WDC 65C21

2014-10-25T14:33:06Z

192.55.55.41: /* Features of the W65C21S */

{{Underlinked|date = October 2014}}[[Image:W65C21S6TPG-14 lg.jpg|thumb|WDC W65C21S Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA)]]
The '''W65C21S''' is a very flexible Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA) for use with WDC’s 65xx and other 8-bit microprocessor families. It is produced by [[Western Design Center|Western Design Center (WDC)]].

The W65C21S provides programmed microprocessor control of up to two peripheral devices (Port A and Port B). Peripheral device control is accomplished through two 8-bit bidirectional [[I/O]] Ports, with individually designed Data Direction Registers. The Data Direction Registers provide selection of data flow direction (input or output) at each respective I/O Port. Data flow direction may be selected on a line-by-line basis with intermixed input and output lines within the same port. The “handshake” interrupt control feature is provided by four peripheral control lines. This capability provides enhanced control over data transfer functions between the microprocessor and peripheral devices, as well as bidirectional data transfer between W65C21S [[Peripheral Interface Adapter]]s in multiprocessor systems.

The PIA interfaces to the 65xx microprocessor family with a reset line, a ϕ2 clock line, a read/write line, two interrupt request lines, two register select lines, three chip select lines and an 8-bit bidirectional data bus. The PIA interfaces to the peripheral devices with four interrupt/control lines and two 8-bit bidirectional buses.

The W65C21S PIA is organized into two independent sections referred to as the A Side and the B Side. Each section consists of Control Register (CRA, CRB), Data Direction Register (DDRA, DDRB), Output Register (ORA, ORB), Interrupt Status Control (ISCA, ISCB) and the buffers necessary to drive the Peripheral Interface buses. Data Bus Buffers (DBB) interface data from the two sections to the data bus, while the Date Input Register (DIR) interfaces data from the DBB to the PIA registers. Chip Select and RWB control circuitry interface to the processor bus control lines.

==Features of the W65C21S==
*Low power CMOS N-well silicon gate technology
*High speed/Low power replacement for Motorola / Rockwell / AMI / *MOS Technology / MOSTEK / HITACHI / ST Microelectronics / GTE / [[California Micro Devices|CMD]] 6520, 6521, 6820, 6821 PIA’s
*Two 8-bit bidirectional I/O ports with individual data direction control.
*Automatic “Handshake” control of data transfers
*Two interrupts (one for each port) with program control
*Static to 14MHz operation, with high speed Port A, CA2 outputs.
*Industrial temperature range
*40 Pin Plastic Dip and 44 Pin Plastic PLCC versions
*5 volt ± 10% supply requirements
*Compatible with the 65xx and 68xx family of microprocessors

==External links==
*[http://www.65xx.com/wdc/documentation/w65c21s.pdf W65C21S Datasheet]

[[Category:I/O Chips]]

Archive:Introduction to German

2007-02-16T20:26:36Z

192.55.52.3: /* Other Verbs */

Please see [[Template_talk:Unit_boilerplate]] for more information.

==Unit Summary==
* '''Course code:''' ALAU101:
* '''Suggested Prerequisites:'''
** ...
* '''Time investment:'''
* '''Assessment suggestions:'''
* '''Faculty:''' Humanities
* '''School:''' [[School:Language and Literature]]
* '''Department:''' [[Topic:Language Aquisition]]
* '''Stream''' [[German Stream]]
* '''Level:''' Beginner

==Content summary==

==Intended outcome==

==Unit materials==

* '''Study guide:'''
* '''Wikipedia article:''' [[w: __Article Name__ ]]

Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
* ...

Learning materials and [[Portal:Learning Projects|learning projects]] are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a [[link]] to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the [[Wikiversity:Namespaces|main namespace]]) and start writing!

===Texts===

* [[Wikibooks:__Textbook Name___]]
* ...

===Lessons===
*[[The Pronouns]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written (probably first).

*[[Introduction to basic German verbs]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written.

===[[Introduction_to_German/Input|'''Typing German characters into a computer''']]===
For a PC, you have quick access by typing the following: 
ß- alt+0223 
ä- alt+0228 
ö- alt+0246 
ü- alt+0252 
 These are the only atypical German characters.

=== Vocabulary ===

'''Expressions of Time''' 
Time (Zeit) 
Hour (Stunde) 
Minute (Minute) 
Second (Sekunde) 

Tag (Day) 
Morgen (Morning) 
Mittag (Noon) 
Nachmittag (Afternoon) 
Abend (Evening) 
Nacht (Night) 
Mittelnacht (Midnight) 

Gestern (Yesterday) 
Heute (Today) 
Morgen (Tomorrow) 

===[[Introduction_to_German/Greetings|'''Common Greetings''']]===
Guten Tag (Hello; Good Day) 
Grüß dich! (Informal hello) 
Tag! (Hello) 
Hallo (Hello) 
Guten Tag, ich heiße --- (Hello, my name is --) 
Wie geht's? (How are you?; How goes it?; How's it going?) 

===[[Introduction_to_German/Numbers|'''Numbers''']]===
Root Numbers 1-10 
1-One - Eins 
2-Two - Zwei 
3-Three - Drei 
4-Four - Vier 
5-Five - Fünf 
6-Six - Sechs 
7-Seven - Sieben 
8-Eight - Acht 
9-Nine - Neun 
10-Ten - Zehn 
 
'''
11, 12, and Teens 13-19''' 
 
11-Eleven - Elf 
12-Twelve - Zwölf 
 
*Thirteen through Nineteen are created by combining the first digit number with the number Zehn(ten) as a suffix, pronounced with stress on the first syllable. Note that the "-s" in "Sechs" and the "-en" in "Sieben" are dropped in the combination 
 
13-Thirteen - Dreizehn (Drei Zehn, "Three Ten") 
14-Fourteen - Vierzehn 
15-Fifteen - Fünfzehn 
16-Sixteen - Sechzehn 
17-Seventeen - Siebzehn 
18-Eighteen - Achtzehn 
19-Nineteen - Neunzehn 
 
20-90 
*In German, two digit numbers are created simply by adding the suffix "-zig" (similar to English "-ty"). There are exceptions however (not unlike English). Note the spelling differences in Zwanzig (20), Dreißig (30), Sechzig (60), and Siebzig (70) 
 
20-Twenty - Zwanzig 
30-Thirty - Dreißig 
40-Forty - Vierzig 
50-Fifty - Fünfzig 
60-Sixty - Sechzig 
70-Seventy - Siebzig 
80-Eighty - Achtzig 
90-Ninety - Neunzig 
 
*In German, two digit numbers that do not end with zero (0) are spoken first digit first, joined with the word "und" (and), and followed with the second digit number; as though adding them together to make the new number. 
 
Example: Twenty-Three (23) would be constructed first digit-and-second digit: "Dreiundzwanzig" (directly translated "three-and-twenty) 
 
21 - Einundzwanzig 
37 - Siebenunddreißig 
46 - Sechsundvierzig 
64 - Vierundsechzig 
99 - Neunundneunzig 
 
100, 1.000, 1.000.000, 1.000.000.000, 1.000.000.000.000* 
 
100 - Hundert 
1.000 - Tausend 
1.000.000 - Million 
1.000.000.000 - Milliarde 
1.000.000.000.000 - Trillion 
 
*note: Periods (.) are used to divide large numbers into groups of three (ex/ 1.000 = one thousand), and commas (,) are used as decimal points for numbers less than 1 but greater than 0 (1,001 = one point zero zero one, one and one thousandth). 
In German, the roles of the period and the comma are reversed from American English

===Sports===

(der)Fußball (Football) 
(der)Amerikanische Fußball (American Football) 

=== Important verbs ===
Verb tables below
*[[Sein]]
*[[Haben]]
*[[German modal verbs|Modal verbs]]
*[[Regular verbs]]

=== Other Verbs ===
*[[gehen]] to go
*[[machen]] to do
*brauchen- to need
*essen- to eat
*heissen- to be called (as in, "her name is"; "sie heisst Claudia...")
*wissen- to know (knowledge, information)
*kennen- to know (acquaintance)

===Assignments===

To help you get acquainted with the written language, use this subpage to get in contact with German speaking Wikiversity participants.

==Active participants==
*[[User:Exorcist_bob | Exorcist_bob]]
*[[User:Mjvp13 | MjVP13]]
*[[User:Daniel M. Roberts | Daniel M. Roberts]]
*[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]]
*--[[User:Smithgrrl|Smithgrrl]] 02:38, 5 November 2006 (UTC) Ich spreche deutsch nicht besonders gut aber moechte gerne helfen, wenn ich kann!

[[Category:German]]
[[Category:Introductions]]
[[Category:Multilingual Studies]]

IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]

WDC 65C21

Archive:Introduction to German