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Archive:Spanish/Adjectives

2009-01-07T20:02:52Z

58.158.139.197: /* Relationships */

==Chapter 3 (Adjectives)==
===Adjectives===
*'''artístico(a)''' - artistic
*'''atrevido(a)''' - daring
*'''bueno(a)''' - good
*'''deportista''' - sports-minded
*'''desordenado(a)''' - messy
*'''estudioso(a)''' - studious
*'''gracioso(a)''' - funny
*'''impaciente''' - impatient
*'''inteligente''' - inteligent
*'''ordenado(a)''' - neat
*'''paciente''' - patient
*'''perezoso(a)''' - lazy
*'''reservado(a)''' - reserved, shy
*'''serio(a)''' - serious
*'''simpático(a)''' - nice
*'''sociable''' - sociable
*'''talentoso(a)''' - talented
*'''trabajador(ora)''' - hardworking

===Personal questions & statements===
*'''¿Cómo eres?''' - What are you like?
*'''¿Cómo es (el/ella)?''' - What is he/she like?
*'''¿Cómo se llama?''' - What's his/her name?
*'''¿Eres...?''' - Are you...?
*'''le gusta...''' - he/she likes
*'''no le gusta...''' - he/she doen't like
*'''soy''' - I am
*'''no soy''' - I am not
*'''es''' - he/she is

===Relationships===
*'''amigo''' - male friend
*'''amiga''' - female friend
*'''niño''' - boy (Children)
*'''chico''' - boy
*'''niña''' - girl (Children)
*'''chica''' - girl
*'''familia''' - family
*'''yo''' - I
*'''él''' - he
*'''ella''' - she

===Other words===
*'''a veces''' - sometimes
*'''muy''' - very
*'''pero''' - but
*'''según''' - according to
*'''según mi familia''' - according to my family

===Grammar: Adjectives===
In Spanish, most nouns are classified by gender. Masculine nouns usually end in -o and feminine nouns usually end in -a. Masculine nouns are used to describe males and masculine nouns, while feminine nouns are used to describe females or feminine nouns.

'''Masculine'''
*ordenad'''o'''
*trabaja'''dor'''
*pacient'''e'''
*deportist'''a'''

'''Feminine'''
*ordenad'''a'''
*trabaja'''dora'''
*pacient'''e'''
*deportist'''a'''

===Definite and Indefinite Articles===
Definite articles describe a specific thing, while indefinite articles are used to refer to other things.

*'''el''' - the (masculine)
*'''la''' - the (feminine)
*'''un''' - a, an (masculine)
*'''una''' - a, an (feminine)

===Vocabulario adicional===
*'''coleccionar sellos''' - to collect stamps
*'''coleccionar monedas''' - to collect coins
*'''jugar al ajedrez''' - to play chess
*'''patinar sobre hielo''' - to ice-skate
*'''practicar artes marciales''' - to practice martial arts
*'''bombardino''' - baritone
*'''trompa de llaves''' - French horn
*'''misterioso(a)''' - mysterious

===Cultural Insight (Friendships)===
In Spanish-speaking countries, most families are close-knit and friends tend to be more of acquintainces than friends than those in English-speaking societies.

===Country focus (Cuba)===
[[Image:Flag of Cuba.svg|150px|right]]
'''Cuba''' (Spanish: Cuba) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles), Isla de la Juventud and several adjacent small islands. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean at the confluence of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Cuba is south of the eastern United States and The Bahamas, west of the Turks and Caicos Islands and Haiti and east of Mexico. The Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south. The national flower is Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig, most often known as "flor de mariposa" (Butterfly Flower) and the national bird is "Tocororo" or Cuban Trogon from the family of Trogonidae.

[[Image:LocationCuba.svg|150px|left]]
Cuba is the most populous insular nation in the Caribbean. Its people, culture and customs draw from several sources including the aboriginal Taíno and Ciboney peoples, the period of Spanish colonialism, the introduction of African slaves, and its proximity to the United States. The name "Cuba" comes from the Taíno language the exact meaning of which is unclear, but may be translated either "where fertile land is abundant" or "great place" . The island has a tropical climate that is moderated by the surrounding waters; however, the warm temperatures of the Caribbean Sea and the fact that the island of Cuba sits across the access to the Gulf of Mexico combine to make Cuba prone to frequent hurricanes. Cuba's main island, at 766 miles (1,233 km) long, is the world's 17th largest. Cuban culture is much influenced by the fact that it is a melting pot of cultures, primarily those of Spain and Africa. Cuba is most notably known for is music, which is very rich and is the most commonly known expression of culture, as well as sports, notably baseball.

[[Image:Castillo del morro.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro (Morro Castle (fortress), built in 1589 to guard the eastern entrance to Havana bay).]]

'''Factbox''':

-Official Language: Spanish

-Other Languages: African languages, Portuguese, French, Cantonese

-Capital: Havana (La Habana)

[[Image:LaHabana.jpg|150px|thumb|Havana at sunset.]]

-Government: Communism

-Area: 110,861 sq km (42,803 sq mi) (105th)

-Population: 11,268,000 (July 2008) (70th)

-Religion: Christianity 85%, Atheism 14.44%, Buddhism 0.25%, Hinduism 0.21%, other (Judaism, Animism, Islam, etc.) 0.1%

[[Image:Tropical beach sunset.jpg|150px|thumb|Cuba is home to many of the world's most beautiful beaches, such as Santa Lucía, shown here.]]

-Human Development: 0.838 (HIGH, 51st)

-Independence: January 1, 1956

-Currency: Cuban Peso, Cuban Convertible Peso

{{sp1}}

Archive:Spanish/Adjectives

2009-01-07T20:01:49Z

58.158.139.197: /* Relationships */

==Chapter 3 (Adjectives)==
===Adjectives===
*'''artístico(a)''' - artistic
*'''atrevido(a)''' - daring
*'''bueno(a)''' - good
*'''deportista''' - sports-minded
*'''desordenado(a)''' - messy
*'''estudioso(a)''' - studious
*'''gracioso(a)''' - funny
*'''impaciente''' - impatient
*'''inteligente''' - inteligent
*'''ordenado(a)''' - neat
*'''paciente''' - patient
*'''perezoso(a)''' - lazy
*'''reservado(a)''' - reserved, shy
*'''serio(a)''' - serious
*'''simpático(a)''' - nice
*'''sociable''' - sociable
*'''talentoso(a)''' - talented
*'''trabajador(ora)''' - hardworking

===Personal questions & statements===
*'''¿Cómo eres?''' - What are you like?
*'''¿Cómo es (el/ella)?''' - What is he/she like?
*'''¿Cómo se llama?''' - What's his/her name?
*'''¿Eres...?''' - Are you...?
*'''le gusta...''' - he/she likes
*'''no le gusta...''' - he/she doen't like
*'''soy''' - I am
*'''no soy''' - I am not
*'''es''' - he/she is

===Relationships===
*'''amigo''' - male friend
*'''amiga''' - female friend
*'''niño''' - boy
*'''niña''' - girl
*'''familia''' - family
*'''yo''' - I
*'''él''' - he
*'''ella''' - she

===Other words===
*'''a veces''' - sometimes
*'''muy''' - very
*'''pero''' - but
*'''según''' - according to
*'''según mi familia''' - according to my family

===Grammar: Adjectives===
In Spanish, most nouns are classified by gender. Masculine nouns usually end in -o and feminine nouns usually end in -a. Masculine nouns are used to describe males and masculine nouns, while feminine nouns are used to describe females or feminine nouns.

'''Masculine'''
*ordenad'''o'''
*trabaja'''dor'''
*pacient'''e'''
*deportist'''a'''

'''Feminine'''
*ordenad'''a'''
*trabaja'''dora'''
*pacient'''e'''
*deportist'''a'''

===Definite and Indefinite Articles===
Definite articles describe a specific thing, while indefinite articles are used to refer to other things.

*'''el''' - the (masculine)
*'''la''' - the (feminine)
*'''un''' - a, an (masculine)
*'''una''' - a, an (feminine)

===Vocabulario adicional===
*'''coleccionar sellos''' - to collect stamps
*'''coleccionar monedas''' - to collect coins
*'''jugar al ajedrez''' - to play chess
*'''patinar sobre hielo''' - to ice-skate
*'''practicar artes marciales''' - to practice martial arts
*'''bombardino''' - baritone
*'''trompa de llaves''' - French horn
*'''misterioso(a)''' - mysterious

===Cultural Insight (Friendships)===
In Spanish-speaking countries, most families are close-knit and friends tend to be more of acquintainces than friends than those in English-speaking societies.

===Country focus (Cuba)===
[[Image:Flag of Cuba.svg|150px|right]]
'''Cuba''' (Spanish: Cuba) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles), Isla de la Juventud and several adjacent small islands. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean at the confluence of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Cuba is south of the eastern United States and The Bahamas, west of the Turks and Caicos Islands and Haiti and east of Mexico. The Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south. The national flower is Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig, most often known as "flor de mariposa" (Butterfly Flower) and the national bird is "Tocororo" or Cuban Trogon from the family of Trogonidae.

[[Image:LocationCuba.svg|150px|left]]
Cuba is the most populous insular nation in the Caribbean. Its people, culture and customs draw from several sources including the aboriginal Taíno and Ciboney peoples, the period of Spanish colonialism, the introduction of African slaves, and its proximity to the United States. The name "Cuba" comes from the Taíno language the exact meaning of which is unclear, but may be translated either "where fertile land is abundant" or "great place" . The island has a tropical climate that is moderated by the surrounding waters; however, the warm temperatures of the Caribbean Sea and the fact that the island of Cuba sits across the access to the Gulf of Mexico combine to make Cuba prone to frequent hurricanes. Cuba's main island, at 766 miles (1,233 km) long, is the world's 17th largest. Cuban culture is much influenced by the fact that it is a melting pot of cultures, primarily those of Spain and Africa. Cuba is most notably known for is music, which is very rich and is the most commonly known expression of culture, as well as sports, notably baseball.

[[Image:Castillo del morro.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro (Morro Castle (fortress), built in 1589 to guard the eastern entrance to Havana bay).]]

'''Factbox''':

-Official Language: Spanish

-Other Languages: African languages, Portuguese, French, Cantonese

-Capital: Havana (La Habana)

[[Image:LaHabana.jpg|150px|thumb|Havana at sunset.]]

-Government: Communism

-Area: 110,861 sq km (42,803 sq mi) (105th)

-Population: 11,268,000 (July 2008) (70th)

-Religion: Christianity 85%, Atheism 14.44%, Buddhism 0.25%, Hinduism 0.21%, other (Judaism, Animism, Islam, etc.) 0.1%

[[Image:Tropical beach sunset.jpg|150px|thumb|Cuba is home to many of the world's most beautiful beaches, such as Santa Lucía, shown here.]]

-Human Development: 0.838 (HIGH, 51st)

-Independence: January 1, 1956

-Currency: Cuban Peso, Cuban Convertible Peso

{{sp1}}

Archive:Spanish/Adjectives

2009-01-07T20:00:46Z

58.158.139.197: /* Personal questions & statements */

==Chapter 3 (Adjectives)==
===Adjectives===
*'''artístico(a)''' - artistic
*'''atrevido(a)''' - daring
*'''bueno(a)''' - good
*'''deportista''' - sports-minded
*'''desordenado(a)''' - messy
*'''estudioso(a)''' - studious
*'''gracioso(a)''' - funny
*'''impaciente''' - impatient
*'''inteligente''' - inteligent
*'''ordenado(a)''' - neat
*'''paciente''' - patient
*'''perezoso(a)''' - lazy
*'''reservado(a)''' - reserved, shy
*'''serio(a)''' - serious
*'''simpático(a)''' - nice
*'''sociable''' - sociable
*'''talentoso(a)''' - talented
*'''trabajador(ora)''' - hardworking

===Personal questions & statements===
*'''¿Cómo eres?''' - What are you like?
*'''¿Cómo es (el/ella)?''' - What is he/she like?
*'''¿Cómo se llama?''' - What's his/her name?
*'''¿Eres...?''' - Are you...?
*'''le gusta...''' - he/she likes
*'''no le gusta...''' - he/she doen't like
*'''soy''' - I am
*'''no soy''' - I am not
*'''es''' - he/she is

===Relationships===
*'''amigo''' - male friend
*'''amiga''' - female friend
*'''chico''' - boy
*'''chica''' - girl
*'''familia''' - family
*'''yo''' - I
*'''él''' - he
*'''ella''' - she

===Other words===
*'''a veces''' - sometimes
*'''muy''' - very
*'''pero''' - but
*'''según''' - according to
*'''según mi familia''' - according to my family

===Grammar: Adjectives===
In Spanish, most nouns are classified by gender. Masculine nouns usually end in -o and feminine nouns usually end in -a. Masculine nouns are used to describe males and masculine nouns, while feminine nouns are used to describe females or feminine nouns.

'''Masculine'''
*ordenad'''o'''
*trabaja'''dor'''
*pacient'''e'''
*deportist'''a'''

'''Feminine'''
*ordenad'''a'''
*trabaja'''dora'''
*pacient'''e'''
*deportist'''a'''

===Definite and Indefinite Articles===
Definite articles describe a specific thing, while indefinite articles are used to refer to other things.

*'''el''' - the (masculine)
*'''la''' - the (feminine)
*'''un''' - a, an (masculine)
*'''una''' - a, an (feminine)

===Vocabulario adicional===
*'''coleccionar sellos''' - to collect stamps
*'''coleccionar monedas''' - to collect coins
*'''jugar al ajedrez''' - to play chess
*'''patinar sobre hielo''' - to ice-skate
*'''practicar artes marciales''' - to practice martial arts
*'''bombardino''' - baritone
*'''trompa de llaves''' - French horn
*'''misterioso(a)''' - mysterious

===Cultural Insight (Friendships)===
In Spanish-speaking countries, most families are close-knit and friends tend to be more of acquintainces than friends than those in English-speaking societies.

===Country focus (Cuba)===
[[Image:Flag of Cuba.svg|150px|right]]
'''Cuba''' (Spanish: Cuba) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles), Isla de la Juventud and several adjacent small islands. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean at the confluence of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Cuba is south of the eastern United States and The Bahamas, west of the Turks and Caicos Islands and Haiti and east of Mexico. The Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south. The national flower is Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig, most often known as "flor de mariposa" (Butterfly Flower) and the national bird is "Tocororo" or Cuban Trogon from the family of Trogonidae.

[[Image:LocationCuba.svg|150px|left]]
Cuba is the most populous insular nation in the Caribbean. Its people, culture and customs draw from several sources including the aboriginal Taíno and Ciboney peoples, the period of Spanish colonialism, the introduction of African slaves, and its proximity to the United States. The name "Cuba" comes from the Taíno language the exact meaning of which is unclear, but may be translated either "where fertile land is abundant" or "great place" . The island has a tropical climate that is moderated by the surrounding waters; however, the warm temperatures of the Caribbean Sea and the fact that the island of Cuba sits across the access to the Gulf of Mexico combine to make Cuba prone to frequent hurricanes. Cuba's main island, at 766 miles (1,233 km) long, is the world's 17th largest. Cuban culture is much influenced by the fact that it is a melting pot of cultures, primarily those of Spain and Africa. Cuba is most notably known for is music, which is very rich and is the most commonly known expression of culture, as well as sports, notably baseball.

[[Image:Castillo del morro.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro (Morro Castle (fortress), built in 1589 to guard the eastern entrance to Havana bay).]]

'''Factbox''':

-Official Language: Spanish

-Other Languages: African languages, Portuguese, French, Cantonese

-Capital: Havana (La Habana)

[[Image:LaHabana.jpg|150px|thumb|Havana at sunset.]]

-Government: Communism

-Area: 110,861 sq km (42,803 sq mi) (105th)

-Population: 11,268,000 (July 2008) (70th)

-Religion: Christianity 85%, Atheism 14.44%, Buddhism 0.25%, Hinduism 0.21%, other (Judaism, Animism, Islam, etc.) 0.1%

[[Image:Tropical beach sunset.jpg|150px|thumb|Cuba is home to many of the world's most beautiful beaches, such as Santa Lucía, shown here.]]

-Human Development: 0.838 (HIGH, 51st)

-Independence: January 1, 1956

-Currency: Cuban Peso, Cuban Convertible Peso

{{sp1}}

Archive:Spanish/Activities

2009-01-07T19:57:12Z

58.158.139.197: /* Infinitives */ Television is the actual correct translation, "tele" is a diminutive

==Chapter 2 (Activities)==
===Infinitives===
*'''bailar''' - to dance
*'''cantar''' - to sing
*'''correr''' - to run
*'''escribir cuentos''' - to write stories
*'''escuchar música''' - to listen to music
*'''esquiar''' - to ski
*'''hablar por teléfono''' - to talk on the phone
*'''ir a la escuela''' - to go to school
*'''jugar videojuegos''' - to play videogames
*'''leer revistas''' - to read magazines
*'''montar en bicicleta''' - to ride a bicycle
*'''montar en monopatín/patineta''' - to skateboard
*'''nadar''' - to swim
*'''pasar el tiempo con mis amigos''' - to spend time with friends
*'''patinar''' - to skate
*'''practicar deportes''' - to play sports
*'''tocar la guitarra''' - to play the guitar
*'''trabajar''' - to work
*'''usar la computadora''' - to use the computer
*'''ver la television''' - to watch television

===Words to describe something you like or dislike===
*'''A mí''' - (Used for emphasis when talking about what you like or dislike.)
*'''Me gusta...''' - I like to...
*'''Me gusta más...''' - I like to...better.
*'''Me gusta mucho...''' I like to...a lot.
*'''A mí también.''' - I do too.
*'''No me gusta...''' - I don't like to do...
*'''No me gusta nada...''' - I don't like to...at all.
*'''A mí tampoco.''' - I don't either.
*'''¿Qué te gusta hacer?''' - What do you like to do?
*'''¿Qué te gusta más?''' - What do you like better?
*'''¿Te gusta...?''' - Do you like to...?
*'''¿Y a ti?''' - And you?

===Other words===
*'''ni''' - neither, nor
*'''o''' - or
*'''pues...''' - well...
*'''sí''' - yes
*'''también''' - also, too
*'''y''' - and

====Cultural note====
*Many schools in Latin America don't have a Physical Education class or sports teams, instead many students go to local gyms to join sports teams.

===Cognates/Instruments===
====Cognates====
*'''popular''' = popular
*'''usar''' = to use
*'''guitarra''' = guitar
*'''instrumento''' = instrument
*'''importante''' = important
*'''flamenco''' = flamenco
*'''tango''' = tango
*'''merengue''' = merengue
*'''salsa''' = salsa
*'''cumbia''' = cumbia
*'''famoso''' = famous
*'''no''' = no

====Instrumentos====
*'''maracas''' - maracas
*'''güiro''' - güiro
*'''acordeón''' - accordian
*'''claves''' - claves
*'''bajo''' - bass
*'''batería''' - drums
*'''clarinete''' - clarinet
*'''oboe''' - oboe
*'''saxofón''' - saxophone
*'''sintetizador''' - synthesizer
*'''trombón''' - trombone
*'''trompeta''' - trumpet
*'''tuba''' - tuba
*'''violín''' - violin

===Cultural Insight (Dances)===
Many famous dances have originated in Spanish-speaking countries. Below are lists of dances and their country of origin:

-Flamenco: Spain

-Tango: Argentina

-Merengue: Dominican Republic

-Salsa: Puerto Rico

-Cumbia: Columbia

===Country focus (Estados Unidos)===
[[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|150px|right]]
The '''United States of America''' (Spanish: Estados Unidos), usually referred to as the United States, the U.S. or America, is a constitutional federal republic comprising fifty states and a federal district, as well as several territories, or insular areas, scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait, and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific.
[[Image:LocationUSA.png|200px|right]]

At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with more than 300 million people, the United States is the fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by population. The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with a nominal 2006 gross domestic product (GDP) of more than US$13 trillion (over 25% of the world total based on nominal GDP and almost 20% by purchasing power parity).

[[Image:SF From Marin Highlands3.jpg|150px|thumb|San Francisco was founded as a Spanish mission, but today is a major city home to 764,976 people.]]
The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. Proclaiming themselves "states," they issued the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence. A federal convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments, was ratified in 1791.

[[Image:Castillo de San Marcos Fort Panorama 1.jpg|left|thumb|170px|Castillo de San Marcos, a fort in St.Augustine, Florida, the oldest European settlement in the USA.]]

In the nineteenth century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of slavery in the United States. The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the nation's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. In the post–Cold War era, the United States is the only remaining superpower—accounting for approximately 50% of global military spending—and a dominant economic, political, and cultural force in the world. The United States is a multicultural nation, home to a wide variety of ethnic groups, traditions, and values.

[[Image:LosAngelesSmog.jpg|thumb|200px|Los Angeles, formely a Spanish pueblo, is today a major city home to 3,849,378 people and major world center in tourism and culture.]]
'''Factbox''':

*Official languages: none (English is the ''de facto'' language)

*Other Languages: Spanish, French, German, Cantonese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, Mandarin, Italian, Korean, 327 other languages

*Capital: Washington D.C.

*Government: Democracy

*Area: 9,629,091 sq km (3,794,066 sq mi) (4th)

*Population: 304,686,000 (July 2008) (3rd)

*Religion: Christianity 78.5% (Protestant 51.3%, Catholic 23.9%, Mormon 1.7%, other Christian 1.6%), Non-religious 15%, Judaism 2.1%, Buddhism 2%, Islam 1%, Hinduism 0.4%, other 1% (mostly Unitarian Universalism, traditonal beliefs, Sikhism, Jainism, Confucianism, Taoism, etc.)

*Human Development: 0.951 (HIGH, 12th)

*Independence: July 4, 1776

*Currency: United States Dollar

{{sp1}}