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Archive:Payment Methods for International Transactions/Comparing Methods of Payment and Risk

2009-01-16T15:47:16Z

125.16.95.11: /* Comparing Methods of Payment and Risk */

Archive:Payment Methods for International Transactions/Comparing Methods of Payment and Risk

2009-01-16T15:47:00Z

125.16.95.11: /* Comparing Methods of Payment and Risk */

{{TF3.4}}

==Comparing Methods of Payment and Risk==
The following chart offers a comparison from lowest to highest risk to an exporter/seller and importer/buyer (permission to use image, granted by Wm Hindon, VP, JP Morgan, 2004). The following chart lists the methods of payment discussed in the prior section in risk order to both the exporter (seller) and importer (buyer).

[[Image:Chart Unit 3.4.jpg]]

On the left side of the chart, you see the risk evaluation of the methods of payment from the perspective of an exporter or seller. For example, selling products or services on a “cash in advance” basis has a low uncertainty” or “low risk” to the seller because “cash” or funds are made available to the seller prior to the sale. A letter of credit, next on the “level of certainty/uncertainty” scale, is also a sound method of payment, although there could be discrepancies in the documents that could possibly affect payment. The same applies to the documentary collections. When “open account,” the last item on the list, is considered as to an exporter’s certainty/uncertainty of payment, the international manager should understand that by agreeing to “open account” (selling on net 30-day payment terms) there is a risk element of when and if payment will be made.

On the right side of the chart, you can see the level of uncertainty in terms of payment made by the importer or buyer. For example, if the importer (buyer) pays “cash in advance” for a product or service, the “uncertainty” is that money is paid before the product/service is available. What if there is a quality problem or delay in receiving the product or service which has already been paid for by the buyer? The buyer has no recourse. At the other end of the scale, the buyer has a low level of “uncertainty” if he/she has been “given” open account (30 days to pay) for product or service that has been delivered. The buyer has the product/service but has not yet paid for the invoice.

<div style="float:right;">[[Payment Methods for International Transactions/Methods of Payment|Prev]] | [[Payment Methods for International Transactions/Summary|Next]]
[[Category:International Business]]

Archive:Payment Methods for International Transactions/Comparing Methods of Payment and Risk

2009-01-16T15:46:39Z

125.16.95.11: /* Comparing Methods of Payment and Risk */

{{TF3.4}}

==Comparing Methods of Payment and Risk==
The following chart offers a comparison from lowest to highest risk to an exporter/seller and importer/buyer (permission to use image, granted by Wm Hindon, VP, JP Morgan, 2004). The following chart lists the methods of payment discussed in the prior section in risk order to both the exporter (seller) and importer (buyer)..

[[Image:Chart Unit 3.4.jpg]]

On the left side of the chart, you see the risk evaluation of the methods of payment from the perspective of an exporter or seller. For example, selling products or services on a “cash in advance” basis has a low uncertainty” or “low risk” to the seller because “cash” or funds are made available to the seller prior to the sale. A letter of credit, next on the “level of certainty/uncertainty” scale, is also a sound method of payment, although there could be discrepancies in the documents that could possibly affect payment. The same applies to the documentary collections. When “open account,” the last item on the list, is considered as to an exporter’s certainty/uncertainty of payment, the international manager should understand that by agreeing to “open account” (selling on net 30-day payment terms) there is a risk element of when and if payment will be made.

On the right side of the chart, you can see the level of uncertainty in terms of payment made by the importer or buyer. For example, if the importer (buyer) pays “cash in advance” for a product or service, the “uncertainty” is that money is paid before the product/service is available. What if there is a quality problem or delay in receiving the product or service which has already been paid for by the buyer? The buyer has no recourse. At the other end of the scale, the buyer has a low level of “uncertainty” if he/she has been “given” open account (30 days to pay) for product or service that has been delivered. The buyer has the product/service but has not yet paid for the invoice.

<div style="float:right;">[[Payment Methods for International Transactions/Methods of Payment|Prev]] | [[Payment Methods for International Transactions/Summary|Next]]
[[Category:International Business]]

St. John's College, Agra

2008-12-09T11:49:50Z

125.16.146.145:

'''St. John's College''', Agra is a reputed college of [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], established in 1850, now part of the [[Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University]], earlier known as [[Agra University]].

==History==
St. John's College, Agra was established in 1850 by the [[Church Missionary Society]] (CMS) of England. along with Agra C.M.S. Association, and its first principal was Rev. [[Thomas Valpy French]] (1825-1891), a fellow of [[University College, Oxford]] <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9000269/Thomas-Valpy-French Thomas Valpy French] [[Britannica.com]].</ref> <ref>[http://www.stjohnsagra.org/The%20Institute.htm History]</ref>.

During 1862 to 1888, the college was affiliated with [[Calcutta University]] and till 1927, with [[Allahabad University]]. In 1927, when Agra University came into existence, it became affiliated with [[Agra University]] (now known as [[Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University]]).

Since 1893, this college is offering post-graduate courses and it is one of the oldest colleges in India to do so. The current Principal of the college is Professor (Dr) F.M.Prasad, an eminent Scientist and Educationist.

==Academics==
St. John's offers undergraduate and post graduate degrees in:
*English
*History
*Political science
*Economics
*Psychology
*Geography
*Hindi
*Sanskrit
*Urdu
*Business Administration
*Accounts & Law
*Business Economics
*Physics
*Chemistry
*Mathematics
*Statistics
*Zoology
*Botany.

St. John's offers one Ph.D. in Science and Commerce. Additionally, students can take vocational courses in: Foreign Trade, Advertising and Sales Promotion, Insurance, Computer Science, Demography, Yoga Psychology & Mental Health and Communicative English. The college also runs a study centre of [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]].

== Alumni==
* [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]: Former Indian President.
* [[Rangeya Raghav]] (1923-1962):[[Hindi language|Hindi]] writer.
* [[Shilendra Kumar Singh]], [[Governor of Rajasthan]]
* [[Babu Gulabrai]], eminent Hindi writer and philosopher
* Ajay Veer Singh, Advocate in the Supreme Court of India, New Delhi.
* Kinshuk Gupta, Chartered Accountant
* Abhishek Sachan,software engg.
* [[Gaurav Gupta]], Equity Research Analyst.
* [[Anuj Lavania]], Pricing Analyst.

==Further reading==
* St. John's College, Agra (1850-1930), J P Haythornthwaite, (revised and completed by T D Sully Highway), 1932.
Famous President of St . John's College, Agra
1. (1980) MR . Cyril Charles
2. (1952) MR . Samuel Charles

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://www.stjohnsagra.org/ St. John's College, Agra; Official website]
* [http://stjohnscollegeagra.com/ St. John's College, Agra website]

[[Category:Agra]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Education in Agra]]