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		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Immunology_basics&amp;diff=55835</id>
		<title>Immunology basics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Immunology_basics&amp;diff=55835"/>
		<updated>2008-01-08T05:48:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;221.134.219.216: /* External links */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Immunology&#039;&#039;&#039; is a broad branch of [[biomedical science|biomedical]] [[science]] that covers the study of all aspects of the [[immune system]] in all [[organism]]s. It deals with, among other things, the [[physiology|physiological]] functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders ([[autoimmune diseases]], [[hypersensitivity|hypersensitivities]], [[immune deficiency]], [[transplant|allograft]] rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system [[in vitro]], [[in situ]], and [[in vivo]]. Immunology has various applications in several disciplines of science, and as such is further divided.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Histological examination of the immune system==&lt;br /&gt;
Even before the concept of [[immunity (medical)|immunity]] (from &#039;&#039;immunis&#039;&#039;, Latin for &amp;quot;exempt&amp;quot;) was developed, numerous early physicians characterised organs that would later prove to be part of the immune system. The key primary lymphoid organs of the immune system are [[thymus]] and [[bone marrow]],  and secondary lymphatic tissues such as [[spleen]], [[tonsil]]s, [[lymphatic system|lymph vessels]], [[lymph node]]s, [[adenoid]]s, and [[skin]]. When health conditions warrant, immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, portions of bone marrow, lymph nodes and secondary lymphatic tissues can be [[surgery|surgically]] excised for examination while patients are still alive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Many components of the immune system are actually [[cell (biology)|cell]]ular in nature and not associated with any specific organ but rather are embedded or circulating in various [[tissue (anatomy)|tissues]] located throughout the body.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Classical immunology==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Classical immunology ties in with the fields of [[epidemiology]] and [[medicine]]. It studies the relationship between the body systems, [[pathogen]]s, and immunity. The earliest written mention of immunity can be traced back to the [[Pandemic|plague]] of [[Athens]] in [[430 BCE]]. [[Thucydides]] noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could [[nurse]] the sick without contracting the illness a second time. Many other ancient societies have references to this phenomenon, but it was not until the [[19th century|19th]] and [[20th century|20th centuries]] before the concept developed into scientific theory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study of the molecular and cellular components that comprise the immune system, including their function and interaction, is the central science of immunology. The immune system has been divided into a more primitive [[innate immunity|innate immune system]], and [[adaptive immunity|acquired or adaptive immune system]] of vertebrates, the latter of which is further divided into [[humoral immunity|humoral]] and [[cell-mediated immunity|cellular components]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The humoral (antibody) response is defined as the interaction between [[antibody|antibodies]] and [[antigen]]s. Antibodies are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells (B lymphocytes).  Antigens are defined as anything that elicits generation of antibodies, hence they are &#039;&#039;&#039;Anti&#039;&#039;&#039;body &#039;&#039;&#039;Gen&#039;&#039;&#039;erators.  Immunology itself rests on an understanding of the properties of these two biological entities. However, equally important is the cellular response, which can not only kill infected cells in its own right, but is also crucial in controlling the antibody response. Put simply, both systems are highly interdependent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the [[21st century]], immunology has broadened its horizons with much research being performed in the more specialized niches of immunology. This includes the immunological function of cells, organs and systems not normally associated with the immune system, as well as the function of the immune system outside classical models of immunity.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Clinical immunology== &amp;lt;!--Clinical immunology redirects here--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Clinical immunology is the study of [[disease]]s caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system). It also involves diseases of other systems, where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The diseases caused by disorders of the immune system fall into two broad categories: [[immunodeficiency]], in which parts of the immune system fail to provide an adequate response (examples include [[chronic granulomatous disease]]), and [[autoimmunity]], in which the immune system attacks its own host&#039;s body (examples include [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Hashimoto&#039;s disease]] and [[myasthenia gravis]]). Other immune system disorders include different [[hypersensitivity|hypersensitivities]], in which the system responds inappropriately to harmless compounds ([[asthma]] and other [[allergy|allergies]]) or responds too intensely.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The most well-known disease that affects the immune system itself is [[Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome|AIDS]], caused by [[HIV]]. AIDS is an immunodeficiency characterized by the lack of CD4+ (&amp;quot;helper&amp;quot;) [[T cells]] and [[macrophages]], which are destroyed by HIV.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Clinical immunologists also study ways to prevent [[transplant rejection]], in which the immune system attempts to destroy [[allograft]]s or [[xenograft]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Immunotherapy==&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;See main article [[Immunotherapy]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The use of immune system components to treat a disease or disorder is known as immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is most commonly used in the context of the treatment of [[cancer]]s together with [[chemotherapy]] ([[Medication|drug]]s) and [[radiotherapy]] ([[electromagnetic radiation|radiation]]). However, immunotherapy is also often used in the immunosuppressed (such as [[HIV]] patients) and people suffering from other immune deficiencies or autoimmune diseases.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Diagnostic immunology==&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;See main article [[Diagnostic immunology]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
The specificity of the bond between antibody and antigen has made it an excellent tool in the detection of substances in a variety of diagnostic techniques. Antibodies specific for a desired [[antigen]] can be conjugated with a radiolabel, fluorescent label, or color-forming enzyme and are used as a &amp;quot;probe&amp;quot; to detect it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Evolutionary immunology==&lt;br /&gt;
Study of the immune system in extant and [[extinction|extinct]] species is capable of giving us a key understanding of the [[evolution]] of species and the immune system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A development of complexity of the immune system can be seen from simple phagocytotic protection of single celled organisms, to circulating antimicrobial peptides in insects to lymphoid organs in vertebrates. Of course, like much of evolutionary observation, these physical properties are  often seen from the [[anthropocentric]] aspect.  It should be recognized, that every organism living today has an immune system absolutely capable of protecting it from most forms of harm; those organisms that did not adapt their immune systems to external threats are no longer around to be observed.   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Insect]]s and other [[arthropod]]s, while not possessing true adaptive immunity, show highly evolved systems of innate immunity, and are additionally protected from external injury (and exposure to pathogens) by their [[chitin]]ous shells.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[immune system]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[autoimmunity]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[list of immunologists]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[history of immunology]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[serology]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Immunodeficiency]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Medical technologist]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Immunology Wikibooks Immunology Textbook]&lt;br /&gt;
* Goldsby RA, Kindt TK, Osborne BA and Kuby J (2003) &#039;&#039;&#039;Immunology&#039;&#039;&#039;, 5th Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, New York, ISBN 0-7167-4947-5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
{{WVD}}&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.microbiologystudents.com/articles/virology.html Immunology: Articles]- [[Microbioloy Students Portal]]:Immunololgy research articles. &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcimmunol/ BMC: Immunology]- [[BioMed Central]]:Immunology is an [[open access journal]] publishing original peer-reviewed research articles. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nature Reviews Immunology]] ([http://www.nature.com/nri/index.html  journal home])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=imm.TOC&amp;amp;depth=2 Janeway&#039;s Immunobiology textbook] Searchable free online version at the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/esimmuno/progmenu.htm Overview] at [[Medical College of Georgia]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.mugen-noe.org/ MUGEN NoE] murine models for immunological disease&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://medweb2.unige.ch/immunologie/ Transplantation Immunology] Interesting web site made by the faculty of medicine of the University of Geneva dealing with the immunological issues linked with the transplantation of materials genetically different between donor and recipient (hematopoietical stem cells, organs or the transfusion of blood).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Medicine}}udent&lt;br /&gt;
{{Immune system}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Immunology| ]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Subjects taught in medical school]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Link FA|de}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ar:علم المناعة]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ca:Immunologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[cs:Imunologie]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[da:Immunologi]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Immunologie]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[et:Immunoloogia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[es:Inmunología]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[eu:Immunologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fa:ایمونولوژی]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:Immunologie]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[gl:Inmunoloxía]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ko:면역학]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[hr:Imunologija]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[id:Imunologi]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:Immunologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[he:אימונולוגיה]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[lb:Immunologie]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[lt:Imunologija]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[hu:Immunológia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ms:Immunologi]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[nl:Immunologie]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ja:免疫学]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[no:Immunologi]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[pl:Immunologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[pt:Imunologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ro:Imunologie]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ru:Иммунология]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[sq:Imunologjia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[simple:Immunology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[sk:Imunológia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[sl:Imunologija]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[sh:Imunologija]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[sr:Имунологија]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Immunologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[sv:Immunologi]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[th:วิทยาภูมิคุ้มกัน]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[vi:Miễn dịch học]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[tr:İmmünoloji]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[uk:Імунологія]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[zh:免疫学]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>221.134.219.216</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Immunology_basics&amp;diff=55834</id>
		<title>Immunology basics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Immunology_basics&amp;diff=55834"/>
		<updated>2008-01-08T05:45:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;221.134.219.216: /* External links */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Immunology&#039;&#039;&#039; is a broad branch of [[biomedical science|biomedical]] [[science]] that covers the study of all aspects of the [[immune system]] in all [[organism]]s. It deals with, among other things, the [[physiology|physiological]] functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders ([[autoimmune diseases]], [[hypersensitivity|hypersensitivities]], [[immune deficiency]], [[transplant|allograft]] rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system [[in vitro]], [[in situ]], and [[in vivo]]. Immunology has various applications in several disciplines of science, and as such is further divided.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Histological examination of the immune system==&lt;br /&gt;
Even before the concept of [[immunity (medical)|immunity]] (from &#039;&#039;immunis&#039;&#039;, Latin for &amp;quot;exempt&amp;quot;) was developed, numerous early physicians characterised organs that would later prove to be part of the immune system. The key primary lymphoid organs of the immune system are [[thymus]] and [[bone marrow]],  and secondary lymphatic tissues such as [[spleen]], [[tonsil]]s, [[lymphatic system|lymph vessels]], [[lymph node]]s, [[adenoid]]s, and [[skin]]. When health conditions warrant, immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, portions of bone marrow, lymph nodes and secondary lymphatic tissues can be [[surgery|surgically]] excised for examination while patients are still alive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Many components of the immune system are actually [[cell (biology)|cell]]ular in nature and not associated with any specific organ but rather are embedded or circulating in various [[tissue (anatomy)|tissues]] located throughout the body.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Classical immunology==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Classical immunology ties in with the fields of [[epidemiology]] and [[medicine]]. It studies the relationship between the body systems, [[pathogen]]s, and immunity. The earliest written mention of immunity can be traced back to the [[Pandemic|plague]] of [[Athens]] in [[430 BCE]]. [[Thucydides]] noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could [[nurse]] the sick without contracting the illness a second time. Many other ancient societies have references to this phenomenon, but it was not until the [[19th century|19th]] and [[20th century|20th centuries]] before the concept developed into scientific theory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study of the molecular and cellular components that comprise the immune system, including their function and interaction, is the central science of immunology. The immune system has been divided into a more primitive [[innate immunity|innate immune system]], and [[adaptive immunity|acquired or adaptive immune system]] of vertebrates, the latter of which is further divided into [[humoral immunity|humoral]] and [[cell-mediated immunity|cellular components]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The humoral (antibody) response is defined as the interaction between [[antibody|antibodies]] and [[antigen]]s. Antibodies are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells (B lymphocytes).  Antigens are defined as anything that elicits generation of antibodies, hence they are &#039;&#039;&#039;Anti&#039;&#039;&#039;body &#039;&#039;&#039;Gen&#039;&#039;&#039;erators.  Immunology itself rests on an understanding of the properties of these two biological entities. However, equally important is the cellular response, which can not only kill infected cells in its own right, but is also crucial in controlling the antibody response. Put simply, both systems are highly interdependent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the [[21st century]], immunology has broadened its horizons with much research being performed in the more specialized niches of immunology. This includes the immunological function of cells, organs and systems not normally associated with the immune system, as well as the function of the immune system outside classical models of immunity.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Clinical immunology== &amp;lt;!--Clinical immunology redirects here--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Clinical immunology is the study of [[disease]]s caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system). It also involves diseases of other systems, where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The diseases caused by disorders of the immune system fall into two broad categories: [[immunodeficiency]], in which parts of the immune system fail to provide an adequate response (examples include [[chronic granulomatous disease]]), and [[autoimmunity]], in which the immune system attacks its own host&#039;s body (examples include [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Hashimoto&#039;s disease]] and [[myasthenia gravis]]). Other immune system disorders include different [[hypersensitivity|hypersensitivities]], in which the system responds inappropriately to harmless compounds ([[asthma]] and other [[allergy|allergies]]) or responds too intensely.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The most well-known disease that affects the immune system itself is [[Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome|AIDS]], caused by [[HIV]]. AIDS is an immunodeficiency characterized by the lack of CD4+ (&amp;quot;helper&amp;quot;) [[T cells]] and [[macrophages]], which are destroyed by HIV.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Clinical immunologists also study ways to prevent [[transplant rejection]], in which the immune system attempts to destroy [[allograft]]s or [[xenograft]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Immunotherapy==&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;See main article [[Immunotherapy]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The use of immune system components to treat a disease or disorder is known as immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is most commonly used in the context of the treatment of [[cancer]]s together with [[chemotherapy]] ([[Medication|drug]]s) and [[radiotherapy]] ([[electromagnetic radiation|radiation]]). However, immunotherapy is also often used in the immunosuppressed (such as [[HIV]] patients) and people suffering from other immune deficiencies or autoimmune diseases.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Diagnostic immunology==&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;See main article [[Diagnostic immunology]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
The specificity of the bond between antibody and antigen has made it an excellent tool in the detection of substances in a variety of diagnostic techniques. Antibodies specific for a desired [[antigen]] can be conjugated with a radiolabel, fluorescent label, or color-forming enzyme and are used as a &amp;quot;probe&amp;quot; to detect it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Evolutionary immunology==&lt;br /&gt;
Study of the immune system in extant and [[extinction|extinct]] species is capable of giving us a key understanding of the [[evolution]] of species and the immune system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A development of complexity of the immune system can be seen from simple phagocytotic protection of single celled organisms, to circulating antimicrobial peptides in insects to lymphoid organs in vertebrates. Of course, like much of evolutionary observation, these physical properties are  often seen from the [[anthropocentric]] aspect.  It should be recognized, that every organism living today has an immune system absolutely capable of protecting it from most forms of harm; those organisms that did not adapt their immune systems to external threats are no longer around to be observed.   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Insect]]s and other [[arthropod]]s, while not possessing true adaptive immunity, show highly evolved systems of innate immunity, and are additionally protected from external injury (and exposure to pathogens) by their [[chitin]]ous shells.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[immune system]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[autoimmunity]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[list of immunologists]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[history of immunology]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[serology]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Immunodeficiency]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Medical technologist]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Immunology Wikibooks Immunology Textbook]&lt;br /&gt;
* Goldsby RA, Kindt TK, Osborne BA and Kuby J (2003) &#039;&#039;&#039;Immunology&#039;&#039;&#039;, 5th Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, New York, ISBN 0-7167-4947-5&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
{{WVD}}&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.microbiologystudents.com/articles/virology.html/ Immunology: Articles]- [[Microbioloy Students Portal]]:Immunololgy research articles. &lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcimmunol/ BMC: Immunology]- [[BioMed Central]]:Immunology is an [[open access journal]] publishing original peer-reviewed research articles. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nature Reviews Immunology]] ([http://www.nature.com/nri/index.html  journal home])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=imm.TOC&amp;amp;depth=2 Janeway&#039;s Immunobiology textbook] Searchable free online version at the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/esimmuno/progmenu.htm Overview] at [[Medical College of Georgia]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.mugen-noe.org/ MUGEN NoE] murine models for immunological disease&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://medweb2.unige.ch/immunologie/ Transplantation Immunology] Interesting web site made by the faculty of medicine of the University of Geneva dealing with the immunological issues linked with the transplantation of materials genetically different between donor and recipient (hematopoietical stem cells, organs or the transfusion of blood).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Medicine}}udent&lt;br /&gt;
{{Immune system}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Immunology| ]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Subjects taught in medical school]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Link FA|de}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ar:علم المناعة]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ca:Immunologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[cs:Imunologie]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[da:Immunologi]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[de:Immunologie]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[et:Immunoloogia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[es:Inmunología]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[eu:Immunologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fa:ایمونولوژی]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fr:Immunologie]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[gl:Inmunoloxía]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ko:면역학]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[hr:Imunologija]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[id:Imunologi]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:Immunologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[he:אימונולוגיה]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[lb:Immunologie]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[lt:Imunologija]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[hu:Immunológia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ms:Immunologi]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[nl:Immunologie]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ja:免疫学]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[no:Immunologi]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[pl:Immunologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[pt:Imunologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ro:Imunologie]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[ru:Иммунология]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[sq:Imunologjia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[simple:Immunology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[sk:Imunológia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[sl:Imunologija]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[sh:Imunologija]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[sr:Имунологија]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[fi:Immunologia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[sv:Immunologi]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[th:วิทยาภูมิคุ้มกัน]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[vi:Miễn dịch học]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[tr:İmmünoloji]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[uk:Імунологія]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[zh:免疫学]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>221.134.219.216</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=University_of_Delhi&amp;diff=50499</id>
		<title>University of Delhi</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=University_of_Delhi&amp;diff=50499"/>
		<updated>2006-06-13T09:57:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;221.134.78.8: /* Faculties */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox University&lt;br /&gt;
|name           = University of Delhi&lt;br /&gt;
|motto          = निष्ठा धति: सत्यम्&lt;br /&gt;
|established    = [[1921]]&lt;br /&gt;
|type           = [[Public school|Public]]&lt;br /&gt;
|free_label     = Vice Chancellor&lt;br /&gt;
|free           = Deepak Pantel&lt;br /&gt;
|city           = [[Delhi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|country        = [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|campus         = [[urban area|Urban]]&lt;br /&gt;
|website= [http://www.du.ac.in du.ac.in]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;University of Delhi&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Hindi]]: दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय) is a [[university]] in [[India]]. Established in [[1922]], it is one of the premier universities of the country and is known for its high standards in teaching and research. It offers courses at the Undergraduate and Post Graduate levels in most subjects. With the number of students exceeding 300,000, it is among the largest universities in the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Faculties==&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Arts]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Ayurvedic]] &amp;amp; Unani Medicine&lt;br /&gt;
# Commerce &amp;amp; Business Studies&lt;br /&gt;
# Education&lt;br /&gt;
# Int. Disp. &amp;amp; Applied Sciences&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Law]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Main University&lt;br /&gt;
# [[FMS Delhi]] - Management Studies&lt;br /&gt;
# Mathematical [[Sciences]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Medical]] Sciences&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Music]] &amp;amp; [[Fine Arts]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Social Sciences]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Technology]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Undergraduate]] Courses&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Colleges under the University of Delhi==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Acharya Narendra Dev College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Aditi Mahavidyalaya]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ahilyabai College of Nursing]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ayurvedic &amp;amp; Unani Tibbia College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bhagini Nivedita College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bharati College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bhaskraycharya College of Applied Sciences]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bhim Rao Ambedkar College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[College of Arts]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[College of Pharmacy]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[College of Vocational Studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Daulat Ram College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Deen Dayal Upadhayay College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Delhi College of Arts &amp;amp; Commerce]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Delhi College of Engineering]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Delhi School of Economics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Deshbandhu College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Deshbandhu College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Dyal Singh College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dyal Singh College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Gargi College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Hans Raj College]][http://www.hansrajcollege.com/]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Hindu College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Indira Gandhi Instt.of Phy. Edu. &amp;amp; Sports Sciences]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Indraprastha College for Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Institute of Home Economics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Institute of Physically Handicapped]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Janki Devi Memorial College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jesus &amp;amp; Mary College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kalindi College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kamla Nehru College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Keshav Mahavidyalaya]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kirori Mal College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lady Harding Medical College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lady Irwin College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lakshmi Bai College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Maharaja Agrasen College]]  [http://www.macdu.com MAC]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Maharishi Valmiki College of Education]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Maitreyi College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Mata Sundri College for Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Maulana Azad Medical College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Miranda House]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Moti Lal Nehru College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Moti Lal Nehru College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nehru Homeopathic College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[P.G.D.A.V. College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*P.G.D.A.V. College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rajdhani College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rajkumari Amrit Kaur College of Nursing]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ram Lal Anand College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ram Lal Anand College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ramjas College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[S.G.T.B. Khalsa College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*S.G.T.B. Khalsa College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Satyawati College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Satyawati College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[School of Correspondence Courses &amp;amp; Cont. Edu.]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shaheed Bhagat Singh College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Shaheed Bhagat Singh College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women]] [http://www.rajgurucollege.org]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sherubtse College]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shivaji College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shri Ram College of Commerce]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shyam Lal College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Shyam Lal College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shyama Prasad Mukherjee College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sri Aurbindo College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Sri Aurbindo College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sri Venkateswara College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[St. Stephen&#039;s College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Swami Shraddhanand College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[University College of Med. Sc. and G.T.B. Hospital]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Vivekanand College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Zakir Husain College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Zakir Husain College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.du.ac.in/ Official Website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.fms.edu/ Faculty of Management Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://cs.du.ac.in/ Department of Computer Science]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.du.ac.in/exam.html Examinations and Syllabus]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.delhi-university.in Delhi University Admissions]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.delhi-university.in/mboard.php Admissions 2006 - Instant Helpline and FAQs]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Universities and colleges in India]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Education in Delhi]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{India-university-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>221.134.78.8</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=University_of_Delhi&amp;diff=50498</id>
		<title>University of Delhi</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=University_of_Delhi&amp;diff=50498"/>
		<updated>2006-06-13T09:55:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;221.134.78.8: /* External links */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox University&lt;br /&gt;
|name           = University of Delhi&lt;br /&gt;
|motto          = निष्ठा धति: सत्यम्&lt;br /&gt;
|established    = [[1921]]&lt;br /&gt;
|type           = [[Public school|Public]]&lt;br /&gt;
|free_label     = Vice Chancellor&lt;br /&gt;
|free           = Deepak Pantel&lt;br /&gt;
|city           = [[Delhi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|country        = [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
|campus         = [[urban area|Urban]]&lt;br /&gt;
|website= [http://www.du.ac.in du.ac.in]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;University of Delhi&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Hindi]]: दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय) is a [[university]] in [[India]]. Established in [[1922]], it is one of the premier universities of the country and is known for its high standards in teaching and research. It offers courses at the Undergraduate and Post Graduate levels in most subjects. With the number of students exceeding 300,000, it is among the largest universities in the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Faculties==&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Arts]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Ayurvedic]] &amp;amp; Unani Medicine&lt;br /&gt;
# Commerce &amp;amp; Business Studies&lt;br /&gt;
# Education&lt;br /&gt;
# Int. Disp. &amp;amp; Applied Sciences&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Law]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Main University&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Management]] Studies&lt;br /&gt;
# Mathematical [[Sciences]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Medical]] Sciences&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Music]] &amp;amp; [[Fine Arts]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Social Sciences]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Technology]]&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Undergraduate]] Courses&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Colleges under the University of Delhi==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Acharya Narendra Dev College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Aditi Mahavidyalaya]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ahilyabai College of Nursing]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ayurvedic &amp;amp; Unani Tibbia College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bhagini Nivedita College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bharati College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bhaskraycharya College of Applied Sciences]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bhim Rao Ambedkar College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[College of Arts]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[College of Pharmacy]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[College of Vocational Studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Daulat Ram College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Deen Dayal Upadhayay College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Delhi College of Arts &amp;amp; Commerce]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Delhi College of Engineering]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Delhi School of Economics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Deshbandhu College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Deshbandhu College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Dyal Singh College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Dyal Singh College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Gargi College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Hans Raj College]][http://www.hansrajcollege.com/]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Hindu College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Indira Gandhi Instt.of Phy. Edu. &amp;amp; Sports Sciences]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Indraprastha College for Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Institute of Home Economics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Institute of Physically Handicapped]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Janki Devi Memorial College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jesus &amp;amp; Mary College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kalindi College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kamla Nehru College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Keshav Mahavidyalaya]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kirori Mal College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lady Harding Medical College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lady Irwin College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lakshmi Bai College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Maharaja Agrasen College]]  [http://www.macdu.com MAC]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Maharishi Valmiki College of Education]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Maitreyi College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Mata Sundri College for Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Maulana Azad Medical College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Miranda House]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Moti Lal Nehru College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Moti Lal Nehru College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nehru Homeopathic College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[P.G.D.A.V. College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*P.G.D.A.V. College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rajdhani College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rajkumari Amrit Kaur College of Nursing]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ram Lal Anand College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Ram Lal Anand College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ramjas College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[S.G.T.B. Khalsa College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*S.G.T.B. Khalsa College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Satyawati College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Satyawati College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[School of Correspondence Courses &amp;amp; Cont. Edu.]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shaheed Bhagat Singh College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Shaheed Bhagat Singh College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women]] [http://www.rajgurucollege.org]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sherubtse College]] &lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shivaji College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shri Ram College of Commerce]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shyam Lal College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Shyam Lal College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Shyama Prasad Mukherjee College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sri Aurbindo College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Sri Aurbindo College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sri Venkateswara College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[St. Stephen&#039;s College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Swami Shraddhanand College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[University College of Med. Sc. and G.T.B. Hospital]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Vivekanand College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Zakir Husain College]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Zakir Husain College (Evening)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.du.ac.in/ Official Website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.fms.edu/ Faculty of Management Studies]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://cs.du.ac.in/ Department of Computer Science]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.du.ac.in/exam.html Examinations and Syllabus]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.delhi-university.in Delhi University Admissions]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.delhi-university.in/mboard.php Admissions 2006 - Instant Helpline and FAQs]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Universities and colleges in India]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Education in Delhi]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{India-university-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>221.134.78.8</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>