IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]

Principles of Management

2008-06-19T02:41:08Z

203.177.145.68: /* The Principles */

The Principles of Management are the essential, underlying factors that form the foundations of successful management. According to Henri Fayol (1841-1925) in his book ''General and Industrial Management'', there are fourteen 'principles of management'.

== The Principles ==
Management principles are statements of fundamental truth. These principles serve as guidelines for decisions and actions of managers.
They are derived through observation and analysis of events which managers have to face in actual practice.

1. '''Division of Work -'''

The specialization of the workforce, creating specific personal and professional development within the labour force and therefore increasing productivity; leads to specialization which increases the efficiency of labour. By separating a small part of work, the workers speed and accuracy in its performance increases. This principle is applicable to both technical as well as managerial work.

2. '''Authority and Responsibility-'''

The issue of commands followed by responsibility for their consequences. Authority means the right of a superior to give order to his subordinates; responsibility means obligation for performance.
This principle suggests that there must be parity between authority and responsibilty.. They are co-existent and go together, and are two sides of the same coin.

3. '''Discipline-'''

Discipline refers to obedience, proper conduct in relation to others, respect of authority, etc. It is essential for the smooth functioning of all organizations.

4. '''Unity of Command -'''

This principle states that every subordinate should receive orders and be accountable to one and only one superior. If an employee receives orders from more than one superior, it is likely to create confusion and conflict.

Unity of Command also makes it easier to fix responsibility for mistakes.

5. '''Unity of Direction -'''

All those working in the same line of activity must understand and pursue the same objectives. All related activities should be put under one group, there should be one plan of action for them, and they should be under the control of one manager.

It seeks to ensure unity of action, focusing of efforts and coordination of strength.

6. '''Subordination of Individual Interest'''

The management must put aside personal considerations and put company objectives first. Therefore the interests of goals of the organization must prevail over the personal interests of individuals.

7. '''Remuneration -'''

Workers must be paid sufficiently as this is a chief motivation of employees and therefore greatly influences productivity. The quantum and methods of remuneration payable should be fair, reasonable and rewarding of effort.

8. '''The Degree of Centralization -'''

The amount of power wielded with the central management depends on company size. Centralization implies the concentration of decision making authority at the top management. Sharing of authority with lower levels is called decentralization. The organization should strive to achieve a proper balance.

9. '''Scalar Chain -'''

Scalar Chain refers to the chain of superiors ranging from top management to the lowest rank. The principle suggests that there should be a clear line of authority from top to bottom linking all managers at all levels. It is considered a chain of command.

10. '''Order -'''

Social order ensures the fluid operation of a company through authoritative procedure. Material order ensures safety and efficiency in the workplace.

11. '''Equity -'''

Employees must be treated kindly, and justice must be enacted to ensure a just workplace. Managers should be fair and impartial when dealing with employees.

12. '''Stability of Tenure of Personnel -'''

The period of service should not be too short and employees should not be moved from positions frequently. An employee cannot render useful service if he is removed before he becomes accustomed to the work assigned to him.

13. '''Initiative -'''

Using the initiative of employees can add strength and new ideas to an organization. Initiative on the part of employees is a source of strength for the organization because it provides new and better ideas. Employees are likely to take greater interest in the functioning of the organization.

14. '''Esprit de Corps -'''

This refers to the need of managers to ensure and develop morale in the workplace; individually and communally. Team spirit helps develop an atmosphere of mutual trust and understanding.

These can be used to initiate and aid the processes of change, organization, decision making, skill management and the overall view of the management function.

Fayol also divided the management function into five key roles:
*To organise
*To plan and forecast (Prevoyance)
*To command
*To control
*To coordinate

== Further Reading - ==
*Administration Industrielle et Général, Henri Fayol, 1917

== Sources - ==
#http://www.12manage.com/methods_fayol_14_principles_of_management.html
#Administration Industrielle et Général, Henri Fayol, 1917

== About the Contributor ==
Grant Robinson is a student from Kent, England, and was the Managing Director of Apex Event Management, an award-winning Young Enterprise company. His username is RobbiG.

==See also==
* [[School:Business]]
* [[Topic:Master of Business Administration]]
* [[Topic:Business research]]
* [[Topic:Start-Up Business Financing]]
* [[Topic:International Business]]

[[Category:Management]]
[[Category:Principles]]

Archive:PinoyExchange

2008-02-11T06:02:51Z

203.177.108.132:

'''PinoyExchange''' (PEX) is a [[Filipino people|Filipino]] online message board community founded by Dr. Michael Nolledo a.k.a. "batanguliran" with help from close family members on [[July 12]], [[1999]]. As of [[December 10]], [[2007]], PEX has over 22,616,578 posts made by 233,031 members, making it the largest message board in the country by far.
[[Image:Pex_logo.gif|right|thumb|PEX's official logo.]]

==History==
[[Image:Pex_screenshot.gif|left|thumb|PEX in this [[2001]] screenshot.]] PEX was originally conceptualized by the [[New Jersey, USA|New Jersey]]-based Dr. Michael Nolledo as an outlet for Filipinos to discuss and debate local issues. Hindered by geographical limitations, Michael enlisted the help of his brother [[Nix Nolledo]] a.k.a. Nix, his brother-in-law Marco Lucena a.k.a. marco (who was later replaced by Michael Palacios a.k.a. Mikoid as lead designer and technical consultant), and most importantly his nephew Jude Turcuato a.k.a. Kaboom! who helped generate interest by plugging the forum during televised [[UAAP]] basketball games in which he worked as a [[commentator]].

Although the forum reached 2,000 members before the turn of the century it was not until [[Sprite (soft drink)|Sprite]]'s [[2001]] ad campaign that PEX enjoyed its highest exposure. As a result of the rapid increase in traffic, PEX upgraded its dated, [[Common Gateway Interface|CGI]]-based [[Ultimate Bulletin Board]] software to the more robust [[PHP]]-powered [[VBulletin]] and introduced "Premium Packages" in which subscribers gain added features.

=== PEX Omeng (Romeo Miranda) won the Philippine Bid Challenge ===
On [[October 22]], [[2007]], PEX member, LAFI poster, OMENG (Mr. Romeo Miranda) in an awards gala at the AIM Conference Center in [[Makati City]], won the top award of the 10 best entries who made it. Of 221 total entries and 50 finalists, OMENG's premium [[Coconut Charcoal]] was 2nd of top 2 named national winners and qualified him / their respective authors to compete in the worldwide phase in the [[Netherlands]], 1st week, December. The winners were "KingsGrill" by Romy Miranda and Conrado Contreras, and "Tire Recycling" by Gene Bonggo: "KINGSGRILL" by Romy Miranda & Conrado Contreras. Kingsgrill produces a quick-to-light, biodegradable, environment-friendly, safe and economical source of alternative fuel; it's a charcoal solution, which is a collaboration with CMC Ventures and Filgenuity, Inc. in Scandinavian countries."<ref>[http://business.inquirer.net/money/features/view_article.php?article_id=97321 Inquirer.net, Poverty reduction main business of BiD Challenge]</ref>

==Controversy==
PEX routinely places advertisements (occasionally [[Macromedia Flash|Flash-based]]) in various parts of the board in order to pay for their exorbitant [[webhosting|hosting]] bills, a fact that can't be underscored enough by constant "server busy" messages and downtime. Unfortunately this move elicited scorn from a select few who equated the ad-placements to greed and [[monopoly]] <ref>[http://www.pinoyexchange.com/forums/showpost.php?p=3504883&postcount=82 Kailan po kaya maibabalik ang SEARCH function?] ''[http://www.pinoyexchange.com Pinoy Exchange]''</ref><ref>[http://www.pinoyexchange.com/forums/showthread.php?t=139691 PEx is becoming like PLDT, Skycable, Meralco, etc.] ''[http://www.pinoyexchange.com Pinoy Exchange]''</ref><ref> [http://www.pinoyexchange.com/forums/showthread.php?t=101249 Is PEX a monopoly?] ''[http://www.pinoyexchange.com Pinoy Exchange]''</ref> although there have been many garish local Internet forums <ref>[http://www.pinoyforum.com Pinoy Forum]</ref><ref>[http://www.alimasag.com Barrio Alamasag]</ref><ref>[http://www.praning.com Praning]</ref><ref>[http://www.gwapo.com Gwapo]</ref><ref>[http://www.Femalenetwork.com Female Network]</ref><ref>[http://www.pinoytambayan.com Pinoy Tambayan]</ref> that have attempted to compete with PEX through the years such as the short-lived '''Rebelde''' who paid members for their contributions.

Other gripes concern features that are found in other message boards such as [[avatar (computing)|avatars]] and [[signature block|signatures]] that were available at one point but subsequently removed due to nagging [[bandwidth]] issues. <ref> [http://www.pinoyexchange.com/forums/showpost.php?p=14489740&postcount=2 Server is Busy] ''[http://www.pinoyexchange.com Pinoy Exchange]''</ref><ref> [http://www.pinoyexchange.com/forums/showpost.php?p=14165065&postcount=54 Server Is Always Busy] ''[http://www.pinoyexchange.com Pinoy Exchange]''</ref> To address this, PEX introduced ''PEX Plus'' in [[2001]] that allows subscribers to make use of the aforementioned features in addition to search capabilities (a feature open to normal users nowadays) and exclusion from "server busy" messages; the service is currently in hiatus.

==Forums on Pinoy Exchange==
===Sports and Recreation===
* '''Sports Center''' - Dedicated to the discussion of sports.
* '''In The Zone''' - Added in 2004 to cut down the large percentage of [[basketball]] threads that used to dominate '''Sports Center'''. Hosts annual fantasy leagues each year with PEXFL (Pinoy Exchange Fantasy League) and B.A.N.O. (Basketball Association of New Owners) currently on its third and second year respectively.
* '''Electronic Gaming''' - Console wars and debates as well as arcade and PC gaming.

===Entertainment===
*'''Music and Radio''' - Music-related discussions.
*'''Local Movies and TV'''
:*'''Celebrities'''- Forum for the latest news about local actors and actresses.
:*'''TV Programs''' - Forum about the programs on [[List of Philippine television shows|Philippine Television]].
:*'''Movies''' - Forum about Filipino movies.
:*'''General Movies and TV''' - Forum about the local entertainment industry.
*'''International Movies and TV''' - Topics on foreign films and television programs.
*'''Anime and Manga''' - Dwelling place for [[otaku|otakus]] or those interested in [[anime]] and [[manga]].

===Atin Ito: Our Culture===
* '''Buhay Pinoy''' - General Pinoy talk.
* '''Love, Courtship and Marriage'''
:* '''Principles, Practices & Preferences''' - Forum to talk about "your beliefs when it comes to love and how you translate them into action."
:* '''Dilemmas''' - Forum for discussing problems related to love and relationships.
:* '''Stories & Experiences''' - Forum for sharing stories and other personal experiences regarding love and relationships.
:* '''The Singles Scene''' - Dedicated to the single life, and for interacting with other singles. Two groups, namely the ''NSG'' (Next Singles Gimik) and ''Singles' Happy House (formerly known as Singles' Couch),'' regularly hold ''eyeballs'' (or parties) to foster camaraderie among PExers.
:* '''Alternative Preferences''' - Forum to discuss [[homosexuality]] and other alternative relationships.
:* '''Intimacy & Passion''' - Forum for discussing [[sex|sexuality]] and other forms of physical intimacy.
* '''Family, Friends and Society'''

===The Digital World===
* '''Technology Today''' - Computers, gadgets and non-game electronic device discussions.

===Administrator's Forum===
* '''Announcements and Suggestions''' - User feedback, complaints and suggestions and forum announcements.

==Moderators==
As of [[February 26]], [[2007]], there are 17 [[forum moderator|moderators]].

==Trivia==
* Its members identify themselves as "PExers".
* Known celebrity PEXers include [[Pia Guanio]], Jim Paredes, [[Luis Manzano]], [[Say Alonzo]], [[Heart Evangelista]], [[Anne Curtis]], [[Toni Gonzaga]], [[Angelica Panganiban]], [[Angelika dela Cruz]], [[Angel Locsin]], Gina Alajar, [[Ryza Cenon]],[[Abdulnasif Dimaporo]], [[Kat Alano]], [[Ehra Madrigal]], [[Iwa Moto]], [[Katrina Halili]] and [[Yasmien Kurdi]] as well as radio broadcaster Butch Maniego.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.pinoyexchange.com Pinoy Exchange.com]

[[Category:Community websites]]
[[Category:Internet forums]]
[[Category:Philippine web media]]

Archive:PinoyExchange

2007-02-22T11:09:18Z

203.177.144.9: /* Atin Ito: Our Culture */

'''PinoyExchange''' (PEX) is a [[Filipino people|Filipino]] online message board community founded by Dr. Michael Nolledo a.k.a. "batanguliran" with help from close family members on [[July 12]], [[1999]]. As of [[January 31]], [[2007]] PEX ranks no. 27 over-all in Big Boards' worldwide ranking and features over 18,400,814 posts made by 192,395 members, making it the largest message board in the country by far.

[[Image:Pex_logo.gif|right|thumb|PEX's official logo.]]

==History==
[[Image:Pex_screenshot.gif|left|250px||thumb|PEX in this [[2001]] screenshot.]] PEX was originally conceptualized by the [[New Jersey, USA|New Jersey]]-based Dr. Michael Nolledo as an outlet for Filipinos to discuss and debate local issues. Hindered by geographical limitations, Michael enlisted the help of his brother [[Nix Nolledo]] a.k.a. Nix, his brother-in-law Marco Lucena a.k.a. marco (who was later replaced by Michael Palacios a.k.a. Mikoid as lead designer and technical consultant), and most importantly his nephew Jude Turcuato a.k.a. Kaboom! who helped generate interest by plugging the forum during televised [[UAAP]] basketball games in which he worked as a [[commentator]].

Although the forum reached 2,000 members before the turn of the century it was not until [[Sprite (soft drink)|Sprite's]] [[2001]] ad campaign that PEX enjoyed its highest exposure. As a result of the rapid increase in traffic, PEX upgraded its dated, [[Common Gateway Interface|CGI]]-based [[Ultimate Bulletin Board]] software to the more robust [[PHP]]-powered [[VBulletin]] and introduced "Premium Packages" in which subscribers gain added features. The latter was scrapped not long after.

==Controversy==
PEX routinely places advertisements (occasionally [[Macromedia Flash|Flash-based]]) in various parts of the board in order to pay for their exorbitant [[webhosting|hosting]] bills, a fact that can't be underscored enough by constant "server busy" messages and downtime. Unfortunately this move elicits scorn from a select few who equate the ad-placements to greed and [[monopoly]] although there have been many garish local Internet forums that have attempted to compete with PEX through the years such as the short-lived '''Rebelde''' who paid members for their contributions.

Other gripes concern features that are found in other message boards such as [[avatar (icon)|avatars]] and [[signature block|signatures]] that was available at one point but subsequently removed due to nagging [[bandwidth]] issues. To address this, PEX introduced ''PEX Plus'' in [[2001]] that allows subscribers to make use of the aforementioned features in addition to search capabilities (a feature open to normal users nowadays) and exclusion from "server busy" messages; the service is currently unavailable.

==Forums on Pinoy Exchange==
===Sports and Recreation===
* '''Sports Center''' - Dedicated to the discussion of sports.
* '''In The Zone''' - Added in 2004 to cut down the large percentage of [[basketball]] threads that used to dominate '''Sports Center'''. Hosts annual fantasy leagues each year with PEXFL (Pinoy Exchange Fantasy League) and B.A.N.O. (Basketball Association of New Owners) currently on its third and second year respectively.

===Entertainment===
*'''Music and Radio''' - Music-related discussions.
*'''Local Movies and TV'''
:*'''Celebrities'''- Forum for the latest news about local actors and actresses.
:*'''TV Programs''' - Forum about the programs on [[List_of_Philippine_television_shows|Philippine Television]].
:*'''Movies''' - Forum about Filipino movies.
:*'''General Movies and TV''' - Forum about the local entertainment industry.
*'''International Movies and TV''' - Topics on foreign films and television programs.
*'''Anime and Manga''' - Dwelling place for [[otaku|otakus]] or those interested in [[anime]] and [[manga]].

===Atin Ito: Our Culture===
* '''Buhay Pinoy''' - General Pinoy talk.
* '''Love, Courtship and Marriage'''
:* '''Principles, Practices & Preferences''' - Forum to talk about "your beliefs when it comes to love and how you translate them into action."
:* '''Dilemmas''' - Forum for discussing problems related to love and relationships.
:* '''Stories & Experiences''' - Forum for sharing stories and other personal experiences regarding love and relationships.
:* '''The Singles Scene''' - Dedicated to the single life, and for interacting with other singles. Two groups, namely the ''NSG'' Next Singles Gimik) and ''Singles' Happy House (formerly known as Singles' Couch),'' regularly hold ''eyeballs'' (or parties) to foster camaraderie among PExers.
:* '''Alternative Preferences''' - Forum to discuss [[homosexuality]] and other alternative relationships.
:* '''Intimacy & Passion''' - Forum for discussing [[sexuality]] and other forms of physical intimacy.
* '''Family, Friends and Society'''

==Moderators==
As of [[December 18]] [[2006]] there are 18 moderators.
* '''KuyaDanny''' (all forums)
* '''neth_row''' (Sports Center, In The Zone)
* '''Mokkori''' (Hobbies and Recreation, The Pitstop)
* '''rave''' (Electronic Gaming)
* '''Mister Dean''' (Music and Radio)
* '''Pandaemonaeon''' (Music and Radio)
* '''Ophelia_Kills''' (Local Movies and TV)
* '''avonlea''' (Local Movies and TV, International Movies and TV)
* '''bleargh''' (Local Movies and TV)
* '''kartoonista''' (Anime and Manga, Realm of Thought)
* '''uptowngirl''' (Buhay Pinoy, Family, Friends and Society)
* '''Zen''' (Personals, Small Talk, Love, Courtship and Marriage)
* '''smilewarrior''' (What's Up Doc?)
* '''Misa Hayase ''' (What's Up Doc?)
* '''Leigh''' (Filipinos Everywhere, The Working Filipino)
* '''tina11''' (Parenting 101, Food and Drinks, Arts and Literature, Campus Chat)
* '''legolass''' (Local and Foreign Issues)
* '''Philstar''' (Philstar.com Community Board)
* '''ginoledesma''' (Technology Today)

==Trivia==
* Its members identify themselves as "PEXers".
* Known celebrity posters include TV show hosts [[Pia Guanio]], Jim Paredes, Luis Manzano, Say Alonzo, Heart Evangelista, Anne Curtis, Gina Alajar, Ryza Cenon, and [[Kat Alano]] as well as radio broadcaster Butch Maniego.

==External links==
* [http://www.pinoyexchange.com Pinoy Exchange.com]
* [http://www.myayala.com MyAyala.com]

[[Category:Internet forums]]

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2005-07-31T14:37:22Z

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