Archive:As (tribe)

2023-05-31T22:58:46Z

2600:1700:B2D0:CAD0:59AE:287C:81DE:A1A7:

The '''As''' or '''[[Az people|Az]]''' were a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] people<ref name="Hajiyeva"/> from the Eastern and Southern [[Altai Mountains|Altai]] and are associated with the Türkic period<ref>Nikita Konstantinov, Vasilii Soenov, Synaru Trifanova, Svetlana Svyatko, [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352226718300047 "History and culture of the early Türkic period: A review of archaeological monuments in the Russian Altai from the 4th–6th century AD", Archaeological Research in Asia, Volume 16, 2018], Pages 103-115, {{ISSN|2352-2267}}, {{doi|10.1016/j.ara.2018.06.002}}. ([https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/203636680/MED_S_17_00004.pdf PDF])</ref><ref>Ciro Lo Muzio, [https://www.academia.edu/1199116/Archaeological_Traces_of_Early_Turks_in_Transoxiana_An_Overview "Archaeological Traces of Early Turks in Transoxiana: An Overview", 2010], in: Coins, Art and Chronology II. The First Millennium CE in the Indo-Iranian Borderlands, edited by M. Alram, D. Klimburg-Salter, M. Inaba, M. Pfisterer, Vienna, pp. 429-442. {{doi|10.1553/0x00250de0}} {{ISBN|978-3-7001-6885-0}}</ref> [[Kudyrge culture]]<ref name="Kubarev">Gleb V. Kubarev, [https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/238 "A Runic Inscription at Kalbak-Tash II, Central Altai, with Reference to the Location of the Az Tribe*", Novosibirsk State University. In: ''Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia'' 44(4):92-101]. 2016. {{ISSN|1563-0110}} {{doi|10.17746/1563-0110.2016.44.4.092-101}} ([https://journal.archaeology.nsc.ru/jour/article/view/238/293 PDF])</ref> in the [[Altai Mountains|Altai]]. According to L.P. Potapov, the names of the [[Telengit]] [[seok (clan)|seok]]s (Tёrtas – “four As”, Djeti-as – “seven As”, Baylangas – “numerous As”) suggest that the As tribe was a part of the Turkic [[Tiele people|Tiele]], and is certainly connected with the modern-day [[Altai people|Altai]] population. The As left the runic Kalbak-Tash II inscription which was written in Turkic language.<ref name="Kubarev"/>

Their existence is confirmed by the [[Tannu-Ola mountains]] inscriptions of Mugur-Sargol and Bayan-Kol and certain verses of the [[Göktürks]], while describing the battles between the Göktürks and the [[Kyrgyz (people)|Kyrgyz]]. According to the Bayan-Kol inscriptions, the As were divided to many clans living in the region of Mugur west of the Tannu-Ola mountains. There are also writings from the 8th century (around 714 AD) in [[Uyghur Khaganate|Uyghur]] sources about the uprising of the As against the Göktürks.

== Name ==
Research has also been done by Russian linguist experts who trace them as close ethnically to [[Ket people]] of [[Yenisei River|Yenisei]] basin in [[Siberia]] due to similarities in name between [[Old Turkic]] 𐰔𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣 ''As budun'' and the ''[[Asan|Assans]]'', an extinct [[Yeniseian languages|Yeniseic]] [[Kott language|Kott]] dialect, but without solid proof.<ref>BARTHOLD Wilhelm, ''12 Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Türken Mittelasiens'', Berlin, Arthur Collignon, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Islamkunde, 1935, p37</ref> The primary information on their language was collected by [[Matthias Castrén]] in 1845, with further research and information added later by the anthropologist [[Dmitry Anuchin]].

Meanwhile, within [[Vasily Abaev]]'s [[Alans]] framework, the As were also hypothesized by pro-Iranist scholars to be Turkicized descendants of alleged Iranian-speakers, particularly [[Asii|Asiani]]-[[Wusun]],<ref>Golden, P.B. (1992) "An Introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples" ''Turcologica'' 9. p. 53</ref><ref>Kubrev, G.V. "A Runic Inscription at Kalbak-Tash II, Central Altai, with Reference to the Location of the Az Tribe" in ''[[Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia]]'' 44/4 (2016). p. 97-98 of 92–101 </ref> of which the Wusun evidently had a Turkic-Altaic language.<ref>Penglin Wang, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41928019 Central Asiatic Journal Vol. 39, No. 2 (Harrassowitz 1995)], p.176</ref> In order to connect the As with non-Turkic tribes, supporters of the Iranian theory claim that the As only used Turkic language for writing, not for speaking.<ref name="Kubarev"/>

The name ''As'' has been suggested to live on in the names of several other peoples of southern Siberia: the [[Kamasins|Kamas]] ("Mountain As"), the [[Tofalar|Karagas]] ("Black As" or "Plains As"), and the [[Khakas people|Khakas]] ("White As").<ref>{{cite book|first=Aulis J.|last=Joki|title=Die Lehnwörter des Sajansamojedischen|year=1952|location=Helsinki|pages=34–35}}</ref><ref>Simoncsics, Péter. 1998. "Kamassian". ''The Uralic Languages'', ed. Daniel Abondolo, pp. 580–601.</ref> Similar names of genealogical nature are ascertainable among modern and historical Turkic tribes: Old [[Bulgars]], [[Nogais]], [[Altaians]], [[Turkmens]], [[Uzbeks]], [[Kazan Tatars]] and [[Kazakhs]].<ref>Ismail Miziulu, Adilhan Appa, [http://bilig.yesevi.edu.tr/yonetim/icerik/makaleler/3513-published.pdf "Tarih Halkin Zenginliğidir", bilig-7/Güz 1998], p.27</ref>

A wide [[Toponymy|toponymic]] distribution of the name ''As'', ''Az'' and ''Ash'' is found in [[Turkey]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Central Asia]] and [[Altai Mountains|Altai]] region.<ref name="Hajiyeva">Hajiyeva Galiba, [http://dspace.epoka.edu.al/bitstream/handle/1/324/573-1685-1-PB.pdf "Toponimys with ancient Turk origins in the Balkans", Nakhchivan State University, IBAC 2012 vol.2], pp.270-272</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Turkic peoples}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Siberia]]
[[Category:Extinct Turkic peoples]]

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Archive:As (tribe)