IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]

Gliese 581 d

2008-03-26T16:39:11Z

198.163.53.10: dead link

{{Planetbox begin
| name = Gliese 581 d
}}
{{Planetbox image
| image = [[Image:Gliese 581 d-v1.jpg|270px]]
| caption = Artistic representation of a panoramic view of <br>Gliese 581 d, showing speculative moons.
}}
{{Planetbox star
| star = [[Gliese 581]]
| constell = [[Libra (constellation)|Libra]]
| RA = {{RA|15|19|26}}
| DEC = {{DEC|−07|43|20}}
| dist_ly = 20.4
| dist_pc = 6.27
| class = M2.5V
}}
{{Planetbox orbit
| period = 84.4
| semimajor = .25
| eccentricity = .2
| ang_dist = 39.936
| t_peri = 2452954.1
| semi-amp = 2.67
}}
{{Planetbox character
| mass_earth = >7.7
}}
{{Planetbox discovery
| discovery_date = [[2007-04-24]]
| discoverers = [[Stéphane Udry|Udry]] et al.
| discovery_method = Radial velocity
| discovery_status = unpublished
}}
{{Planetbox end}}

'''Gliese 581 d''' ({{pronEng|ˈgliːzə}}), also known as '''Wolf 562 d''' and '''HIP 74995 d''', is a "[[super-Earth]]" or large [[terrestrial planet| terrestrial]] [[extrasolar planet]] orbiting the [[red dwarf]] [[star]] [[Gliese 581]].<br />
Gliese 581 d is near the outer edge of the habitable zone.

== Discovery ==
The planet was discovered by the team of [[Stéphane Udry]] of the Geneva Observatory in [[Switzerland]] using the [[HARPS]] instrument on the [[European Southern Observatory]] 3.6 meter telescope in [[La Silla]], [[Chile]] on [[April 24]], [[2007]]. Udry's team employed the [[radial velocity]] technique, in which the size and mass of a planet are determined based on the small perturbations it induces in its parent star’s orbit via gravity.

The team is confident that the planet exists but recognizes that unlikely events could mimic its existence. They believe the issue will be settled by upcoming studies.

== Climate and habitability ==
Although Gliese 581 d orbits outside the theoretical [[habitable zone]] of its star, scientists surmise that conditions on the planet may be conducive to supporting life[http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/070618_mm_gliese_581d.html]. Scientists originally believed that Gliese 581 d would in fact be too cold for liquid water to exist, and therefore could not support life as we understand it. However, due to a theorized [[greenhouse effect]], research now suggests that atmospheric conditions on the planet create temperatures at which water can exist, and therefore the planet may be capable of supporting life. However, these conditions are based on models of the planet, and have not been directly observed.

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
*[http://vo.obspm.fr/exoplanetes/encyclo/planet.php?p1=Gl+581&p2=d '''Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia''': Gl 581 d]
*[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/sim-id.pl?protocol=html&Ident=gl+581&NbIdent=1&Radius=10&Radius.unit=arcmin&CooFrame=FK5&CooEpoch=2000&CooEqui=2000&output.max=all&o.catall=on&output.mesdisp=N&Bibyear1=1983&Bibyear2=2005&Frame1=FK5&Frame2=FK4&Frame3=G&Equi1=200 '''SIMBAD''': V* HO Lib -- Variable Star]

{{Gliese 581}}

[[Category:Extrasolar planets]]
[[Category:Libra constellation]]

[[es:Gliese 581 d]]
[[fr:Gliese 581 d]]
[[ko:글리제 581d]]
[[it:Gliese 581 d]]
[[nl:Gliese 581 d]]
[[pl:Gliese 581 d]]
[[fi:Gliese 581 d]]
[[sv:Gliese 581 d]]

Gliese 581 d

2008-03-26T16:38:39Z

198.163.53.10: /* References */ dead link

{{Planetbox begin
| name = Gliese 581 d
}}
{{Planetbox image
| image = [[Image:Gliese 581 d-v1.jpg|270px]]
| caption = Artistic representation of a panoramic view of <br>Gliese 581 d, showing speculative moons.
}}
{{Planetbox star
| star = [[Gliese 581]]
| constell = [[Libra (constellation)|Libra]]
| RA = {{RA|15|19|26}}
| DEC = {{DEC|−07|43|20}}
| dist_ly = 20.4
| dist_pc = 6.27
| class = M2.5V
}}
{{Planetbox orbit
| period = 84.4
| semimajor = .25
| eccentricity = .2
| ang_dist = 39.936
| t_peri = 2452954.1
| semi-amp = 2.67
}}
{{Planetbox character
| mass_earth = >7.7
}}
{{Planetbox discovery
| discovery_date = [[2007-04-24]]
| discoverers = [[Stéphane Udry|Udry]] et al.
| discovery_method = Radial velocity
| discovery_status = unpublished
}}
{{Planetbox end}}

'''Gliese 581 d''' ({{pronEng|ˈgliːzə}}), also known as '''Wolf 562 d''' and '''HIP 74995 d''', is a "[[super-Earth]]" or large [[terrestrial planet| terrestrial]] [[extrasolar planet]] orbiting the [[red dwarf]] [[star]] [[Gliese 581]].<br />
Gliese 581 d is near the outer edge of the habitable zone. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0705/0705.3758v1.pdf |title=The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581 |accessdate=2007-05-29 }}</ref>

== Discovery ==
The planet was discovered by the team of [[Stéphane Udry]] of the Geneva Observatory in [[Switzerland]] using the [[HARPS]] instrument on the [[European Southern Observatory]] 3.6 meter telescope in [[La Silla]], [[Chile]] on [[April 24]], [[2007]]. Udry's team employed the [[radial velocity]] technique, in which the size and mass of a planet are determined based on the small perturbations it induces in its parent star’s orbit via gravity.

The team is confident that the planet exists but recognizes that unlikely events could mimic its existence. They believe the issue will be settled by upcoming studies.

== Climate and habitability ==
Although Gliese 581 d orbits outside the theoretical [[habitable zone]] of its star, scientists surmise that conditions on the planet may be conducive to supporting life[http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/070618_mm_gliese_581d.html]. Scientists originally believed that Gliese 581 d would in fact be too cold for liquid water to exist, and therefore could not support life as we understand it. However, due to a theorized [[greenhouse effect]], research now suggests that atmospheric conditions on the planet create temperatures at which water can exist, and therefore the planet may be capable of supporting life. However, these conditions are based on models of the planet, and have not been directly observed.

==References==
<references />

== External links ==
*[http://vo.obspm.fr/exoplanetes/encyclo/planet.php?p1=Gl+581&p2=d '''Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia''': Gl 581 d]
*[http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/sim-id.pl?protocol=html&Ident=gl+581&NbIdent=1&Radius=10&Radius.unit=arcmin&CooFrame=FK5&CooEpoch=2000&CooEqui=2000&output.max=all&o.catall=on&output.mesdisp=N&Bibyear1=1983&Bibyear2=2005&Frame1=FK5&Frame2=FK4&Frame3=G&Equi1=200 '''SIMBAD''': V* HO Lib -- Variable Star]

{{Gliese 581}}

[[Category:Extrasolar planets]]
[[Category:Libra constellation]]

[[es:Gliese 581 d]]
[[fr:Gliese 581 d]]
[[ko:글리제 581d]]
[[it:Gliese 581 d]]
[[nl:Gliese 581 d]]
[[pl:Gliese 581 d]]
[[fi:Gliese 581 d]]
[[sv:Gliese 581 d]]

North-wing politics

2007-10-28T20:20:07Z

198.163.53.11:

In [[politics]], '''[[north-wing]]''', '''the political north''', or simply northwing, are terms that refer to the segment of the [[political spectrum]] whose political attitudes occupy the north of a 360° [[Political Compass]], rather than the traditional left-right scale. The northern segment commonly represents collective authority, and social normality.

In this [[multi-axis model]] the '''west-to-east''' line represents '''economic''' attitude. It retains some of its traditional left-to-right political meaning in terms of ''state'' versus ''private'' ownership. The '''north-to-south''' line represents '''social''' attitude and is respectively collective ''authority'' in the '''north''', and personal ''liberty'' in the '''south'''.

In the new model, the classical inference of the left being ''progressive'' versus the right being ''reactionary'' is now redundant, as the [[Political Compass]] implies neither stance.

In ideological terms, where the compass is used to describe in the South-wing a political viewpoint that is [[relativist]], or [[post-modernist]], the north-wing of the compass is generally deemed to represent [[modernism]], [[neo-modernism]] or [[re-modernism]] in approach.

A '''north-wing''', or '''northwing''' position is the opposite of south-wing, which represents degrees of liberal [[individualism]], including at the extreme, [[Anarchism|anarchy]].

==The history of the Political Compass==

[[Hans Eysenck]] was first to create a multi-axis political model in his 1964 book "Sense and Nonsense in Psychology", though other multi-axis models have been developed including that by American [[David Nolan (Libertarian Party)|David Nolan]] in 1970.

The definition used here is based on the [[Political Compass]] created by [[Pace News Limited]], which expands on the Eysenck model and is widely accepted. There is also a [http://www.grassrootsforamerica.us/fertilizer/New-Political-Compass-Intro.shtml#New_Political_Compass New Political Compass TM] created by Paul Ray, and whilst he usefully labels the North "the New Progressives", the model is less internationally recognised outside of the US.

==Additional references==

[http://www.northwing.org/ Northwing.org], a British website describes the north-wing viewpoint thus:

''"Liberal progressives who hold the centre ground of the compass, may have social attitudes that are in the 'North-wing' because they firmly believe in the concept of functional consensus and collective authority. When society becomes dysfunctional this more authoritative position is adopted to establish order, rather than being anti-liberal. Going with the flow of social change can mean the opposite of being progressive. There is nothing more reactionary than accepting the breakdown of communities or uncivilised behaviour as inevitable. Many north-wingers now perceive a 'reactionary left' who populate the south-wing of the political compass. North-wing can also therefore be seen as a reaction to South-wing, without being itself inherently reactionary."
''

==See also==
*[[Political compass]]

[[Category:Political terms]]