The following is a list of last names of the [[Khatri]] community of [[Northern India]] and [[Pakistan]] listed in alphabetical order:

== A ==
*Aatli
*Ahdi
*Ajimal
*Arrii
*Assi
*Attalia
*Attli
*Amrith
*[[Alung]]/[[Alang]]/[[Alagh]]/[[Alg]]/[[Alangh]]
*[[Anand]]
*[[Aulakh]]
*Amba
*[[Atwal]]

== B ==
*[[Bal]]
*[[Bahl]]
*[[Behl]]
*[[Bahri]]
*[[Bassi]]
*[[Bawa]]
*[[Bhinder]]
*[[Bedi]]
*[[Bembey]]
*[[Beri]]
*[[Baidwan]]
*[[Bhalla]]
*[[Bhambrah]]/[[Bhamra]]/[[Bhambra]]/[[Bhamrah]]
*[[Bhangu]]
*[[Bhandari]]
*[[Bharara]]
*[[Buttar]]
*[[Bhasin]]
*[[Bhatti]]
*[[Bindra]]
*[[Boparai]]
*[[Bhullar]]
*[[Bains]]
*[[Basur]]
*[[Brar]]
*[[Bhurjee]]
*[[Bajwa]]
*[[Bhurjee]]
*Bhurji
*Bhullar
*'''Bilkhu'''
*Birmi
*'''Birdee''' (also spelt Birdi/Virdi/Virdy/Virde/Verdi/)
*'''Birdi''' (also spelt Birdi/Virdi/Virdy/Virde/Verdi/)
*Bubbra
*Budhoo
*Burmy
*Bajaraha

== C ==
*[[Chadha]]
*[[Chaudhary]]
*[[Chhatwal]]
*[[Chandhok]]
*[[Chopra]]
*[[Chahal]]
*[[Chatha]]
*[[Cheema]]
*[[Chadhar]]
*Chadha
*Chodha(also spelt chadha or Chaddha)
*[[Chhina (clan)]]
*[[Chauhan]]

== D ==
*[[Dhall]]
*Dadyala/Dadiala/Dhadial/Dhadyal
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhand Dhand]
*[[Dhawan]]
*[[Dhir]]
*[[Dhody]]
*[[Dhotar]]
*[[Dhupar]]
*[[Dhariwal]]
*[[Dhaliwal]]
*[[Duggal]]
*[[Diwan]]
*[[Dhillon]]
*[[Devgan]]
*[[Deol]]
*[[Dosanjh]]
*[[Dhaman]]
*[[Dhiman]]
*[[Dumra]]
*[[Dhindsa]]
*[[Deo (clan)]]

== G ==
*[[Gadhiok]]/[[Gandhok]]
*[[Ghai]]/[[Ghei]]/[[Gehi]]
*[[Ghumman]]
*[[Gujral]]
*[[Gandotra]]
*[[Grewal]]
*[[Gulla]]
*[[Gill]]
*[[Goraya]]

== H ==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handas Handa/Hande]
*[[Hunjan]]
*[[Hanjra]]
*[[Hundal]]

== J ==
*[[Jerath]]/[[Jeirath]]/[[Jairath]]
*[[Jaggi]]
*[[Jagga]]
*[[Jagota]]
*[[Jatling]]
*[[Johar]]
*[[Jolly]]
*[[Johal]]
*[[Janjua]]
*[[Jandu]]
*Jhooti
*[[Jawanda]]
*[[Jhangra]]

== K ==
*[[Kakkar]]/Kacker
*[[Kapoor]]
*[[Kalsi]]
*[[Khanna]]
*[[Khattar]]
*[[Kamboj]]
*[[khosla]]
*[[Khullar]]
*[[Khuman]]
*[[Kohli]]
*[[Kahlon]]/[[Kahloon]]
*[[Khokhar]]
*[[Kaler]]

== L ==

*[[Lamba]]
*[[Lidhar]]

== M ==
*[[Midha]]
*[[Mahil]]
*[[Malhi]]
*[[Makkar]]
*[[Madhok]]
*[[Mahana]]/[[Mahna]]
*[[Mahendru]]/[[Mahendroo]]/[[Mahindru]]/[[Maindru]]
*[[Maini]]
*[[Malhotra]]
*[[Mehta]]
*[[Marwah]]
*[[Matharu]]
*[[Mann]]/[[Maan]]
*[[Mangat]]
*[[Main]]
*Mahon
Mahoon
*Malhotra
* Marway
*Mandaley
*Mandur
*Mankoo
*Manku
*[[Matharu]] (also spelt Matharoo)
*Matyar
*Meen
*Momrath
*Mion
*Mudarh
*Mudan
*Mudhan
*Mudhar
*Multani
*Mundae
*Munde
*Mundey
*Muttair
*Mahal
* Misan Punjabi
*Maan (also spelt Mann

== N ==

*[[Nair]]/[[Nayer]]/[[Nayyar]]/[[Nayar]]
*[[Nijhawan]]
*[[Nikhanj]]
*[[Nanda]]
*[[Nagi]]
*[[Nagra]]
*[[Nijjar]]
*[[Natt]]

== O ==

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberoi Oberoi]/Oberai/Obhrai/Uberoi
* [[Ohri]]

== P ==
*[[Parwanda]]
*[[Purewal]]
*[[Puri]]
*[[Passi]]
*[[Pandher]]
*[[Pannun]]
*[[Pal (clan)]]

== R ==
*[[Rayat]]
*[[Rihal]]
*[[Randhawa]]
*[[Rakkar]]

== S ==
*[[Syal]]/[[Sayal]]/[[Sial]]
*[[Sabharwal]]
*[[Samra]]
*[[Sablok]]
*[[Saggar]]
*[[Sarna]]
*[[Saggu]]
*[[Sarai]]
*[[Sahi]]/[[Shahi]]
*[[Sahni]]/[[Sahani]]/[[Sawhney]]
*[[Suri]]
*[[Sandhu]]
*[[Semi (tribe)|Sammy]]/[[Semi (tribe)]]/[[Semi (tribe)|Sammi]]/[[Semi (tribe)|Sehmi]]
*[[Samnotra]]
*[[Sareen]]/[[Sarin]]
*[[Sarwal]]
*[[Saggi]]
*[[Sehgal]]/[[Sahgal]]
*[[Sekhri]]
*[[Sethi]]
*[[Sehdev]]
*[[Sibal]]
*[[Sobti]]
*[[Sohal]]
*[[Sodhi]]
*[[Sondhi]]
*[[Sekhon]]
*[[Sidhu]]
*Soodhar/Sooddhar
*[[Shergill]]
*[[Saini]]
*[[Sarao]]
*[[Sipra]]
*[[Sokhi]]
*[[Sarai (tribe)]]

== T ==
*[[Talwar]]
*[[Thamman]]
*[[Tandan]]/[[Tandon]]
*[[Trehan]]
*[[Tuli]]
*[[Thapar]]
*[[Tiwana]]
*[[Tarar]]
*[[Thathaal]]
*[[Toor]]
*[[Thind]]
*[[Takhar]]

== U ==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberoi Uberoi]
*[[Uppal]]
*[[Ubhi]]

== V ==

*[[Vadehra]]
*[[Vig]]/[[Vij]]
*[[Vohra]]/[[Wouhara]]
*[[Vedi]]
*[[Virdi]]
*[[Virk]]

== W ==
*[[Wadhawan]]
*[[Wahi clan]]
*[[Wahla]]
*[[Wadhera]]
*[[Waraich]]
*[[Warar]]
[[Category:Surname appendices]]
[[Category:English surnames from India| ]]
[[Category:Khatri clans]]

List of Khatri Gotras

2009-07-07T22:40:03Z

122.162.3.95: /* W */

List of Khatri Gotras

2009-07-07T22:39:48Z

122.162.3.95:

2007-06-12T20:34:50Z

122.162.150.64:

{{Infobox University
|name = University of Delhi
|image= [[Image:Delhiuniversity.jpg|Delhi University Logo]]
|motto = निष्ठा धति: सत्यम्
|established = [[1921]]
|type = [[Public school|Public]]
|free_label = Vice Chancellor
|free = Deepak Pental
|city = [[Delhi]]
|country = [[India]]
|affiliations = UGC, NAAC
|campus = [[urban area|Urban]]
|website= [http://www.du.ac.in www.du.ac.in]
}}

The '''University of Delhi''' is a [[university]] in [[India]]. Established in [[1922]], it is one of the premier universities of the country and is known for its high standards in teaching and research. It offers courses at the Undergraduate and Post Graduate levels in most subjects. With the number of students exceeding 300,000, it is among the largest universities in the world.

The [[Vice-President of India]] is the Chancellor of the University of Delhi. The University has a history of Nobel Prize winners as its alumni and faculty. It is especially known for its faculties in Science, Economics, English and [[Hindustani]] Classical Music.

==Faculties==
# [[Arts]]
# [[Ayurvedic]] & Unani Medicine
# Commerce & Business Studies
# Education
# Int. Disp. & Applied Sciences
# [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi|Law]]
# Main University
# [[FMS Delhi]] - Management Studies
# Mathematical [[Sciences]]
# [[Medical]] Sciences
# [[Music]] & [[Fine Arts]]
# [[Science]]
# [[Social Sciences]]
# [[Technology]]
# [[Undergraduate]] Courses

==Faculty of Science==
# [[School of Environmental Studies]]
# [[Department of Physics and Astrophysics]]
# [[Botany Department]]
# [[Zoology Department]]
# [[Chemistry Department]]
# [[Anthropology Department]]
# [[Geology Department]]

==Colleges under the University of Delhi==
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
*[[Acharya Narendra Dev College]]
*[[Aditi Mahavidyalaya]]
*[[Ahilyabai College of Nursing]]
*[[Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy]]
*[[Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College]]
*[[Ayurvedic & Unani Tibbia College]]
*[[Bhagini Nivedita College]]
*[[Bharati College]]
*[[Bhaskraycharya College of Applied Sciences]]
*[[Bhim Rao Ambedkar College]]
*[[College of Arts]]
*[[College of Pharmacy]]
*[[College of Vocational Studies]]
*[[Daulat Ram College]]
*[[Deen Dayal Upadhayay College]]
*[[Delhi College of Arts & Commerce]]
*[[Delhi College of Engineering]]
*[[Delhi School of Economics]]
*[[Deshbandhu College]]
*Deshbandhu College (Evening)
*[[Dyal Singh College]]
*Dyal Singh College (Evening)
*[[Faculty of Management Studies]]
*[[Gargi College]]
*[[Hans Raj College]]
*[[Hindu College]]
*[[Indira Gandhi Instt.of Phy. Edu. & Sports Sciences]]
*[[Indraprastha College for Women]]
*[[Institute of Home Economics]]
*[[Institute of Physically Handicapped]]
*[[Janki Devi Memorial College]]
*[[Jesus & Mary College]][http://jmcdelhi.com/]
*[[Kalindi College]]
*[[Kamala Nehru College]]
*[[Keshav Mahavidyalaya]]
*[[Kirori Mal College]]
*[[Lady Harding Medical College]]
*[[Lady Irwin College]]
*[[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]]
*[[Lakshmi Bai College]]
*[[Maharaja Agrasen College]] [http://www.macdu.com MAC]
*[[Maharishi Valmiki College of Education]]
*[[Maitreyi College]]
*[[Mata Sundri College for Women]]
*[[Maulana Azad Medical College]]
*[[Miranda House]]
*[[Moti Lal Nehru College]]
*Moti Lal Nehru College (Evening)
*[[Nehru Homeopathic College]]
*[[Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology]]
*[[P.G.D.A.V. College]]
*P.G.D.A.V. College (Evening)
*[[Rajdhani College]]
*[[Rajkumari Amrit Kaur College of Nursing]]
*[[Ram Lal Anand College]]
*Ram Lal Anand College (Evening)
*[[Ramjas College]]
*[[S.G.T.B. Khalsa College]]
*S.G.T.B. Khalsa College (Evening)
*[[Satyawati College]]
*Satyawati College (Evening)
*[[School of Correspondence Courses & Cont. Edu.]]
*[[Shaheed Bhagat Singh College]]
*Shaheed Bhagat Singh College (Evening)
*[[Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women]] [http://www.rajgurucollege.org]
*[[Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies]]
*[[Sherubtse College]]
*[[Shivaji College]]
*[[Shri Ram College of Commerce]]
*[[Shyam Lal College]]
*Shyam Lal College (Evening)
*[[Shyama Prasad Mukherjee College]]
*[[Sri Aurbindo College]]
*Sri Aurbindo College (Evening)
*[[Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce]]
*[[Sri Venkateswara College]]
*[[St. Stephen's College]]
*[[Swami Shraddhanand College]]
*[[University College of Medical Sciences]] http://ucms.co.in/
*[[Vivekanand College]]
*[[Zakir Husain College]]
*Zakir Husain College (Evening)

</div>

==Former Vice Chancellors==

#Dr. Moonis Raza
#Prof Singh
#Prof. Saroop Singh

==External links==
*[http://www.du.ac.in/ Official Website]
*[http://www.fms.edu/ Faculty of Management Studies]
*[http://cs.du.ac.in/ Department of Computer Science]
*[http://www.du.ac.in/exam.html Examinations and Syllabus]
*[http://www.delhi-university.in Delhi University Admissions]
*[http://www.delhi-university.in/mboard.php Admissions 2006 Special Helpline set up by Delhi University Alumni dedicated to Admission related queries]
*[http://beat.du.googlepages.com DU Beat Delhi University's Independent Student Newspaper]
*[http://www.educationindiainfo.com Education India]

{{India-university-stub}}

[[Category:Central universities in India|Delhi]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Delhi]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1922]]

[[de:University of Delhi]]

Basic Java Language

2007-05-31T16:06:25Z

122.162.117.139: /* Concatenation operator */

This lesson discusses the basics of the Java language, including variables, primitives, operators, statements and Java writing conventions.

== Touch on Classes ==
Everything in Java is specified inside classes. Classes are bodies of statements, methods, and variables. A statement can be thought of as the smallest standalone element of an imperative programming language (or a language that explicitly specifies an algorithm to achieve a goal, opposed to declarative programming, which explicitly specifies a goal and leaves the implementation of that goal to algorithms within the support software). A program is formed by a sequence of one or more statements (e.g. if x, then y). Each statement will have internal components (e.g. expressions). A method usually consists of a sequence of statements to perform an action, a set of input parameters to customize those actions, and possibly an output value (called return value) of some kind. There is a method called <code>main</code> that all classes have. This is the start point of your program - where everything must begin. To create a class, the syntax (or basic outline in code) is:

<pre>
[Protection] class [Name] [Extend/Implements...]
</pre>

Right now, let's examine the first 3. "[Protection]" refers to permissions of who can access the class, and will be discussed later. The label "class" is required to create a class. "Name" can be any valid identifier (see Valid Identifiers...). The name will be used to create objects (more later...). Here is what you type to create a class, as for now, and all you must worry about:

<pre>
public class NAME
</pre>

NAME, again,is the identifier. (Java is case sensitive; so NAME is different from Name. Industry convention suggest naming classes using mixed case, starting with an uppercase letter.[http://java.sun.com/docs/codeconv/html/CodeConvTOC.doc.html] For example: NameNumberTwo)

Classes also have a body - where you actually put the things. To create the body you have a { and }. For example:

<pre>
public class NAME
{

}
</pre>

This, essentially creates a class. All the code goes between the {, called the opening brace, and the }, called the closing brace.

== Protection ==
{{Template:confusing|December 2006}}
Java allows you to abstract the internal data of a class from other code that uses that class. The idea here is to create a "black box" effect, where classes that use your class have no knowledge of the internal workings of the class. This simplifies changing the class if done consistently, as other classes don't depend on anything within the class.

There are three '''access modifiers''' and four '''access levels''' (one level is the default, used when no modifier appears). If your class attempts to access another class, it will only be able to if it is allowed access. If you don't have access to the code you're trying to access, the compiler will notice and you'll get a compile-time error. The four levels and three modifiers are as follows:

<center>
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| '''Modifier'''
| '''Level'''
| '''Accessible From'''
|-
| <code>private</code>
| Private
| An object of the exact same class as the declaring class
|-
| <code>Default</code>
| Default; sometimes called ''package-private''
| An object of the same package as the declaring class
|-
| <code>protected</code>
| Protected
| An object of the same or subclass of the declaring class
|-
| <code>public</code>
| Public
| Anywhere
|}
</center>

The ''declaring class'' is the class containing the field, method, or nested class being modified. (For example, if the class <code>Foo</code> contains a method <code>bar()</code>, <code>Foo</code> is <code>bar()</code>'s declaring class.)

The protected and default levels deal with [[Java/Inheritance|inheritance]] and [[Java Deployment|packages]] respectively; these concepts are dealt with in later lessons. For now, declare all classes public (private classes are only useful — or even possible — when nested, and nested classes definitely comes later). Methods should be public if they're meant to be called by other classes. Declare a method private if it should only be called by its own class.

== Statements ==
All operations are done in statements. Every statement ends in a semicolon: ;. Statements can set a variable with the '=' operator. This sets the variable you wish to set to another variable or a value. Values can only be used on primitive types. As you saw in the HelloWorld program, there was one statement: <code>System.out.println("Hello, World")</code>. This is one type of statement called "calling a method". More will be discussed later. Finally, you can declare a variable. If a class has no statements, it would do nothing.

== Comments ==
Comments are short notes that the developer can insert into their code. This allows the developer to keep track of their code and helps when developers are collaborating on a project. It is good to write a summary of the following code at the beginning of your methods, classes, etc. The Java compiler completely ignores comments, so you can say anything in them.

Comments are written using two forward slashes
<pre>// This is a comment</pre>
Comments can be written at the end of a line
<pre>System.out.println("I love comments"); // This is also a comment</pre>
Comments can also be written on multiple lines by starting with '''/*''' and ending with'''*/'''.

<pre>
/*
Comment 1
Comment 2
Comment 3
*/
</pre>

A multi-line comment that opens with two asterisks

<pre>
/**
Like this
*/
</pre>

is called a '''javadoc comment'''. As a general rule, don't use these unless you mean to run the javadoc program on your code. We won't worry about these kind of comments for now.

We will use comments to document and explain our code from now on.

== Variables ==
Variables are used to store information in a computer's memory. Like its name implies, variables are values that can be changed. There are two main categories of variables: reference variables and primitive variables. Reference variables are place holders for objects (More on objects in Lesson 4, Java Objects and Classes.) Primitive variables are given a value of a primitive data type, a fundamental value. Variables are all given a type when they are declared, such as "int" or "float".

=== Declaring Variables ===
To declare a variable, use this syntax:
<pre>
[protection] [classname] [identifier]
</pre>
This is one type of statement. The class name is the type of variable you want. Currently, you will only use basic primitive variables, but you will learn about objects soon. Here is an example of declaring a variable:
<pre>
public int myInt
</pre>
myInt has protection of public. It is of class int, or Integer (see Primitive Types). int is a class in Java. When you say that, you are basically making a primitive object.

=== Primitive Data Types ===
Primitives are the simplest type of data. The following table shows all the types of primitives.
<center>
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| '''Primitive'''
| '''Description'''
| '''Values'''
|-
| byte
| A brief, 8-bit integer
| Integer numbers -128 through 127
|-
| short
| A short, 16-bit integer
| Integer numbers -32,768 through 32,767
|-
| int
| A 32 bit integer
| Integer numbers -2,147,483,648 through 2,147,483,647
|-
| long
| A long, 64 bit integer
| Integer numbers -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 through 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
|-
| float
| Single-precision floating point (32-bit IEEE 754)
| Smallest positive non-zero: 14e<sup>-45</sup>, Largest positive non-zero: 3.4028234e<sup>38</sup>
|-
| double
| Double-precision floating point (64-bit IEEE 754)
| Smallest positive non-zero: 4.9e<sup>-324</sup>, Largest positive non-zero: 1.797693157e<sup>308</sup>
|-
| char
| A single character
| All Unicode characters
|-
| boolean
| A Boolean value(1-bit)
| '''true''' or '''false'''
|}
</center>

Using what you have learned, you may have guessed how to create these primitives:

<code>long myLong;</code>
<code>double myDouble;</code>

== Operators ==
Operators are the symbols defining a certain operation to be performed.

=== Addition Operator '+' ===
The addition operator returns the sum of the the values to the left, and the value to the right of it.

If you want to evaluate the expression 23 plus 75, you would type:
<pre>
23+75
</pre>

The addition operator also works with variables:
<pre>
myInt+yourInt
</pre>

Note, this operator is not to be confused with the concatenation operator, which we will discuss later.

=== Subtraction '-', multiplication '*', division '/', and modulus '%' operators ===
Just like the addition operator, the subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus operators are used as follows:
<pre>
int a = 9;

a-1; // evaluates to 8
a/3; // evaluates to 3
a*2; // evaluates to 18
a%4; // evaluates to 1
</pre>

Subtraction, multiplication, and division, you have seen before, but the modulus operator is much less commonly used. Actually, it is commonly used, but it known under a different name, the remainder. Nine divided by four gives a remainder of one, so therefore 9 mod 4 evaluates to 1.

When more than one of the operators are used at once, for example:
<pre>
int a, b, c, d;
a = a-b/c*d;
</pre>

the Java language would use the order-of-operations in this case.

=== Assignment Operators ===
An assignment operator assigns a value to a certain variable after evaluating the expression to be assigned. You have seen one of them in numerous examples so far, can you pick it out?

==== Equals ====
The equals operator sets the variable on its left equal to the value on its right. This code creates the variable ''a'' and sets it equal to 5
<pre>int a;
a = 5;</pre>
Fairly simple, right? Here is where it can get a slightly more tricky.

<pre>int a;
int b;
b = 6;
a = b; //a equals 6</pre>

At first glance, you might think that the last statement is setting ''a'' equal to the letter "b", but instead it is setting ''a'' equal to the ''value'' of ''b'', which is 6. Essentially, a holds the value of 6. You can also set a variable and declare it on the same line:

<pre>
int a = 6;
</pre>

However, you can't say <code>char myChar = y;</code> to set a character to 'y'. That would set the character variable <code>myChar</code> to the value stored in the character variable <code>y</code>. To set <code>myChar</code> equal to the character <i>y</i>, use a '''character literal''' — a technical term for "a character in single-quotes": <code>char myChar = 'y';</code>. Note that a <code>char</code> primitive can only hold a single character. <code>char myChar = 'Yo';</code> is illegal.

Finally, what's so special about <code>float</code>s and <code>double</code>s? Doubles and floats can have decimals: <code>float myFloat = 5.1;</code>. (The term "float" is short for "floating-point number," referring to the decimal point.)

Now, why would you want to set a variable? You would need to set a variable for further use, ie. to access at a later time.

==== Plus-equals ====
The plus-equals operator ("+=") adds the value on the right, to the variable on the left, and then assigns that value back into the variable on the left.

Example:
<pre>
int a = 6; // assigns the value 6 to variable a
a += 5; // adds 5 to a, and assigns that value back into a, now a is 11
</pre>

==== Minus-equals, multiply-equals, divide-equals, and mod-equals ====
Minus-equals, multiply-equals, divide-equals, and mod-equals works in the same way as plus-equals, except instead of addition, they do subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus, respectively.

=== Concatenation operator ===
The concatenation operator (+) looks exactly like the addition operator, however it performs a different operation. The concatenation operator '''concatenates''' or "puts together," for lack of a better term, two <code>Strings</code>.

<pre>
String myString = "Hello, ";
String yourString = "world.";
String ourString = myString + yourString; // evalulates to "Hello, world."
</pre>

== Valid Identifiers ==
There are several rules for the naming of your variables. Identifiers can be named using all the letters from A through Z (capital or lowercase, you choose), numbers 0-9 and underscore _ and the dollar sign $. The first character of the identifier cannot be a number, but it can be a letter, _ or $. Identifiers can be no longer than 32 characters.

You can't create two variables with the same identifier; all identifiers must be unique. You also can't use an identifier that is a Java keyword, listed below. [[Flashcards for Java keywords]] provides some assistance in memorizing the concepts behind specific keywords.

<div align=center>
{| class="wikitable"
| <code>abstract</code>
| <code>assert</code>
| <code>boolean</code>
| <code>break</code>
| <code>byte</code>
| <code>case</code>
|-
| <code>catch</code>
| <code>char</code>
| <code>class</code>
| <code>const</code>
| <code>continue</code>
| <code>default</code>
|-
| <code>else</code>
| <code>enum</code>
| <code>extends</code>
| <code>false</code>
| <code>final</code>
| <code>finally</code>
|-
| <code>float</code>
| <code>for</code>
| <code>goto</code>
| <code>if</code>
| <code>implements</code>
| <code>import</code>
|-
| <code>instanceof</code>
| <code>int</code>
| <code>interface</code>
| <code>long</code>
| <code>native</code>
| <code>new</code>
|-
| <code>null</code>
| <code>package</code>
| <code>private</code>
| <code>protected</code>
| <code>public</code>
| <code>return</code>
|-
| <code>short</code>
| <code>static</code>
| <code>strictfp</code>
| <code>super</code>
| <code>switch</code>
| <code>synchronized</code>
|-
| <code>this</code>
| <code>throw</code>
| <code>throws</code>
| <code>transient</code>
| <code>true</code>
| <code>try</code>
|-
| <code>void</code>
| <code>volatile</code>
| <code>while</code>
|
|
|
|}
</div>

Identifiers should also be meaningful, while maintaining practicality. If calculating the sum of a set of numbers, <code>sum<code> is better than <code>cumulativeTotal</code>, but <code>s</code> might be too short.

== Using the Displayer with Variables ==
This section is about printing to the console using <code>System.out.println();</code>.

Using System.out.println() is extremely simple, though C/C++ programmers may find it cumbersome to type up. The method println() takes one parameter, the variable you wish to print out.

<code>System.out.println( myInt )</code>

You can also print out multiple variables on the same line:
<code>System.out.println( false + " " + 54 )</code>

Note that this won't work for two literal numeric values:
<code>System.out.println( 54 + 32 )</code>. It would mistake it for the adding operator for values. So to print out "5432", you would have to type:
<code>System.out.println( 54 + "" + 32 )</code>

Now you can do calculations and print the result! For example, say you want to print 6*6*6*6. Here is the code:
<pre>
public class Multiplying
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 6;
int b = a*a*a*a;
System.out.println(b + "");
}
}
</pre>

== Compiling and running your program ==
To compile your program, go to the directory you saved it. Note that if your class was named NaMe then your file '''must''' be named NaMe.java. Notice that Java is case-sensitive. Anyways, type: <code>javac NaMe.java</code> where NaMe is your class name in a command-line window. To run the program, type <code>java NaMe</code>. Do not forget to include the ".java" extension when compiling the file, and to leave out any extensions when running the program.

If the compiler reports syntax errors with your code, you must look in your source code and fix them. These are usually typos, but can be missing semi-colons or other formatting issues.

If, when running, it reports invalid class file, the compiler might not have created a file. It should have given an error message at compile time.

== Asking the user ==

''In order for the following to work properly, you must place the following code on the first line of your .java file. Importing packages will be explained later.''

<code>import javax.swing.JOptionPane;</code>

Now, let's go on to asking the user to enter a number and doing calculations on it. Basically: <code>JOptionPane.showInputDialog( null, "Hello, enter something" )</code>. Try putting that in a class (in the main method, of course) and run it. Currently, we can't do anything with it because the value is deleted.

Because what you enter can consist of letters OR numbers, and any length of them, what is "produced" by that is a String. The following will work: <code>String mine = JOptionPane.showInputDialog( null, "Now I can set a String!" );</code>. Now lets say that after you get the string you want to print it. Just like regularly, add the following line: <code>System.out.println( mine );</code>.

Now you probably want to be able to enter a number. Java provides a method of changing a '''String''' to an <code>int</code>. It is <code>Integer.parseInt( String_Here );</code>. So lets say you want the user to enter a number and you print it. Do:
<pre>
int mine = Integer.parseInt( JOptionPane.showInputDialog( null, "Now I can set an int!" ) );
System.out.println( mine );
</pre>

And now, of course, you can do whatever you want with that...

== Exercises ==
{{Activity
| Printing variables
| Create a program that stores a String with the value "ABC". Then print the value using System.out.println(StringIdentifierHere). Don't use System.out.prinln("ABC"), as we are focusing on creating variables.
}}

{{Activity
| Printing number variables
| Do the above with a long set to 10000. Note that you have to say System.out.println(LongIdentifier).
}}
<br><br><hr>

{{1lvlnav|[[Topic:Java|Java]]|[[Introduction to Java]]|[[Java Decision Structures]]}}

[[Category:Java]]
[[Category:Learning activities]]
[[Category:Basics]]

Archive:Fanboy

2007-05-28T14:08:48Z

122.162.103.177: /* Subjects of obsession */

'''Fanboy''' is a term used to describe an individual (usually male, though the feminine version '''fangirl''' may be used for females) who is utterly devoted to a single fannish subject, or to a single point of view within that subject, often to the point where it is considered an [[obsession]]. ''Fanboys'' remain loyal to their particular obsession, disregarding any factors that differ from their point of view. Fanboys are also typically aggressive and hateful towards the opposing brand or competition of their obsession regardless of its merits or achievements.

== Background ==
Fanboys are attributed with a sycophantic devotion to the creators and principles behind a work with which they are currently enthralled, but will quickly move their attention elsewhere once something better or just newer comes along. Fanboys are noted for a very emotional attachment to their chosen subject, often taking negative remarks about it as a personal attack. They will readily engage in debates, but will fall back on emotional responses. For example, a "fanboy" may go out of their way to point out negative and often untrue statements about their obsession's rivals; this is commonly known as [[FUD]].

The stereotypical image of the fanboy is as an unkempt, socially awkward, young man who may be perceived as a loud mouthed [[pseudo-intellectual]]. As electronic entertainment gained popularity, the term became increasingly applied to [[video game]]rs and television addicts. As a result, a subculture emerged which readily labeled itself as fanboys. Within this group, more effort is taken to fit in with a perceived standard, resulting in a more outgoing attitude, even among those with insecurities. This outgoing stance is often felt to be abrasive by those not involved in the culture as deeply.

More recently, especially in the [[video game industry]], fans of a particular video game console manufacturer have begun exhibiting slavish devotion to their brand of choice. Conversely they hold an unreasonable amount of animosity towards the other brands which they consider to be competition. They are extremely rude to fans of the other companies or even people who don’t hail complete and utter devotion to the object of their fanaticism. These people seek out every opportunity to annoy others whose opinions differ from theirs. This trend has led to the term “fanboy” deriving a more and more negative connotation.

==History of fanboys and the term==
The term originated in [[comic book]] circles, to describe someone who immersed himself in the fictional worlds of comics and the culture of comics fandom. The term is often used in a derogatory manner by other less obsessed fans. In the songs of the fannish [[parody]] [[musician]] [[Luke Ski]], many characters proudly consider themselves ''fanboys''. The term is most commonly associated with adolescent and teen males but can be applicable to any age or sex. Common subjects of reverence by fanboys are [[TV show]]s, [[film|movie]]s, [[music]], [[anime]], [[comic books]], [[car]]s, [[video game console]]s, [[video games]], [[operating system]]s, [[MMORPG]]s, [[Computer Hardware|hardware]] and [[software]] companies.

Popular depictions of Fanboy stereotypes include the [[Comic Book Guy]] on ''[[The Simpsons]]'' and columnist [[Larry Groznic]] from the satirical newspaper ''[[The Onion]]''.

The earliest published uses of the word "fanboy" have been dated to 1982. One reference is to the cover of the "Official Underground and Newave Comix Price Guide". On this cover page are sketched overweight, overzealous comic book collectors wearing T-shirts that state "Fanboys of America," and are describing the extreme measures they would go to, including moving to San Francisco, to preserve their comics. Also published in 1982, a comic strip appeared in Jim Engel and Chuck Fiala's "Fandom Confidential" comic. In the strip, Jim and Chuck met comic artist/writer [[John Byrne]] and collapsed into "mindless paroxysms of adoration." The John Byrne character responded that they were "a couple of fanboys in bondage" which was a play on words referring to a [[List of Monty Python's Flying Circus episodes#8. Archaeology Today|Monty Python skit]] in which an Elizabethan era character reads what she claims to be "'Gayboys in Bondage' by William Shakespeare".[http://www.byrnerobotics.com/FAQ/listing.asp?ID=7&T1=Miscellaneous+Questions#154] Another early use is in a smart-alec editorial reply by "[[Ambush Bug]]" to a letter in his comic in [[1985]].

==Subjects of obsession==
Some current examples of brands and products which have fanboy supporters:
*FIAT India
*The competing video game consoles [[Xbox 360]], [[Wii]] and [[Playstation 3]].
*The competing computer hardware and software produced by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[Microsoft]], and [[Linux|GNU/Linux]]. (See also [[Operating system advocacy]]).
*The internet [[web browser]]s [[Mozilla Firefox|Firefox]], [[Internet Explorer]] and [[Opera (internet suite)|Opera]].
*The various technology companies: [[Google]], [[Sony]], [[Apple]], [[Microsoft]], [[Nintendo]].
*The [[graphics processing unit]]s produced by [[ATI Technologies|ATI]] and [[NVIDIA]].
*The [[computer]] [[microprocessor]] companies [[Advanced Micro Devices|AMD]] and [[Intel Corporation|Intel]].
*The competing [[DVD]] successor formats [[Blu-ray Disc|Blu-ray]] and [[HD DVD]].
*The competing handheld video game consoles the [[Nintendo DS]] and the [[PlayStation Portable]].
*The various [[MP3]] players, notably the [[iPod]] and the [[Zune]].
*The various [[automobile]] manufacturers, such as [[General Motors]] and [[Ford]].
*The long running [[science-fiction]] franchises [[Doctor Who]], [[Star Trek]], [[Star Wars]], [[The Matrix]], [[Godzilla]] and [[Babylon 5]].
*The Japanese style of animation and comics, also known as [[Anime]] and [[Manga]], respectively.
*The comic book brands [[DC Comics]] and [[Marvel Comics]].
*The wrestling companies [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWE]], [[Total Nonstop Action Wrestling|TNA]], [[Wrestling Society X|WSX]] and [[Ring of Honor|ROH]].
*The computer game [[Final Fantasy VII]].
*Sports teams that have large, if not bandwagon, fanbases ([[New York Yankees]], [[Boston Red Sox]], [[Chicago Cubs]], etc.)

==Media==
===Comic Book===
*[[Sergio Aragonés]]' ''Fanboy''

===Television===
*''[[The Simpsons]]'''s [[Comic Book Guy]] refers to himself as a fanboy.
*''[[Freakazoid!|Freakazoid]]'''s [[freakazoid!#Other characters|Fan Boy]]

===Radio/Podcasts===
*[[Fanboy Radio]] - [http://fanboyradio.com]
*Drooling FanBoy - [http://droolingfanboy.com]
*ifanboy - [http://www.ifanboy.com]
*[[The Fanboy Smackdown Podcast]] - [http://www.fanboysmackdown.com]
*[[The Opie and Anthony Show]] - [http://www.opieandanthony.com]

===Webcomics===
*Fanboy Almanac (webcomic) - [http://fanboyalmanac.com Fanboy Almanac]
*[http://www.ngeb.net/fanboys Fanboys web comic]
*[http://www.fogclub.net F.O.G.Club web comic]
*[http://www.fanboysonline.com Fanboys!! Beyond Geekdom!!! (webcomic)]
*[http://www.fanboys-online.com Fanboys-Online]

==See also==
* [[Addiction]]
* [[Cyberstalking]]
* [[Editor war]]
* [[Anorak (slang)|Anorak]]
* [[Astroturfing]]
* [[Otaku]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=fanboy Urban dictionary: fanboy]
* [http://www.netjak.com/review.php/1013 Dissecting the Fanboy Mind] - A discussion of the fanboy behavior in regards to video games.
* [http://palgn.com.au/article.php?id=6463 The trial of the Fanboy] - A criticism of the fanboy concept and overusage of the term.

[[Category:Fandom]]
[[Category:Anime and manga terminology]]

[[de:Fanboy]]