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Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University

2020-03-23T15:29:37Z

2405:204:3306:CBEC:0:0:2A86:D8AC: /* Teachers Training Colleges */

{{unsourced|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox University
|name = Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University
|image = Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University logo.jpg
|image_size =
|motto =
|established = {{start date|1992}}
|founder = [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
|chancellor = [[Governor of Bihar]]
|vice_chancellor = Dr. Awadh Kishore Roy
|city = [[Madhepura]]
|state = [[Bihar]]
|country = [[India]]
|students =
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|campus = [[Rural areas|Rural]]
|affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
|website = {{url|http://bnmu.ac.in/}}
}}

'''Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University''' ('''B. N. Mandal University''') is at the district headquarters, [[Madhepura]]. It acts as an affiliating institution and offers undergraduate, graduate and PhD programs through its constituents, affiliated colleges, and institutes in [[Madhepura]] and nearby cities.
The university conducts various vocational and technical courses in Science, commerce, and arts and also in engineering and Medical science.

==Affiliated colleges==
* Adarsh College, Madhepura
* K B Women's College, Madhepura
* Madhepura College, Madhepura
* Milliar Faqurudin Ali Ahmad T P College, Madhepura
* R P M College MAdhepura
* ST.A K N Degree College, Madhepura
* U V K College, Madhepura
* Banwari Shankar College, Saharsa
* Evening College, Saharsa
* Lakshminath College, Saharsa
* S N S Mahila College, Supaul
* Anuplal Yadav College, Supaul
* K N Degree College, Supaul
* National Degree College, Supaul

==Constituent colleges==
* Maharaja Hariballabh Memorial College, Saharsa
* Kamleshwari Prasad College, Murliganj, Madhepura
* Parwati Science College, MAdhepura
* T. P. College, Madhepura
* Manohar Lal Tekriwal College, Saharsa
* Ramesh Jha Mahila College, Saharsa
* Rajendra Mishra College, Saharsa
* Ravinandan Mishra Memorial Law College, Saharsa
* Sarb Narain Singh Ram Kumar Singh College, Saharsa
* Bharat Sewak Samaj College, Supaul
* Hari Prasad Shah College, Supaul
* Lalit Narayan Mishra Smarak College, Supaul
*Law College, Madhepura

==Medical Colleges==
* Lord Buddha Medical College
* Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College

==Teachers Training Colleges==
* M.P College of Education
* Radhe Shyam Teachers Training College, Supaul

{{Universities in Bihar}}

[[Category:Universities in Bihar]]
[[Category:Madhepura district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1992]]

JAM Yojana

2020-03-13T10:28:50Z

2405:204:A116:DA06:0:0:134B:90B1: Navi Muhammad

{{use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}Navi Muhammad
{{Infobox project
| country = India
| primeminister = Narendra Modi
}}
'''JAM (short for Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile) trinity''' refers to the government of India initiative to link [[Jan Dhan]] accounts, Mobile numbers and [[Aadhar]] cards of Indians to plug the leakages of government subsidies.

==History==
The JAM trinity was proposed in the Economic Survey of 2014-15.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/PRmaclHkzL6fGJEUIVLo3H/India-has-started-linking-Jan-Dhan-scheme-Aadhaar-and-mobil.html |title=India has started linking Jan Dhan scheme, Aadhaar and mobile numbers: Arun Jaitley |work=[[Live Mint]] |date=2 April 2016 }}</ref>

==Jan Dhan Yojana==
{{Main article|Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana}}
Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana is India's National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial services, namely Banking Savings & Deposit Accounts, Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in an affordable manner. This [[financial inclusion]] campaign was launched by the [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Narendra Modi]] on 28 August 2014<ref name="pib-en-109113">{{citation | url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=109113 | title=Prime Minister to Launch Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana Tomorrow | publisher=Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India | date=27 August 2014 }}</ref> He had announced this scheme on his first Independence Day speech on 15 August 2014.

Run by [[Ministry of Finance (India)#Department of Financial Services|Department of Financial Services]], [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], on the inauguration day, 1.5 Crore (15 million) bank accounts were opened under this scheme.<ref name="ET-28-aug-14">{{citation | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/pm-jan-dhan-yojana-launched-aims-to-open-1-5-crore-bank-accounts-on-first-day/articleshow/41093413.cms | title=PM 'Jan Dhan' Yojana launched; aims to open 1.5 crore bank accounts on first day | publisher=The Economic Times | date=28 August 2014 | author=ET Bureau}}</ref><ref name="Reuters-28-aug-14">{{cite web | url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/08/28/india-modi-banks-idINKBN0GS1P320140828 | title=Modi: Banking for all to end "financial untouchability" | publisher=Reuters | date=28 August 2014 }}</ref> Guinness World Records Recognises the Achievements made under PMJDY, Guinness World Records Certificate says "The most bank accounts opened in 1 week as a part of financial inclusion campaign is 18,096,130 and was achieved by Banks in India from 23 to 29 August 2014". By 1 June 2016, over 22 crore (220 million) bank accounts were opened and ₹384.11 billion (US$5.7 billion) were deposited under the scheme.<ref name=pmjdy>{{citation |title=Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana |url=http://www.pmjdy.gov.in/account |work=pmjdy.gov.in |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121042804/http://pmjdy.gov.in/account |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Aadhaar==
{{Main article|Aadhaar}}

The Unique Identification Authority of India is a central government agency of [[India]].<ref name=July13Expenditure>{{cite news|title=Unique Identification project expenditure at Rs 3,062 crore as of July end|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-29/news/41582259_1_uid-project-uid-number-enrolment|accessdate=29 May 2015|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=29 August 2013}}</ref> Its objective is to collect the [[biometric]] and demographic data of residents, store them in a centralised database, and issue a 12-digit unique identity number called '''Aadhaar''' to each resident.<ref name="WhatIs?">{{cite news|title=Learning with the Times: What is Aadhaar?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Learning-with-the-Times-What-is-Aadhaar/articleshow/6680601.cms|accessdate=29 May 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="administrative1">{{Cite journal|url = http://www.rmc.uitm.edu.my/images/stories/JAS/vol12-no1/1.pdf|title = India's Aadhaar Project: The Unprecedented and Unique Partnership for Inclusion|last = Chin|first = Roger|date = June 2015|journal = Journal of Administrative Science|doi = |pmid = |access-date = }}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is considered the world's largest [[national identification number]] project.<ref name=InsideUIDAI>{{cite news|title=UIDAI: Inside the World's Largest Data Management Project|url=http://forbesindia.com/article/big-bet/uidai-inside-the-worlds-largest-data-management-project/19632/1|accessdate=26 May 2015|work=[[Forbes]] (India)|date=29 November 2010}}</ref><ref name=LargestBioID>{{cite news|title=Aadhaar world's largest biometric ID system|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Aadhaar-worlds-largest-biometric-ID-system/articleshow/47063516.cms|accessdate=31 May 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 April 2015}}</ref>

{{As of|March 2016}}, the original legislation to back UIDAI is still pending in the [[Parliament of India]].<ref name=PRSNIA>{{cite web|title=National Identification Authority of India Bill, 2010|url=http://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/the-national-identification-authority-of-india-bill-2010-1196/|publisher=[[PRS Legislative Research]] }}</ref> However, on 3 March 2016, a new [[Money bill#India|money bill]] was introduced in the Parliament for the purpose.<ref name="Tabled-BL">{{cite news|title=Aadhaar legislation tabled as a money Bill|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/new-aadhaar-bill-introduced-as-money-bill-in-lok-sabha/article8309587.ece|work=[[The Hindu Business Line]]|date=3 March 2016}}</ref> On 11 March 2016, the [[Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services) Act, 2016]], was passed in the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref name="PassedLokSabha-LM">{{cite news|title=Aadhaar bill passed in Lok Sabha|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/UgblAmPPHetk71sjQUqcvN/Aadhaar-bill-passed-in-Lok-Sabha-the-story-so-far.html|accessdate=11 March 2016|work=[[Live Mint]]|date=11 March 2016}}</ref> On 26 March, 2016, The Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of financial & Other Subsidies, Benefits & Services) Act, 2016 was notified in the Gazette of India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/2016/201618.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816175154/http://www.indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/2016/201618.pdf |archive-date=16 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Some [[civil liberty]] groups, like Citizens Forum for Civil Liberties and Indian Social Action Forum (INSAF), have opposed the project on privacy concerns.<ref name=UIDAssault>{{cite news|title=UID an assault on individual liberty: Activists|url=http://www.rediff.com/money/report/uid-an-assault-on-individual-liberty/20100906.htm|accessdate=29 May 2015|work=[[Rediff]]|date=6 September 2010}}</ref><ref name=Ignorance>{{cite news|title=AADHAR: Union Cabinet of Ignorance!|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/upa-a-cabinet-of-ignorance-on-aadhaar/20130131.htm|accessdate=29 May 2015|work=[[Rediff]]}}</ref><ref name=BigBrother>{{cite news|title=The Trouble With Big Brother's Eye|url=http://www.tehelka.com/the-trouble-with-big-brothers-eye/?singlepage=1|accessdate=29 May 2015|work=[[Tehelka]]|date=31 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nine-issues-to-debate-on-aadhaar-bill/article8341611.ece|title=Nine issues to debate on Aadhaar Bill|date=2016-03-11|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-06-28}}</ref>

On 23 September 2013, the [[Supreme Court of India]] issued an interim order saying that "no person should suffer for not getting Aadhaar" as the government cannot deny a service to a resident if s/he does not possess Aadhaar, as it is voluntary and not mandatory.<ref name=AadharCourtTie>{{cite news|title=Don’t tie up benefits to Aadhaar, court tells Centre|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/dont-tie-up-benefits-to-aadhaar-court-tells-centre/article5162837.ece|accessdate=27 May 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 September 2013}}</ref> In another interim order on 11 August 2015, the Supreme Court of India ruled that "UIDAI/Aadhaar will not be used for any other purposes except [[Public distribution system|PDS]], kerosene and LPG distribution system" and made it clear that even for availing these facilities Aadhaar card will not be mandatory.<ref name=Aug11>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aadhaar-card-not-mandatory-supreme-court-rules-1206134|title=Aadhaar Card Not Mandatory, Supreme Court Rules|work=[[NDTV]]|date=11 August 2015|accessdate=6 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=Aug11Hindu>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/aadhaar-shall-remain-optional-supreme-court/article7525976.ece?homepage=true|title= Aadhaar shall remain optional: Supreme Court|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 August 2015|accessdate=6 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=IBN11Aug>{{cite news|title=SC rules Aadhaar card not mandatory, says government cannot share any personal information|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/sc-rules-aadhaar-card-not-mandatory-says-government-cannot-share-any-personal-information-1038130.html|accessdate=6 September 2015|work=[[IBNLive]]|date=11 August 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Government Schemes in India}}

[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]
[[Category:E-government in India]]

Archive:Sanamahism

2019-09-20T20:42:21Z

2405:204:B385:C6E7:0:0:1185:A8A5: Nothig

{{short description|Religious or philosophical tradition of Meetei origin}}
{{ Hinduism more older than Sanamahism,Hinduism is ancient religion of Manipur}}
{{About|the Sanamahism religion|consideration of ethnic, historic and cultural aspects of the Sanamahist identity|Meetei}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Expert needed|India|reason=This particularly needs attention from someone familiar with Indian religion and is able to improve it|date=July 2016}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2008}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=November 2008}}
{{MOS|date=August 2015}}
}}
{{Infobox religious group
| group = Sanamahism (ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤꯖꯝ)
| flag =
| flag_caption =
| image = Ema Khunthok-haanbi.jpg
| image_caption = '''Ema Khunthok-haanbi''', Guardian of Thangmeiband Area (Manipur, India)
| population = approx. 235,000<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm 2001 Census]</ref>
| founder =

| regions = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| tablehdr =

| region1 =
| pop1 =
| ref1 =
| region2 =
| pop2 =
| ref2 =
| region3 =
| pop3 =
| ref3 =

| religions =
| scriptures = [[PuYa|PuYa written in Meitei Mayek]] (Manipuri)
| languages =
| related-c =
| notes =
}}

'''Sanamahism''' or '''Sanamahi Laining''' refers to the traditional [[Meitei people|Meitei]] beliefs and ancient religion found in the states of [[Manipur]], [[Assam]] and [[Tripura]] in [[India]] and in [[Bangladesh]] and [[Myanmar]]. The term is derived from ''Sanamahi'', one of the important Meetei deities. Sanamahi is said to derive his power from the combination of all the stars in the galaxy. Lord Sun worships him for more power and he delivers all with ease. According to Bertil Lintner, Sanamahism is an "[[animism|animistic]], ancestor worshipping, shaman-led tradition".<ref>{{cite book|author=Bertil Lintner|title=Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fLOBwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19567-5|page=113}}</ref>

Sanamahism is practiced by the [[Meitei people|Meitei]], [[Zeliangrong]] and other communities who inhabit [[Manipur]], [[Assam]], [[Tripura]], [[Myanmar]] and [[Bangladesh]], with small migrant populations in the [[United Kingdom]], [[United States]], and [[Canada]].

==Revival==
According to 2011 census, about eight percent of Manipur belong to religions stated as 'other'.

Religion in Manipur is thought to have passed through three stages.<ref>P. 199 ''Social Movements in North-East India'' By Mahendra Narain Karna</ref>

==Form of worship==
In assimilate features such as the worship of forces of nature like fire, water, mountain, ancestor worship ([[Apokpa]]), Lamlai (Outdoor Dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Yumlai (House dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Ningthoulai (King God) and Umanglai (Forest Dwelling God). Religion of antiquity – in its pure native form, it is as all as the history of Meitei people from the time immemorial.

===Deities===
There is reference to the worship of Sanamahi by Ningthou (King) Kangba in the Hayi age. Manipur is a polytheistic land with Atiya Sidaba as the supreme god. Atiya Sidaba, Apaanba and Asheeba are the three manifestations or incarnations of God as the creator, the preserver and the annihilator of this universe respectively.

Panthoibi is the Mother of the Universe and Nongpok Ningthou is her mate.<ref>P. 4290 ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature'' By various</ref> Besides those, three hundred and sixty-four deities with their consorts are the most important deities worshipped by the Meiteis.

The Plain Kabui are observed in worship of Sanamahi and Ima Leimarel.<ref>''People of India'' By Kumar Suresh Singh, S. B. Roy, Asok K. Ghosh</ref>

Sanamahi (also known as Asheeba) has a creator brother (like him) named Paakhangba (Konjin Tukthapa).<ref>P. 82 ''A History of Manipuri Literature'' By Ch Manihar Singh</ref>

Some of the important gods and goddesses worshiped by the Meiteis are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Shidaba Mapu (Immortal Owner)
* Lainingthou Sanamahi (Supreme God of the Household Gods and Goddesses)
* Ebudhou Paakhangba (Younger Brother of Lainingthou Sanamahi and the Ruler of the outside world)
* Ima Leimarel Sidabi
* Apokpa (Prime Ancestor God and Goddess, different according to different surnames)
* Ebendhou Emoinu (Goddess of prosperity, wealth and kitchen)
* Ema Panthoibi (goddess of valor and battle)
* Yumjao Lairembi (Household Goddess)
* Ema Phouoibi (Goddess of Bounty)
* Ebudhou Marjing (God of sports and also the protector of North-East Direction)
* Ebudhou Thangjing (God of power and also the protector of South-West Direction)
* Ebudhou Wangbrel (God of rain, death and also the protector of South-East Direction)(Kumar 2004, 92)
* Ebudhou Koubru (God of strength and also the protector of North-West Direction)

They also worshipped the Umanglais (forest dwelling gods and goddesses). Umanglais are the protectors, preservers of their corresponding areas/localities which includes houses, fields, welfare of the people, etc. In short, the Umanglais are the guardians of the outer world of the people and also these gods and goddesses are associated with each and every doings of the people in day-to-day life. Hence, They are considered to be very powerful.

Some of the Umanglais are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Arong Ningthou
* Wangjing Ningthou
* Ema Eereima Oinam Lekai
* Lainingthou Nongshaaba
* Lainingthou Puthiba
* Lainingthou Awaangba
* Lainingthou Marjing
* Lainingthou Khoiriphaaba
* Ema Khunthok-haanbi
* Ema Haoreima Sampubi
* Ema Eereima
* Ekop Ningthou
* Thoubal Ningthou
* Ema Kondong Lairembi
* Nongpok Ningthou
* Langol Ningthou
* Ema Langol Lairembi
* Ebudhou Naothingkhong Paakhangba
* Ebudhou Khamlaangba
* Ebudhou Oknarel
* Ebudhou Thangnarel
* Ebudhou Yangoiningthou
* Ebudhou Khumaba

The title ''"Lainingthou"'' refers to the incarnation from Lainingthou Sanamahi and the title ''"Ebudhou"'' refers to the incarnation from Ebudhou Paakhangba.

===Offerings===
Meiteis offer praying to the household gods and goddesses twice a day, once at dawn and once at dusk. They offer incense sticks/burner and candles/''meiraa'' along with flowers and water.

Devout Meiteis offer food at sacred spots daily to the goddess of kitchen and prosperity, Ebendhou [[Emoinu]].<ref>P. 62 ''Feminism in a traditional society'' by Manjusri Chaki-Sircar</ref>

==See also==
* [[Sanamahi creation myth]]
* [[PuYa|Sacred books of Sanamahi religion]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation | last = Kshetrimayum | first = Otojit | year = 2014 | title = Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contextualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-50-8 }}
* {{citation | last = Hodson | first = T.C. | year = 2015 | title = The Meitheis | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-56-0}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = The Meeteis of Manipur: A Study in Human Geography | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-21-8}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = Population Geography of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-25-6}}

{{Religion topics}}

[[Category:Sanamahism]]
[[Category:Indian religions]]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]

Archive:Sanamahism

2019-09-20T20:38:17Z

2405:204:B385:C6E7:0:0:1185:A8A5: Nothing

{{short description|Religious or philosophical tradition of Meetei origin}}
{{ Hinduism more older than Sanamahism}}
{{About|the Sanamahism religion|consideration of ethnic, historic and cultural aspects of the Sanamahist identity|Meetei}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Expert needed|India|reason=This particularly needs attention from someone familiar with Indian religion and is able to improve it|date=July 2016}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2008}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=November 2008}}
{{MOS|date=August 2015}}
}}
{{Infobox religious group
| group = Sanamahism (ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤꯖꯝ)
| flag =
| flag_caption =
| image = Ema Khunthok-haanbi.jpg
| image_caption = '''Ema Khunthok-haanbi''', Guardian of Thangmeiband Area (Manipur, India)
| population = approx. 235,000<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm 2001 Census]</ref>
| founder =

| regions = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| tablehdr =

| region1 =
| pop1 =
| ref1 =
| region2 =
| pop2 =
| ref2 =
| region3 =
| pop3 =
| ref3 =

| religions =
| scriptures = [[PuYa|PuYa written in Meitei Mayek]] (Manipuri)
| languages =
| related-c =
| notes =
}}

'''Sanamahism''' or '''Sanamahi Laining''' refers to the traditional [[Meitei people|Meitei]] beliefs and ancient religion found in the states of [[Manipur]], [[Assam]] and [[Tripura]] in [[India]] and in [[Bangladesh]] and [[Myanmar]]. The term is derived from ''Sanamahi'', one of the important Meetei deities. Sanamahi is said to derive his power from the combination of all the stars in the galaxy. Lord Sun worships him for more power and he delivers all with ease. According to Bertil Lintner, Sanamahism is an "[[animism|animistic]], ancestor worshipping, shaman-led tradition".<ref>{{cite book|author=Bertil Lintner|title=Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fLOBwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19567-5|page=113}}</ref>

Sanamahism is practiced by the [[Meitei people|Meitei]], [[Zeliangrong]] and other communities who inhabit [[Manipur]], [[Assam]], [[Tripura]], [[Myanmar]] and [[Bangladesh]], with small migrant populations in the [[United Kingdom]], [[United States]], and [[Canada]].

==Revival==
According to 2011 census, about eight percent of Manipur belong to religions stated as 'other'.

Religion in Manipur is thought to have passed through three stages.<ref>P. 199 ''Social Movements in North-East India'' By Mahendra Narain Karna</ref>

==Form of worship==
In assimilate features such as the worship of forces of nature like fire, water, mountain, ancestor worship ([[Apokpa]]), Lamlai (Outdoor Dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Yumlai (House dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Ningthoulai (King God) and Umanglai (Forest Dwelling God). Religion of antiquity – in its pure native form, it is as all as the history of Meitei people from the time immemorial.

===Deities===
There is reference to the worship of Sanamahi by Ningthou (King) Kangba in the Hayi age. Manipur is a polytheistic land with Atiya Sidaba as the supreme god. Atiya Sidaba, Apaanba and Asheeba are the three manifestations or incarnations of God as the creator, the preserver and the annihilator of this universe respectively.

Panthoibi is the Mother of the Universe and Nongpok Ningthou is her mate.<ref>P. 4290 ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature'' By various</ref> Besides those, three hundred and sixty-four deities with their consorts are the most important deities worshipped by the Meiteis.

The Plain Kabui are observed in worship of Sanamahi and Ima Leimarel.<ref>''People of India'' By Kumar Suresh Singh, S. B. Roy, Asok K. Ghosh</ref>

Sanamahi (also known as Asheeba) has a creator brother (like him) named Paakhangba (Konjin Tukthapa).<ref>P. 82 ''A History of Manipuri Literature'' By Ch Manihar Singh</ref>

Some of the important gods and goddesses worshiped by the Meiteis are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Shidaba Mapu (Immortal Owner)
* Lainingthou Sanamahi (Supreme God of the Household Gods and Goddesses)
* Ebudhou Paakhangba (Younger Brother of Lainingthou Sanamahi and the Ruler of the outside world)
* Ima Leimarel Sidabi
* Apokpa (Prime Ancestor God and Goddess, different according to different surnames)
* Ebendhou Emoinu (Goddess of prosperity, wealth and kitchen)
* Ema Panthoibi (goddess of valor and battle)
* Yumjao Lairembi (Household Goddess)
* Ema Phouoibi (Goddess of Bounty)
* Ebudhou Marjing (God of sports and also the protector of North-East Direction)
* Ebudhou Thangjing (God of power and also the protector of South-West Direction)
* Ebudhou Wangbrel (God of rain, death and also the protector of South-East Direction)(Kumar 2004, 92)
* Ebudhou Koubru (God of strength and also the protector of North-West Direction)

They also worshipped the Umanglais (forest dwelling gods and goddesses). Umanglais are the protectors, preservers of their corresponding areas/localities which includes houses, fields, welfare of the people, etc. In short, the Umanglais are the guardians of the outer world of the people and also these gods and goddesses are associated with each and every doings of the people in day-to-day life. Hence, They are considered to be very powerful.

Some of the Umanglais are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Arong Ningthou
* Wangjing Ningthou
* Ema Eereima Oinam Lekai
* Lainingthou Nongshaaba
* Lainingthou Puthiba
* Lainingthou Awaangba
* Lainingthou Marjing
* Lainingthou Khoiriphaaba
* Ema Khunthok-haanbi
* Ema Haoreima Sampubi
* Ema Eereima
* Ekop Ningthou
* Thoubal Ningthou
* Ema Kondong Lairembi
* Nongpok Ningthou
* Langol Ningthou
* Ema Langol Lairembi
* Ebudhou Naothingkhong Paakhangba
* Ebudhou Khamlaangba
* Ebudhou Oknarel
* Ebudhou Thangnarel
* Ebudhou Yangoiningthou
* Ebudhou Khumaba

The title ''"Lainingthou"'' refers to the incarnation from Lainingthou Sanamahi and the title ''"Ebudhou"'' refers to the incarnation from Ebudhou Paakhangba.

===Offerings===
Meiteis offer praying to the household gods and goddesses twice a day, once at dawn and once at dusk. They offer incense sticks/burner and candles/''meiraa'' along with flowers and water.

Devout Meiteis offer food at sacred spots daily to the goddess of kitchen and prosperity, Ebendhou [[Emoinu]].<ref>P. 62 ''Feminism in a traditional society'' by Manjusri Chaki-Sircar</ref>

==See also==
* [[Sanamahi creation myth]]
* [[PuYa|Sacred books of Sanamahi religion]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation | last = Kshetrimayum | first = Otojit | year = 2014 | title = Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contextualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-50-8 }}
* {{citation | last = Hodson | first = T.C. | year = 2015 | title = The Meitheis | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-56-0}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = The Meeteis of Manipur: A Study in Human Geography | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-21-8}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = Population Geography of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-25-6}}

{{Religion topics}}

[[Category:Sanamahism]]
[[Category:Indian religions]]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]

Archive:Sanamahism

2019-09-20T20:36:04Z

2405:204:B385:C6E7:0:0:1185:A8A5: Nothing

{{short description|Religious or philosophical tradition of Meetei origin}} {{ Hinduism more older than Sanamahism}}
{{About|the Sanamahism religion|consideration of ethnic, historic and cultural aspects of the Sanamahist identity|Meetei}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Expert needed|India|reason=This particularly needs attention from someone familiar with Indian religion and is able to improve it|date=July 2016}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2008}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=November 2008}}
{{MOS|date=August 2015}}
}}
{{Infobox religious group
| group = Sanamahism (ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤꯖꯝ)
| flag =
| flag_caption =
| image = Ema Khunthok-haanbi.jpg
| image_caption = '''Ema Khunthok-haanbi''', Guardian of Thangmeiband Area (Manipur, India)
| population = approx. 235,000<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm 2001 Census]</ref>
| founder =

| regions = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| tablehdr =

| region1 =
| pop1 =
| ref1 =
| region2 =
| pop2 =
| ref2 =
| region3 =
| pop3 =
| ref3 =

| religions =
| scriptures = [[PuYa|PuYa written in Meitei Mayek]] (Manipuri)
| languages =
| related-c =
| notes =
}}

'''Sanamahism''' or '''Sanamahi Laining''' refers to the traditional [[Meitei people|Meitei]] beliefs and ancient religion found in the states of [[Manipur]], [[Assam]] and [[Tripura]] in [[India]] and in [[Bangladesh]] and [[Myanmar]]. The term is derived from ''Sanamahi'', one of the important Meetei deities. Sanamahi is said to derive his power from the combination of all the stars in the galaxy. Lord Sun worships him for more power and he delivers all with ease. According to Bertil Lintner, Sanamahism is an "[[animism|animistic]], ancestor worshipping, shaman-led tradition".<ref>{{cite book|author=Bertil Lintner|title=Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fLOBwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19567-5|page=113}}</ref>

Sanamahism is practiced by the [[Meitei people|Meitei]], [[Zeliangrong]] and other communities who inhabit [[Manipur]], [[Assam]], [[Tripura]], [[Myanmar]] and [[Bangladesh]], with small migrant populations in the [[United Kingdom]], [[United States]], and [[Canada]].

==Revival==
According to 2011 census, about eight percent of Manipur belong to religions stated as 'other'.

Religion in Manipur is thought to have passed through three stages.<ref>P. 199 ''Social Movements in North-East India'' By Mahendra Narain Karna</ref>

==Form of worship==
In assimilate features such as the worship of forces of nature like fire, water, mountain, ancestor worship ([[Apokpa]]), Lamlai (Outdoor Dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Yumlai (House dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Ningthoulai (King God) and Umanglai (Forest Dwelling God). Religion of antiquity – in its pure native form, it is as all as the history of Meitei people from the time immemorial.

===Deities===
There is reference to the worship of Sanamahi by Ningthou (King) Kangba in the Hayi age. Manipur is a polytheistic land with Atiya Sidaba as the supreme god. Atiya Sidaba, Apaanba and Asheeba are the three manifestations or incarnations of God as the creator, the preserver and the annihilator of this universe respectively.

Panthoibi is the Mother of the Universe and Nongpok Ningthou is her mate.<ref>P. 4290 ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature'' By various</ref> Besides those, three hundred and sixty-four deities with their consorts are the most important deities worshipped by the Meiteis.

The Plain Kabui are observed in worship of Sanamahi and Ima Leimarel.<ref>''People of India'' By Kumar Suresh Singh, S. B. Roy, Asok K. Ghosh</ref>

Sanamahi (also known as Asheeba) has a creator brother (like him) named Paakhangba (Konjin Tukthapa).<ref>P. 82 ''A History of Manipuri Literature'' By Ch Manihar Singh</ref>

Some of the important gods and goddesses worshiped by the Meiteis are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Shidaba Mapu (Immortal Owner)
* Lainingthou Sanamahi (Supreme God of the Household Gods and Goddesses)
* Ebudhou Paakhangba (Younger Brother of Lainingthou Sanamahi and the Ruler of the outside world)
* Ima Leimarel Sidabi
* Apokpa (Prime Ancestor God and Goddess, different according to different surnames)
* Ebendhou Emoinu (Goddess of prosperity, wealth and kitchen)
* Ema Panthoibi (goddess of valor and battle)
* Yumjao Lairembi (Household Goddess)
* Ema Phouoibi (Goddess of Bounty)
* Ebudhou Marjing (God of sports and also the protector of North-East Direction)
* Ebudhou Thangjing (God of power and also the protector of South-West Direction)
* Ebudhou Wangbrel (God of rain, death and also the protector of South-East Direction)(Kumar 2004, 92)
* Ebudhou Koubru (God of strength and also the protector of North-West Direction)

They also worshipped the Umanglais (forest dwelling gods and goddesses). Umanglais are the protectors, preservers of their corresponding areas/localities which includes houses, fields, welfare of the people, etc. In short, the Umanglais are the guardians of the outer world of the people and also these gods and goddesses are associated with each and every doings of the people in day-to-day life. Hence, They are considered to be very powerful.

Some of the Umanglais are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Arong Ningthou
* Wangjing Ningthou
* Ema Eereima Oinam Lekai
* Lainingthou Nongshaaba
* Lainingthou Puthiba
* Lainingthou Awaangba
* Lainingthou Marjing
* Lainingthou Khoiriphaaba
* Ema Khunthok-haanbi
* Ema Haoreima Sampubi
* Ema Eereima
* Ekop Ningthou
* Thoubal Ningthou
* Ema Kondong Lairembi
* Nongpok Ningthou
* Langol Ningthou
* Ema Langol Lairembi
* Ebudhou Naothingkhong Paakhangba
* Ebudhou Khamlaangba
* Ebudhou Oknarel
* Ebudhou Thangnarel
* Ebudhou Yangoiningthou
* Ebudhou Khumaba

The title ''"Lainingthou"'' refers to the incarnation from Lainingthou Sanamahi and the title ''"Ebudhou"'' refers to the incarnation from Ebudhou Paakhangba.

===Offerings===
Meiteis offer praying to the household gods and goddesses twice a day, once at dawn and once at dusk. They offer incense sticks/burner and candles/''meiraa'' along with flowers and water.

Devout Meiteis offer food at sacred spots daily to the goddess of kitchen and prosperity, Ebendhou [[Emoinu]].<ref>P. 62 ''Feminism in a traditional society'' by Manjusri Chaki-Sircar</ref>

==See also==
* [[Sanamahi creation myth]]
* [[PuYa|Sacred books of Sanamahi religion]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation | last = Kshetrimayum | first = Otojit | year = 2014 | title = Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contextualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-50-8 }}
* {{citation | last = Hodson | first = T.C. | year = 2015 | title = The Meitheis | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-56-0}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = The Meeteis of Manipur: A Study in Human Geography | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-21-8}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = Population Geography of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-25-6}}

{{Religion topics}}

[[Category:Sanamahism]]
[[Category:Indian religions]]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]

Archive:Sanamahism

2019-09-20T20:31:59Z

2405:204:B385:C6E7:0:0:1185:A8A5: Need filter

{{short description|Religious or philosophical tradition of Meetei origin}} Hinduism more older than sanamahism
{{About|the Sanamahism religion|consideration of ethnic, historic and cultural aspects of the Sanamahist identity|Meetei}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Expert needed|India|reason=This particularly needs attention from someone familiar with Indian religion and is able to improve it|date=July 2016}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2008}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=November 2008}}
{{MOS|date=August 2015}}
}}
{{Infobox religious group
| group = Sanamahism (ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤꯖꯝ)
| flag =
| flag_caption =
| image = Ema Khunthok-haanbi.jpg
| image_caption = '''Ema Khunthok-haanbi''', Guardian of Thangmeiband Area (Manipur, India)
| population = approx. 235,000<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm 2001 Census]</ref>
| founder =

| regions = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| tablehdr =

| region1 =
| pop1 =
| ref1 =
| region2 =
| pop2 =
| ref2 =
| region3 =
| pop3 =
| ref3 =

| religions =
| scriptures = [[PuYa|PuYa written in Meitei Mayek]] (Manipuri)
| languages =
| related-c =
| notes =
}}

'''Sanamahism''' or '''Sanamahi Laining''' refers to the traditional [[Meitei people|Meitei]] beliefs and ancient religion found in the states of [[Manipur]], [[Assam]] and [[Tripura]] in [[India]] and in [[Bangladesh]] and [[Myanmar]]. The term is derived from ''Sanamahi'', one of the important Meetei deities. Sanamahi is said to derive his power from the combination of all the stars in the galaxy. Lord Sun worships him for more power and he delivers all with ease. According to Bertil Lintner, Sanamahism is an "[[animism|animistic]], ancestor worshipping, shaman-led tradition".<ref>{{cite book|author=Bertil Lintner|title=Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fLOBwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19567-5|page=113}}</ref>

Sanamahism is practiced by the [[Meitei people|Meitei]], [[Zeliangrong]] and other communities who inhabit [[Manipur]], [[Assam]], [[Tripura]], [[Myanmar]] and [[Bangladesh]], with small migrant populations in the [[United Kingdom]], [[United States]], and [[Canada]].

==Revival==
According to 2011 census, about eight percent of Manipur belong to religions stated as 'other'.

Religion in Manipur is thought to have passed through three stages.<ref>P. 199 ''Social Movements in North-East India'' By Mahendra Narain Karna</ref>

==Form of worship==
In assimilate features such as the worship of forces of nature like fire, water, mountain, ancestor worship ([[Apokpa]]), Lamlai (Outdoor Dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Yumlai (House dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Ningthoulai (King God) and Umanglai (Forest Dwelling God). Religion of antiquity – in its pure native form, it is as all as the history of Meitei people from the time immemorial.

===Deities===
There is reference to the worship of Sanamahi by Ningthou (King) Kangba in the Hayi age. Manipur is a polytheistic land with Atiya Sidaba as the supreme god. Atiya Sidaba, Apaanba and Asheeba are the three manifestations or incarnations of God as the creator, the preserver and the annihilator of this universe respectively.

Panthoibi is the Mother of the Universe and Nongpok Ningthou is her mate.<ref>P. 4290 ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature'' By various</ref> Besides those, three hundred and sixty-four deities with their consorts are the most important deities worshipped by the Meiteis.

The Plain Kabui are observed in worship of Sanamahi and Ima Leimarel.<ref>''People of India'' By Kumar Suresh Singh, S. B. Roy, Asok K. Ghosh</ref>

Sanamahi (also known as Asheeba) has a creator brother (like him) named Paakhangba (Konjin Tukthapa).<ref>P. 82 ''A History of Manipuri Literature'' By Ch Manihar Singh</ref>

Some of the important gods and goddesses worshiped by the Meiteis are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Shidaba Mapu (Immortal Owner)
* Lainingthou Sanamahi (Supreme God of the Household Gods and Goddesses)
* Ebudhou Paakhangba (Younger Brother of Lainingthou Sanamahi and the Ruler of the outside world)
* Ima Leimarel Sidabi
* Apokpa (Prime Ancestor God and Goddess, different according to different surnames)
* Ebendhou Emoinu (Goddess of prosperity, wealth and kitchen)
* Ema Panthoibi (goddess of valor and battle)
* Yumjao Lairembi (Household Goddess)
* Ema Phouoibi (Goddess of Bounty)
* Ebudhou Marjing (God of sports and also the protector of North-East Direction)
* Ebudhou Thangjing (God of power and also the protector of South-West Direction)
* Ebudhou Wangbrel (God of rain, death and also the protector of South-East Direction)(Kumar 2004, 92)
* Ebudhou Koubru (God of strength and also the protector of North-West Direction)

They also worshipped the Umanglais (forest dwelling gods and goddesses). Umanglais are the protectors, preservers of their corresponding areas/localities which includes houses, fields, welfare of the people, etc. In short, the Umanglais are the guardians of the outer world of the people and also these gods and goddesses are associated with each and every doings of the people in day-to-day life. Hence, They are considered to be very powerful.

Some of the Umanglais are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Arong Ningthou
* Wangjing Ningthou
* Ema Eereima Oinam Lekai
* Lainingthou Nongshaaba
* Lainingthou Puthiba
* Lainingthou Awaangba
* Lainingthou Marjing
* Lainingthou Khoiriphaaba
* Ema Khunthok-haanbi
* Ema Haoreima Sampubi
* Ema Eereima
* Ekop Ningthou
* Thoubal Ningthou
* Ema Kondong Lairembi
* Nongpok Ningthou
* Langol Ningthou
* Ema Langol Lairembi
* Ebudhou Naothingkhong Paakhangba
* Ebudhou Khamlaangba
* Ebudhou Oknarel
* Ebudhou Thangnarel
* Ebudhou Yangoiningthou
* Ebudhou Khumaba

The title ''"Lainingthou"'' refers to the incarnation from Lainingthou Sanamahi and the title ''"Ebudhou"'' refers to the incarnation from Ebudhou Paakhangba.

===Offerings===
Meiteis offer praying to the household gods and goddesses twice a day, once at dawn and once at dusk. They offer incense sticks/burner and candles/''meiraa'' along with flowers and water.

Devout Meiteis offer food at sacred spots daily to the goddess of kitchen and prosperity, Ebendhou [[Emoinu]].<ref>P. 62 ''Feminism in a traditional society'' by Manjusri Chaki-Sircar</ref>

==See also==
* [[Sanamahi creation myth]]
* [[PuYa|Sacred books of Sanamahi religion]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation | last = Kshetrimayum | first = Otojit | year = 2014 | title = Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contextualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-50-8 }}
* {{citation | last = Hodson | first = T.C. | year = 2015 | title = The Meitheis | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-56-0}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = The Meeteis of Manipur: A Study in Human Geography | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-21-8}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = Population Geography of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-25-6}}

{{Religion topics}}

[[Category:Sanamahism]]
[[Category:Indian religions]]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]

Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University

2019-06-08T15:30:55Z

2405:204:4381:3941:A431:CD2A:4A15:5FC3:

{{unsourced|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox University
|name = Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University
|image =Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University logo.jpg
|image_size =
|motto =
|established = {{start date|1992}}
|chancellor = [[Governor of Bihar]]
|vice_chancellor= DR.A.K. Rai
|city = [[Madhepura]]
|state =[[Bihar]]
|country = [[India]]
|students=
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|campus = [[Rural areas|Rural]]
|affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
|website= {{url|http://www.bnmuinfo.org/}}
}}

'''Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University''' ('''B. N. Mandal University''') is at the district headquarters, [[Madhepura]]. It acts as an affiliating institution and offers undergraduate, graduate and PhD programs through its constituents, affiliated colleges, and institutes in [[Madhepura]] and nearby cities.
The university conducts various vocational and technical courses in Science, commerce,and arts and also in engineering and Medical science.
==Affiliated colleges==
* Adarsh College, Madhepura
* K B Women's College, MAdhepura
* Madhepura College Madhepura
* Milliar Faqurudin Ali Ahmad T P College Madhepura
* R P M College MAdhepura
* ST.A K N Degree College,MAdhepura
* U V K College, MAdhepura
* Banwari Shankar College,Saharsa
* Evening College,Saharsa
* Lakshminath College,Saharsa
* S N S Mahila College,Supaul
* Anuplal Yadav College,Supaul
* K N Degree College,Supaul
* National Degree College,Supaul

==Constituent colleges==
* B.N.M.V. College, Sahugarh, Madhepura
* Harihar Shah College,MAdhepura
* Kamleshwari Prasad College, Murliganj, Madhepura
* Parwati Science College, MAdhepura
* T. P. College, Madhepura
* Maharaja Hariballabh Memorial College,Saharsa
* Manohar Lal Tekriwal College,Saharsa
* Ramesh Jha Mahila College,Saharsa
* Rajendra Mishra College,Saharsa
* Ravinandan Mishra Memorial Law College,Saharsa
* Sarb Narain Singh Ram Kumar Singh College,Saharsa
* Bharat Sewak Samaj College,Supaul
* Hari Prasad Shah College,Supaul
* Lalit Narayan Mishra Smarak College,Supaul
*Law College, Madhepura

==Engineering Colleges==
* Kishanganj College of Engg & Tech
* Millia Institute of Technology

==Medical Colleges==
* Katihar Medical College
* Lord Buddha Medical College
* Mata Guruji Memorial Medical College

==Teachers Training Colleges==
* Katihar Teachers Training College
* M.P College of Education

{{Universities in Bihar}}

[[Category:Universities in Bihar]]
[[Category:Madhepura district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1992]]

Archive:Sanamahism

2018-12-24T06:19:56Z

2405:204:B384:E685:0:0:B30:D0A5: /* Revival */

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Expert needed|India|reason=This particularly needs attention from someone familiar with Indian religion and is able to improve it|date=July 2016}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2008}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=November 2008}}
{{MOS|date=August 2015}}
}}
{{Infobox religious group
| group = Sanamahism (ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤꯖꯝ)
| flag =
| flag_caption =
| image = Ema Khunthok-haanbi.jpg
| image_caption = '''Ema Khunthok-haanbi''', Guardian of Thangmeiband Area (Manipur, India)
| population = approx. 235,000<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm 2001 Census]</ref>
| founder =

| regions = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| tablehdr =

| region1 =
| pop1 =
| ref1 =
| region2 =
| pop2 =
| ref2 =
| region3 =
| pop3 =
| ref3 =

| religions =
| scriptures = [[PuYa|PuYa written in Meitei Mayek]] (Manipuri)
| languages =
| related-c =
| notes =
}}

'''Sanamahism''' or '''Sanamahi Laining''' refers to the traditional Meitei beliefs and religion found in the state of India called [[Manipur]] near [[Myanmar]]. The term is derived from ''Sanamahi'', one of the important Meitei deities. Sanamahi derives his power from the combination of all the stars in the Milky Way. Lord Sun worships him for more power and he delivers all with ease. According to Bertil Lintner, Sanamahism is an "[[animism|animistic]], ancestor worshipping, shaman-led tradition".<ref>{{cite book|author=Bertil Lintner|title=Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fLOBwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19567-5|page=113}}</ref>

Sanamahism is practiced by the [[Meitei people|Meitei]], [[Zeliangrong]] and other communities who inhabit [[Manipur]], [[Assam]], [[Tripura]], [[Myanmar]] and [[Bangladesh]], with small migrant populations in the [[United Kingdom]], [[United States]], and [[Canada]].

==Revival==
According to 2011 census, about eight percent of Manipur belong to religions stated as 'other'.but not all are much as a believer

Religion in Manipur is thought to have passed through three stages.<ref>P. 199 ''Social Movements in North-East India'' By Mahendra Narain Karna</ref>

==Form of worship==
In assimilate features such as the worship of forces of nature like fire, water, mountain, ancestor worship ([[Apokpa]]), Lamlai (Outdoor Dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Yumlai (House dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Ningthoulai (King God) and Umanglai (Forest Dwelling God). Religion of antiquity – in its pure native form, it is as all as the history of Meitei people from the time immemorial.

===Deities===
There is reference to the worship of Sanamahi by Ningthou (King) Kangba in the Hayi age. Manipur is a polytheistic land with Atiya Sidaba as the supreme god. Atiya Sidaba, Apaanba and Asheeba are the three manifestations or incarnations of God as the creator, the preserver and the annihilator of this universe respectively.

Panthoibi is the Mother of the Universe and Nongpok Ningthou is her mate.<ref>P. 4290 ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature'' By various</ref> Besides those, three hundred and sixty-four deities with their consorts are the most important deities worshipped by the Meiteis.

The Plain Kabui are observed in worship of Sanamahi and Ima Leimarel.<ref>''People of India'' By Kumar Suresh Singh, S. B. Roy, Asok K. Ghosh</ref>

Sanamahi (also known as Asheeba) has a creator brother (like him) named Paakhangba (Konjin Tukthapa).<ref>P. 82 ''A History of Manipuri Literature'' By Ch Manihar Singh</ref>

Some of the important gods and goddesses worshiped by the Meiteis are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Shidaba Mapu (Immortal Owner)
* Lainingthou Sanamahi (Supreme God of the Household Gods and Goddesses)
* Ebudhou Paakhangba (Younger Brother of Lainingthou Sanamahi and the Ruler of the outside world)
* Ima Leimarel Sidabi
* Apokpa (Prime Ancestor God and Goddess, different according to different surnames)
* Ebendhou Emoinu (Goddess of prosperity, wealth and kitchen)
* Ema Panthoibi (goddess of valor and battle)
* Yumjao Lairembi (Household Goddess)
* Ema Phouoibi (Goddess of Bounty)
* Ebudhou Marjing (God of sports and also the protector of North-East Direction)
* Ebudhou Thangjing (God of power and also the protector of South-West Direction)
* Ebudhou Wangbrel (God of rain, death and also the protector of South-East Direction)(Kumar 2004, 92)
* Ebudhou Koubru (God of strength and also the protector of North-West Direction)

They also worshipped the Umanglais (forest dwelling gods and goddesses). Umanglais are the protectors, preservers of their corresponding areas/localities which includes houses, fields, welfare of the people, etc. In short, the Umanglais are the guardians of the outer world of the people and also these gods and goddesses are associated with each and every doings of the people in day-to-day life. Hence, They are considerrd to be very powerful.

Some of the Umanglais are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Arong Ningthou
* Wangjing Ningthou
* Ema Eereima Oinam Lekai
* Lainingthou Nongshaaba
* Lainingthou Puthiba
* Lainingthou Awaangba
* Lainingthou Marjing
* Lainingthou Khoiriphaaba
* Ema Khunthok-haanbi
* Ema Haoreima Sampubi
* Ema Eereima
* Ekop Ningthou
* Thoubal Ningthou
* Ema Kondong Lairembi
* Nongpok Ningthou
* Langol Ningthou
* Ema Langol Lairembi
* Ebudhou Naothingkhong Paakhangba
* Ebudhou Khamlaangba
* Ebudhou Oknarel
* Ebudhou Thangnarel
* Ebudhou Yangoiningthou
* Ebudhou Khumaba

The title ''"Lainingthou"'' refers to the incarnation from Lainingthou Sanamahi and the title ''"Ebudhou"'' refers to the incarnation from Ebudhou Paakhangba.

===Offerings===
Meiteis offer praying to the household gods and goddesses twice a day, once at dawn and once at dusk. They offer incense sticks/burner and candles/''meiraa'' along with flowers and water.

Devout Meiteis offer food at sacred spots daily to the goddess of kitchen and prosperity, Ebendhou Emoinu.<ref>P. 62 ''Feminism in a traditional society'' by Manjusri Chaki-Sircar</ref>

==See also==
* [[Sanamahi creation myth]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation | last = Kshetrimayum | first = Otojit | year = 2014 | title = Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contextualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-50-8 }}
* {{citation | last = Hodson | first = T.C. | year = 2015 | title = The Meitheis | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-56-0}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = The Meeteis of Manipur: A Study in Human Geography | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-21-8}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = Population Geography of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-25-6}}

{{Religion topics}}

[[Category:Indian religions]]
[[Category:Sanamahism]]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]

Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University

2018-10-06T08:31:39Z

2405:204:4213:19D3:4CD8:18BE:A6DD:8516: /* Affiliated colleges */

{{unsourced|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox University
|name = Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University
|image =
|image_size =
|motto =
|established = {{start date|1992}}
|chancellor = [[Governor of Bihar]]
|vice_chancellor= DR.A.K. Rai
|city = [[Madhepura]]
|state =[[Bihar]]
|country = [[India]]
|students=
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|campus = [[Rural areas|Rural]]
|affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
|website= {{url|http://www.bnmuinfo.org/}}
}}

'''Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University''' ('''B. N. Mandal University''') is at the district headquarters, [[Madhepura]]. It acts as an affiliating institution and offers undergraduate, graduate and PhD programs through its constituents, affiliated colleges, and institutes in [[Madhepura]] and nearby cities.
The university conducts various vocational and technical courses in Science, commerce,and arts and also in engineering and Medical science courses of MBBS and MD.
It was providing bachelor of engineering degree till 2008;
after 2008 it is providing bachelor of technology degree to its engineering degree candidates.
CE,ME,EE,ECE,CSE

==Affiliated colleges==
* Adarsh College, Madhepura
* K B Women's College, MAdhepura
* Madhepura College Madhepura
* ST.A K N Degree College,MAdhepura
* U V K College, MAdhepura
* Banwari Shankar College,Saharsa
* Evening College,Saharsa
* Lakshminath College,Saharsa
* S N S Mahila College,Supaul
* Anuplal Yadav College,Supaul
* K N Degree College,Supaul
* National Degree College,Supaul
* Milliar Faqurudin Ali Ahmad T P College
* R P M College
* S P M College
* Veer Narayan Chand College
* Chotkan Mandal Science College

==Constituent colleges==
* B.N.M.V. College, Sahugarh, Madhepura
* Harihar Shah College,MAdhepura
* Kamleshwari Prasad College, Murliganj, Madhepura
* Parwati Science College, MAdhepura
* T. P. College, Madhepura
* Maharaja Hariballabh Memorial College,Saharsa
* Manohar Lal Tekriwal College,Saharsa
* Ramesh Jha Mahila College,Saharsa
* Rajendra Mishra College,Saharsa
* Ravinandan Mishra Memorial Law College,Saharsa
* Sarb Narain Singh Ram Kumar Singh College,Saharsa
* Bharat Sewak Samaj College,Supaul
* Hari Prasad Shah College,Supaul
* Lalit Narayan Mishra Smarak College,Supaul

==Law Colleges==
* Brij Mohan Thakur Law College
* Chandra Kishore Mishra Law College

==Engineering Colleges==
* Kishanganj College of Engg & Tech
* Millia Institute of Technology

==Medical Colleges==
* Katihar Medical College
* Lord Buddha Medical College
* Mata Guruji Memorial Medical College

==TEachers Training Colleges==
* Katihar Teachers Training College
* M.P College of Education

{{Universities in Bihar}}

[[Category:Universities in Bihar]]
[[Category:Madhepura district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1992]]

Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University

2018-10-06T08:24:00Z

2405:204:4213:19D3:4CD8:18BE:A6DD:8516:

{{unsourced|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox University
|name = Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University
|image =
|image_size =
|motto =
|established = {{start date|1992}}
|chancellor = [[Governor of Bihar]]
|vice_chancellor= DR.A.K. Rai
|city = [[Madhepura]]
|state =[[Bihar]]
|country = [[India]]
|students=
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|campus = [[Rural areas|Rural]]
|affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
|website= {{url|http://www.bnmuinfo.org/}}
}}

'''Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University''' ('''B. N. Mandal University''') is at the district headquarters, [[Madhepura]]. It acts as an affiliating institution and offers undergraduate, graduate and PhD programs through its constituents, affiliated colleges, and institutes in [[Madhepura]] and nearby cities.
The university conducts various vocational and technical courses in Science, commerce,and arts and also in engineering and Medical science courses of MBBS and MD.
It was providing bachelor of engineering degree till 2008;
after 2008 it is providing bachelor of technology degree to its engineering degree candidates.
CE,ME,EE,ECE,CSE

==Affiliated colleges==
* Chotkan Mandal Science College
* Madhepura College Madhepura
* Adarsh College
* S P M College
* R P M College
* K B Women's College
* ST. A K N Degree College
* U V K College
* Banwari Shankar College
* Evening College
* Lakshminath College
* S N S Mahila College
* Anuplal Yadav College
* K N Degree College
* National Degree College
* Veer Narayan Chand College
* Parmanand Savatri Degree College
* Bhagawati Mandir
* Milliar Faqurudin Ali Ahmad T P College

==Constituent colleges==
* B.N.M.V. College, Sahugarh, Madhepura
* Harihar Shah College,MAdhepura
* Kamleshwari Prasad College, Murliganj, Madhepura
* Parwati Science College, MAdhepura
* T. P. College, Madhepura
* Maharaja Hariballabh Memorial College,Saharsa
* Manohar Lal Tekriwal College,Saharsa
* Ramesh Jha Mahila College,Saharsa
* Rajendra Mishra College,Saharsa
* Ravinandan Mishra Memorial Law College,Saharsa
* Sarb Narain Singh Ram Kumar Singh College,Saharsa
* Bharat Sewak Samaj College,Supaul
* Hari Prasad Shah College,Supaul
* Lalit Narayan Mishra Smarak College,Supaul

==Law Colleges==
* Brij Mohan Thakur Law College
* Chandra Kishore Mishra Law College

==Engineering Colleges==
* Kishanganj College of Engg & Tech
* Millia Institute of Technology

==Medical Colleges==
* Katihar Medical College
* Lord Buddha Medical College
* Mata Guruji Memorial Medical College

==TEachers Training Colleges==
* Katihar Teachers Training College
* M.P College of Education

{{Universities in Bihar}}

[[Category:Universities in Bihar]]
[[Category:Madhepura district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1992]]

Archive:Sanamahism

2018-03-16T18:01:23Z

2405:204:101D:21D:EC05:6661:6E5C:5859:

{{multiple issues|
{{Expert needed|India|reason=This particularly needs attention from someone familiar with Indian religion and is able to improve it|date=July 2016}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2008}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=November 2008}}
{{MOS|date=August 2015}}
}}
{{Infobox religious group
| group = Sanamahism
| flag =
| flag_caption =
| image = Ema Khunthok-haanbi.jpg
| image_caption = '''Ema Khunthok-haanbi''', Guardian of Thangmeiband Area (Manipur, India)
| population = approx.235,000<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm 2001 Census]</ref>
| founder =

| regions = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| tablehdr =

| region1 =
| pop1 =
| ref1 =
| region2 =
| pop2 =
| ref2 =
| region3 =
| pop3 =
| ref3 =

| religions =
| scriptures = [[Meitei language|Puya / written in Meitei Mayek]] (Manipuri)
| languages =
| related-c =
| notes =
}}

'''Sanamahism''' or '''Sanamahi Laining''' refers to the traditional Meitei beliefs and religion found in the northeastern [[India]]n states near [[Myanmar]]. He is enumerous powerful and his source of power is the combination of all the stars in the Milky Way. Lord Sun worships him for more power and he delivers all with ease.The term is derived from ''Sanamahi'', one of the important Meitei deities. According to Bertil Lintner, Sanamahism is an "[[animism|animistic]], ancestor worshipping, shaman-led tradition".<ref>{{cite book|author=Bertil Lintner|title=Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fLOBwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19567-5|page=113}}</ref>

Sanamahism is practiced by the [[Meitei people|Meitei]], [[Zeliangrong]] and other communities who inhabit Manipur, [[Assam]], [[Tripura]], [[Myanmar]] and [[Bangladesh]], with small migrant populations in the [[United Kingdom]], [[United States]], and [[Canada]].

==Revival==
According to 2011 census, about eight percent of Manipur belong to religions stated as 'other'.

Religion in Manipur is thought to have passed through three stages.<ref>P. 199 ''Social Movements in North-East India'' By Mahendra Narain Karna</ref>

==Form of worship==
In assimilate features such as the worship of forces of nature like fire, water, mountain, ancestor worship ([[Apokpa]]), Lamlai (Outdoor Dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Yumlai (House dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Ningthoulai (King God) and Umanglai (Forest Dwelling God). Religion of antiquity – in its pure native form, it is as all as the history of Meitei people from the time immemorial.

===Deities===
There is reference to the worship of Sanamahi by Ningthou (King) Kangba in the Hayi age. Manipur is a polytheistic land with Atiya Sidaba as the supreme god. Atiya Sidaba, Apaanba and Asheeba are the three manifestations or incarnations of God as the creator, the preserver and the annihilator of this universe respectively.

Panthoibi is the Mother of the Universe and Nongpok Ningthou is her mate.<ref>P. 4290 ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature'' By various</ref> Besides those, three hundred and sixty-four deities with their consorts are the most important deities worshipped by the Meiteis.

The Plain Kabui are observed in worship of Sanamahi and Ima Leimarel.<ref>''People of India'' By Kumar Suresh Singh, S. B. Roy, Asok K. Ghosh</ref>

Sanamahi (also known as Asheeba) has a creator brother (like him) named Paakhangba (Konjin Tukthapa).<ref>P. 82 ''A History of Manipuri Literature'' By Ch Manihar Singh</ref>

Some of the important gods and goddesses worshiped by the Meiteis are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Shidaba Mapu (Immortal Owner)
* Lainingthou Sanamahi (Supreme God of the Household Gods and Goddesses)
* Ebudhou Paakhangba (Younger Brother of Lainingthou Sanamahi and the Ruler of the outside world)
* Ima Leimarel Sidabi
* Apokpa (Prime Ancestor God and Goddess, different according to different surnames)
* Ebendhou Emoinu (Goddess of prosperity, wealth and kitchen)
* Ema Panthoibi (goddess of valor and battle)
* Yumjao Lairembi (Household Goddess)
* Ema Phouoibi (Goddess of Bounty)
* Ebudhou Marjing (God of sports and also the protector of North-East Direction)
* Ebudhou Thangjing (God of power and also the protector of South-West Direction)
* Ebudhou Wangbrel (God of rain, death and also the protector of South-East Direction)(Kumar 2004, 92)
* Ebudhou Koubru (God of strength and also the protector of North-West Direction)

They also worshipped the Umanglais (forest dwelling gods and goddesses). Umanglais are the protectors, preservers of their corresponding areas/localities which includes houses, fields, welfare of the people, etc. In short, the Umanglais are the guardians of the outer world of the people and also these gods and goddesses are associated with each and every doings of the people in day-to-day life. Hence, They are considerrd to be very powerful.

Some of the Umanglais are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Arong Ningthou
* Ema Eereima Oinam Lekai
* Lainingthou Nongshaaba
* Lainingthou Puthiba
* Lainingthou Awaangba
* Lainingthou Marjing
* Lainingthou Khoiriphaaba
* Ema Khunthok-haanbi
* Ema Haoreima Sampubi
* Ema Eereima
* Ekop Ningthou
* Thoubal Ningthou
* Ema Kondong Lairembi
* Nongpok Ningthou
* Langol Ningthou
* Ema Langol Lairembi
* Ebudhou Naothingkhong Paakhangba
* Ebudhou Khamlaangba
* Ebudhou Oknarel
* Ebudhou Thangnarel
* Ebudhou Yangoiningthou

The title ''"Lainingthou"'' refers to the incarnation from Lainingthou Sanamahi and the title ''"Ebudhou"'' refers to the incarnation from Ebudhou Paakhangba.

===Offerings===
Meiteis offer praying to the household gods and goddesses twice a day, once at dawn and once at dusk. They offer incense sticks/burner and candles/''meiraa'' along with flowers and water.

Devout Meiteis offer food at sacred spots daily to the goddess of kitchen and prosperity, Ebendhou Emoinu.<ref>P. 62 ''Feminism in a traditional society'' by Manjusri Chaki-Sircar</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation | last = Kshetrimayum | first = Otojit | year = 2014 | title = Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contextualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-50-8 }}
* {{citation | last = Hodson | first = T.C. | year = 2015 | title = The Meitheis | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-56-0}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = The Meeteis of Manipur: A Study in Human Geography | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-21-8}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = Population Geography of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-25-6}}

{{Religion topics}}

[[Category:Indian religions]]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]

Archive:Sanamahism

2017-11-06T08:30:43Z

2405:204:10A2:47D1:60AF:A786:5207:2D6C:

{{multiple issues|
{{Expert needed|India|reason=This particularly needs attention from someone familiar with Indian religion and is able to improve it|date=July 2016}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2008}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=November 2008}}
{{MOS|date=August 2015}}
}}
{{Infobox religious group
| group = Sanamahism
| flag =
| flag_caption =
| image = Ema Khunthok-haanbi.jpg
| image_caption = '''Ema Khunthok-haanbi''', Guardian of Thangmeiband Area (Manipur, India)
| population = approx.235,000<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm 2001 Census]</ref>
| founder =

| regions = [[Manipur country]]]]
| tablehdr =

| region1 =
| pop1 =
| ref1 =
| region2 =
| pop2 =
| ref2 =
| region3 =
| pop3 =
| ref3 =

| religions =
| scriptures = [[Meitei language|Puya / written in Meitei Mayek]] (Manipuri)
| languages =
| related-c =
| notes =
}}

'''Sanamahism''' or '''Sanamahi Laining''' refers to the traditional Meitei beliefs and religion found in the northeastern [[India]]n states near [[Myanmar]]. The term is derived from ''Sanamahi'', one of the important Meitei deities. According to Bertil Lintner, Sanamahism is an "[[animism|animistic]], ancestor worshipping, shaman-led tradition".<ref>{{cite book|author=Bertil Lintner|title=Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fLOBwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19567-5|page=113}}</ref>

Sanamahism is practiced by the [[Meitei people|Meitei]], [[Zeliangrong]] and other communities who inhabit Manipur, [[Assam]], [[Tripura]], [[Myanmar]] and [[Bangladesh]], with small migrant populations in the [[United Kingdom]], [[United States]], and [[Canada]].

==Revival==
According to 2011 census, about eight percent of Manipur belong to religions stated as 'other'.

Religion in Manipur is thought to have passed through three stages.<ref>P. 199 ''Social Movements in North-East India'' By Mahendra Narain Karna</ref>

==Form of worship==
In assimilate features such as the worship of forces of nature like fire, water, mountain, ancestor worship ([[Apokpa]]), Lamlai (Outdoor Dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Yumlai (House dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Ningthoulai (King God) and Umanglai (Forest Dwelling God). Religion of antiquity – in its pure native form, it is as all as the history of Meitei people from the time immemorial.

===Deities===
There is reference to the worship of Sanamahi by Ningthou (King) Kangba in the Hayi age. Manipur is a polytheistic land with Atiya Sidaba as the supreme god. Atiya Sidaba, Apaanba and Asheeba are the three manifestations or incarnations of God as the creator, the preserver and the annihilator of this universe respectively.

Panthoibi is the Mother of the Universe and Nongpok Ningthou is her mate.<ref>P. 4290 ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature'' By various</ref> Besides those, three hundred and sixty-four deities with their consorts are the most important deities worshipped by the Meiteis.

The Plain Kabui are observed in worship of Sanamahi and Ima Leimarel.<ref>''People of India'' By Kumar Suresh Singh, S. B. Roy, Asok K. Ghosh</ref>

Sanamahi (also known as Asheeba) has a creator brother (like him) named Paakhangba (Konjin Tukthapa).<ref>P. 82 ''A History of Manipuri Literature'' By Ch Manihar Singh</ref>

Some of the important gods and goddesses worshiped by the Meiteis are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Shidaba Mapu (Immortal Owner)
* Lainingthou Sanamahi (Supreme God of the Household Gods and Goddesses)
* Ebudhou Paakhangba (Younger Brother of Lainingthou Sanamahi and the Ruler of the outside world)
* Ima Leimarel Sidabi
* Apokpa (Prime Ancestor God and Goddess, different according to different surnames)
* Ebendhou Emoinu (Goddess of prosperity, wealth and kitchen)
* Ema Panthoibi (goddess of valor and battle)
* Yumjao Lairembi (Household Goddess)
* Ema Phouoibi (Goddess of Bounty)
* Ebudhou Marjing (God of sports and also the protector of North-East Direction)
* Ebudhou Thangjing (God of power and also the protector of South-West Direction)
* Ebudhou Wangbrel (God of rain, death and also the protector of South-East Direction)(Kumar 2004, 92)
* Ebudhou Koubru (God of strength and also the protector of North-West Direction)

They also worshipped the Umanglais (forest dwelling gods and goddesses). Umanglais are the protectors, preservers of their corresponding areas/localities which includes houses, fields, welfare of the people, etc. In short, the Umanglais are the guardians of the outer world of the people and also these gods and goddesses are associated with each and every doings of the people in day-to-day life. Hence, They are considerrd to be very powerful.

Some of the Umanglais are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Arong Ningthou
* Ema Eereima Oinam Lekai
* Lainingthou Nongshaaba
* Lainingthou Puthiba
* Lainingthou Awaangba
* Lainingthou Marjing
* Lainingthou Khoiriphaaba
* Ema Khunthok-haanbi
* Ema Haoreima Sampubi
* Ema Eereima
* Ekop Ningthou
* Thoubal Ningthou
* Ema Kondong Lairembi
* Nongpok Ningthou
* Langol Ningthou
* Ema Langol Lairembi
* Ebudhou Naothingkhong Paakhangba
* Ebudhou Khamlaangba
* Ebudhou Oknarel
* Ebudhou Thangnarel
* Ebudhou Yangoiningthou

The title ''"Lainingthou"'' refers to the incarnation from Lainingthou Sanamahi and the title ''"Ebudhou"'' refers to the incarnation from Ebudhou Paakhangba.

===Offerings===
Meiteis offer praying to the household gods and goddesses twice a day, once at dawn and once at dusk. They offer incense sticks/burner and candles/''meiraa'' along with flowers and water.

Devout Meiteis offer food at sacred spots daily to the goddess of kitchen and prosperity, Ebendhou Emoinu.<ref>P. 62 ''Feminism in a traditional society'' by Manjusri Chaki-Sircar</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation | last = Kshetrimayum | first = Otojit | year = 2014 | title = Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contextualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-50-8 }}
* {{citation | last = Hodson | first = T.C. | year = 2015 | title = The Meitheis | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-56-0}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = The Meeteis of Manipur: A Study in Human Geography | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-21-8}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = Population Geography of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-25-6}}

{{Religion topics}}

[[Category:Indian religions]]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]

Archive:Sanamahism

2017-09-02T04:57:32Z

2405:204:B206:95F5:0:0:209F:C0AD: /* Deities */I add a missing dieties of umang lai (forest dwelling god )

{{multiple issues|
{{Expert needed|India|reason=This particularly needs attention from someone familiar with Indian religion and is able to improve it|date=July 2016}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2008}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=November 2008}}
{{MOS|date=August 2015}}
}}
{{Infobox religious group
| group = Sanamahism
| flag =
| flag_caption =
| image = Ema Khunthok-haanbi.jpg
| image_caption = '''Ema Khunthok-haanbi''', Guardian of Thangmeiband Area (Manipur, India)
| population = approx.235,000<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm 2001 Census]</ref>
| founder =

| regions = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| tablehdr =

| region1 =
| pop1 =
| ref1 =
| region2 =
| pop2 =
| ref2 =
| region3 =
| pop3 =
| ref3 =

| religions =
| scriptures = [[Meitei language|Puya / written in Meitei Mayek]] (Manipuri)
| languages =
| related-c =
| notes =
}}

'''Sanamahism''' or '''Sanamahi Laining''' refers to the traditional Meitei beliefs and religion found in the northeastern [[India]]n states near [[Myanmar]]. The term is derived from ''Sanamahi'', one of the important Meitei deities. According to Bertil Lintner, Sanamahism is an "[[animism|animistic]], ancestor worshipping, shaman-led tradition".<ref>{{cite book|author=Bertil Lintner|title=Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fLOBwAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-19567-5|page=113}}</ref>

Sanamahism is practiced by the [[Meitei people|Meitei]], [[Zeliangrong]] and other communities who inhabit Manipur, [[Assam]], [[Tripura]], [[Myanmar]] and [[Bangladesh]], with small migrant populations in the [[United Kingdom]], [[United States]], and [[Canada]].

==Revival==
According to 2011 census, about eight percent of Manipur belong to religions stated as 'other'.

Religion in Manipur is thought to have passed through three stages.<ref>P. 199 ''Social Movements in North-East India'' By Mahendra Narain Karna</ref>

==Form of worship==
In assimilate features such as the worship of forces of nature like fire, water, mountain, ancestor worship ([[Apokpa]]), Lamlai (Outdoor Dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Yumlai (House dwelling Gods and Goddesses), Ningthoulai (King God) and Umanglai (Forest Dwelling God). Religion of antiquity – in its pure native form, it is as all as the history of Meitei people from the time immemorial.

===Deities===
There is reference to the worship of Sanamahi by Ningthou (King) Kangba in the Hayi age. Manipur is a polytheistic land with Atiya Sidaba as the supreme god. Atiya Sidaba, Apaanba and Asheeba are the three manifestations or incarnations of God as the creator, the preserver and the annihilator of this universe respectively.

Panthoibi is the Mother of the Universe and Nongpok Ningthou is her mate.<ref>P. 4290 ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature'' By various</ref> Besides those, three hundred and sixty-four deities with their consorts are the most important deities worshipped by the Meiteis.

The Plain Kabui are observed in worship of Sanamahi and Ima Leimarel.<ref>''People of India'' By Kumar Suresh Singh, S. B. Roy, Asok K. Ghosh</ref>

Sanamahi (also known as Asheeba) has a creator brother (like him) named Paakhangba (Konjin Tukthapa).<ref>P. 82 ''A History of Manipuri Literature'' By Ch Manihar Singh</ref>

Some of the important gods and goddesses worshiped by the Meiteis are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Shidaba Mapu (Immortal Owner)
* Lainingthou Sanamahi (Supreme God of the Household Gods and Goddesses)
* Ebudhou Paakhangba (Younger Brother of Lainingthou Sanamahi and the Ruler of the outside world)
* Ima Leimarel Sidabi
* Apokpa (Prime Ancestor God and Goddess, different according to different surnames)
* Ebendhou Emoinu (Goddess of prosperity, wealth and kitchen)
* Ema Panthoibi (goddess of valor and battle)
* Yumjao Lairembi (Household Goddess)
* Ema Phouoibi (Goddess of Bounty)
* Ebudhou Marjing (God of sports and also the protector of North-East Direction)
* Ebudhou Thangjing (God of power and also the protector of South-West Direction)
* Ebudhou Wangbrel (God of rain, death and also the protector of South-East Direction)(Kumar 2004, 92)
* Ebudhou Koubru (God of strength and also the protector of North-West Direction)

They also worshipped the Umanglais (forest dwelling gods and goddesses). Umanglais are the protectors, preservers of their corresponding areas/localities which includes houses, fields, welfare of the people, etc. In short, the Umanglais are the guardians of the outer world of the people and also these gods and goddesses are associated with each and every doings of the people in day-to-day life. Hence, They are considerrd to be very powerful.

Some of the Umanglais are:{{cn|date=August 2016}}
* Arong Ningthou
* Ema Eereima Oinam Lekai
* Lainingthou Nongshaaba
* Lainingthou Puthiba
* Lainingthou Awaangba
* Lainingthou Marjing
* Lainingthou Khoiriphaaba
* Ema Khunthok-haanbi
* Ema Haoreima Sampubi
* Ema Eereima
* Ekop Ningthou
* Thoubal Ningthou
* Ema Kondong Lairembi
* Nongpok Ningthou
* Langol Ningthou
* Ema Langol Lairembi
* Ebudhou Naothingkhong Paakhangba
* Ebudhou Khamlaangba
* Ebudhou Oknarel
* Ebudhou Thangnarel
* Ebudhou Yangoiningthou

The title ''"Lainingthou"'' refers to the incarnation from Lainingthou Sanamahi and the title ''"Ebudhou"'' refers to the incarnation from Ebudhou Paakhangba.

===Offerings===
Meiteis offer praying to the household gods and goddesses twice a day, once at dawn and once at dusk. They offer incense sticks/burner and candles/''meiraa'' along with flowers and water.

Devout Meiteis offer food at sacred spots daily to the goddess of kitchen and prosperity, Ebendhou Emoinu.<ref>P. 62 ''Feminism in a traditional society'' by Manjusri Chaki-Sircar</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation | last = Kshetrimayum | first = Otojit | year = 2014 | title = Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contextualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-50-8 }}
* {{citation | last = Hodson | first = T.C. | year = 2015 | title = The Meitheis | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-56-0}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = The Meeteis of Manipur: A Study in Human Geography | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-21-8}}
* {{citation | last = Singh | first = Dr. Saikhom Gopal | year = 2015 | title = Population Geography of Manipur | publisher = Ruby Press & Co. | isbn = 978-93-82395-25-6}}

{{Religion topics}}

[[Category:Indian religions]]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]

Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University

2017-03-25T04:17:39Z

2405:204:A281:C256:74F9:E5ED:8047:7CA6:

{{refimprove|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox University
|name = Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University
|image =
|image_size =
|motto =
|established = 1992
|chancellor = Mr. Ram Nath Kovind
|vice_chancellor= Dr. Binod Kumar
|city = [[Madhepura]]
|state =[[Bihar]]
|country = [[India]]
|students=
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|campus = [[Rural areas|Rural]]
|affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]
|website= [http://www.bnmuinfo.org/ Official Website]
}}

'''Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University''' also called '''B. N. Mandal University''' is situated at the district headquarters, [[Madhepura]] adding glory to the educational atmosphere of this district. It is a regional university famous for its quality teaching across the state. It also acts as an affiliating institution and offers a plethora of undergraduate, graduate and PhD programs through its constituent as well as affiliated colleges and institutes located in [[Madhepura]] and nearby cities.

==Regular Courses==
* B.A.
* B.Sc.
* B.Com.
* M.A.
* M.Sc.
* M.Com.

==Vocational courses==
* B.C.A.
* B.B.A.
* Bio-Technology
* B.Ed.
* Bachelor of technology
* Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery

==Faculties ==

===Vice-Chancellor=== prof.

===Constituent Colleges===
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! Name !! Telephone !! Mobile !! District
|-
| Manohar Lal Tekriwal College || 06478-223436 || 9431413053 || Saharsa
|-
| Ramesh Jha Mahila College || 06478-223115 || 9431451571 || Saharsa
|-
| Maharaja Hariballabh Memorial College || 06475-224081 || 94314 55638 || Saharsa
|-
| Rajendra Mishra College || 06478-223495 || 9431864032 || Saharsa
|-
| Sarb Narain Singh Ram Kumar Singh College || 06478-223169 || 9430485444 || Saharsa
|-
| Ravinandan Mishra Memorial Law College || 06478-228698 || 9431268427 || Saharsa
|-
| Thakur Prasad College || 06476-222809 || 9471415152 || Madhepura
|-
| Parvati Science College || 06476-223732 || 9431413354 || Madhepura
|-
| Bhupendra Narayan Mandel V College || 06476-222089 || 9835403258 || Madhepura
|-
| Harihar Shah College || 06479-220008 || 9798206641 || Madhepura
|-
| Kamleshwari Prasad College || 06476-268228 || 9431832111 || Madhepura
|-
| Bharat Sewak Samaj College || 06473-223010 || 9431096156 || Supaul
|-
| Lalit Narayan Mishra Smarak College || 06471-222033 || 9431285400 || Supaul
|-
| Hari Prasad Shah College || 06477-285760 || 9931663744 || Supaul
|-
| Araria College || 06453-222746 || 9470203820 || Araria
|-
| Forbesganj College || 06455-205894 || 9472060700 || Araria
|-
| Purnea College || 06454-242667 || 9334825764 || Purnea
|-
| Purnea Mahila College || 06454-242595 || 9334780262 || Purnea
|-
| Gaurilal Mehta College || 06467-226230 || 9006724085 || Purnea
|-
| Munsi Lal Arya College || 06454-258354 || 9934741516 || Purnea
|-
| Ram Lal College || || 9771953614 || Saharsa
|-
| Darshan Shah College || 06452-247062 || 9472408523 || Katihar
|-
| Mohanlal Jiloka Memorial Mahila College || 06452-242352 || || Katihar
|-
| Krishna Vallabh Jha College || 06452-247664 || 9430956007 || Katihar
|-
| Ramdev Sharda College || 06451-248332 || 9430277012 || Katihar
|-
| Marvadi College || 06456-222587 || 9431867283 || Kishanganj
|-
| Nehru College || 06456-243348 || 9431232044 || Kishanganj
|}

===Affiliated Colleges===

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! Name !! Telephone !! Mobile !! District
|-
| Chotkan Mandal Science College || || 9431247728 || Madhepura
|-
| Madhepura College Madhepura || 06476-290537 || 9431084535 || Madhepura
|-
| Adarsh College || 06476-280022 || 9472533753 || Madhepura
|-
| S P M College || 06476-222595 || 9306400400 || Madhepura
|-
| R P M College || 06476-222099 || 9430633286 || Madhepura
|-
| K B Women's College || || 9430550840 || Madhepura
|-
| ST. A K N Degree College || || 9431440847 || Madhepura
|-
| Surya N SinghYadav College || 06454-240340 || 9934276338 || Purnea
|-
| U V K College || || 9931896262 || Madhepura
|-
| Banwari Shankar College || 06478-290312 || 9431627181 || Saharsa
|-
| Evening College || || 9472034443 || Saharsa
|-
| Lakshminath College || || 9430543574 || Saharsa
|-
| Degree College || 06473-2232299 || 9955512729 || Supaul
|-
| Degree College || 06473-2232299 || 9955512729 || Supaul
|-
| S N S Mahila College || || 9431888601 || Supaul
|-
| S N S Mahila College || || 9431888601 || Supaul
|-
| Anuplal Yadav College || 06477-220940 || 9334917327 || Supaul
|-
| R K K College || || 9431869691 || Purnea
|-
| K N Degree College || || 9934708543 || Supaul
|-
| Brij Mohan Thakur Law College || 06454-244487 || 9199470443 || Purnea
|-
| National Degree College || || 9431869547 || Purnea
|-
| Veer Narayan Chand College || 06454-227095 || 9430812736 || Purnea
|-
| Aanandi Janki Mahila College || || 9470872342 || Purnea
|-
| Parmanand Savatri Degree College || || 9128550908 || Purnea
|-
| Maharani Lalita dev Prabhu Kamal Yadav College || || 9771238892 || Araria
|-
| People College || || 9162064175 || Araria
|-
| Chandra Kishore Mishra Law College || || 9931277658 || Araria
|-
| Alsamsh Milia Degree College || || 9334218002 || Araria
|-
| Kalawati Degree College || 06461-238304 || 9430687939 || Araria
|-
| Yadunandan Pawitri Degree College || 06461-238319 || 940004789 || Araria
|-
| Jeera Devi Shital Shah Mahila College || || 9955018711 || Araria
|-
| Sita Ram Chamariya Degree College || 06452-240210 || 9430910079 || Katihar
|-
| Surya Dev Law College || 06452-242752 || 9470424122 || Katihar
|-
| Balarampur College || || 9472439213 || Katihar
|-
| Bhagawati Mandir || || 9939951162 || Katihar
|-
| Rameshwar Yadav Manihari College || 06452-254888 || 9955779895 || Katihar
|-
| Baula Doja College || || 9431641195 || Katihar
|-masroor jamei college ||8406834777||katihar

| Ratan Kali Shah Mahila College || 06456-222952 || 9431267407 || Kishanganj
|-
| Md. Hussain Aazad National Degree College || || 8757161049 || Kishanganj
|-
| Milliar Faqurudin Ali Ahmad T P College || || 9304253003 || Purnea
|-
| Milliar Institute of Technology || 06454-240433 || 9934468806 || Purnea
|-
| Vidya Vihar Institute of Technology || || 9204068928 || Purnea
|-
| Katihar Medical College || 06452-222714 || || Katihar
|-
| Katihar Teachers Training College || || 9973887549 || Katihar
|-
| Mata Guruji Memorial Medical College || 06456-222719 || 9430911111 || Kishanganj
|-
| Kishanganj College of Engg & Tech || 06456-222172 || 9431096851 || Kishanganj
|-
| M.P College of Education || 06476-204367 || 9431080349 || Madhepura
|-
| Lord Buddha Medical College || 06478-205047 || 9431243204 || Saharsa
|}
|-masroor jamei college ||8406834777 katihar

===University Officers===

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! Designation !! Name of Officers !! Office No.
|-
| Vice-Chancellor || Dr. Binod Kumar || 222059
|-
| Pro-Vice-Chancellor || Dr. J.P.N. Jha || 9334357134
|-
| Financial Advisor || Sri C. R. Deegwal || 223684
|-
| Registrar || Dr. K. P. Singh || 222779
|-
| Dean, Students’ Welfare || Dr. J. N. Roy || 9431658030
|-
| Proctor & Cultural Officer || Dr. B. N. Bibeka || 9431685806
|-
| C.C.D.C. || Dr. J. N. Roy || 9431658030
|-
| Inspector of Colleges (Art+Com.) || Dr. Shailendra Kumar || 9470620104
|-
| Inspector of Colleges (Science) || Dr. Arun Kumar Mishra || 9431668735
|-
| Finance Officer || Sri Harikesh Nr. Singh || 9430890921
|-
| Development Officer || Dr. Shailendra Kumar || 9470620104
|-
| Controller of Examinations || Dr. Nabin Kumar || 9631496074
|-
| Nodal Officer || Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh || 9431288585
|-
| Estate Officer || Sri Shailendra Kumar || 9470620104
|-
| Coordinator Sports || Sri Shailendra Kumar || 9470620104
|-
| Budget & Account Officer || Dr. Arun Kumar Mishra || 9431668735
|-
| Deputy Registrar (Est.) || ||
|-
| Deputy Registrar (Reg.) || Dr. Shashi Bhushan || 9430853166
|-
| Deputy Registrar (Academic) || Dr. Narendra Srivastava || 9430999931
|-
| Deputy Registrar (Legal) || Dr. Mohit Ghosh || 9934982623
|-
| Deputy Registrar (Exams) || Dr. Binod Kumar Singh || | 222727
|-
| Deputy Registrar (Exams) || Dr. Manoj Kr. Manoranjan || 9431889129
|-
| Co-ordinator, N.S.S. || Dr. Abdul Latif || 9431867115
|-
| P.A. to V.C. || Sri Shambhu Narayan Yadav || 9430648133
|-
| University Engineer (J.E.) || Sri Kamal Kishor Yadav || 9471657476
|-
| University Doctor || Dr. Ratneshwar Choudhary || 8051783438
|}

==External links==
* [http://bnmuinfo.org/ B.N.Mandal University, Madhepura,Bihar]

{{Portal bar|India|Bihar|Education|University}}
{{Educational institutions in India}}
{{Universities in Bihar}}

[[Category:Universities in Bihar]]
[[Category:Madhepura district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1992]]

Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University

2016-09-15T03:28:00Z

2405:204:C281:7388:9982:99DB:22CB:20B6: /* Vice-Chancellor */

{{refimprove|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox University
|name = Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University
|image =
|image_size =
|motto =
|established = 1992
|chancellor = Mr. Ram Nath Kovind
|vice_chancellor= Dr. Binod Kumar
|city = [[Madhepura]]
|state =[[Bihar]]
|country = [[India]]
|students=
|type = [[Public university|Public]]
|campus = [[Rural areas|Rural]]
|affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]
|website= [http://www.bnmuinfo.org/ Official Website]
}}

'''Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University''' also called '''B. N. Mandal University''' is situated at the district headquarters, [[Madhepura]] adding glory to the educational atmosphere of this district. It is a regional university famous for its quality teaching across the state. It also acts as an affiliating institution and offers a plethora of undergraduate, graduate and PhD programs through its constituent as well as affiliated colleges and institutes located in [[Madhepura]] and nearby cities.

==Regular Courses==
* B.A.
* Bc.
* B.Com.
* M.A.
* M.Sc.
* M.Com.

==Vocational courses==
* B.C.A.
* B.B.A.
* Bio-Tech
* B.Ed.
* Bachelor of engineering
* Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
{{coord missing|Bihar}}

==Faculties ==

===Vice-Chancellor===
Dr. Vinod Kumar

===Constituent Colleges===
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! Name !! Telephone !! Mobile !! District
|-
| Manohar Lal Tekriwal College || 06478-223436 || 9431413053 || Saharsa
|-
| Ramesh Jha Mahila College || 06478-223115 || 9431451571 || Saharsa
|-
| Maharaja Hariballabh Memorial College || 06475-224081 || 94314 55638 || Saharsa
|-
| Rajendra Mishra College || 06478-223495 || 9431864032 || Saharsa
|-
| Sarb Narain Singh Ram Kumar Singh College || 06478-223169 || 9430485444 || Saharsa
|-
| Ravinandan Mishra Memorial Law College || 06478-228698 || 9431268427 || Saharsa
|-
| Thakur Prasad College || 06476-222809 || 9471415152 || Madhepura
|-
| Parvati Science College || 06476-223732 || 9431413354 || Madhepura
|-
| Bhupendra Narayan Mandel V College || 06476-222089 || 9835403258 || Madhepura
|-
| Harihar Shah College || 06479-220008 || 9798206641 || Madhepura
|-
| Kamleshwari Prasad College || 06476-268228 || 9431832111 || Madhepura
|-
| Bharat Sewak Samaj College || 06473-223010 || 9431096156 || Supaul
|-
| Lalit Narayan Mishra Smarak College || 06471-222033 || 9431285400 || Supaul
|-
| Hari Prasad Shah College || 06477-285760 || 9931663744 || Supaul
|-
| Araria College || 06453-222746 || 9470203820 || Araria
|-
| Forbesganj College || 06455-205894 || 9472060700 || Araria
|-
| Purnea College || 06454-242667 || 9334825764 || Purnea
|-
| Purnea Mahila College || 06454-242595 || 9334780262 || Purnea
|-
| Gaurilal Mehta College || 06467-226230 || 9006724085 || Purnea
|-
| Munsi Lal Arya College || 06454-258354 || 9934741516 || Purnea
|-
| Ram Lal College || || 9771953614 || Saharsa
|-
| Darshan Shah College || 06452-247062 || 9472408523 || Katihar
|-
| Mohanlal Jiloka Memorial Mahila College || 06452-242352 || || Katihar
|-
| Krishna Vallabh Jha College || 06452-247664 || 9430956007 || Katihar
|-
| Ramdev Sharda College || 06451-248332 || 9430277012 || Katihar
|-
| Marvadi College || 06456-222587 || 9431867283 || Kishanganj
|-
| Nehru College || 06456-243348 || 9431232044 || Kishanganj
|}

===Affiliated Colleges===

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! Name !! Telephone !! Mobile !! District
|-
| Chotkan Mandal Science College || || 9431247728 || Madhepura
|-
| Madhepura College || 06476-290537 || 9431084535 || Madhepura
|-
| Adarsh College || 06476-280022 || 9472533753 || Madhepura
|-
| S P M College || 06476-222595 || 9306400400 || Madhepura
|-
| R P M College || 06476-222099 || 9430633286 || Madhepura
|-
| K B Womens College || || 9430550840 || Madhepura
|-
| ST. A K N Degree College || || 9431440847 || Madhepura
|-
| Surya N SinghYadav College || 06454-240340 || 9934276338 || Purnea
|-
| U V K College || || 9931896262 || Madhepura
|-
| Banwari Shankar College || 06478-290312 || 9431627181 || Saharsa
|-
| Evening College || || 9472034443 || Saharsa
|-
| Lakshminath College || || 9430543574 || Saharsa
|-
| Degree College || 06473-2232299 || 9955512729 || Supaul
|-
| Degree College || 06473-2232299 || 9955512729 || Supaul
|-
| S N S Mahila College || || 9431888601 || Supaul
|-
| S N S Mahila College || || 9431888601 || Supaul
|-
| Anuplal Yadav College || 06477-220940 || 9334917327 || Supaul
|-
| R K K College || || 9431869691 || Purnea
|-
| K N Degree College || || 9934708543 || Supaul
|-
| Brij Mohan Thakur Law College || 06454-244487 || 9199470443 || Purnea
|-
| National Degree College || || 9431869547 || Purnea
|-
| Veer Narayan Chand College || 06454-227095 || 9430812736 || Purnea
|-
| Aanandi Janki Mahila College || || 9470872342 || Purnea
|-
| Parmanand Savatri Degree College || || 9128550908 || Purnea
|-
| Maharani Lalita dev Prabhu Kamal Yadav College || || 9771238892 || Araria
|-
| People College || || 9162064175 || Araria
|-
| Chandra Kishore Mishra Law College || || 9931277658 || Araria
|-
| Alsamsh Milia Degree College || || 9334218002 || Araria
|-
| Kalawati Degree College || 06461-238304 || 9430687939 || Araria
|-
| Yadunandan Pawitri Degree College || 06461-238319 || 940004789 || Araria
|-
| Jeera Devi Shital Shah Mahila College || || 9955018711 || Araria
|-
| Sita Ram Chamariya Degree College || 06452-240210 || 9430910079 || Katihar
|-
| Surya Dev Law College || 06452-242752 || 9470424122 || Katihar
|-
| Balarampur College || || 9472439213 || Katihar
|-
| Bhagawati Mandir || || 9939951162 || Katihar
|-
| Rameshwar Yadav Manihari College || 06452-254888 || 9955779895 || Katihar
|-
| Baula Doja College || || 9431641195 || Katihar
|-
| Ratan Kali Shah Mahila College || 06456-222952 || 9431267407 || Kishanganj
|-
| Md. Hussain Aazad National Degree College || || 8757161049 || Kishanganj
|-
| Milliar Faqurudin Ali Ahmad T P College || || 9304253003 || Purnea
|-
| Milliar Institute of Technology || 06454-240433 || 9934468806 || Purnea
|-
| Vidya Vihar Institute of Technology || || 9204068928 || Purnea
|-
| Katihar Medical College || 06452-222714 || || Katihar
|-
| Katihar Teachers Training College || || 9973887549 || Katihar
|-
| Mata Guruji Memorial Medical College || 06456-222719 || 9430911111 || Kishanganj
|-
| Kishanganj College of Engg & Tech || 06456-222172 || 9431096851 || Kishanganj
|-
| M.P College of Education || 06476-204367 || 9431080349 || Madhepura
|-
| Lord Buddha Medical College || 06478-205047 || 9431243204 || Saharsa
|}

===University Officers===

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! Designation !! Name of Officers !! Office No.
|-
| Vice-Chancellor || Dr. Binod Kumar || 222059
|-
| Pro-Vice-Chancellor || Dr. J.P.N. Jha || 9334357134
|-
| Financial Advisor || Sri C. R. Deegwal || 223684
|-
| Registrar || Dr. K. P. Singh || 222779
|-
| Dean, Students’ Welfare || Dr. J. N. Roy || 9431658030
|-
| Proctor & Cultural Officer || Dr. B. N. Bibeka || 9431685806
|-
| C.C.D.C. || Dr. J. N. Roy || 9431658030
|-
| Inspector of Colleges (Art+Com.) || Dr. Shailendra Kumar || 9470620104
|-
| Inspector of Colleges (Science) || Dr. Arun Kumar Mishra || 9431668735
|-
| Finance Officer || Sri Harikesh Nr. Singh || 9430890921
|-
| Development Officer || Dr. Shailendra Kumar || 9470620104
|-
| Controller of Examinations || Dr. Nabin Kumar || 9631496074
|-
| Nodal Officer || Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh || 9431288585
|-
| Estate Officer || Sri Shailendra Kumar || 9470620104
|-
| Coordinator Sports || Sri Shailendra Kumar || 9470620104
|-
| Budget & Account Officer || Dr. Arun Kumar Mishra || 9431668735
|-
| Deputy Registrar (Est.) || ||
|-
| Deputy Registrar (Reg.) || Dr. Shashi Bhushan || 9430853166
|-
| Deputy Registrar (Academic) || Dr. Narendra Srivastava || 9430999931
|-
| Deputy Registrar (Legal) || Dr. Mohit Ghosh || 9934982623
|-
| Deputy Registrar (Exams) || Dr. Binod Kumar Singh || | 222727
|-
| Deputy Registrar (Exams) || Dr. Manoj Kr. Manoranjan || 9431889129
|-
| Co-ordinator, N.S.S. || Dr. Abdul Latif || 9431867115
|-
| P.A. to V.C. || Sri Shambhu Narayan Yadav || 9430648133
|-
| University Engineer (J.E.) || Sri Kamal Kishor Yadav || 9471657476
|-
| University Doctor || Dr. Ratneshwar Choudhary || 8051783438
|}

==External links==
* [http://bnmuinfo.org/ B.N.Mandal University, Madhepura,Bihar]

{{Portal bar|India|Bihar|Education|University}}
{{Educational institutions in India}}
{{Universities in Bihar}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Bihar]]
[[Category:Madhepura district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1992]]