https://ideawaza.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=130.83.77.1 2026-09-29T23:32:07Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.46.0 https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=About_engineering_geology&diff=59813 2006-09-05T10:13:33Z

<p>130.83.77.1: other languages: German</p> <hr /> <div>'''Engineering Geology''' is the application of the science of [[geology]] to the understanding of [[geologic]] phenomena and the engineering solution of [[geologic hazards]] and other geologic problems for society. Engineering geologic studies may be performed during the planning, [[environmental impact analysis]], [[civil engineering]] [[design]], [[value engineering]] and construction phases of public and private works projects, and during post-construction and [[forensic]] phases of projects. Engineering geologic studies are performed by a [[geologist]] or [[engineering geologist]] educated, professionally trained and skilled at the recognition and analysis of [[geologic hazards]] and adverse geologic conditions. Their overall objective is the protection of people and property against damage and the solution of geologic problems. <br /> <br /> Engineering geologic studies may be performed <br /> *for residential, commercial and industrial developments; <br /> *for governmental and [[military]] installations; <br /> *for public works such as a [[power plant]], [[wind turbine]], [[transmission line]], [[sewage treatment]] plant, [[water treatment]] plant, [[Pipeline_transport|pipeline]] ([[aqueduct]], [[sewer]], [[outfall]]), [[tunnel]], [[trenchless]] construction, [[canal]], [[dam]], [[reservoir (water)|reservoir]], building, [[railroad]], [[transit]], [[highway]], [[bridge]], [[seismic retrofit]], [[airport]] and park; <br /> *for [[Mining|mine]] and [[quarry]] excavations, [[mine tailing dam]], [[mine reclamation]] and mine [[tunneling]]; <br /> *for [[wetland]] and [[habitat restoration]] programs; <br /> *for [[coastal]] engineering, [[sand replenishment]], [[bluff]] or [[sea cliff]] stability, [[harbor]], [[pier]] and waterfront development; <br /> *for offshore [[outfall]], [[drilling platform]] and [[sub-sea pipeline]], sub-sea cable; and<br /> *for other types of facilities.<br /> <br /> It is important to keep in mind that in [[engineering geology]], there are only two important types of [[Rock (geology)|rock]]: those which can be moved by a [[bulldozer]], and those which require [[dynamite]].<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Geologic Hazards==<br /> Typical [[geologic hazards]] evaluated by an [[engineering geologist]] include <br /> *[[fault rupture]] on seismically active [[faults]] ;<br /> *[[seismic]] and [[earthquake]] hazards (ground shaking, [[liquefaction]], [[lurching]],[[lateral spreading]], [[tsunami]] and [[seiche]] events);<br /> *[[landslide]], [[mudflow]], [[rock fall]] and [[avalanche]] hazards ;<br /> *[[unstable slopes]] and [[slope stability]];<br /> *[[erosion]];<br /> *[[slaking]] and [[heave]] of geologic formations; <br /> *ground [[subsidence]] (such as due to [[ground water]] withdrawal, [[sinkhole]] collapse, [[cave]] collapse, decomposition of organic soils, and [[tectonic]] movement); <br /> *[[volcanic]] hazards ([[volcanic eruption]]s, [[hot springs]], [[pyroclastic flows]], [[debris flows]], [[debris avalanche]], [[gas emissions]], volcanic [[earthquakes]]); <br /> *collapsible soils;<br /> *shallow ground water/seepage; and<br /> *other types of geologic constraints. <br /> <br /> An engineering geologist or [[geophysicist]] may be called upon to evaluate the [[excavatability]] (i.e. [[rippability]]) of earth (rock) materials to assess the need for pre-[[blasting]] during earthwork construction, as well as associated impacts due to [[oscillation|vibration]] during blasting on projects.<br /> <br /> =='''Methods and Reporting'''==<br /> <br /> The methods used by [[engineering geologist]]s in their studies include <br /> *geologic field [[mapping]] of geologic structures, geologic formations, soil units and hazards; <br /> *the review of geologic literature, geologic maps, geotechnical reports, engineering plans, environmental reports, stereoscopic [[aerial photograph]]s, remote sensing data, [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) data, topographic maps and [[satellite]] imagery; <br /> *the excavation, sampling and logging of earth/rock materials in drilled borings, backhoe test pits and trenches, fault trenching, and bulldozer pits; <br /> *[[geophysical]] surveys (such as [[seismic refraction]] traverses, [[resistivity]] surveys, [[ground penetrating radar]] (GPR) surveys, [[magnetometer]] surveys, [[electromagnetic]] surveys, high-resolution sub-bottom profiling, and other geophysical methods); and <br /> *other methods. <br /> The field work is typically culminated in analysis of the data and the preparation of an engineering geologic report, fault hazard or seismic hazard report, geophysical report, [[ground water]] resource report or [[hydrogeology|hydrogeologic]] report. The engineering geologic report is often prepared in conjunction with a [[geotechnical engineering]] report by a geotechnical engineer. The report describes the objectives, methodology, references cited, tests performed, findings and recommendations. Engineering geologists provide geologic data on topograpic maps, aerial photographs, geologic maps, [[Geographic_information_system|Geographic Information System]] (GIS) maps, or other map bases.<br /> <br /> =='''See also'''==<br /> * [[List of publications in geology#Engineering geology| Important publications in engineering geology]]<br /> * [http://www.geotechnicaldirectory.com Geotechnical Engineering Directory]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Geology]]<br /> [[Category:Engineering]]<br /> <br /> [[de:Ingenieurgeologie]]<br /> [[pt:Geologia de engenharia]]<br /> [[it:Geologia Applicata]]<br /> [[pl:Geologia inżynierska]]</div>

130.83.77.1 https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Engineering_geology&diff=59696 2006-09-05T10:13:33Z

<p>130.83.77.1: other languages: German</p> <hr /> <div>'''Engineering Geology''' is the application of the science of [[geology]] to the understanding of [[geologic]] phenomena and the engineering solution of [[geologic hazards]] and other geologic problems for society. Engineering geologic studies may be performed during the planning, [[environmental impact analysis]], [[civil engineering]] [[design]], [[value engineering]] and construction phases of public and private works projects, and during post-construction and [[forensic]] phases of projects. Engineering geologic studies are performed by a [[geologist]] or [[engineering geologist]] educated, professionally trained and skilled at the recognition and analysis of [[geologic hazards]] and adverse geologic conditions. Their overall objective is the protection of people and property against damage and the solution of geologic problems. <br /> <br /> Engineering geologic studies may be performed <br /> *for residential, commercial and industrial developments; <br /> *for governmental and [[military]] installations; <br /> *for public works such as a [[power plant]], [[wind turbine]], [[transmission line]], [[sewage treatment]] plant, [[water treatment]] plant, [[Pipeline_transport|pipeline]] ([[aqueduct]], [[sewer]], [[outfall]]), [[tunnel]], [[trenchless]] construction, [[canal]], [[dam]], [[reservoir (water)|reservoir]], building, [[railroad]], [[transit]], [[highway]], [[bridge]], [[seismic retrofit]], [[airport]] and park; <br /> *for [[Mining|mine]] and [[quarry]] excavations, [[mine tailing dam]], [[mine reclamation]] and mine [[tunneling]]; <br /> *for [[wetland]] and [[habitat restoration]] programs; <br /> *for [[coastal]] engineering, [[sand replenishment]], [[bluff]] or [[sea cliff]] stability, [[harbor]], [[pier]] and waterfront development; <br /> *for offshore [[outfall]], [[drilling platform]] and [[sub-sea pipeline]], sub-sea cable; and<br /> *for other types of facilities.<br /> <br /> It is important to keep in mind that in [[engineering geology]], there are only two important types of [[Rock (geology)|rock]]: those which can be moved by a [[bulldozer]], and those which require [[dynamite]].<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Geologic Hazards==<br /> Typical [[geologic hazards]] evaluated by an [[engineering geologist]] include <br /> *[[fault rupture]] on seismically active [[faults]] ;<br /> *[[seismic]] and [[earthquake]] hazards (ground shaking, [[liquefaction]], [[lurching]],[[lateral spreading]], [[tsunami]] and [[seiche]] events);<br /> *[[landslide]], [[mudflow]], [[rock fall]] and [[avalanche]] hazards ;<br /> *[[unstable slopes]] and [[slope stability]];<br /> *[[erosion]];<br /> *[[slaking]] and [[heave]] of geologic formations; <br /> *ground [[subsidence]] (such as due to [[ground water]] withdrawal, [[sinkhole]] collapse, [[cave]] collapse, decomposition of organic soils, and [[tectonic]] movement); <br /> *[[volcanic]] hazards ([[volcanic eruption]]s, [[hot springs]], [[pyroclastic flows]], [[debris flows]], [[debris avalanche]], [[gas emissions]], volcanic [[earthquakes]]); <br /> *collapsible soils;<br /> *shallow ground water/seepage; and<br /> *other types of geologic constraints. <br /> <br /> An engineering geologist or [[geophysicist]] may be called upon to evaluate the [[excavatability]] (i.e. [[rippability]]) of earth (rock) materials to assess the need for pre-[[blasting]] during earthwork construction, as well as associated impacts due to [[oscillation|vibration]] during blasting on projects.<br /> <br /> =='''Methods and Reporting'''==<br /> <br /> The methods used by [[engineering geologist]]s in their studies include <br /> *geologic field [[mapping]] of geologic structures, geologic formations, soil units and hazards; <br /> *the review of geologic literature, geologic maps, geotechnical reports, engineering plans, environmental reports, stereoscopic [[aerial photograph]]s, remote sensing data, [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) data, topographic maps and [[satellite]] imagery; <br /> *the excavation, sampling and logging of earth/rock materials in drilled borings, backhoe test pits and trenches, fault trenching, and bulldozer pits; <br /> *[[geophysical]] surveys (such as [[seismic refraction]] traverses, [[resistivity]] surveys, [[ground penetrating radar]] (GPR) surveys, [[magnetometer]] surveys, [[electromagnetic]] surveys, high-resolution sub-bottom profiling, and other geophysical methods); and <br /> *other methods. <br /> The field work is typically culminated in analysis of the data and the preparation of an engineering geologic report, fault hazard or seismic hazard report, geophysical report, [[ground water]] resource report or [[hydrogeology|hydrogeologic]] report. The engineering geologic report is often prepared in conjunction with a [[geotechnical engineering]] report by a geotechnical engineer. The report describes the objectives, methodology, references cited, tests performed, findings and recommendations. Engineering geologists provide geologic data on topograpic maps, aerial photographs, geologic maps, [[Geographic_information_system|Geographic Information System]] (GIS) maps, or other map bases.<br /> <br /> =='''See also'''==<br /> * [[List of publications in geology#Engineering geology| Important publications in engineering geology]]<br /> * [http://www.geotechnicaldirectory.com Geotechnical Engineering Directory]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Geology]]<br /> [[Category:Engineering]]<br /> <br /> [[de:Ingenieurgeologie]]<br /> [[pt:Geologia de engenharia]]<br /> [[it:Geologia Applicata]]<br /> [[pl:Geologia inżynierska]]</div>

130.83.77.1