IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]

Software industry

2011-01-12T11:04:32Z

218.248.64.166: /* Size of the industry */

{{globalize|date=December 2010}}

The '''software industry''' includes businesses involved in the [[software development|development]], [[software maintenance|maintenance]] and [[software publisher|publication]] of [[computer software]] using any business model. The industry also includes software [[Service (economics)|service]]s, such as [[training]], [[software documentation|documentation]], and [[consultancy|consulting]].

==History ==
The word "software" had been coined as a prank by at least 1953, but did not appear in print until the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web |author= Paul Niquette |title= Softword: Provenance for the Word 'Software' |year= 1995 |url= http://www.niquette.com/books/softword/tocsoft.html }} adapted from ''Sophisticated: The Magazine'' ISBN 1-58922-233-4</ref>
Before this time, computers were programmed either by customers, or the few commercial computer vendors of the time, such as [[UNIVAC]] and [[IBM]].
The first company founded to provide software products and services was [[Computer Usage Company]] in 1955.<ref>{{cite journal |title= Recollections of the first software company |author= Elmer C. Kubie |journal= IEEE Annals of the History of Computing |work= Annals of the History of Computing |volume= 16 |issue= 2 |publisher= IEEE Computer Society |date= Summer 1994 |pages= 65–71 |doi= 10.1109/85.279238 }}</ref>
The software industry expanded in the early 1960s, almost immediately after computers were first sold in mass-produced quantities. Universities, government, and business customers created a demand for software. Many of these programs were written in-house by full-time staff programmers. Some were distributed freely between users of a particular machine for no charge. Others were done on a commercial basis, and other firms such as [[Computer Sciences Corporation]] (founded in 1959) started to grow. The computer-makers started bundling [[operating systems]] software and programming environments with their machines.

When [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] brought a relatively low-priced micro-computer to market, it brought computing within reach of many more companies and universities worldwide, and it spawned great innovation in terms of new, powerful programming languages and methodologies. New software was built for micro-computers, and others, including IBM, followed DECs example quickly, resulting in the IBM AS400 amongst others.

The industry expanded greatly with the rise of the personal computer in the mid-1970s, which brought computing to the desktop of the office worker. In subsequent years, it also created a growing market for games, applications, and utilities. DOS, [[Microsoft]]'s first operating system product, was the dominant operating system at the time.

In the early years of the 21st century, another successful business model has arisen for hosted software, called software as a service, or [[SaaS]]; this was at least the third time this model had been attempted. SaaS reduces the concerns about software piracy, since it can only be accessed through the Web, and by definition no client software is loaded onto the end user's PC.

== Software sectors ==
There are several types of businesses in the software industry. Infrastructure software, including operating systems, middleware and databases, is made by companies such as [[Microsoft]], [[IBM]], [[Sybase]], [[EMC Corporation|EMC]], [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]] and [[VMWare]]. Enterprise software, the software that automates business processes in finance, production, logistics, sales and marketing, is made by [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]], [[SAP AG]] , [[Sage SA|Sage]] and [[Infor]]. Security software is made by the likes of [[Symantec]], [[Trend Micro]] and [[Kaspersky]]. Several industry-specific software makers are also among the largest software companies in the world: [[SunGard]], making software for banks, [[BlackBoard]] making software for schools, and companies like [[Qualcomm]] or [[CyberVision]] making software for telecom companies.
Other companies do contract programming to develop unique software for one particular client company, or focus on configuring and customizing suites from large vendors such as SAP or Oracle.

== Leading companies: mindshare and marketshare ==
In terms of technology leadership, the software industry has long been led by IBM. However, Microsoft became the dominant PC operating system supplier. Other companies that have substantial mindshare (not: marketshare) in the software industry are SUN Microsystems, the developer of the Java platform (purchased by Oracle in 2009), Red Hat, for its open source momentum, and Google for its Google Docs. However in terms of revenues coming from software sales, the software industry is clearly dominated by Microsoft, since inception. Microsoft products are still sold in largest number across the globe.

== Size of the industry ==
According to market researcher DataMonitor, the size of the worldwide software industry in 2008 was US$ 303.8 billion, an increase of 6.5% compared to 2007. Americas account for 42.6% of the global software market's value. DataMonitor forecasts that in 2013, the global software market will have a value of US$ 457 billion, an increase of 50.5% since 2008.<ref>[http://www.infoedge.com/product_type.asp?product=DO-4959 DataMonitor - Abstract from Global Software Industry Guide - 2008]</ref>
vijay yadav is also satisfied

== Business models the software industry ==

Business models of software companies have been widely discussed.<ref name="cusumano">Cusumano M. (2003) Finding Your balance in the Products and Service Debate, Communications of the ACM. Vol. 46:3</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book
| title = Profit from Software Ecosystems: Business Models, Ecosystems and Partnerships in the Software Industry
| year = 2010
| publisher = BOD
| location = Norderstedt, Germany
| isbn = 3839169836
| author9 = Karl M. Popp and Ralf Meyer}}</ref> Network effects in [[software ecosystems]] networks of companies and their customers are an important element in the strategy of software companies.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>{{cite book
| title = Software Ecosystem: Understanding an Indispensable Technology and Industry
| year = 2003
| publisher = MIT Press
| location = Cambridge, MA, USA
| isbn = 0262134322
| author9 = David G. Messerschmitt and Clemens Szyperski}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Computer software]]
* [[Software development]]
* [[Software publisher]]
* [[Software engineering]]
* [[World's largest software companies]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wiktionary}}
* [http://www.siia.net/ Software and Information Industry Association website]
* [http://www.softwareceo.com/ SoftwareCEO] the largest online community of software executives in the world
* [http://www.softwaremag.com/ Software Magazine website]
* [http://www.siprofessionals.org/ Software Industry Professionals website]
* [http://www.sao.org/ Software Association of Oregon website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Software Industry}}
[[Category:Software industry|*]]

[[ar:صناعة البرمجيات]]
[[bn:সফটওয়্যার কোম্পানি]]
[[es:Industria del software]]
[[it:Industria del software]]
[[no:Programvareselskap]]
[[pt:Indústria de software]]
[[ru:Индустрия программного обеспечения]]
[[simple:Software company]]
[[sv:Programvaruföretag]]
[[th:ซอฟต์แวร์เชิงพาณิชย์]]

Akshaya project

2009-01-04T03:49:48Z

218.248.68.57: /* External links */

The '''Akshaya project''', first started in the rural [[Malappuram]] district of [[Kerala]], [[India]], and now spread over to seven more districts in the state, was the first district-wide [[Computer literacy|e-literacy]] project in India and one of the largest known [[Internet Protocol]] (IP) based [[wireless networks]] in the world. In November 2002, the state government of Kerala put into place a project, piloted in Malappuram, that aimed for one person in every family to be computer literate in that district. Malappuram is now what is said to be India's First E-literate District. The mission continues to make Kerala the First E-literate state in India.

In Malappuram district alone, Akshaya has conducted one of the world's largest computer literacy drives, claiming to reach over 600,000 households, representing more than 3.6 million people, in less than 6 months. The project has created a unique brand of state-funded computer access centers, and simultaneously led to a massive wireless infrastructure, providing a wide range of services and making way to many future opportunities.

== External links ==
*[http://www.akshaya.net/ Official website of Akshaya Project]

Akshaya Project started 2002 and continuing its journey now also with lot off services in 2008. E-Pay (Electronic payment of utility bills like Electricity, Land phone, Drinking water, University fees etc..), E-Krishi (for farmers to provide online Agriculture trading and information portal, A to Z Solution) E-Vidya (Advanced IT learning for e-literates, others, E-Ticketing (online train, flight, bus ticket reservation),PMRY online registration, online passport registration, Village kiosk for transparent collectorate program, online communication providers for nonresidential Indians, Online Medical transcription course, extension programs for above mentioned all services.

Akshaya e centre,Pottekkatt building, Thrikkalangode po, Thrikkalangode Panchayth, Ernad Taluk, Manjeri, Wandur Block, Thanur Block Tirur Muncipalitty Malappuram District.

Refference:
www.akshaya.net

[[Category:Government of Kerala]]

{{Kerala-stub}}

[[ml:അക്ഷയ]]

Archive:Tyrosine metabolism defects

2008-05-20T06:20:21Z

218.248.65.143: defects of turosine metabolism

-hyper pigmentation due over production of melanin from tyrosine.
-defects in DOPAMINE synthesis hence Parkinson disease
-there will be defects in the formation of epinephrine and non epinephrine .

and many more .

Textile engineering

2008-02-12T11:05:32Z

218.248.25.3: /* Courses */

__NOTOC__
Welcome to the department of textile engineering!

Textile engineering (TE) or textile technology deals with the application of scientific and engineering principles to the design and control of all aspects of fiber, textile, and apparel processes, products, and machinery. These include natural and man-made materials, interaction of materials with machines, safety and health, energy conservation, and waste and pollution control. Additionally, textile engineers are given training and experience in plant design and layout, machine and wet process design and improvement, and designing and creating textile products.

A textile engineer therefore works with textile materials: fibers, yarns, fabrics, and finishes. Most textile engineers work on product research and development, either improving current textile based products or creating new products. They may also be involved with finding uses for new fibers, yarns, fabrics, or textile finishes.

== Divisions ==
[[Topic:Textile Engineering/Technology_and_Textile_Chemistry|Textile technology and textile chemistry]]

== Learning materials ==
=== Courses ===
* [[Textile Engineering Systems]]
* [[Textile Engineering Design]]
* [[Mechanics of Fibrous Structures]]
* [[Yarn Manufacturing]]
* [[Textile Engineering Quality Improvement]]
* [[Textile Information Systems Design]]
* [[Polymer Engineering]]
* [[Polymeric Biomaterials Engineering]]
* [[Fabric Manufacturing]]
* [[Special Topics in Textile Engineering]]
* [[Fabric Production Systems]]
* [[Textile Composites]]
* [[Polymeric Biomaterials Engineering]]
* [[Industrial Textiles]]
* [[Textile Applications in Medicine]]
* [[Engineering Economics]]
* [[Textile Quality Testing Machinery]]
* [[Dyeing]]
* [[Textile Coloration]]
* [[Industrial Planning and Organization]]
* [[Thermodynamics]]
* [[Materials Science]]
* [[Industrial Management]]
* [[Applied Mechanics]]
* [[Engineering Drawing and Design]]
* [[Novel Topics in Textile Engineering]]

== Research and Learning Projects ==

==Resources==
* [[Wikipedia:Textile engineering]]
* [[Wikipedia:Engineering drawing]]
* [[Wikipedia:Textile]]
* [[Wikipedia:Textile preservation]]
* [[Wikipedia:Textile manufacturing]]
* [[Wikipedia:Textile manufacturing terminology]]
* [[Wikipedia:Textile printing]]
* [[Wikipedia:Textile industry]]

== Collaborators ==
* ...
* ...
* ...

==See also==
* [[School:Engineering]]

== External Links ==
[[Category:Engineering]]
[[Category:Nanotechnology]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

Textile engineering

2007-12-18T13:50:12Z

218.248.25.3: /* Courses */

__NOTOC__
Welcome to the department of textile engineering!

Textile engineering (TE) or textile technology deals with the application of scientific and engineering principles to the design and control of all aspects of fiber, textile, and apparel processes, products, and machinery. These include natural and man-made materials, interaction of materials with machines, safety and health, energy conservation, and waste and pollution control. Additionally, textile engineers are given training and experience in plant design and layout, machine and wet process design and improvement, and designing and creating textile products.

A textile engineer therefore works with textile materials: fibers, yarns, fabrics, and finishes. Most textile engineers work on product research and development, either improving current textile based products or creating new products. They may also be involved with finding uses for new fibers, yarns, fabrics, or textile finishes.

== Divisions ==
[[Topic:Textile Engineering/Technology_and_Textile_Chemistry|Textile technology and textile chemistry]]

== Learning materials ==
=== Courses ===
* [[Textile Engineering Systems]]
* [[Textile Engineering Design]]
* [[Mechanics of Fibrous Structures]]
* [[Yarn Manufacturing]]
* [[Textile Engineering Quality Improvement]]
* [[Textile Information Systems Design]]
* [[Polymer Engineering]]
* [[Polymeric Biomaterials Engineering]]
* [[Fabric Manufacturing]]
* [[Special Topics in Textile Engineering]]
* [[Fabric Production Systems]]
* [[Textile Composites]]
* [[Polymeric Biomaterials Engineering]]
* [[Industrial Textiles]]
* [[Textile Applications in Medicine]]
* [[Engineering Economics]]
* [[Basic Electronics of Textile Manufacturing]]
* [[Textile Quality Testing Machinery]]
* [[Dyeing]]
* [[Textile Coloration]]
* [[Industrial Planning and Organization]]
* [[Thermodynamics]]
* [[Materials Science]]
* [[Industrial Management]]
* [[Applied Mechanics]]
* [[Engineering Drawing and Design]]
* [[Novel Topics in Textile Engineering]]

== Research and Learning Projects ==

== Collaborators ==
* ...
* ...
* ...

== External Links ==
[[Category:Engineering]]
[[Category:Nanotechnology]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

Mathematics

2007-08-12T06:16:09Z

218.248.68.63: /* Active participants */

<center><big>'''Welcome to the School of Mathematics!'''</big></center>
<div style="margin-top:-3px; margin-bottom:0.3em; text-align: center; font-size: 98%;">
<center>'''[[Portal:Science|FACULTY OF SCIENCES]]'''</center>
<center>'''[[Portal:Physical Sciences|FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES]] · [[Portal:Life Sciences|FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES]] · [[Portal:Engineering and Technology|FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY]] · [[Portal:Mathematics|FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS]]'''</center>
[[School:Biology|Biology]] · [[School:Chemistry|Chemistry]] · [[School:Computer Science|Computer Science]] ·[[School:Economics|Economics]] · [[School:Mathematics|Mathematics]]· [[School:Physics and Astronomy|Physics and Astronomy]] · </div>


[[Image:Lorenz_attractor.svg|right|300px|thumb|The Lorenz attractor is a chaotic map, noted for its butterfly shape. The map shows how the state of a dynamical system evolves over time in a complex, non-repeating pattern. The attractor itself, and the equations from which it is derived, were introduced by Edward Lorenz in 1963, who derived it from the simplified equations of convection rolls arising in the equations of the atmosphere.]]

Since you're here, you either are someone wishing to share your knowledge of Mathematics, or you are someone who wishes to gain knowledge about Mathematics. If you are the first kind of person, have a look around, and see how you can contribute. If you are of the second kind, read on!

Mathematics has many facets. Though it has a wealth of applications, Mathematics is also a science, and an art, in its own right. Like other sciences, Mathematics is useful, but, just like other forms of art, Mathematics is beautiful, in its own unique way. You might not see this beauty at first, but the main goal of the Wikiversity School of Mathematics is to let you see this beauty, through inquiry and learning. To achieve this goal, we want to inspire you, since inspiration is essential to learning, discovery, and ultimately, seeing the beauty of Mathematics. A little bit of inspiration can put the beauty of Mathematics, and all its facets, before your eyes.

The School of Mathematics is a work in progress. We are trying to organize our material into a logical order, create new material, and revise existing material. Although we try to keep clarity in mind, if any of the material is confusing, you don't know where to start, or you have other questions, ''do not hesitate to pose your question at [[Topic:School of Mathematics Help Desk|our help desk]]''. There is no such thing as a "dumb question"; learning is driven by questions!

The School of Mathematics wishes you a very warm welcome. We hope that you will benefit from what we have to offer, and we hope that we will benefit from what you have to offer, either now or in the future.

==Divisions and departments==
Divisions and Departments of the School exist on pages in "topic" namespace. Start the name of departments with the "Topic:" prefix; departments reside in the [[Wikiversity:Namespaces|Topic: namespace]]. Departments and divisions link to learning materials and learning projects. Divisions can link subdivisions or to departments. For more information on schools, divisions and departments look at the [[Wikiversity:Naming_conventions|Naming Conventions]].

{{MathDeps}}

==Active participants==
The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are the following. If you are an active participant in this school, you can list your name here (this can help small schools grow and the participants communicate better; for large schools it is not needed).

*[[User:Tastymangojuice|Tastymangojuice]] (Computer Science)
*[[User:ehremo|ehremo]]
*[[User:Deltinu|Deltinu]]
*[[User:EulerGamma|EulerGamma]]
*[[User:Ravi12346|Ravi12346]]
*[[User:lgallindo|Lucas Gallindo]]
*[[User:Pgbridge2000|Pgbridge2000]] (Cryptography)
*[[User:Tachyon01|Tachyon01]] (Pure Mathematics)
*[[User:fidocancan|fidocancan]] (pre-uni teacher)
*[[User:Mo Anabre|Mo Anabre]]
*[[User:master.signal|sutton]]
*[[User:Drini|Drini]]
*[[User:Ananth nag|Ananth nag m]]
*[[User:TeapotScar|TeapotScar]] (Calculus, Number Theory, Topology)
*[[User:pbran7|pbran7]]
*[[User:Juan Marquez|Juan]] (Topology, Algebra, Geometry and Analysis)
*[[User:King Bee|King Bee]] (graduate student in pure mathematics)
*[[User:Verin Sedai|Verin Sedai]] (Algebra, Combinatorics, basic number theory)
*[[User:haresh kumar|haresh kumar]](analytic geometry,calculus)

==School news==
* '''August 20, 2006''' - School founded!
* '''August 21, 2006''' - Added various departments

==Pre-university courses==
*[[Applied Math Basics|Basic Mathematics]] (numbers, arithmetic, fractions, decimals)
*[[School:Mathematics/Primary School Mathematics|Primary School Mathematics]] (numbers, arithmetic, pre-algebra)
*[[Topic:High School Mathematics|High School Mathematics]] (algebra, trigonometry, pre-calculus, calculus)

==Undergraduate-level study==
===Study guides===
Not sure where to start? Consult the following guides to help you make a study plan and determine which prerequisites you might be missing.
*[[School:Mathematics/Course guide|Course guide]]
*[[School:Mathematics/Facultative courses|Facultative courses]]

===Course categories===
*[[School:Mathematics/Undergraduate/Applied Mathematics|Applied Mathematics]] (mathematical methods, mathematical physics)
*[[School:Mathematics/Undergraduate/Pure Mathematics|Pure Mathematics]] (foundations, algebra, analysis, calculus, discrete math)
*[[School:Mathematics/Undergraduate/Probability and Statistics|Probability and Statistics]]
*[[Math contest preparation|Math contest preparation]]
*[[School_of_Mathematics:Course_Catalog|All Courses (Course Catalog)]]

==Ask a question==
Have a question about mathematics? Ask it at [[Topic:School of Mathematics Help Desk|our help desk]]!

== Resources ==
*[[Wikibooks:Mathematics bookshelf|Mathematics bookshelf]] for online mathematics textbooks.
*[http://www.math.gatech.edu/~cain/textbooks/onlinebooks.html A large list of cost-free online mathematics textbooks]
*[[School of Mathematics:Software|Mathematics Software]]
*[http://www.youtube.com/ Youtube]

=== Wikibooks ===
* [[b:Mathematics|Browse Textbooks]]
* [[b:Beginning Mathematics|Beginning Mathematics]]
* [[b:High School Mathematics Extensions|High School Mathematics Extensions]]
* [[b:Geometry|Geometry]]
* [[b:Algebra|Algebra]]
* [[b:Trigonometry|Trigonometry]]
* [[b:Calculus|Calculus]]
* [[b:Applied Math Basics|Applied Math Basics]]
* [[b:Differential Equations|Differential Equations]]
* [[b:Applied Mathematics|Applied Mathematics]]
* [[b:Cryptography|Cryptography]]
* [[b:Discrete mathematics|Discrete mathematics]]
* [[b:Complex Analysis|Complex Analysis]]

===Wikipedia===
* [[w:Calculus|Calculus]]
====Algebra====
* [[w:Mapping_cylinder|Mapping cylinder]]
====Math tools====
* [[w:R_programming_language|R programming language]]

== International relations ==
*[[:it:Wikiversità]] - [[:it:Wikiversità:Facoltà di Matematica|Facoltà di Matematica]]
*[http://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiversidade:_Ci%C3%AAncias_Exatas_e_Ci%C3%AAncias_da_Terra#Curso_de_Matem.C3.A1tica| Wikiversidade - Ciências Exatas e da Terra]

==Related news==
* '''April 5, 2007''' - [http://www.physlink.com/News/070327AnotherDimensionE8.cfm E8 mapped...]

== External links ==
* [http://mum.edu/math_dept/courses.html An interesting perspective on mathematics.]
* [http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=91526 FreeMat] - An open source Matlab clone

[[Category:Mathematics]]
[[Category:Wikiversity schools|Mathematics]]

[[de:Fachbereich Mathematik]]
[[es:Departamento de Matemática]]
[[fr:Faculté:Mathématiques]]