IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]

Archive:Miroslav Mišković

2008-09-20T16:20:18Z

217.65.194.4:

{{Infobox Celebrity
| image = Replace this image male.svg 
| image_size = 150px |
| name = Miroslav Mišković
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|6|5}}
| birth_place = [[Bošnjane]], [[Serbia]] {{flagicon|SER}}, [[Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia|Democratic Federal Yugoslavia]]
| occupation = [[President]], [[Delta Holding]]
| networth = {{gain}} [[United States dollar|US$]] 2 billion, [http://najbogatsieuropejczycy.wprost.pl The list of the 100 richest persons in the post-communist countries]
| spouse = Ljiljana Mišković
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Miroslav Mišković''' ([[Serbian language|Serbian]] [[Cyrillic]]: '''Мирослав Мишковић''') (born [[July 5]], [[1945]] in [[Bošnjane|Bošnjane village]],near [[Varvarin]], [[Serbia]], [[Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia|Democratic Federal Yugoslavia]]) is a [[Serbia]]n [[businessman]], the owner of [[Delta Holding]]. He is considered to be the second richest person in Serbia, behind [[Philip Zepter]], with a wealth estimated at approximately [[Dollar|$]] 2 billion as of 2007, according to the list of 100 wealthiest persons of the post-communist countries made by [[Poland|Polish]] magazine ''[[Wprost]]''.<ref>[http://najbogatsieuropejczycy.wprost.pl The wealthiest in post-communist countries]</ref> Mišković holds 42nd place on this list, but is fifth among the [[tycoon]]s outside the former [[Soviet Union]]. According to the [[List of billionaires (2007) 100-946|2007 list of the richest people in the world]], published annually by [[Forbes|Forbes magazine]], Mišković is a newcomer to this list, taking the 891st spot, with a net worth of [[Dollar|$]]1 billion. He is the first person from Serbia to enter this list.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Miroslav-Miskovic_CVDZ.html 2007 Forbes' annual billionaires' list]</ref>

Mišković was born in [[Bošnjane]], near [[Varvarin]], and he graduated from high school in [[Kruševac]], before moving to [[Belgrade]] and getting his degree in [[economics]] in 1971. Afterwards, he worked at [[Jugobanka]] and [[Trayal]] in Kruševac until 1977, when he moved to [[Župa Chemical Industries]]. There, he became financial director in 1984 and [[chief executive officer|chief executive]] in 1987, holding this position until 1990, when he was appointed a Serbian deputy prime minister. Mišković held office for only six months. Meanwhile, Mišković founded Delta M (Delta M being a sort of abbreviation of his initials - ''double M''), a company that became very successful in the following years, during the [[Yugoslav wars]] and under the regime of [[Slobodan Milošević]]. Soon afterwards, he launched [[Banca Intesa Beograd|Delta banka]] (sold to [[Banca Intesa]] in 2005), that was to become the first part of Mišković's extremely successful [[Delta Holding]] corporation that is involved in agribusiness, retail sales, distribution, financial brokerage, real estate development and insurance.

Mišković's connection to [[Slobodan Milošević]] was never obvious, except for his short stint as deputy prime minister in 1990. After the [[5th October Overthrow|overthrow of Milošević's regime]], Mišković was linked to [[Dušan Mihajlović (politician)|Dušan Mihajlović]], the minister of police at the time, and the other leaders of the [[Democratic Opposition of Serbia]] coalition. Mišković is today considered to be an important political figure with a great deal of influence on the leading politicians in Serbia.

Mišković was abducted on [[April 9]], [[2001]], but was released the next day, when the ransom (estimated at about [[German mark|DM]] 7 million) was paid 18 hours later. After the assassination of Serbian Prime Minister [[Zoran Đinđić]] [[March 12]], [[2003]], the abduction of Mišković was attributed to the same group that has been convicted of the death of the prime minister, indicating a possibility of other connections between the two crimes.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Miroslav-Miskovic_CVDZ.html Mišković's biography at Forbes.com]
* [http://www.b92.net/info/kojeko/miskovic.php Mišković's biography at B92.net] (in Serbian)
* [http://www.serbian-business-club.co.yu/biografije/miskovic-deltaholding.htm Mišković's biography at Serbian Business Club.co.yu] (in Serbian)
* [http://www.vreme.com/cms/view.php?id=449550 Mišković's biography at Vreme.com] (in Serbian)
* [http://najbogatsieuropejczycy.wprost.pl The list of the 100 richest persons in the post-communist countries at Wprost.pl]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Miskovic, Miroslav}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Serbian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Delta Holding]]
[[Category:Kidnapped businesspeople]]
[[Category:Serbian billionaires]]
[[Category:Kidnapped Serbian people]]

[[sr:Мирослав Мишковић]]

Archive:Miroslav Mišković

2008-09-20T16:18:51Z

217.65.194.4:

{{Infobox Celebrity
| image = Replace this image male.svg 
| image_size = 150px |
| name = Miroslav Mišković
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|6|5}}
| birth_place = [[Bošnjane]], [[Serbia]] {{flagicon|SER}}, [[Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia|Democratic Federal Yugoslavia]]
| occupation = [[President]], [[Delta Holding]]
| networth = {{gain}} [[United States dollar|US$]] 2 billion, [http://najbogatsieuropejczycy.wprost.pl The list of the 100 richest persons in the post-communist countries]
| spouse = Ljiljana Mišković
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Miroslav Mišković''' ([[Serbian language|Serbian]] [[Cyrillic]]: '''Мирослав Мишковић''') (born [[July 5]], [[1945]] in [[Bošnjane|Bošnjane village]], on je KURAC near [[Varvarin]], [[Serbia]], [[Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia|Democratic Federal Yugoslavia]]) is a [[Serbia]]n [[businessman]], the owner of [[Delta Holding]]. He is considered to be the second richest person in Serbia, behind [[Philip Zepter]], with a wealth estimated at approximately [[Dollar|$]] 2 billion as of 2007, according to the list of 100 wealthiest persons of the post-communist countries made by [[Poland|Polish]] magazine ''[[Wprost]]''.<ref>[http://najbogatsieuropejczycy.wprost.pl The wealthiest in post-communist countries]</ref> Mišković holds 42nd place on this list, but is fifth among the [[tycoon]]s outside the former [[Soviet Union]]. According to the [[List of billionaires (2007) 100-946|2007 list of the richest people in the world]], published annually by [[Forbes|Forbes magazine]], Mišković is a newcomer to this list, taking the 891st spot, with a net worth of [[Dollar|$]]1 billion. He is the first person from Serbia to enter this list.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Miroslav-Miskovic_CVDZ.html 2007 Forbes' annual billionaires' list]</ref>

Mišković was born in [[Bošnjane]], near [[Varvarin]], and he graduated from high school in [[Kruševac]], before moving to [[Belgrade]] and getting his degree in [[economics]] in 1971. Afterwards, he worked at [[Jugobanka]] and [[Trayal]] in Kruševac until 1977, when he moved to [[Župa Chemical Industries]]. There, he became financial director in 1984 and [[chief executive officer|chief executive]] in 1987, holding this position until 1990, when he was appointed a Serbian deputy prime minister. Mišković held office for only six months. Meanwhile, Mišković founded Delta M (Delta M being a sort of abbreviation of his initials - ''double M''), a company that became very successful in the following years, during the [[Yugoslav wars]] and under the regime of [[Slobodan Milošević]]. Soon afterwards, he launched [[Banca Intesa Beograd|Delta banka]] (sold to [[Banca Intesa]] in 2005), that was to become the first part of Mišković's extremely successful [[Delta Holding]] corporation that is involved in agribusiness, retail sales, distribution, financial brokerage, real estate development and insurance.

Mišković's connection to [[Slobodan Milošević]] was never obvious, except for his short stint as deputy prime minister in 1990. After the [[5th October Overthrow|overthrow of Milošević's regime]], Mišković was linked to [[Dušan Mihajlović (politician)|Dušan Mihajlović]], the minister of police at the time, and the other leaders of the [[Democratic Opposition of Serbia]] coalition. Mišković is today considered to be an important political figure with a great deal of influence on the leading politicians in Serbia.

Mišković was abducted on [[April 9]], [[2001]], but was released the next day, when the ransom (estimated at about [[German mark|DM]] 7 million) was paid 18 hours later. After the assassination of Serbian Prime Minister [[Zoran Đinđić]] [[March 12]], [[2003]], the abduction of Mišković was attributed to the same group that has been convicted of the death of the prime minister, indicating a possibility of other connections between the two crimes.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Miroslav-Miskovic_CVDZ.html Mišković's biography at Forbes.com]
* [http://www.b92.net/info/kojeko/miskovic.php Mišković's biography at B92.net] (in Serbian)
* [http://www.serbian-business-club.co.yu/biografije/miskovic-deltaholding.htm Mišković's biography at Serbian Business Club.co.yu] (in Serbian)
* [http://www.vreme.com/cms/view.php?id=449550 Mišković's biography at Vreme.com] (in Serbian)
* [http://najbogatsieuropejczycy.wprost.pl The list of the 100 richest persons in the post-communist countries at Wprost.pl]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Miskovic, Miroslav}}
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Serbian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Delta Holding]]
[[Category:Kidnapped businesspeople]]
[[Category:Serbian billionaires]]
[[Category:Kidnapped Serbian people]]

[[sr:Мирослав Мишковић]]

Immunology basics

2005-02-24T12:20:38Z

217.65.98.209: hu link

'''Immunology''' is a broad branch of [[biomedical science|biomedical]] [[science]] that covers study of all aspects of the [[immune system]] in all [[organism]]s. It deals with, among other things, the [[physiology|physiological]] functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders ([[autoimmune diseases]], [[hypersensitivity|hypersensitivities]], [[immune deficiency]], [[transplant|allograph]] rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system [[in vitro]], [[in situ]], and [[in vivo]]. Immunology has various applications in several disciplines of science, and as such is further divided.

==Histological examination of the immune system==

Before even the concept of [[immunity]] was developed numerous early physicians characterised organs that would later prove to be part of the immune system. The key organs of the immune system are [[thymus]], [[spleen]], [[bone marrow]], [[lymphatic system|lymph vessels]], [[lymph node]]s and secondary lymphatic tissues such as [[tonsil]]s and [[adenoid]]s) and [[skin]]. The major organs, the thymus and spleen, are examined [[histology|histologically]] only post-mortem during [[autopsy]]. However some lymph nodes, and secondary lymphatic tissues can be [[surgery|surgically]] excised for examination while patients are still alive.

Many components of the immune system are actually [[cell (biology)|cell]]ular in nature and not associated with any specific organ, but imbedded or circulating in various [[tissue (anatomy)|tissues]] located about the body.

==Classical immunology==

Classical immunology ties in with the fields of [[epidemiology]] and [[medicine]]. It studies the relationship between the body systems, [[pathogen]]s and immunity. The earliest written mention of immunity can be traced back to the [[plague]] of [[Athens]] in [[430 BC]]. [[Thucydides]] noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could [[nurse]] the sick without coming down with the illness a second time. Many other ancient societies have references to this phenomenom but it was not until the [[19th century|19th]] and [[20th century|20th centuries]] before the concept developed into scientic theory.

The study of molecular and cellular components that comprise the immune system, including their function and interaction, is the central science of immunology. The immune system has been divided into [[innate immunity|innate immune system]], and [[adaptive immunity|acquired or adaptive immune system]], the latter of which is further divided into [[humoral immunity|humoral]] and [[cell-mediated immunity|cellular components]].

The mainstay of classical immunology has been the interaction between [[antibody|antibodies]] and [[antigen]]s. Without an understanding of the properties of these two biological entities, much of immunology would be non-existent.

In the [[21st century]] though, immunology has broadened its horizons with much research being performed in the more specialised niches of immunology. This includes the immunological function of cells, organs and systems not normally associated with immune system, as well as the function of the immune system outside classical models of immunity.

==Clinical immunology==

Clinical immunology is the study of [[disease]]s caused by the immune system and diseases of the immune system from a medical perspective.

Many diseases caused by the immune system fall into two broad categories: [[immunodeficiency]], in which parts of the immune system fail to provide an adequate response (examples include [[chronic granulomatous disease]]), and [[autoimmunity]], in which the immune system attacks its own antigens (examples include [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Hashimoto's disease]] and [[myasthenia gravis]]). Other immune system disorders include different [[hypersensitivity|hypersensitivities]], in which the system responds inappropriately to harmless compounds ([[asthma]] and [[allergies]]) or responds too intensively.

The most well-known disease that affects the immune system itself is [[Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome|AIDS]], caused by the [[HIV virus]]. AIDS is an immunodeficiency characterized by the lack of CD4+ ("helper") [[T cells]] and [[macrophages]], which are destroyed by the HIV virus.

Clinical immunologists also study ways to prevent [[transplant rejection]], in which the immune system attempts to destroy [[allograft]]s or [[xenograft]]s.

==Immunotherapy==

''See main article [[Immunotherapy]]''

The use of immune system components to treat a disease or disorder is known as immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is most commonly used in the context of the treatment of [[cancer]]s together with [[chemotherapy]] ([[drug]]s) and [[radiotherapy]] ([[electromagnetic radiation|radiation]]). However, immunotherapy is also often used in the immunosuppressed (such as [[HIV]] patients) and people suffering from other immune deficiencies or autoimmune diseases.

==Diagnostic immunology==

The specificity of the bond between antibody and antigen has made it an excellent tool in the detection of substances in a variety of diagnostic techniques. Antibodies specific for a desired [[antigen]] can be conjugated with a radiolabel, fluorescent label, or color-forming enzyme and are used as a "probe" to detect it.

Well known applications of this include [[immunoblot]]ting, [[ELISA]] and immunohistochemical staining of microscope slides. The speed, accuracy and simplicity of such tests has led to the development of rapid techniques for the diagnosis of disease, microbes and even illegal drugs ''[[in vivo]]'' (of course tests conducted in closed environmnet have a higher degree of accuracy). Such testing is also used to distinguish compatible [[blood type]]s.

==Evolutionary immunology==

Study of the immune system in extant and [[extinction|extinct]] species is capable of giving us a key understanding of the [[evolution]] of species and the immune system.

A development of complexity of the immune system can be seen from simple phagocytotic protection of single celled organisms, to circulating antimicrobial peptides in insects to lymphoid organs in vertebrates. Of course, like much of evolutionary, this is often seen from the [[anthropocentric]] aspect, but it must be recognised, that every organism's immune system is absolutely capable of protecting it from most forms of harm.

[[Insect]]s and other [[arthropod]]s, while not possessing true adaptive immunity, show highly evolved systems of innate immunity, and are additionally protected from external injury (and exposure to pathogens) by their [[chitin]]ous shells.

==See Also==
*[[Immune system]]
*[[autoimmunity]]

==References==
Goldsby RA, Kindt TK, Osborne BA and Kuby J (2003) '''Immunology''', 5th Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, New York, ISBN 0-7167-4947-5

[[de:Immunologie]]
[[es:Inmunología]]
[[fi:Immunologia]]
[[fr:Immunologie]]
[[hu:immunológia]]
[[nl:Immunologie]]
[[ru:Иммунология]]
[[ja:免疫学]]
[[pl:Immunologia]]
[[simple:Immunology]]
[[sv:Immunologi]]
[[zh:免疫学]]

[[Category:Immunology]]