Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host

2025-10-02T08:27:01Z

114.10.150.241:

{{Short description|Head of state of the Cossack Hetmanate}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Hetman
| body = the Zaporozhian Host
| insignia = Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg
| insigniasize =
| insigniacaption = State flag
| image = File:Bohdan Khmelnytsky.jpg
| imagesize =
| imagecaption = Most renowned and first official hetman of the Zaporizhian Host, [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]
| style = His [[Serene Highness]] (Його Ясновельможність)
| residence = [[Chyhyryn]] (originally) [[Baturyn]] (1669-1708) [[Hlukhiv]] (after 1708)
| appointer = [[Cossack Rada|General Military Council]]
| appointer_qualified =
| precursor =
| formation = 26 January 1648
| first = [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]
| last = [[Kirill Razumovski]]
| abolished = 17 November 1764
| succession =
| salary =
| incumbent =
| native_name = Гетьман Війська Запорозького
}}

The '''Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host''' ({{langx|uk|Гетьман Війська Запорозького|Hetman Viiska Zaporozkoho}}, {{langx|la|Cosaccorum Zaporoviesium Supremus Belli [[Dux]]}}) was the [[head of state]] of the [[Cossack Hetmanate]]. The office was abolished by the Russian government in 1764.

==Full title==
* '''''Hetman with [His Tsar's / Royal Majesty's] Zaporozhian Host''''' ([[Ruthenian language|Ruthenian]]: гетман(ъ) з(ъ) Войскомъ [его царского величества / его королевской милости] Запоро(жс/з)кимъ; {{langx|pl|Hetman z Wojskiem [Jego Królewskiej Mości / Jego Carskiego Wieliczestwa] Zaporoskim}};<ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Богдана Хмельницького|date=1998|page=82|isbn=9667217531}};</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Богдана Хмельницького|date=1998|page=120|isbn=9667217531}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Богдана Хмельницького|date=1998|page=197|isbn=9667217531}}</ref> [[History of the Russian language|Middle Russian]]: гетман с Воиском [его королевской милости] Запорожским)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Богдана Хмельницького|date=1998|page=91|isbn=9667217531}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Богдана Хмельницького|date=1998|page=126|isbn=9667217531}}</ref> - used by 17th-century hetmans including [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]], [[Yurii Khmelnytsky]], [[Ivan Vyhovsky]], [[Petro Doroshenko]], [[Ivan Samoilovych]] and during the early rule of [[Ivan Mazepa]]; the monarch's title was altered depending on the current political allegiance of the Cossack host;<ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Івана Мазепи (1687-1709)|date=2006|publisher=[[Shevchenko Scientific Society|НТШ]]|volume=2|pages=426-437|isbn=966023872X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Івана Мазепи (1687-1709)|date=2006|publisher=[[Shevchenko Scientific Society|НТШ]]|volume=2|page=465|isbn=966023872X}}</ref>{{efn|The [[honorific]] '''''Their Tsar's Majesty''''' (их(ъ) / іх(ъ) царского величества) was used as part of the title during the joint rule of [[Peter I of Russia|Peter I]] and [[Ivan V of Russia]] in 1682-1689.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Івана Мазепи (1687-1709)|date=2006|publisher=[[Shevchenko Scientific Society|НТШ]]|volume=2|pages=501-524|isbn=966023872X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Івана Мазепи (1687-1709)|date=2006|publisher=[[Shevchenko Scientific Society|НТШ]]|volume=2|pages=47-195|isbn=966023872X}}</ref>}}
* '''''Hetman of [His Royal Majesty's] Zaporozhian Host''''' ([[Ruthenian language|Ruthenian]]: гетман Воиска [его кор[олевскои] милости] Запороз(с)кого; {{langx|ru|гетман Войска Запорожского}}) - used by Bohdan Khmelnytskyi before the [[Treaty of Pereyaslav]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Богдана Хмельницького|date=1998|page=85|isbn=9667217531}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Богдана Хмельницького|date=1998|page=111|isbn=9667217531}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Богдана Хмельницького|date=1998|page=130|isbn=9667217531}}</ref>
* '''''[His Tsar's Majesty's] Hetman of Zaporozhian Hosts [on both sides of the [[Dnieper]]]''''' ([[Ruthenian language|Ruthenian]]: [его царского величества] гетманъ Войскъ Запоро(ж)скихъ [(с) обоихъ сторонъ Днепра]) or '''''[His Tsar's Majesty's] Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host [on both sides of the Dnieper]''''' ([[Ruthenian language|Ruthenian]]: [его царского величества] гетманъ Войска Запоро(ж/з)ского [(с) обоихъ сторонъ Днепра]) - titles used by [[Ivan Mazepa]] (1689-1709) and his successor [[Ivan Skoropadsky]];<ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Івана Мазепи (1687-1709)|date=2006|publisher=[[Shevchenko Scientific Society|НТШ]]|volume=2|isbn=966023872X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Івана Мазепи (1687-1709)|date=2006|publisher=[[Shevchenko Scientific Society|НТШ]]|volume=2|page=415|isbn=966023872X}}</ref><ref>[https://uk.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%94%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1% Link]</ref>{{efn|The [[honorific]] '''''Their Tsar's Majesty''''' (их(ъ) / іх(ъ) царского величества) was used as part of the title during the joint rule of [[Peter I of Russia|Peter I]] and [[Ivan V of Russia]] in 1682-1689.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Івана Мазепи (1687-1709)|date=2006|publisher=[[Shevchenko Scientific Society|НТШ]]|volume=2|pages=501-524|isbn=966023872X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Універсали Івана Мазепи (1687-1709)|date=2006|publisher=[[Shevchenko Scientific Society|НТШ]]|volume=2|pages=47-195|isbn=966023872X}}</ref>}}
* '''''Hetman of His / Her Imperial Majesty's Zaporozhian Host on both sides of the Dnieper''''' ([[Ruthenian language|Old Ukrainian]]: Его / Εꙗ Імператорского вεличεства Воиска Запорожского ѡбоихъ сторонъ Днѣпра Гεтманъ) - used by [[Danylo Apostol]] (1727-1734).<ref>[https://shron1.chtyvo.org.ua/Pryshliak_Volodymyr/Hetmanski_universaly_Danyla_Apostola_u_zbirtsi_Natsionalnoho_muzeiu_u_Lvovi_imeni_Andreia_Sheptytsko.pdf? Гетьманські універсали Данила Апостола у збірці Національного музею...]</ref>
* '''''Hetman of Her Imperial Majesty's [[Little Russia]] on both sides of the Dnieper and (of) Zaporozhian Hosts''''' ([[Ruthenian language|Old Ukrainian]]: Ея Императорскаго Величества Малой Россіи обоихъ сторонъ Днѣпра и войскъ Запорожскихъ Гεтманъ) - used by [[Kyrylo Rozumovsky]] (1750-1764).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Універсал гетьмана Кирила Розумовського|url=https://choim.org/%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C/|date=2018-05-14|access-date=2025-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Унікальний універсал гетьмана Кирила Розумовського презентували в Україні|date=2025-06-20|url=https://history.rayon.in.ua/news/815132-|access-date=2025-09-26}}</ref>

==Brief history==
The position was established by [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] during the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] in the mid 17th century. During that period the office was electoral. All elections, except for the first one, took place in the Senior Council in [[Chyhyryn]] which, until 1669, served as the capital of the Hetmanate.

After the [[Pereiaslav Agreement]] of 1654, several senior cossacks sided with the [[Tsardom of Russia]] and, in 1663, they convened the [[Black Council of 1663]] in [[Nizhyn]] which elected [[Ivan Briukhovetsky]] as an alternative hetman. Since the defeat of [[Petro Doroshenko]] in 1669, the title hetman was adapted by pro-Russian elected hetmans who resided in [[Baturyn]]. In the course of the [[Great Northern War]] one of them, [[Ivan Mazepa]], decided to revolt against Russian rule in 1708, which later drew terrible consequences for the Cossack Hetmanate as well as the Zaporozhian Host. The administration was moved to [[Hlukhiv]] where Mazepa was publicly executed ''[[in effigy]]'' and [[anathema]] was declared upon him by the [[Russian Orthodox Church]].

By an edict of the Russian [[Governing Senate]] of 17 November 1764,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150425040421/http://leksika.com.ua/10340605/legal/rozumovskiy Kyrylo Rozumovsky] at the Jurist Encyclopedia</ref> the office was disestablished in the course of the expansion of Russian territory towards the Black Sea coast.

==List of hetmans==
The list includes only hetmans who belonged to the Cossack Hetmanate. For a full list of all Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks, see [[Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks]].
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
! #
! colspan="3" | Hetman
!Life span
! Elected (event)
! Took office
! Left office
! Notes
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 1
| width="50px" | [[File:Bohdan Khmelnytsky.jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex_K_Chmelnitskyi.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]''' Зиновій-Богдан Хмельницький
|(1596–1657)
|[[Khmelnytsky Uprising|1648]] (Sich)
| 26 January 1648
| 6 August 1657
| [[Pereiaslav Agreement]], Moscow's military union with the Hetmanate
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 2
| width="50px"| [[File:Yurii Khmelnytsky.png|100px]]
|[[File:Alex_K_Chmelnitskyi.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]''' Юрій Хмельницький
|(1641–1685)
| death of his father
| 6 August 1657
| 27 August 1657
|
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 3
| width="50px"| [[File:Ivan Vyhovsky (Portrait, 19th century, after restoration).jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Coat of Arms of Vygovsky family.png|118x118px]]
| '''[[Ivan Vyhovsky]]''' Іван Виговський
|(?–1664)
| 1657 (Korsun)
|21 October 1657
| 11 September 1659
| Attempt for reconciliation with Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth{{efn|Following the Muscovite-Polish [[Truce of Vilna]], which withdrew Moscow's military support for the [[Cossack Hetmanate]], Vyhovsky signed the [[Treaty of Hadiach]] seeking a federative status as a [[Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth]].}}
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 4
| width="50px"| [[File:Yurii Khmelnytsky.png|100px]]
|[[File:Alex_K_Chmelnitskyi.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]''' Юрій Хмельницький
|(1641–1685)
| 1659 (Hermanivka)
| 11 September 1659
| October 1662
| First vassalage to Muscovy,{{efn|Khmelnytsky was forced to sign the revised 1659 [[Pereyaslav Articles]] subjugating both state and church to Muscovy. It was not approved by the [[Cossack Rada]].}} later agreed to autonomy within Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth{{efn|In 1660, Khmelnytsky signed the [[Treaty of Chudnov|Slobodyshche Pact]] with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which sought to get rid of Moscow's control over the Hetmanate. The treaty was approved by the [[Cossack Rada]] in Korsun.}}
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 5
| width="50px" | [[File:Pavlo Teterya.jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex_K_Pavlo_Teteria.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Pavlo Teteria]]''' (1620?–1670) Павло "Тетеря" Моржковський
|
| [[Cossack Council, 1662|1662]] (Chyhyryn)
| October 1662
| July 1665
|
|- bgcolor=silver
| colspan="9" align="center" | [[The Ruin (Ukrainian history)|The period of ruin and civil war]]
|-bgcolor=lightblue
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| (1)
| width="50px" | [[File:Ivan Briukhovetsky.png|100px]]
|[[File:POL COA Brzuchowiecki II.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Ivan Briukhovetsky]]''' (1623–1668) Іван Брюховецький
|
| [[Chorna rada of 1663|1663]] (Nizhyn)
| 27 June 1663 (confirmed: 27 June 1663)
| 17 June 1668
| pro-Muscovite faction, changed sides due to [[Truce of Andrusovo]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 6
| width="50px" | [[File:Petro Doroshenko 19.jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Petro Doroshenko.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Petro Doroshenko]]''' (1627–1698) Петро Дорошенко
|
| [[Cossack Council, 1666|1666]] (Chyhyryn)
| 10 October 1665 (confirmed: January 1666)
| 19 September 1676
| Union treaty with the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]]{{efn|In 1669, Doroshenko signed the Korsun treaty which provided the Hetmanate with military support and protection for the Ukrainian Exarch.}}
|-bgcolor=lightblue
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| (2)
| width="50px"| [[File:Demian Mnohohrishny.png|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Demian Mnohohrishnyi.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Demian Mnohohrishny]]''' (1631–1703) Дем'ян Многогрішний
|
| 1669 (Hlukhiv)
| 17 December 1668 (confirmed: 3 March 1669)
| April 1672
| pro-Muscovite faction
|-bgcolor=lightblue
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 7 (3)
| width="50px" | [[File:Ivan Samoylovych (Portrait №1, 19th century, Skarzhynska collection).jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Ivan Samoilovych.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Ivan Samoylovych]]''' (1630s–1690) Іван Самойлович
|
| [[Officer Council, 1672|1672]] ([[Kozatske, Konotop Raion|Cossack Grove]])
| 17 June 1672
| August 1687
| pro-Muscovite faction
|- bgcolor=silver
| colspan="9" align="center" | [[The Ruin (Ukrainian history)|The period of ruin and civil war ended]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 8
| width="50px" | [[File:Portret Mazepa.jpg|155x155px]]
|[[File:Alex K Ivan Mazepa.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Ivan Mazepa]]''' (1639–1708) Іван Мазепа
|
| [[Cossack Council, 1687|1687]] (Kolomak)
| 4 August 1687
| 6 November 1708
| "stripped" of a title, discredited
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 9
| width="50px" | [[File:Ivan Skoropadsky (Portrait, 1840s, Stepan Zemlyukov) 3.jpg|112x112px]]
|[[File:Alex K Ivan Skoropadskyi.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Ivan Skoropadsky]]''' (1646–1722) Іван Скоропадський
|
| 1708 (Hlukhiv)
| 6 November 1708
| 14 July 1722
| died
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| X
| width="50px" | [[File:Pavlo Polubotok (Portrait, 1840s, Stepan Zemlyukov).jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Pavlo Polubotok.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Pavlo Polubotok]]''' (1660–1724) Павло Полуботок
|
| [[acting hetman|appointed hetman]]
| 1722
| 1724
| died in prison
|- bgcolor=grey
| colspan="9" |[[Collegium of Little Russia (1722-27)|Collegium of Little Russia]] ([[Stepan Velyaminov]]) 1722–1727
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 10
| width="50px" | [[File:Danylo Apostol (Portrait, Sumy Art Museum).jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Danylo Apostol.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Danylo Apostol]]''' (1654–1734) Данило Апостол
|
| 1727 (Hlukhiv)
| 12 October 1727
| 29 March 1734
| died
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| X
| width="50px" | 
|[[File:POL COA Lisohub.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Yakiv Lyzohub]]''' (1675–1749) Яків Лизогуб
|
| appointed hetman
| 1733
| 1749
| died
|- bgcolor=grey
| colspan="9" |[[Governing Council of the Hetman Office]] ([[Aleksei Shakhovskoy]]) 1734–1745
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 11
| width="50px" | [[File:Kyrylo Rozumovsky (Portrait, 1half 19th century, unknown author).jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Rozumovski family.svg|118x118px]]
| '''[[Kyrylo Rozumovsky]]''' (1728–1803) Кирило Розумовський
|
| 1750 (Hlukhiv)
| 22 February 1750
| 17 November 1764
| resigned
|- bgcolor=grey
| colspan="9" |Collegium of Little Russia 1764–1786 ([[Pyotr Rumyantsev]])
|}

=== Notes ===
[[File:Alex K Bohdan Chmelnickyi prapor.svg|thumb|150px|Flag of Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Bohdan (Б) Khmelnytsky (Х), hetman (Г) of Host (В) of Zaporozhia (З) and of His (Е) Royal (К) Majesty (МЛС) of [[Rzecz Pospolita]].]]
{{more|The Ruin (Ukrainian history)}}

Some historians, including [[Mykola Arkas]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140707192952/http://pidruchniki.ws/20080215/istoriya/pavlo_teterya_getman_pravoberezhnoyi_ukrayini Pavlo Teteria, Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine]. Cossack leaders of Ukraine (textbook).</ref> question the legitimacy of the Teteria's elections, accusing him of corruption.<ref>Lohvyn, Yu. ''[http://abetka.ukrlife.org/logvin/l_teteria.htm Pavlo Teteria. Hetmans of Ukraine]''. "Merry Alphabet".</ref> Some sources claim that the election of Teteria took place in January 1663.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140601013025/http://litopys.com.ua/encyclopedia/vidatn-storichn-postat-dobi-ru-ni/pavlo-teterya/ Pavlo Teteria]. History of the Great Nation.</ref> The election of Teteria led to the Povoloch Regiment Uprising in 1663, followed by greater unrest in the modern region of [[Kirovohrad Oblast]], as well as [[Polesie]] (all in the [[Right-bank Ukraine]]).<ref name="civil_war" /> Moreover, the political crisis that followed the Pushkar–Barabash Uprising divided the Cossack Hetmanate completely on both banks of the [[Dnieper River]].<ref name="civil_war">Horobets, V. ''[http://history.org.ua/index.php?termin=Gromad_vijny_v_Ukr Civil wars in Ukraine of 1650s–1660s]''. Encyclopedia of history of Ukraine. Vol.2. Kiev: "[[Naukova Dumka]]", 2004.</ref> Coincidentally, on 10 January 1663 the [[Tsardom of Muscovy]] created the new [[Little Russian Office]] ([[Prikaz]]) within its Ambassadorial Office.

Vouched for by [[Charles Marie François Olier, marquis de Nointel]], [[Yurii Khmelnytsky]] was freed from Ottoman captivity and, along with Pasha Ibragim, was sent to Ukraine to fight the Moscow forces of Samoilovych and Romadanovsky. In 1681, [[Mehmed IV]] appointed [[George Ducas]] hetman of Ukraine, replacing Khmelnytsky.

Following the [[anathema on Mazepa]] and the election of [[Ivan Skoropadsky]], the Cossack Hetmanate was included in the Russian [[Kiev Governorate|Government of Kiev]] in December 1708. Upon the death of Skoropadsky, the elections oh hetmans were discontinued and were awarded as a gift and a type of princely title, first to Moldavian noblemen and, later, to the Russian Empress's favorites.

On 5 April 1710, the council of cossacks, veterans of the Battle at Poltava, elected [[Pylyp Orlyk]] as the Hetman of Ukraine in exile. Orlyk waged a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla war]] at the southern borders of the [[Russian Empire]] with support from the Ottoman and Swedish empires.

==See also==
* [[Hetman of Zaporizhian Cossacks]]
* [[Hetman of all Ukraine]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Dyadychenko, V. ''Sketches of a social and political system of the [[Left-bank Ukraine]] at the end of 17th and the start of 18th centuries''. Kiev 1959
* Smoliy, V. ''Hetmanate Ukraine''. Kiev 1999

==External links==
* [http://www.history.org.ua/?termin=Getmanatu_instytut Shcherbak, V. ''Institution of Hetmans'']. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. "Naukova dumka". Kiev 2004
* [https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\H\E\Hetman.htm ''Hetman'']. [[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]].

{{Hetmans of Ukraine}}
{{Government institutions of the Cossack Hetmanate}}
{{Presidency of Ukraine}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hetman Of Zaporizhian Host}}
[[Category:Heads of state of Ukraine]]
[[Category:17th-century establishments in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Presidency of Ukraine]]
[[Category:1764 disestablishments in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Hetmans of Zaporizhian Host| ]]
[[Category:Government of the Cossack Hetmanate]]
[[Category:1648 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]

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