IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]

Template:Indian political parties

2008-12-21T16:55:20Z

122.167.89.184:

{{Navbox
| name = Indian political parties
| title = [[List of political parties in India|Political parties in India]] {{flagicon|India}}
| style = text-align:left; font-size:90%;
| group1 = National coalitions
| list1 = [[Left Front]] - [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] - [[United Progressive Alliance]]
| group2 = Recognized national parties
| list2 = [[Samajwadi Party]] - [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] - [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] - [[Communist Party of India]] - [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] - [[Indian National Congress]] - [[Nationalist Congress Party]] - [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| group3 = Recognized state parties
| list3 = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] - [[All India Forward Bloc]] - [[All India Trinamool Congress]] - [[Arunachal Congress]] - [[Asom Gana Parishad]] - [[Biju Janata Dal]] - [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation]] - [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] - [[Federal Party of Manipur]] - [[Indian Federal Democratic Party]] - [[Indian National Lok Dal]] - [[Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra]] - [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] - [[Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party]] - [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party]] - [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] - [[Janata Dal (United)]] - [[Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy]] - [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] - [[Kerala Congress]] - [[Kerala Congress (Mani)]] - [[Lok Jan Shakti Party]] - [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]] - [[Manipur People's Party]] - [[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] - [[Meghalaya Democratic Party]] - [[Mizo National Front]] - [[Mizoram People's Conference]] - [[Muslim League Kerala State Committee]] - [[Nagaland People's Front]] - [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] - [[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] - [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]] - [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] - [[Shiv Sena]] - [[Sikkim Democratic Front]] - [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] - [[Telugu Desam Party]] - [[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|United Democratic Party]] - [[United Goans Democratic Party]] - [[Uttarakhand Kranti Dal]] - [[Zoram Nationalist Party]]
| group4 = Other parties in parliament
| list4 = [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] - [[Bharatiya Navshakti Party]] - [[Loktantrik Jan Samta Party]] - [[National Loktantrik Party]] - [[Republican Party of India (Athvale)]] - [[Swatantra Bharat Paksh]]
| group5 = Other unrecognized, new-born or <br />parties with limited presence.
| list5 = [[All India Muslim Forum]]- [[Socialist Unity Centre of India]] - [[Praja Rajyam Party]]
| state = expanded
| below = [[Portal:Politics]] - [[List of political parties by country|List of political parties]] - [[Politics of India]]}}<noinclude>

[[Category:India political party templates| ]]



[[bn:Template:ভারতের রাজনৈতিক দল]]
[[ja:Template:インドの政党]]
</noinclude>

Archive:PHP and MySQL Programming/Syntax Overview

2008-09-23T11:15:49Z

122.167.157.25: /* PHP tags: */

== PHP tags: ==

=== '''<?php [code] ?>''' ===

* Enclose php code

* Can be configured in the <code>php.ini</code> to be <code><? ?></code>, <code><script language="php"> </script></code> etc.

* Embedded in normal HTML code

* Within php tags, statements are separated by a ; (generally also followed by a new line).

Example:

<source lang="php">
<?php
print "Hello World\n";
$date = date("Y-m-d H:i:s");
print "The date and time at the moment is $date";
?>
</source>

=== '''<?=''' ===

* Used if you just want to print out the value of a variable

Example:

<source lang="php">
<?php
$name = "Bobby";
?>

<?=$name?>
</source>

Which will output ''Bobby''.

Example:

<source lang="php">
<?=date("Y-m-d H:i:s")?>
</source>

Which will output something like ''2005-11-09 19:40:05''.
[[]]

== Commenting ==

==='''#'''===

* Comments out one line

* Example:
<source lang="php">
echo "Hello"; # Everything from the hash is commented out
</source>

* Example:
<source lang="php">
# This entire line is commented out
</source>

==='''//'''===

* Works just as in Java and JavaScript

* Same function as '''#'''

==='''/* (text) */'''===

* Comments out everything between the /* and the */

* Example:
<source lang="php">
/*All of this is
commented out.
Even this line!*/
</source>

== Variables ==

➢ Variables in PHP are denoted by the $ prefix.

* Example:
<source lang="php">
$a = “Hello World”; # this assigns the string “Hello World” to $a.
$b = “$a, I'm Ralfe”; # this assigns “Hello World, I'm Ralfe” to $b.
$b = $a.”, I'm Ralfe”; # exactly the same as the previous example.
</source>

➢ PHP supports dynamic variables.

* Example:
<source lang="php">
$c = “response”;

$$c = “Hello Ralfe”; # this assigns “Hello Ralfe” to $response.
</source>

➢ PHP variables do not have to be declared ahead of time, nor do they require a type
definition. PHP handles all data type conversions.

* Example:
<source lang="php">
$a = 4;

$b = 12;

print “The value of a is $a.”; # Uses a as a String.

$c = $a + $b; # $a is now used as an Integer again.
</source>

➢ PHP supports boolean variables, which can be assigned either a one or a zero, or a
true or false.

Example:
<source lang="php">
$a = true;

$b = 1; # $a and $b are the same thing!

$c = false;

$d = 0; # $c and $d are the same thing!
</source>

== Operators ==

➢ Arithmetic Operators

* Example:
<source lang="php">
$a = 4;

$b = 2;

$a + $b = 6; // Addition

$a - $b = 2; // Subtraction

$a * $b = 8; // Multiplication

$a / $b = 2; // Division

$a % $b = 0; // Modulus

$a++; // Increment

$a--; // Decrement
</source>

➢ Assignment Operators

* Example:
<source lang="php">
$a = 4;

$b = $a;

// $b = 4;
</source>

➢ Comparison Operators

* Example:
<source lang="php">
$a == $b // test if two values are equal

$a != $b // test if two values are not equal

$a < $b // test if the first value is less than the second

$a > $b // test if the first value is greater than the second

$a <= $b // test if the first value is less than or equal to the second

$a >= $b // test if the first value is greater than or equal to the second
</source>

== Concatenation ==

* Example:
<source lang="php">
$a = "Fill the halls ";

$b = "with poisoned ivy...";

$c = $a . $b; # the '.' operator concatenates two variables.

// $c = "Fill the halls with poisoned ivy...";
</source>

== Arrays ==

PHP supports both numerically indexed arrays as well as associative arrays.

* Example:
<source lang="php">
$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4);

// $a[0] = 1;

// $a[1] = 2;

// $a[2] = 3;

// $a[3] = 4;

$b = array("name" => "Fred", "age" => 30);

// $b['name'] = "Fred";

// $b['age'] = 30;
</source>

== Decision and Loop Statements ==

'''IF THEN ELSE statement'''

* Example:
<source lang="php">
$a = 1;
$b = 10;

if ($a > $b) {
echo "a is greater than b";
}
else if ($a == $b) {
echo "a is equal to b";
}
else {
echo "a is not greater than b";
}

// OUTPUT:
// a is not greater than b
</source>

'''SWITCH statement'''

* Example:
<source lang="php">
$a = 100;

switch($a) {
case(10):
echo "The value is 10";
break;

case(100):
echo "The value is 100";
break;

case(1000):
echo "The value is 1000";
break;

default:
echo "Are you sure you entered in a valid number?";
}

// OUTPUT:
// The value is 100
</source>

'''FOR statement'''

* Example:
<source lang="php">
for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
# initialize $i ; while condition ; increment statement
echo $i;
}

// OUTPUT:
// 0123456789
</source>

'''FOREACH statement'''

* Example:
<source lang="php">
$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);

foreach ($a as $val){
echo $val;
}

// OUTPUT:
// 12345
</source>

'''WHILE statement'''

* Example:
<source lang="php">
while ($row = mysql_fetch_row($result)){
print $row[0];
}
</source>

'''DO WHILE statement'''

* Example:
<source lang="php">
$i = 0;
# Note that it might seem that $i will
do{
# never be printed to the screen, but
print $i;
# a DO WHILE loop always executes at
} while ($i >0);
# least once!
</source>

== Functions ==

* Example:
<source lang="php">
function square_number($number) {
return ($number * $number);
}

$answer = square_number(10);
echo "The answer is {$answer}";

// OUTPUT:
// The answer is 100
</source>

== Classes ==

* Example:
<source lang="php">
class dog {
var $name;

function dog($name){
$this->name = $name;
}

function bark(){
echo "Woof! Woof!";
}

function who_am_i() {
echo "My name is {$this->name}, and I am a dog";
}
}

$the_dog = new dog("John");
$the_dog->who_am_i();

// OUTPUT:
// My name is John, and I am a dog
</source>

[[../Introduction to PHP/|Previous: Introduction to PHP]] | [[../|TOC]] | [[../File Handling/|Next: File Handling]]

[[Category:PHP and MySQL Programming|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]

Stellar evolution

2008-06-30T06:35:49Z

122.167.15.188: /* Materials required */

[[Image:NGC6543.jpg|thumb|The [[w:Cat's Eye Nebula|Cat's Eye Nebula]], a [[w:planetary nebula|planetary nebula]] formed by the death of a star with about the same mass as the sun]]

==Introduction==

How do stars form, how do they burn for so long and how do they die? This lesson aims to explain the entire process of a star's evolution from formation to its sometimes violent death.

Stellar evolution can be described as the birth, life, and death of a star. A period that can last from ten billion to a few hundred billion years depending on its size. Our Sun is about 4.5 billion years old and should last us another six billion years, making our Sun an average star amongst the bounty and variety of stellar masses in our galaxy, the Milkyway.
Throughout a star's life, the star fiercely consumes its hydrogen through the process of nuclear fusion in its core, creating new and heavier elements until the star has exhausted all of its fuel. The end of a star's life again depends on the star's size; for example, our sun will most likely become a red giant and then slowly shrink for another few million years and become a dark cinder called a brown dwarf. Yet other stars with much larger masses, of about ten times that of our Sun's, have an increased chance that they may burst and eject all of their stellar material into the surrounding space leaving behind a super-dense object called a neutron star.

Students should have a good grasp of classical physics and calculus.

Structure of the course:

*'''Initial Conditions'''
**Collapsing Gas Clouds
**The Virial Theorem
**Jeans Mass
**Kelvin-Helmholz Contraction

*'''Nuclear Fusion in Stars'''
**The proton-proton chain

Students will understand the following:
1.The stages of evolution a star goes through are determined by the size of the star.

==Materials required==

For this lesson, you will need:

Research materials about stars and the evolution of stars
<sub><sub>Subscript text</sub>[[Media:Example.ogg]]</sub>

==Lesson==
#Review what you have learned about stars so far. In the course of discussion, determine how much you know about star evolution.
#Do you fully understand the terms red giant, white dwarf, neutron star, supernova, and black hole? If not, become acquainted with the terms and understand how they relate to the evolution of stars of different sizes.
#Before continuing the activity, you should understand the following three facts:
##A star the size of our sun will burn steadily for 10 billion years, then expand to a red giant, and finally collapse into a white dwarf about the size of Earth.
##A star three or four times the sun’s mass will burn steadily for a shorter time, then expand into a red giant, and finally collapse, ending up as a neutron star—a super-dense star about the size of a large city.
##A star 50 times the sun’s mass will burn for an even shorter time and may blow up as a supernova before collapsing and eventually shrinking to infinity, becoming a black hole.
#Divide into three groups, each group should focus on one of the three types of stars just mentioned: a star the size of our sun, a star three or four times the sun’s mass, and a star 50 times the sun’s mass.
#Each student should use her or his prior knowledge and information from research to draw a carefully labeled set of diagrams illustrating the stages in the evolution of the type of star assigned to them.
#Display students’ diagrams below so that the class can use them to compare the stages of evolution of the three different types of stars.

Draw a set of diagrams for all three types of stars.

Example diagram:
[[w:Image:Sun Life.png]]

==Discussion Questions==

#Discuss why some scientists were uneasy about the idea of an expanding universe?
#Astronomer Wendy Freedman's observations of Cepheid variable stars in another galaxy indicated that the age of the universe is about eight-twelve billion years. Why did her discovery cause such a debate among astronomers? What elements of her discovery still lend themselves to argument?
#What do scientists learn by observing parts of the universe in other than the visible parts of the spectrum?
#What materials are believed to compose dark matter, and what can we learn about the universe by examining it?

==Evaluation==

Evaluations of the diagrams are as follows:

Three points: diagrams carefully prepared; labels clear and correct; diagrams accurately illustrate the star’s stages of evolution

Two points: diagrams adequately prepared; some labels unclear or incorrect; diagrams accurately illustrate the star’s stages of evolution

One point: diagrams carelessly prepared; labels unclear and/or incorrect; diagrams reflect some inaccurate information about the star’s stages of evolution

Students can contribute to the assessment by determining how many diagrams will be required to illustrate the stages of evolution for each type of star.

==Extra==
*Cepheid variables, supernovae, dark matter, cosmic background radiation, black holes, red shift.

==Readings==
*[[w:Astronomy]]
**[[w:Star]]
***[[w:Stellar evolution]]
etc...

[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Learning activities]]

Website content writer

2008-02-19T08:02:16Z

122.167.9.181: /* External links */

{{unreferenced|date=October 2007}}

A '''website content writer''' is a person who specializes in providing relevant text content to [[websites]]. Their expertise lies in adapting themselves to whatever particular website demands of them to compose. Most of their work centers on [[marketing]] particular product or service that sites are [[selling]] or endorsing.

== Functions of content writers ==

There is a growing demand for content writers in the net because good content often translates into [[revenues]] for online businesses. [[Online]] entrepreneurs/owners depend on these writers for two major issues:

* Content that would entice and engage visitors, so they stay browsing in the owner’s [[website]]. This operates on the premise that [[visitors]] who stay longer surfing a particular site [which offer some sort of product/service] will eventually become clients/ [[customers]].
* Content that is keyword smart, meaning composition must contain relevant keywords/phrases [typed by users for searching] associated with the actual site for better [[Search Engine]] indexing and ranking.

Additionally to these are user readability, usability, together with being up-to-date so that the [[company]] represented in the site conveys a sense of awareness on what is current and new to the [[industry]] in which they are operating.

== Online writers vs. conventional writers ==

Writing online is very different from composing /constructing content for printed materials, since surfers tend to scan instead of read in the [[internet]]. Skipping what they think is unnecessary [[information]] and hunting for what they really want.
Content writers must have the skills needed not only to stuff paragraphs with keywords for [[Search Engine Optimization]] purposes, but make sure their composition makes sense so they will be able to tap their [[target market]].

== Writers for hire ==

In today’s world where an [[Internet]] presence is often critical to [[business]] survival, there are a variety of content writers out there that offer every company owner a chance to upgrade their [[sites]]. From freelancers to those who professionally engage in this kind of service, the net is filled with services offering this kind of [[expertise]]. Online writers need to conceptualize an idea in terms of the demands of search engine and as per the requirements of clients.

==Hiring the right content writer==

Since website content writers in the net are numerous, one must take into consideration several criteria in hiring the person for the job. This includes:

* Relevant experiences in website content writing
* Very good writing [[skills]]
* Savvy [[research]] skills
* [[Flexibility]] adaptability and availability

There are many [[Information technology|IT]] companies that offer professional website content writing services. It is important that business owners find the writer that suit their company and personal style.

== Content writing and off shore staffing ==

Website content writing [[Service (economics)|service]] is one of the most productive services being [[outsourced]] nowadays. Web owners are finding it more and more profitable to hire off shore staff that professionally update their sites. Advantages include highly [[skilled]] professionals pre-screened to suit the client’s needs at [[cost]] effective and efficient terms.

==External links==
* [http://www.pibusinessresearch.com/website_content.aspx Website Content Development]
* [http://www.dorightmarketing.com/resources/resources.htm Resources for Website Content Writing]

[[Category:Web design]]

[[Category:Writing occupations]]
[[Category:Computer and mathematical occupations]]

University of Delhi

2007-04-13T13:41:59Z

122.167.153.45: /* External links */

{{Infobox University
|name = University of Delhi
|image= [[Image:Delhiuniversity.jpg|Delhi University Logo]]
|motto = निष्ठा धति: सत्यम्
|established = [[1921]]
|type = [[Public school|Public]]
|free_label = Vice Chancellor
|free = Deepak Pental
|city = [[Delhi]]
|country = [[India]]
|campus = [[urban area|Urban]]
|website= [http://www.du.ac.in www.du.ac.in]
}}

The '''University of Delhi''' is a [[university]] in [[India]]. Established in [[1922]], it is the premier university of the country and is known for its high standards in teaching and research. It offers courses at the Undergraduate and Post Graduate levels in most subjects. With the number of students exceeding 300,000, it is among the largest universities in the world.

The [[Vice-President of India]] is the Chancellor of the University of Delhi. The University has a history of Nobel Prize winners as its alumni and faculty. It is especially known for its faculties in Science, Economics, English and [[Hindustani]] Classical Music.

==Faculties==
# [[Arts]]
# [[Ayurvedic]] & Unani Medicine
# Commerce & Business Studies
# Education
# Int. Disp. & Applied Sciences
# [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi|Law]]
# Main University
# [[FMS Delhi]] - Management Studies
# Mathematical [[Sciences]]
# [[Medical]] Sciences
# [[Music]] & [[Fine Arts]]
# [[Science]]
# [[Social Sciences]]
# [[Technology]]
# [[Undergraduate]] Courses

==Faculty of Science==
# [[School of Environmental Studies]]
# [[Department of Physics and Astrophysics]]
# [[Botany Department]]
# [[Zoology Department]]
# [[Chemistry Department]]
# [[Anthropology Department]]
# [[Geology Department]]

==Colleges under the University of Delhi==
*[[Acharya Narendra Dev College]]
*[[Aditi Mahavidyalaya]]
*[[Ahilyabai College of Nursing]]
*[[Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy]]
*[[Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College]]
*[[Ayurvedic & Unani Tibbia College]]
*[[Bhagini Nivedita College]]
*[[Bharati College]]
*[[Bhaskraycharya College of Applied Sciences]]
*[[Bhim Rao Ambedkar College]]
*[[College of Arts]]
*[[College of Pharmacy]]
*[[College of Vocational Studies]]
*[[Daulat Ram College]]
*[[Deen Dayal Upadhayay College]]
*[[Delhi College of Arts & Commerce]]
*[[Delhi College of Engineering]]
*[[Delhi School of Economics]]
*[[Deshbandhu College]]
*Deshbandhu College (Evening)
*[[Dyal Singh College]]
*Dyal Singh College (Evening)
*[[Faculty of Management Studies]]
*[[Gargi College]]
*[[Hans Raj College]]
*[[Hindu College]]
*[[Indira Gandhi Instt.of Phy. Edu. & Sports Sciences]]
*[[Indraprastha College for Women]]
*[[Institute of Home Economics]]
*[[Institute of Physically Handicapped]]
*[[Janki Devi Memorial College]]
*[[Jesus & Mary College]][http://jmcdelhi.com/]
*[[Kalindi College]]
*[[Kamala Nehru College]]
*[[Keshav Mahavidyalaya]]
*[[Kirori Mal College]]
*[[Lady Harding Medical College]]
*[[Lady Irwin College]]
*[[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]]
*[[Lakshmi Bai College]]
*[[Maharaja Agrasen College]] [http://www.macdu.com MAC]
*[[Maharishi Valmiki College of Education]]
*[[Maitreyi College]]
*[[Mata Sundri College for Women]]
*[[Maulana Azad Medical College]]
*[[Miranda House]]
*[[Moti Lal Nehru College]]
*Moti Lal Nehru College (Evening)
*[[Nehru Homeopathic College]]
*[[Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology]]
*[[P.G.D.A.V. College]]
*P.G.D.A.V. College (Evening)
*[[Rajdhani College]]
*[[Rajkumari Amrit Kaur College of Nursing]]
*[[Ram Lal Anand College]]
*Ram Lal Anand College (Evening)
*[[Ramjas College]]
*[[S.G.T.B. Khalsa College]]
*S.G.T.B. Khalsa College (Evening)
*[[Satyawati College]]
*Satyawati College (Evening)
*[[School of Correspondence Courses & Cont. Edu.]]
*[[Shaheed Bhagat Singh College]]
*Shaheed Bhagat Singh College (Evening)
*[[Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women]] [http://www.rajgurucollege.org]
*[[Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies]]
*[[Sherubtse College]]
*[[Shivaji College]]
*[[Shri Ram College of Commerce]]
*[[Shyam Lal College]]
*Shyam Lal College (Evening)
*[[Shyama Prasad Mukherjee College]]
*[[Sri Aurbindo College]]
*Sri Aurbindo College (Evening)
*[[Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce]]
*[[Sri Venkateswara College]]
*[[St. Stephen's College]]
*[[Swami Shraddhanand College]]
*[[University College of Medical Sciences]] http://ucms.co.in/
*[[Vivekanand College]]
*[[Zakir Husain College]]
*Zakir Husain College (Evening)

==Former Vice Chancellors==

#Dr. Moonis Raza
#Prof Singh
#Prof. Saroop Singh

==External links==
*[http://www.du.ac.in/ Official Website]
*[http://www.fms.edu/ Faculty of Management Studies]
*[http://cs.du.ac.in/ Department of Computer Science]
*[http://www.du.ac.in/exam.html Examinations and Syllabus]
*[http://www.delhi-university.in Delhi University Admissions]
*[http://www.delhi-university.in/mboard.php Admissions 2006 Special Helpline set up by Delhi University Alumni dedicated to Admission related queries]
*[http://www.educationindiainfo.com Education India]

[[Category:Central Universities in India|Delhi]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Delhi]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1922]]

{{India-university-stub}}

[[de:University of Delhi]]