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		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=List_of_computer_vision_conferences&amp;diff=41522</id>
		<title>List of computer vision conferences</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=List_of_computer_vision_conferences&amp;diff=41522"/>
		<updated>2009-01-13T15:19:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;131.220.154.154: /* Computer vision conferences */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is a list of the most prominent conferences within the field of [[Computer vision]], [[Pattern recognition]] and to some extent [[image processing]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Computer vision conferences ==&lt;br /&gt;
* IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)&lt;br /&gt;
** ICCV 2011 Barcelona, Spain.&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.iccv2009.org/ ICCV 2009 Kyoto], Japan. &lt;br /&gt;
** [http://iccv2007.rutgers.edu/ ICCV 2007 Rio de Janeiro], Brazil. October 14-21&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://research.microsoft.com/iccv2005/ ICCV 2005 Beijing], China. October 15-21&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://lear.inrialpes.fr/people/triggs/events/iccv03/ ICCV 2003 Nice], France. October 13-16&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cs.ubc.ca/conferences/ICCV/ ICCV 2001 Vancouver], Canada. July 9-12&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cs.toronto.edu/iccv99/ ICCV 1999, Kerkyra (Corfu)], Greece. September 20-25&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/users/lsd/iccv/ ICCV 1998, Bombay], India. January 4-7&lt;br /&gt;
** ICCV 1995, Boston, MA, USA. June 20-23, 1995&lt;br /&gt;
** ICCV 1993, Berlin, Germany&lt;br /&gt;
** ICCV 1990, Osaka, Japan&lt;br /&gt;
** ICCV 1988, Florida, USA&lt;br /&gt;
** ICCV 1987, London, UK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)&lt;br /&gt;
** ECCV 2012 Florence, Italy. TBA&lt;br /&gt;
** ECCV 2010 Heraklion, Crete. September&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://eccv2008.inrialpes.fr/ ECCV 2008 Marseille], France. October 12 - 18&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://eccv2006.tugraz.at/ ECCV 2006 Graz], Austria. May 7 - 13&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://cmp.felk.cvut.cz/eccv2004/ ECCV 2004 Prague], Czech Republic. May 11-14&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.itu.dk/events/eccv02/ ECCV 2002 Copenhagen], Denmark. May 27 - June 2.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV)&lt;br /&gt;
** ACCV 2009 Xian, China. &lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.am.sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp/ACCV2007/ ACCV 2007 Tokyo], Japan. November 18-22&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.iiit.ac.in/ACCV2006/ ACCV 2006 Hyderabad], India. January 13-16&lt;br /&gt;
** ACCV 2004, Korea&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://batman.eng.monash.edu.au/accv_2002/accv_2002.htm ACCV 2002 Melbourne], Australia. January 22-25&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* IEEE Pacific-Rim Symposium on Image and Video Technology (PSIVT)&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.psivt.org/ PSIVT 2009 Tokyo], Japan, January 13-16&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.psivt.org/ PSIVT 2007 Santiago], Chile, December 17-19&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://psivt2006.ee.nthu.edu.tw/ PSIVT 2006 Hsinchu], Taiwan, December 11-13&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cvpr.org/ CVPR] main homepage&lt;br /&gt;
** CVPR 2010 San Francisco, USA.&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cvpr2009.org/ CVPR 2009 Miami], USA. June&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cvpr.org/2008/ CVPR 2008 Anchorage], USA. June 24-26&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cvpr.org/2007/ CVPR 2007 Minneapolis], USA. June 18-23&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cvpr.org/2006/ CVPR 2006 New York], USA. June 17-22&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cs.duke.edu/cvpr2005/ CVPR 2005 San Diego], USA. June 20-25&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://cvl.umiacs.umd.edu/conferences/cvpr2004/ CVPR 2004 Washington DC], USA. June 27-July 2&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cs.toronto.edu/cvpr2003/ CVPR 2003 Madison], USA June 16-22&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://vision.cse.psu.edu/cvpr2001/ CVPR 2001 Kauai], USA Dec 9-14&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://cvpr2000.cs.uiuc.edu/ CVPR 2000 Hilton Head], USA June 13-15&lt;br /&gt;
** CVPR 1999 Ft. Collins, USA June June 23-25&lt;br /&gt;
** CVPR 1998 Santa Barbara, USA June June 23-25&lt;br /&gt;
** CVPR 1997 San Juan, Puerto Rico, June 17-19&lt;br /&gt;
** CVPR 1996 San Francisco, CA, USA June 18-20&lt;br /&gt;
** CVPR 1994 Seattle, WA, USA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* International Conference on Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (EMMCVPR)&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.emmcvpr.org/ EMMCVPR] main homepage&lt;br /&gt;
** EMMCVPR 2009 Bonn, Germany. August 24-27&lt;br /&gt;
** EMMCVPR 2007 Ezhou, China. August 27-29&lt;br /&gt;
** EMMCVPR 2005 St. Augustine, FL, USA. November 9-11&lt;br /&gt;
** EMMCVPR 2003 Lisbon, Portugal. July 7-9&lt;br /&gt;
** EMMCVPR 2001 INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, France. September 3-5&lt;br /&gt;
** EMMCVPR 1999 York, UK. July 26-29&lt;br /&gt;
** EMMCVPR 1997 Venice, Italy. May 21-23&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Vision Summit at NIWeek&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.ni.com/niweek/presentations_vision.htm Vision Summit at NIWeek] Information page&lt;br /&gt;
** Vision Summit at NIWeek 2009 Austin, TX, USA August 4-6&lt;br /&gt;
** Vision Summit at NIWeek 2008 Austin, TX, USA August 5-7&lt;br /&gt;
** Vision Summit at NIWeek 2007 Austin, TX, USA August 7-9&lt;br /&gt;
** Vision Summit at NIWeek 2006 Austin, TX, USA August 8-10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* IEEE Virtual Reality International Conference (VRIC)&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.laval-virtual.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=59&amp;amp;Itemid=111 IEEE VRIC] main homepage. Collaboration with IEEE France and ACM SIGGRAPH&lt;br /&gt;
** IEEE VRIC 2009, Laval Virtual, France, 2009 April 22-26  &lt;br /&gt;
** IEEE VRIC 2008, Laval Virtual, France, 2008 April 9-13&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.icpr2010.org/ ICPR 2010 Istanbul], Turkey. August 23-26&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.icpr2008.org/ ICPR 2008 Tampa], USA. December 8-11&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk/~icpr06/ ICPR 2006 Hong Kong], China. August 20-24&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/icpr2004/ ICPR 2004 Cambridge], UK. August 23-26&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://icpr2002.gel.ulaval.ca/ ICPR 2002 Québec], Canada. August 11-15&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* International Confernce on Computer Vision Systems (ICVS)&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://icvs2009.intelsig.be/ ICVS 2009, Li&amp;amp;egrave;ge], Belgium. October 12-15&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://icvs2008.info ICVS 2008 Santorini], Greece. May 12-15&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.icvs2007.org/index.php ICVS 2007, Bielefeld], Germany. March 21-24&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.cs.colostate.edu/icvs06/ICVS06.htm ICVS 2006, New York], NY, USA. January 5-7&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://dib.joanneum.at/ICVS03/grund.htm ICVS 2003, Graz], Austria. April 1-3&lt;br /&gt;
** ICVS 2001, Vancouver, Canada. June 7-8&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://gias720.dis.ulpgc.es/ICVS/mainpage.html ICVS 1999, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria], Spain, January 13 - 15&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.3dimconference.org/ 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling]&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.3dimconference.org/3DIM2007/ 3DIM 2007], Montreal, Canada, August 21-23 &lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.3dimconference.org/3DIM2005/ 3DIM 2005], Ottawa, Canada, June 13-16&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.3dimconference.org/3DIM2003/ 3DIM 2003],Banff, Canada October 6-10&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.3dimconference.org/3DIM2001/ 3DIM 2001], Quebec City, Canada May 28 - June 1&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.3dimconference.org/3DIM99/ 3DIM 1999], Ottawa, Canada Oct 4-8&lt;br /&gt;
** 3DIM 1997, Ottawa, Canada, May12-15&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* International Symposium on Visual Computing (ISVC)&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.isvc.net/ ISVC 2008 Las Vegas], Nevada. December 1-3&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.isvc.net/07/ ISVC 2007 Lake Tahoe], Nevada/California. November 26-28&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.isvc.net/06/ ISVC 2006 Lake Tahoe], Nevada/California. November 6-8&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.isvc.net/05/ ISVC 2005 Lake Tahoe], Nevada/California. December 5-7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Closely related conferences ==&lt;br /&gt;
* IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.icip2010.org/ ICIP 2010 Hong Kong].  September 12-15&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.icip2009.org/index.html ICIP 2009 Cairo, Egypt].  November 7-11&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.icip08.org/ ICIP 2008 San Diego], USA. October 12-15&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.icip2007.org/ ICIP 2007 San Antonio],USA. September 16-19&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.icip2006.org/ ICIP 2006 Atlanta], USA. October 8-11&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.icip05.org/welcome.htm ICIP 2005 Genova], Italy. September 11-14&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* IEEE International Conference Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization (CGIV)&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.graphicslink.co.uk/cgiv08/ CGIV 2008 Penang], Malaysia, August 25-28&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.graphicslink.co.uk/cgiv07/ CGIV 2007 Bangkok], Thailand, August 14-17&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.computer.org/portal/site/store/menuitem.41cf17dc879177c86ee948ce8bcd45f3/index.jsp?&amp;amp;pName=store_level1&amp;amp;path=store/P2006&amp;amp;file=p2606.xml&amp;amp;xsl=generic.xsl&amp;amp; CGIV 2006 Sydney], Australia, July 26-28&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.computer.org/portal/site/store/menuitem.41cf17dc879177c86ee948ce8bcd45f3/index.jsp?&amp;amp;pName=store_level1&amp;amp;path=store/p2005&amp;amp;file=p2392.xml&amp;amp;xsl=generic.xsl&amp;amp; CGIV 2005 Beijing], China, July 26-29&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (CAIP)&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://caip.eu.org/ CAIP] main homepage&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://cvpr.uni-muenster.de/CAIP2009/ CAIP 2009 Münster], Germany, September 2-4&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.prip.tuwien.ac.at/caip07/ CAIP 2007 Vienna], Austria, August 27-29&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://acivs.org/caip2005/ CAIP 2005 Paris], France, September 5-8&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://caip.cs.rug.nl/ CAIP 2003 Groningen], The Netherlands, August 25-27&lt;br /&gt;
** CAIP 2001	Warsaw, Poland, Sep 5-7 (LNCS 2124)&lt;br /&gt;
** CAIP 1999	Ljubljana, Slovenia, Sep 1-3 (LNCS 1689)&lt;br /&gt;
** CAIP 1997	Kiel, Germany, Sep 10-12 (LNCS 1296)&lt;br /&gt;
** CAIP 1995	Prague, Czech Republic, Sep 6-8 (LNCS 970)&lt;br /&gt;
** CAIP 1993	Budapest, Hungary, Sep 13-15 (LNCS 719)&lt;br /&gt;
** CAIP 1991	Dresden, Germany, Sep 17-19&lt;br /&gt;
** CAIP 1989	Leipzig, Germany, Sep 8-10&lt;br /&gt;
** CAIP 1987	Wismar, Germany, Sep 2-4	&lt;br /&gt;
** CAIP 1985	Berlin, Germany, Oct 17-18&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* International Workshop on Advanced Image Technology (IWAIT)&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.kosbe.or.kr/iwait/ IWAIT 2009 Seoul], Korea January 12-13&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://iwait2008.cs.nctu.edu.tw/page_welcome.html IWAIT 2008 Hsinchu], Taiwan January 7-8&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.conferencealerts.com/seeconf.mv?q=ca1amh8m IWAIT 2007 Bangkok], Thailand January 8-9&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://viplab.eng.niigata-u.ac.jp/iwait2006/ IWAIT 2006 Okinawa], Japan January 9-10&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://mccb.icu.ac.kr/iwait2005/iwait2005.htm IWAIT 2005 Jeju], Korea January 10-11&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~iwait/ IWAIT 2004 NUS], Singapore January 12-13&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.ieice.org/~ie/iwait2003.html IWAIT 2003 Nagasaki], Japan January 21-22&lt;br /&gt;
** IWAIT 2002 Hualien, Taiwan January 16-19&lt;br /&gt;
** IWAIT 2001 Taejon, Korea February&lt;br /&gt;
** IWAIT 2000 Fujisawa, Japan January&lt;br /&gt;
** IWAIT 1999, Taiwan January 20-21&lt;br /&gt;
** IWAIT 1998, Korea&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing (ICVGIP)&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.icvgip.org ICVGIP] main homepage&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://conf05.iitkgp.ac.in/icvgip08/ ICVGIP 2008] Bhubaneswar, December 16-19&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.icvgip.org/icvgip2006/ ICVGIP 2006] Madurai, December 13-16&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.icvgip.org/icvgip2004/index.shtml ICVGIP 2004] Calcutta, December 16-18&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.icvgip.org/icvgip2002/index.htm ICVGIP 2002] Ahmedabad, December 16-18&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GraphiCon]] — International Conference on Computer Graphics &amp;amp; Vision&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.graphicon.ru/ GraphiCon] main homepage&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.graphicon.ru/2008/ GraphiCon 2008] Moscow, June 23-27&lt;br /&gt;
** [http://www.graphicon.ru/2007/ GraphiCon 2007] Moscow, June 23-27&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://iris.usc.edu/Information/Iris-Conferences.html Computer Vision Conference Listing], University of Southern California, and the Official Mirror [http://conferences.visionbib.com/Iris-Conferences.html Computer Vision Conference Listing]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.prip.tuwien.ac.at/people/sab/conference-links Upcoming Computer Vision Conferences], Vienna University of Technology&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.isi.uu.nl/Conferences/ Conferences Medical Imaging and Computer Vision], Image Sciences Institute&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.brl.ntt.co.jp/people/akisato/conference.html Conference Schedules: Computer Vision, Image Processing, Multimedia etc.], NTT Communication Science Laboratories&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.wikicfp.com/cfp/call?conference=computer%20vision Calls for Papers on Computer Vision], WikiCFP&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Computer vision]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Computer lists|Computer vision conferences]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Computer vision publications]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>131.220.154.154</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Total_parenteral_nutrition&amp;diff=30246</id>
		<title>Archive:Total parenteral nutrition</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Total_parenteral_nutrition&amp;diff=30246"/>
		<updated>2007-12-27T11:58:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;131.220.36.241: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Tpn 3bag.jpg|thumb|Home TPN formula]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Total parenteral nutrition&#039;&#039;&#039; (TPN), is the practice of feeding a person [[intravenous]]ly, bypassing the usual process of [[eating]] and [[digestion]]. The person receives nutritional formulas containing [[salt]]s, [[glucose]], [[amino acid]]s, [[lipid]]s and added [[vitamin]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General usage==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Unreferencedsection|date=October 2007}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
TPN is normally used following surgery, when feeding by mouth or using the [[gut]] is not possible, when a person&#039;s digestive system cannot absorb nutrients due to [[chronic (medicine)|chronic disease]], or, alternatively, if a person&#039;s nutrient requirement cannot be met by [[enteral feeding]] (tube feeding) and supplementation.  It has been used for [[coma]]tose patients, although enteral feeding is usually preferable, and less prone to complications.  Short-term TPN may be used if a person&#039;s digestive system has shut down (for instance by [[Peritonitis]]), and they are at a low enough weight to cause concerns about nutrition during an extended hospital stay. Long-term TPN is occasionally used to treat people suffering the extended consequences of an accident or surgery.  Most controversially, TPN has extended the life of a small number of children born with nonexistent or severely deformed guts.  The oldest were eight years old in [[2003]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The preferred method of delivering TPN is with a medical [[infusion pump]]. A [[sterilization (microbiology)|sterile]] bag of nutrient solution, between 500 mL and 4 L is provided. The pump infuses a small amount (0.1 to 10 mL/hr) continuously in order to keep the vein open. Feeding schedules vary, but one common regimen ramps up the nutrition over a few hours, levels off the rate for a few hours, and then ramps it down over a few more hours, in order to simulate a normal set of meal times.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The nutrient solution consists of [[water]], [[glucose]], [[salt]]s, [[amino acid]]s, [[vitamin]]s and (more controversially) sometimes emulsified [[fat]]s.  Long term TPN patients sometimes suffer from lack of trace nutrients or [[electrolyte]] imbalances.  Because increased [[blood sugar]] commonly occurs  with TPN, [[insulin]] may also be added to the infusion. Often though, an insignificant amount of insulin is added, sometimes 10 units or less in 2 liters of TPN. In actuality, the patient will probably get less than that. Occasionally, other drugs are added as well, sometimes unnecessarily. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chronic TPN is performed through a central intravenous catheter, usually in the subclavian or jugular vein.  Another common practice is to use a [[PICC line]], which originates in the arm, and exends to one of the central veins, such as the subclavian.  In infants, sometimes the [[umbilical vein]] is used.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Battery-powered ambulatory infusion pumps can be used with chronic TPN patients. Usually the pump and a small (100 ml) bag of nutrient (to keep the vein open) are carried in a small bag around the waist or on the shoulder.  Outpatient TPN practices are still being refined.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aside from their dependence on a pump, chronic TPN patients live quite normal lives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Complications==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The most common complication of TPN use is bacterial infection, usually due to the increased infection risk from having an indwelling [[central venous catheter]]. [[Liver]] [[Liver failure|failure]] may sometimes occur; a recent study at Children&#039;s Hospital Boston on the cause suggests it is due to a large difference in omega-6 to omega-3 ratio. When treated with [[Omegaven]], a different fatty acid infusion (which is approved for limited use in the U.S.), two patients were able to recover from their condition.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/118/1/e197?maxtoshow=&amp;amp;HITS=10&amp;amp;hits=10&amp;amp;RESULTFORMAT=&amp;amp;fulltext=parenteral+nutrition&amp;amp;searchid=1&amp;amp;FIRSTINDEX=0&amp;amp;volume=118&amp;amp;issue=1&amp;amp;resourcetype=HWCIT| Gura KM, Duggan CP, Collier SB, et al. Reversal of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in two infants with short bowel syndrome using parenteral fish oil: implications for future management. &#039;&#039;Pediatrics&#039;&#039; Vol. 118 No. 1 July 2006 p197-201]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Two related common complications of TPN are [[venous thrombosis]] and [[priapism]].  Fat infusion during TPN is assumed to contribute to both.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://jpen.aspenjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/16/2/171|  X Hebuterne, AM Frere, J Bayle, and P Rampal  Priapism in a patient treated with total parenteral nutrition  &#039;&#039;Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition&#039;&#039; Vol. 16 No. 2 1992 p171-174]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Another complication of TPN is non-anion gap [[metabolic acidosis]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Intravenous drip]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nutritioncare.org American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.heinrick.com/ryan/tpn.cfm TPN/PPN Calculator] by Ryan Heinrick&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.childrenshospital.org/newsroom/Site1339/mainpageS1339P1sublevel222.html &amp;quot;Why does prolonged TPN cause liver damage in infants?&amp;quot;], Children&#039;s Hospital Boston&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://grey.colorado.edu/shortgut/index.php/TPN-associated_Liver_Disease TPN-associated Liver Disease]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://blogs.nutrishare.com TPN Blogs] on [http://www.Nutrishare.com Nutrishare] (a Home TPN provider)&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a601166.html TPN Drug Information] from MedlinePlus NIH Database&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.worldhealthlibrary.com/uncategorized/tpn-site-care/ TPN Care] from the World Health Library&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:nutrition]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:intensive care medicine]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Parenterale Ernährung]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[nl:Parenterale voeding]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ja:高カロリー輸液]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[pt:Nutrição parenteral]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>131.220.36.241</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Total_parenteral_nutrition&amp;diff=30245</id>
		<title>Archive:Total parenteral nutrition</title>
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		<updated>2007-12-27T11:57:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;131.220.36.241: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Tpn 3bag.jpg|thumb|Home TPN formula]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;total Total parenteral nutrition&#039;&#039;&#039; (TPN), is the practice of feeding a person [[intravenous]]ly, bypassing the usual process of [[eating]] and [[digestion]]. The person receives nutritional formulas containing [[salt]]s, [[glucose]], [[amino acid]]s, [[lipid]]s and added [[vitamin]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
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==General usage==&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Unreferencedsection|date=October 2007}}&lt;br /&gt;
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TPN is normally used following surgery, when feeding by mouth or using the [[gut]] is not possible, when a person&#039;s digestive system cannot absorb nutrients due to [[chronic (medicine)|chronic disease]], or, alternatively, if a person&#039;s nutrient requirement cannot be met by [[enteral feeding]] (tube feeding) and supplementation.  It has been used for [[coma]]tose patients, although enteral feeding is usually preferable, and less prone to complications.  Short-term TPN may be used if a person&#039;s digestive system has shut down (for instance by [[Peritonitis]]), and they are at a low enough weight to cause concerns about nutrition during an extended hospital stay. Long-term TPN is occasionally used to treat people suffering the extended consequences of an accident or surgery.  Most controversially, TPN has extended the life of a small number of children born with nonexistent or severely deformed guts.  The oldest were eight years old in [[2003]].&lt;br /&gt;
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The preferred method of delivering TPN is with a medical [[infusion pump]]. A [[sterilization (microbiology)|sterile]] bag of nutrient solution, between 500 mL and 4 L is provided. The pump infuses a small amount (0.1 to 10 mL/hr) continuously in order to keep the vein open. Feeding schedules vary, but one common regimen ramps up the nutrition over a few hours, levels off the rate for a few hours, and then ramps it down over a few more hours, in order to simulate a normal set of meal times.&lt;br /&gt;
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The nutrient solution consists of [[water]], [[glucose]], [[salt]]s, [[amino acid]]s, [[vitamin]]s and (more controversially) sometimes emulsified [[fat]]s.  Long term TPN patients sometimes suffer from lack of trace nutrients or [[electrolyte]] imbalances.  Because increased [[blood sugar]] commonly occurs  with TPN, [[insulin]] may also be added to the infusion. Often though, an insignificant amount of insulin is added, sometimes 10 units or less in 2 liters of TPN. In actuality, the patient will probably get less than that. Occasionally, other drugs are added as well, sometimes unnecessarily. &lt;br /&gt;
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Chronic TPN is performed through a central intravenous catheter, usually in the subclavian or jugular vein.  Another common practice is to use a [[PICC line]], which originates in the arm, and exends to one of the central veins, such as the subclavian.  In infants, sometimes the [[umbilical vein]] is used.  &lt;br /&gt;
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Battery-powered ambulatory infusion pumps can be used with chronic TPN patients. Usually the pump and a small (100 ml) bag of nutrient (to keep the vein open) are carried in a small bag around the waist or on the shoulder.  Outpatient TPN practices are still being refined.&lt;br /&gt;
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Aside from their dependence on a pump, chronic TPN patients live quite normal lives.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Complications==&lt;br /&gt;
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The most common complication of TPN use is bacterial infection, usually due to the increased infection risk from having an indwelling [[central venous catheter]]. [[Liver]] [[Liver failure|failure]] may sometimes occur; a recent study at Children&#039;s Hospital Boston on the cause suggests it is due to a large difference in omega-6 to omega-3 ratio. When treated with [[Omegaven]], a different fatty acid infusion (which is approved for limited use in the U.S.), two patients were able to recover from their condition.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/118/1/e197?maxtoshow=&amp;amp;HITS=10&amp;amp;hits=10&amp;amp;RESULTFORMAT=&amp;amp;fulltext=parenteral+nutrition&amp;amp;searchid=1&amp;amp;FIRSTINDEX=0&amp;amp;volume=118&amp;amp;issue=1&amp;amp;resourcetype=HWCIT| Gura KM, Duggan CP, Collier SB, et al. Reversal of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in two infants with short bowel syndrome using parenteral fish oil: implications for future management. &#039;&#039;Pediatrics&#039;&#039; Vol. 118 No. 1 July 2006 p197-201]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Two related common complications of TPN are [[venous thrombosis]] and [[priapism]].  Fat infusion during TPN is assumed to contribute to both.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://jpen.aspenjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/16/2/171|  X Hebuterne, AM Frere, J Bayle, and P Rampal  Priapism in a patient treated with total parenteral nutrition  &#039;&#039;Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition&#039;&#039; Vol. 16 No. 2 1992 p171-174]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Another complication of TPN is non-anion gap [[metabolic acidosis]].&lt;br /&gt;
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==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Intravenous drip]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
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== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nutritioncare.org American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.heinrick.com/ryan/tpn.cfm TPN/PPN Calculator] by Ryan Heinrick&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.childrenshospital.org/newsroom/Site1339/mainpageS1339P1sublevel222.html &amp;quot;Why does prolonged TPN cause liver damage in infants?&amp;quot;], Children&#039;s Hospital Boston&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://grey.colorado.edu/shortgut/index.php/TPN-associated_Liver_Disease TPN-associated Liver Disease]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://blogs.nutrishare.com TPN Blogs] on [http://www.Nutrishare.com Nutrishare] (a Home TPN provider)&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a601166.html TPN Drug Information] from MedlinePlus NIH Database&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.worldhealthlibrary.com/uncategorized/tpn-site-care/ TPN Care] from the World Health Library&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:nutrition]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:intensive care medicine]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[de:Parenterale Ernährung]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[nl:Parenterale voeding]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ja:高カロリー輸液]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[pt:Nutrição parenteral]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>131.220.36.241</name></author>
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