IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]

Archive:Petroleum seep

2007-04-19T02:47:03Z

202.63.40.179: added wiktionary link

{{wiktionarypar|seep}}
A '''seep''' is a wet place where a [[liquid]], usually [[groundwater]], has oozed from the ground to the surface. Seeps are usually not flowing, with the liquid sourced only from underground.

The term seep may also refer to the movement of liquid [[hydrocarbons]] to the surface through fractures and fissures in the rock and between [[geological]] layers. Oil seeps are quite common: California has thousands of them. Much of the oil discovered in [[California]] during the 19th century was from observations of seeps.

Seeps may be a significant source of pollution.

==Coal Oil Point Seep Field==

One seep, the Coal Oil Point Seep Field offshore from [[Santa Barbara, California]] has a seep area of about three square kilometers, and releases about 40 tons per day of methane and about 19 tons of reactive organic gas ([[ethane]], [[propane]], [[butane]] and higher hydrocarbons), which is about the same as that released by all the cars and trucks in the county. The liquid [[petroleum]] produces a slick that is many kilometers long and when degraded by [[evaporation]] and [[weathering]], produces tar balls which wash up on the beaches for miles around.

This seep also releases on the order of 100 to 150 barrels of liquid petroleum per day. [http://seeps.geol.ucsb.edu/ Hornafius et al.] The Monterey formation contains about one billion barrels, so at the current leaking rate, it would be emptied of liquid petroleum in about 20,000 years if it were not being replenished. The estimated lifetime of the gas component is even shorter. The field produces about 9 cubic meters of gas per barrel of oil, and so there is about 9,000,000 cubic meters of gas in the reservoir. [http://seeps.geol.ucsb.edu/ Hornafius et al.] The seep would deplete this amount of gas in about 150 years.

==See also ==
* [[Aquifer]]
* [[Spring (hydrosphere)]]

==References==
* Hornafius, J.S.Quigley, D.C., and Luyendyk, B.P. "The world's most spectacular marine hydrocarbon seeps (Coal Oil Point, Santa Barbara Channel, California): Quantification of Emissions", Journal of Geophysical Research, v.104, n. C9, pp. 20,703-20,711, September 15, 1999. [http://seeps.geol.ucsb.edu/]

==External links==
* [http://seeps.wr.usgs.gov/ Natural Oil and Gas Seeps in California]
* [http://seeps.geol.ucsb.edu/ Hyrdocarbon Seeps] This UCSB site has a collection of papers describing a major seep just offshore from Santa Barbara, California.

[[Category:Geology]]

{{Geology-stub}}

Medicine

2006-08-24T08:53:01Z

202.63.226.227: /* Division of Neurosciences */

<center><big>'''Welcome to the School of Medicine!'''</big></center>

[[Image:Physcian examining a child.jpg|right|150px]]
'''[[w:Medicine|Medicine]]''' is the branch of [[w:health science|health science]] and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining or restoring [[w:human|human]] [[w:health|health]] through the study, diagnosis and treatment of [[w:disease|disease]] and [[w:injury|injury]]. It is both an ''area of knowledge'' – a [[w:science|science]] of [[w:body|body]] [[w:organ system|systems]], their diseases and treatment – and the ''applied practice'' of that knowledge. However, ''medicine'' often refers more specifically to matters dealt with by [[w:physician|physicians]] and [[w:surgery|surgeons]].

Medicine is both an area of knowledge (a ''science''), and the application of that knowledge (by the medical profession and other health professionals such as nurses). The various specialized branches of the science of medicine correspond to the equally specialized medical professions dealing with particular organs or diseases. The science of medicine is the knowledge of body systems and diseases, while the [[w:profession|profession]] of medicine refers to the social structure of the group of people formally trained to apply that knowledge to treat disease.

Medicine comprises various specialized sub-branches, such as [[w:cardiology|cardiology]], [[w:pulmonology|pulmonology]], [[w:neurology|neurology]], or other fields such as sports medicine, research or public health.

<div align="right">'''[[w:Medicine|More...]]'''</div>

==Divisions and Departments==
Divisions and Departments of the School exist on pages in "topic" namespace. Start the name of departments with the "Topic:" prefix; departments reside in the [[Wikiversity:Namespaces|Topic: namespace]]. Departments and divisions link to learning materials and learning projects. Divisions can link subdivisions or to departments. For more information on schools, divisions and departments look at the [[Wikiversity:Naming_conventions|Naming Conventions]].

===[[Topic:Basic sciences|Basic sciences]]===
* [[Topic:Chemistry|Chemistry]]
* [[Topic:Physics|Physics]]
* [[Topic:Molecular biology|Molecular biology]]
* [[Topic:Cell Biology|Cell biology]] - Ready for participants.
* [[The Human Body]]
* [[Topic:Anatomy|Anatomy]]
* [[School:Psychology|Psychology]]
* [[Topic:Communication|Communication]]
* [[School:Law|Law]]
* [[Topic:Philosophy|Philosophy]]
* [[Topic:Division of Biology|General Biology]]
* [[Topic:Histology|Histology]]
* [[Topic:Pathology|Pathology]]
* [[Topic:Physiology|Physiology]]
* [[Topic:Immunology|Immunology]]
* [[Topic:Laboratory Techniques|Laboratory Techniques]]

===Medical Specializations / Divisions and Departments===
===Division of Surgery and Anesthesiology===
* [[Topic:Surgery|Surgery]]
** [[Topic:General surgery|General surgery]]
** [[Topic:Cardiothoracic surgery|Cardiothoracic surgery]]
** [[Topic:Neurosurgery|Neurosurgery]]
** [[Topic:Ophthalmology|Ophthalmology]]
** [[Topic:Orthopedic surgery|Orthopedic surgery]]
** [[Topic:Plastic surgery|Plastic surgery]]
** [[Topic:Pediatric surgery|Pediatric surgery]]
** [[Topic:Urology|Urology]]
** [[Topic:Vascular surgery|Vascular surgery]]
* [[Topic:Anesthesiology|Anesthesiology]]
* [[Topic:Emergency Medicine|Emergency Medicine]]
* [[Topic:Intensive care medicine|Intensive care medicine]]

===Division of General and Internal Medicine===
* [[Topic:Internal medicine|Internal medicine]]
**[[Topic:Cardiology|Cardiology]]
**[[Topic:Endocrinology|Endocrinology]]
**[[Topic:Gastroenterology|Gastroenterology]]
**[[Topic:Hematology|Hematology]]
**[[Topic:Infectious diseases|Infectious diseases]]
**[[Topic:Nephrology|Nephrology]]
**[[Topic:Oncology|Oncology]]
**[[Topic:Pulmonology|Pulmonology]]
**[[Topic:Rheumatology|Rheumatology]]
* [[Topic:Dermatology|Dermatology]]
* [[Topic:Otorhinolaryngology|Otorhinolaryngology]]

===Division of Healthcare and General Practice===
* [[Topic:General practice|General practice]]
* [[Topic:Public Health & Occupational Medicine|Public Health & Occupational Medicine]]

===Division of Woman, Child and Geriatric Health===
* [[Topic:Obstetrics & Gynecology|Obstetrics & Gynecology]]
* [[Topic:Pediatrics|Pediatrics]]
* [[Topic:Geriatrics|Geriatrics]]

===Division of Neurosciences===
* [[Topic:Psychiatry|Psychiatry]]
* [[Topic:Neurology|Neurology]]
[Neurosurgery]

===Division of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences===
* [[Topic:Radiology|Radiology]]
* [[Topic:Radiation Oncology|Radiation Oncology]]

===Division of Experimental Medicine===
* [[Topic:Biomedical Informatics|Biomedical Informatics]]

==Active participants==
# [[User:Stevenfruitsmaak|Steven Fruitsmaak]] <small>([[User_talk:Stevenfruitsmaak|Talk]])</small> 00:10, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

==School news==
* '''August 24, 2006''' - School founded! Also most elements transferred from WikiBooks. Let the learning begin!

[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Wikiversity schools|Medicine]]

Medicine

2006-08-24T08:50:52Z

202.63.226.227: /* Division of Neurosciences */

<center><big>'''Welcome to the School of Medicine!'''</big></center>

[[Image:Physcian examining a child.jpg|right|150px]]
'''[[w:Medicine|Medicine]]''' is the branch of [[w:health science|health science]] and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining or restoring [[w:human|human]] [[w:health|health]] through the study, diagnosis and treatment of [[w:disease|disease]] and [[w:injury|injury]]. It is both an ''area of knowledge'' – a [[w:science|science]] of [[w:body|body]] [[w:organ system|systems]], their diseases and treatment – and the ''applied practice'' of that knowledge. However, ''medicine'' often refers more specifically to matters dealt with by [[w:physician|physicians]] and [[w:surgery|surgeons]].

Medicine is both an area of knowledge (a ''science''), and the application of that knowledge (by the medical profession and other health professionals such as nurses). The various specialized branches of the science of medicine correspond to the equally specialized medical professions dealing with particular organs or diseases. The science of medicine is the knowledge of body systems and diseases, while the [[w:profession|profession]] of medicine refers to the social structure of the group of people formally trained to apply that knowledge to treat disease.

Medicine comprises various specialized sub-branches, such as [[w:cardiology|cardiology]], [[w:pulmonology|pulmonology]], [[w:neurology|neurology]], or other fields such as sports medicine, research or public health.

<div align="right">'''[[w:Medicine|More...]]'''</div>

==Divisions and Departments==
Divisions and Departments of the School exist on pages in "topic" namespace. Start the name of departments with the "Topic:" prefix; departments reside in the [[Wikiversity:Namespaces|Topic: namespace]]. Departments and divisions link to learning materials and learning projects. Divisions can link subdivisions or to departments. For more information on schools, divisions and departments look at the [[Wikiversity:Naming_conventions|Naming Conventions]].

===[[Topic:Basic sciences|Basic sciences]]===
* [[Topic:Chemistry|Chemistry]]
* [[Topic:Physics|Physics]]
* [[Topic:Molecular biology|Molecular biology]]
* [[Topic:Cell Biology|Cell biology]] - Ready for participants.
* [[The Human Body]]
* [[Topic:Anatomy|Anatomy]]
* [[School:Psychology|Psychology]]
* [[Topic:Communication|Communication]]
* [[School:Law|Law]]
* [[Topic:Philosophy|Philosophy]]
* [[Topic:Division of Biology|General Biology]]
* [[Topic:Histology|Histology]]
* [[Topic:Pathology|Pathology]]
* [[Topic:Physiology|Physiology]]
* [[Topic:Immunology|Immunology]]
* [[Topic:Laboratory Techniques|Laboratory Techniques]]

===Medical Specializations / Divisions and Departments===
===Division of Surgery and Anesthesiology===
* [[Topic:Surgery|Surgery]]
** [[Topic:General surgery|General surgery]]
** [[Topic:Cardiothoracic surgery|Cardiothoracic surgery]]
** [[Topic:Neurosurgery|Neurosurgery]]
** [[Topic:Ophthalmology|Ophthalmology]]
** [[Topic:Orthopedic surgery|Orthopedic surgery]]
** [[Topic:Plastic surgery|Plastic surgery]]
** [[Topic:Pediatric surgery|Pediatric surgery]]
** [[Topic:Urology|Urology]]
** [[Topic:Vascular surgery|Vascular surgery]]
* [[Topic:Anesthesiology|Anesthesiology]]
* [[Topic:Emergency Medicine|Emergency Medicine]]
* [[Topic:Intensive care medicine|Intensive care medicine]]

===Division of General and Internal Medicine===
* [[Topic:Internal medicine|Internal medicine]]
**[[Topic:Cardiology|Cardiology]]
**[[Topic:Endocrinology|Endocrinology]]
**[[Topic:Gastroenterology|Gastroenterology]]
**[[Topic:Hematology|Hematology]]
**[[Topic:Infectious diseases|Infectious diseases]]
**[[Topic:Nephrology|Nephrology]]
**[[Topic:Oncology|Oncology]]
**[[Topic:Pulmonology|Pulmonology]]
**[[Topic:Rheumatology|Rheumatology]]
* [[Topic:Dermatology|Dermatology]]
* [[Topic:Otorhinolaryngology|Otorhinolaryngology]]

===Division of Healthcare and General Practice===
* [[Topic:General practice|General practice]]
* [[Topic:Public Health & Occupational Medicine|Public Health & Occupational Medicine]]

===Division of Woman, Child and Geriatric Health===
* [[Topic:Obstetrics & Gynecology|Obstetrics & Gynecology]]
* [[Topic:Pediatrics|Pediatrics]]
* [[Topic:Geriatrics|Geriatrics]]

===Division of Neurosciences===
* [[Topic:Psychiatry|Psychiatry]]
* [[Topic:Neurology|Neurology]]
Neurosurgery

===Division of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences===
* [[Topic:Radiology|Radiology]]
* [[Topic:Radiation Oncology|Radiation Oncology]]

===Division of Experimental Medicine===
* [[Topic:Biomedical Informatics|Biomedical Informatics]]

==Active participants==
# [[User:Stevenfruitsmaak|Steven Fruitsmaak]] <small>([[User_talk:Stevenfruitsmaak|Talk]])</small> 00:10, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

==School news==
* '''August 24, 2006''' - School founded! Also most elements transferred from WikiBooks. Let the learning begin!

[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Wikiversity schools|Medicine]]

Medicine

2006-08-24T08:49:38Z

202.63.226.227: /* Division of Neurosciences */

<center><big>'''Welcome to the School of Medicine!'''</big></center>

[[Image:Physcian examining a child.jpg|right|150px]]
'''[[w:Medicine|Medicine]]''' is the branch of [[w:health science|health science]] and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining or restoring [[w:human|human]] [[w:health|health]] through the study, diagnosis and treatment of [[w:disease|disease]] and [[w:injury|injury]]. It is both an ''area of knowledge'' – a [[w:science|science]] of [[w:body|body]] [[w:organ system|systems]], their diseases and treatment – and the ''applied practice'' of that knowledge. However, ''medicine'' often refers more specifically to matters dealt with by [[w:physician|physicians]] and [[w:surgery|surgeons]].

Medicine is both an area of knowledge (a ''science''), and the application of that knowledge (by the medical profession and other health professionals such as nurses). The various specialized branches of the science of medicine correspond to the equally specialized medical professions dealing with particular organs or diseases. The science of medicine is the knowledge of body systems and diseases, while the [[w:profession|profession]] of medicine refers to the social structure of the group of people formally trained to apply that knowledge to treat disease.

Medicine comprises various specialized sub-branches, such as [[w:cardiology|cardiology]], [[w:pulmonology|pulmonology]], [[w:neurology|neurology]], or other fields such as sports medicine, research or public health.

<div align="right">'''[[w:Medicine|More...]]'''</div>

==Divisions and Departments==
Divisions and Departments of the School exist on pages in "topic" namespace. Start the name of departments with the "Topic:" prefix; departments reside in the [[Wikiversity:Namespaces|Topic: namespace]]. Departments and divisions link to learning materials and learning projects. Divisions can link subdivisions or to departments. For more information on schools, divisions and departments look at the [[Wikiversity:Naming_conventions|Naming Conventions]].

===[[Topic:Basic sciences|Basic sciences]]===
* [[Topic:Chemistry|Chemistry]]
* [[Topic:Physics|Physics]]
* [[Topic:Molecular biology|Molecular biology]]
* [[Topic:Cell Biology|Cell biology]] - Ready for participants.
* [[The Human Body]]
* [[Topic:Anatomy|Anatomy]]
* [[School:Psychology|Psychology]]
* [[Topic:Communication|Communication]]
* [[School:Law|Law]]
* [[Topic:Philosophy|Philosophy]]
* [[Topic:Division of Biology|General Biology]]
* [[Topic:Histology|Histology]]
* [[Topic:Pathology|Pathology]]
* [[Topic:Physiology|Physiology]]
* [[Topic:Immunology|Immunology]]
* [[Topic:Laboratory Techniques|Laboratory Techniques]]

===Medical Specializations / Divisions and Departments===
===Division of Surgery and Anesthesiology===
* [[Topic:Surgery|Surgery]]
** [[Topic:General surgery|General surgery]]
** [[Topic:Cardiothoracic surgery|Cardiothoracic surgery]]
** [[Topic:Neurosurgery|Neurosurgery]]
** [[Topic:Ophthalmology|Ophthalmology]]
** [[Topic:Orthopedic surgery|Orthopedic surgery]]
** [[Topic:Plastic surgery|Plastic surgery]]
** [[Topic:Pediatric surgery|Pediatric surgery]]
** [[Topic:Urology|Urology]]
** [[Topic:Vascular surgery|Vascular surgery]]
* [[Topic:Anesthesiology|Anesthesiology]]
* [[Topic:Emergency Medicine|Emergency Medicine]]
* [[Topic:Intensive care medicine|Intensive care medicine]]

===Division of General and Internal Medicine===
* [[Topic:Internal medicine|Internal medicine]]
**[[Topic:Cardiology|Cardiology]]
**[[Topic:Endocrinology|Endocrinology]]
**[[Topic:Gastroenterology|Gastroenterology]]
**[[Topic:Hematology|Hematology]]
**[[Topic:Infectious diseases|Infectious diseases]]
**[[Topic:Nephrology|Nephrology]]
**[[Topic:Oncology|Oncology]]
**[[Topic:Pulmonology|Pulmonology]]
**[[Topic:Rheumatology|Rheumatology]]
* [[Topic:Dermatology|Dermatology]]
* [[Topic:Otorhinolaryngology|Otorhinolaryngology]]

===Division of Healthcare and General Practice===
* [[Topic:General practice|General practice]]
* [[Topic:Public Health & Occupational Medicine|Public Health & Occupational Medicine]]

===Division of Woman, Child and Geriatric Health===
* [[Topic:Obstetrics & Gynecology|Obstetrics & Gynecology]]
* [[Topic:Pediatrics|Pediatrics]]
* [[Topic:Geriatrics|Geriatrics]]

===Division of Neurosciences===
* [[Topic:Psychiatry|Psychiatry]]
* [[Topic:Neurology|Neurology]]
* [[Topic:Neurosurgery Neurosurgery]]

===Division of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences===
* [[Topic:Radiology|Radiology]]
* [[Topic:Radiation Oncology|Radiation Oncology]]

===Division of Experimental Medicine===
* [[Topic:Biomedical Informatics|Biomedical Informatics]]

==Active participants==
# [[User:Stevenfruitsmaak|Steven Fruitsmaak]] <small>([[User_talk:Stevenfruitsmaak|Talk]])</small> 00:10, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

==School news==
* '''August 24, 2006''' - School founded! Also most elements transferred from WikiBooks. Let the learning begin!

[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Wikiversity schools|Medicine]]

Archive:Fanboy

2006-03-02T11:40:27Z

202.63.55.96: NPOV changes, tightened language

{{mergefrom|Nintendophile}}

'''Fanboy''' or '''fanboi''' is a term used to describe a male who is utterly devoted to a single subject or [[hobby]], often to the point where it is considered an [[obsession]].

==History of fanboys and the term==
The term originated in [[comic book]] circles, to describe someone who immersed himself in the fictional worlds of comics and the culture of comics fandom, to the exclusion of a more mainstream social life. The term is often used in a derogatory manner by other, less serious fans of the same material. Some fans use the term to label themselves; in the songs of the fannish [[parody]] [[musician]] [[Luke Ski]], many characters proudly consider themselves ''fanboys''. The term is usually applied to people in their teens or 20s. Within this group, common subjects of reverence by fanboys are [[TV show]]s, [[film|movie]]s, [[anime]], [[car]]s, [[video game console]]s, [[video games]], [[operating system]]s, [[MMORPG]]s, and [[software]] companies.

The stereotypical image of the fanboy is as an unkempt, socially awkward, and generally unattractive figure of a young man who appears as a loud mouthed [[pseudo-intellectual]]. A popular depiction of this stereotype is the [[Comic Book Guy]] on ''[[The Simpsons]]''. In the mid [[1990s]], the emergence of [[slacker]] culture changed this image somewhat. Movies such as [[Kevin Smith]]'s Jersey Trilogy (''[[Clerks]]'', ''[[Mallrats]]'', and ''[[Chasing Amy]]''), altered the image of the fanboy. As electronic entertainment gained popularity, the term became increasingly applied to video gamers and television addicts. As a result, a subculture emerged which readily labeled itself as fanboys. Within this group, more effort is taken to fit in with a perceived standard, resulting in a more outgoing attitude, even among those with insecurities. Those not as deeply involved in the culture often view this attitude as abrasive.

One example of this behavior is found in the [[video game industry]], where fans of any given [[video game console]] manufacturer can exhibit very high levels of devotion to their brand of choice, often at the expense of considering competing brands objectively. This attitude can lead to rudeness towards fans of competing brands or towards those who do not share their level of devotion to their console of choice. This pattern has contributed to a more negative connotation of the term.

Fanboys are often perceived as possessing a [[sycophant]]ic devotion to the creators behind the object of their passion, but also as being likely to move their focus quickly elsewhere with just as much passion, once something else catches their attention.
One example of this is [[Harry Knowles]] and his associates at [[Ain't It Cool News]], whose particular focus is on [[film|movies]] in the [[action movie|action]], [[fantasy]], adventure and [[superhero]] genres.
Fanboys are also perceived as having a strong emotional attachment to the object of their devotion, often responding to negative remarks about it as though they were personal attacks.

==Some common types of fanboys==
===Video game fanboys===
After comic books, video games may be the most fruitful environment for fanboys. These include
*[[Nintendo]] Fanboys (sometimes called a "Ninty" or "Drone", short for "Nintendrone")
*[[Sony]] Fanboys (sometimes called "Tools", short for "PSTool" which is derived from Sony's current entertainment console, the [[PS2]])
*[[Xbox]] Fanboys (sometimes called "Xbots")
*[[Sega]] Fanboys

On the [[GameSpot]] System Wars forum, as well as SystemWars.com [http://www.systemwars.com/forums/], the different schools of video game fanboys are associated with various animals. Nintendo fanboys are called "[[sheep]]" because of their perceived willingness to be herded by Nintendo. Sony fanboys are called "[[Cattle|cows]]" because of the perception they pay extra, i.e. are "milked" by Sony for optional features for their equipment of choice. Microsoft fanboys are called "[[Lemming|lemmings]]" because of the perception they follow Microsoft blindly, even if it leads to their demise. Similarly, PC fanboys are called "[[hermits]]" because they are perceived as solitary, friendless gamers who play by themselves.

===Anime fanboys===
Anime is another fertile breeding ground for fanboys. Some notable examples are:
*[[Dragon Ball]] Fanboys (get hung up on names, especially [[romanji]])
*[[Sailor Moon]] Fanboys (very strict about [[manga]] continuity)
*[[Inuyasha]] Fangirls (generally, they're all [[female]], but display all the traits of fanboys)

==In Media==
===Comic Book===
*[[Sergio Aragonés]]' ''Fanboy''

===Television===
*[[The Simpsons]]' [[Comic Book Guy]]

===Radio/Podcasts===
*[[Fanboy Radio]] - [http://fanboyradio.com]
*Drooling FanBoy - [http://droolingfanboy.com]

===Webcomics===
*[[Fanboy Almanac (webcomic)]] - [http://fanboyalmanac.com Fanboy Almanac]
*[http://www.ngeb.net/fanboys Fanboys web comic]

==See also==
* [[addiction]]
* [[otaku]]
* [[anorak (slang)|anorak]]

[[Category:Fandom]]

[[de:Fanboy]]