IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]

Software industry

2007-09-03T06:33:18Z

59.95.25.161: /* External links */

{{globalize}}
{{Expand|date=January 2007}}

[[Image:Packagedsoftwareatretail.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Starting in the 1980s, application software has been sold in mass-produced packages through retailers]]

The '''software industry''' comprises businesses involved in the [[software development|development]], maintenance and [[software publisher|publication]] of [[computer software]]. The software industry started in the mid-1970s at the time of the personal computer revolution. The industry also includes software [[service]]s, such as training and consultancy. The largest and most profitable of software companies are located in the [[United States]]. As of 2006, the client software industry is dominated by [[Microsoft]]. [[Software Magazine]]'s 500 list in 2005 shows the total amount of revenue brought in by software companies per locale, with the highest being [[California]] due to [[Silicon Valley]] and the amount of [[Fortune 500]] software companies residing in that area. <ref>[http://www.softwaremag.com/SW500/index.cfm?StartRow=1&RowsPer=50&BusCat_Search=&PrimBus_Search=&PrimBusCat_Search=&RankSort=ASC&CompSort=&trk=n&id=5 Software Magazine 500] (2005)</ref>

== Overview ==
There are mainly two types of businesses in the software industry; those developing [[proprietary]] software such as [[Microsoft]], and those developing [[open source]] software. Developing proprietary software is costly and involves software licensing and the need to protect the software from [[cracking]] and [[piracy]].

The main financial return on open source comes from selling services, such as training and support, rather than the software itself. Many contributors to open source software (especially those developing software tools) also feel that there is a significant long-term return in the form of improved resources and capabilities within the software industry. Despite doing much business in properietary software, some companies like [[Sun Microsystems]] and [[IBM]] participate in developing free and open source software to deter from [[monopoly|monopolies]] and take a portion of their [[market share]]. [[Netscape]]'s actions are an example of this, and thus [[Firefox]] has become more popular.

== Practices ==
=== Freeware ===
[[Freeware]] is [[copyright]]ed computer [[software]] which is made available for use free of charge, for an unlimited time, as opposed to [[shareware]] where the user is required to pay (e.g. after some trial period or for additional functionality). Authors of freeware often want to "give something to the community", but also want credit for their software and to retain control of its future development. Sometimes when programmers decide to stop developing a freeware product, they will give the source code to another programmer or release the product's source code to the public as [[free software]].

=== Shareware===
[[Shareware]] is a [[marketing]] method for [[computer software]]. Shareware software is typically obtained free of charge, either by downloading from the Internet or on magazine cover-disks. A user tries out the program, and thus shareware has also been known as "try before you buy". A shareware program is accompanied by a request for payment, and the software's distribution license often requires such a payment.

=== Open source ===
[[Open source]] describes the principles and methodologies to promote open access to the '''production''' and '''design''' process for various goods, products, resources and technical [[conclusions]] or advice. The term is most commonly applied to the [[source code]] of software that is made available to the general public with either relaxed or non-existent [[intellectual property]] restrictions. This allows users to create [[user generated content|user-generated software content]] through either incremental individual effort, or [[collaboration]].

=== Commercial ===
Commercial software is [[computer software]] sold for [[commerce|commercial]] purposes or that serves commercial purposes. Commercial software is most often [[proprietary software]], but [[free software]] is also used as commercial software.<ref>[[Free Software Foundation]]. ''Categories of Free and Non-Free Software''.[http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/categories.html]</ref> All or parts of software packages and services that support commerce are increasingly made available as free software, including products from [[RedHat]], [[Apple Computer]], [[Sun Microsystems]], and [[Google]]. The [[Microsoft Corporation]] uses "commercial software", rather than "proprietary software", to describe their [[business model]].<ref>http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/craig/05-03sharedsource.mspx</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Professional_open-source | Professional Open Source Business Model]]
* [[Software]]
* [[Software development]]
* [[Software publisher]]
* [[Software engineering]]
* [[Software engineering economics]]

== References ==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>

== External links ==
* [http://www.sao.org/ Software Association of Oregon website]
* [http://www.siprofessionals.org/ Software Industry Professionals website]
* [http://www.siia.net/ Software and Information Industry Association website]
* [http://www.softwaremag.com/ Software Magazine website]
* [http://swissmadesoftware.org/ Swiss Made Software
* [http://www.popular-softwares.com/ Latest and popular business softwares]

[[Category:Industries]]
[[Category:Business]]
[[Category:Information technology]]

[[es:Industria del software]]

University of Delhi

2007-08-29T04:02:24Z

59.95.103.92:

{{Infobox University
|name = University of Delhi
|image= [[Image:Delhiuniversity.jpg|Delhi University Logo]]
|motto = निष्ठा धति: सत्यम्
|established = [[1921]]
|type = [[Public school|Public]]
|free_label = Vice Chancellor
|free = Deepak Pental
|city = [[Delhi]]
|country = [[India]]
|affiliations = UGC, NAAC
|campus = [[urban area|Urban]]
|website= [http://www.du.ac.in www.du.ac.in]
}}

The '''University of Delhi''', '''(DU)'''is a [[university]] in [[India]]. Established in [[1922]], it is one of the premier universities of the country and is known for its high standards in teaching and research. It offers courses at the Undergraduate and Post Graduate levels in most subjects. With the number of students exceeding 300,000, it is among the largest universities in the world.

The [[Vice-President of India]] is the Chancellor of the University of Delhi. The University has a distinguished alumni and faculty. It is especially known for its faculties in Science, Economics, English and [[Hindustani]] Classical Music.

==Faculties==
# [[Arts]]
# [[Ayurvedic]] & Unani Medicine
# Commerce & Business Studies
# Education
# Int. Disp. & Applied Sciences
# [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi|Law]]
# Main University
# [[FMS Delhi]] - Management Studies
# Mathematical [[Sciences]]
# [[Medical]] Sciences
# [[Music]] & [[Fine Arts]]
# [[Science]]
# [[Social Sciences]]
# [[Technology]]
# [[Undergraduate]] Courses

1-gwyer hall(boys)
2-jubille hall(boys)
3-mansarovar hostel(boys)
4-p.g.men's hostel(boys)
5-d.s.kothari hostel(boys)
6-v.k.r.v.rao hostel(boys)
7-meghdoot hostel(girls)
8-university hostel for women

==Faculty of Science==
# [[School of Environmental Studies]]
# [[Department of Physics and Astrophysics]]
# [[Botany Department]]
# [[Zoology Department]]
# [[Chemistry Department]]
# [[Anthropology Department]]
# [[Geology Department]]

==Colleges under the University of Delhi==
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
*[[Acharya Narendra Dev College]]
*[[Aditi Mahavidyalaya]]
*[[Ahilyabai College of Nursing]]
*[[Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy]]
*[[Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College]]
*[[Ayurvedic & Unani Tibbia College]]
*[[Bhagini Nivedita College]]
*[[Bharati College]]
*[[Bhaskraycharya College of Applied Sciences]]
*[[Bhim Rao Ambedkar College]]
*[[College of Arts]]
*[[College of Pharmacy]]
*[[College of Vocational Studies]]
*[[Daulat Ram College]]
*[[Deen Dayal Upadhayay College]]
*[[Delhi College of Arts & Commerce]]
*[[Delhi College of Engineering]] (Faculty of Technology)
*[[Delhi School of Economics]]
*[[Deshbandhu College]]
*Deshbandhu College (Evening)
*[[Dyal Singh College]]
*Dyal Singh College (Evening)
*[[Faculty of Management Studies]]
*[[Gargi College]]
*[[Hans Raj College]]
*[[Hindu College]]
*[[Indira Gandhi Instt.of Phy. Edu. & Sports Sciences]]
*[[Indraprastha College for Women]]
*[[Institute of Home Economics]]
*[[Institute of Physically Handicapped]]
*[[Janki Devi Memorial College]]
*[[Jesus & Mary College]][http://jmcdelhi.com/]
*[[Kalindi College]]
*[[Kamala Nehru College]]
*[[Keshav Mahavidyalaya]]
*[[Kirori Mal College]]
*[[Lady Harding Medical College]]
*[[Lady Irwin College]]
*[[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]]
*[[Lakshmi Bai College]]
*[[Maharaja Agrasen College]] [http://www.macdu.com MAC]
*[[Maharishi Valmiki College of Education]]
*[[Maitreyi College]]
*[[Mata Sundri College for Women]]
*[[Maulana Azad Medical College]]
*[[Miranda House]]
*[[Moti Lal Nehru College]]
*Moti Lal Nehru College (Evening)
*[[Nehru Homeopathic College]]
*[[Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology]] (Faculty of Technology)
*[[P.G.D.A.V. College]]
*P.G.D.A.V. College (Evening)
*[[Rajdhani College]]
*[[Rajkumari Amrit Kaur College of Nursing]]
*[[Ram Lal Anand College]]
*Ram Lal Anand College (Evening)
*[[Ramjas College]]
*[[S.G.T.B. Khalsa College]]
*S.G.T.B. Khalsa College (Evening)
*[[Satyawati College]]
*Satyawati College (Evening)
*[[School of Correspondence Courses & Cont. Edu.]]
*[[Shaheed Bhagat Singh College]]
*Shaheed Bhagat Singh College (Evening)
*[[Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women]] [http://www.rajgurucollege.org]
*[[Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies]]
*[[Sherubtse College]]
*[[Shivaji College]]
*[[Shri Ram College of Commerce]]
*[[Shyam Lal College]]
*Shyam Lal College (Evening)
*[[Shyama Prasad Mukherjee College]]
*[[Sri Aurbindo College]]
*Sri Aurbindo College (Evening)
*[[Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce]]
*[[Sri Venkateswara College]]
*[[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]
*[[Swami Shraddhanand College]]
*[[University College of Medical Sciences]] http://ucms.co.in/
*[[Vivekanand College]]
*[[Zakir Husain College]]
*Zakir Husain College (Evening)

</div>

==Former Vice Chancellors==

#Dr.[[Hari Singh Gour]] (first Vice Chancellor and founder of [[University of Sagar]])
#Dr. Moonis Raza
#Prof Singh
#Prof. Saroop Singh

==External links==
*[http://www.du.ac.in/ Official Website]
*[http://www.fms.edu/ Faculty of Management Studies]
*[http://cs.du.ac.in/ Department of Computer Science]
*[http://www.du.ac.in/exam.html Examinations and Syllabus]
*[http://www.delhi-university.in Delhi University Admissions]
*[http://www.delhi-university.in/mboard.php Admissions 2006 Special Helpline set up by Delhi University Alumni dedicated to Admission related queries]
*[http://beat.du.googlepages.com DU Beat Delhi University's Independent Student Newspaper]
*[http://www.educationindiainfo.com Education India]

{{India-university-stub}}

[[Category:Central universities in India|Delhi]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Delhi]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1922]]

[[ar:جامعة دلهي]]
[[de:University of Delhi]]
[[ml:അണ്ണാമലൈ സര്‍വകലാശാല]]
[[ja:アンナーマライ大学]]
[[ta:அண்ணாமலைப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்]]

University of Delhi

2007-08-29T03:56:34Z

59.95.103.92:

{{Infobox University
|name = University of Delhi
|image= [[Image:Delhiuniversity.jpg|Delhi University Logo]]
|motto = निष्ठा धति: सत्यम्
|established = [[1921]]
|type = [[Public school|Public]]
|free_label = Vice Chancellor
|free = Deepak Pental
|city = [[Delhi]]
|country = [[India]]
|affiliations = UGC, NAAC
|campus = [[urban area|Urban]]
|website= [http://www.du.ac.in www.du.ac.in]
}}

The '''University of Delhi''', '''(DU)'''is a [[university]] in [[India]]. Established in [[1922]], it is one of the premier universities of the country and is known for its high standards in teaching and research. It offers courses at the Undergraduate and Post Graduate levels in most subjects. With the number of students exceeding 300,000, it is among the largest universities in the world.

The [[Vice-President of India]] is the Chancellor of the University of Delhi. The University has a distinguished alumni and faculty. It is especially known for its faculties in Science, Economics, English and [[Hindustani]] Classical Music.

==Faculties==
# [[Arts]]
# [[Ayurvedic]] & Unani Medicine
# Commerce & Business Studies
# Education
# Int. Disp. & Applied Sciences
# [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi|Law]]
# Main University
# [[FMS Delhi]] - Management Studies
# Mathematical [[Sciences]]
# [[Medical]] Sciences
# [[Music]] & [[Fine Arts]]
# [[Science]]
# [[Social Sciences]]
# [[Technology]]
# [[Undergraduate]] Courses

1-gwyer hall(boys)
2-jubille hall(boys)
3-mansarovar hostel(boys)
4-p.g.men's hostel(boys)
5-d.s.kothari hostel(boys)
6-v.k.r.v.rao hostel(boys)
7-meghdoot hostel(girls)
8-university hostel for women

==Faculty of Science==
# [[School of Environmental Studies]]
# [[Department of Physics and Astrophysics]]
# [[Botany Department]]
# [[Zoology Department]]
# [[Chemistry Department]]
# [[Anthropology Department]]
# [[Geology Department]]

==Colleges under the University of Delhi==
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
*[[Acharya Narendra Dev College]]
*[[Aditi Mahavidyalaya]]
*[[Ahilyabai College of Nursing]]
*[[Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy]]
*[[Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College]]
*[[Ayurvedic & Unani Tibbia College]]
*[[Bhagini Nivedita College]]
*[[Bharati College]]
*[[Bhaskraycharya College of Applied Sciences]]
*[[Bhim Rao Ambedkar College]]
*[[College of Arts]]
*[[College of Pharmacy]]
*[[College of Vocational Studies]]
*[[Daulat Ram College]]
*[[Deen Dayal Upadhayay College]]
*[[Delhi College of Arts & Commerce]]
*[[Delhi College of Engineering]] (Faculty of Technology)
*[[Delhi School of Economics]]
*[[Deshbandhu College]]
*Deshbandhu College (Evening)
*[[Dyal Singh College]]
*Dyal Singh College (Evening)
*[[Faculty of Management Studies]]
*[[Gargi College]]
*[[Hans Raj College]]
*[[Hindu College]]
*[[Indira Gandhi Instt.of Phy. Edu. & Sports Sciences]]
*[[Indraprastha College for Women]]
*[[Institute of Home Economics]]
*[[Institute of Physically Handicapped]]
*[[Janki Devi Memorial College]]
*[[Jesus & Mary College]][http://jmcdelhi.com/]
*[[Kalindi College]]
*[[Kamala Nehru College]]
*[[Keshav Mahavidyalaya]]
*[[Kirori Mal College]]
*[[Lady Harding Medical College]]
*[[Lady Irwin College]]
*[[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]]
*[[Lakshmi Bai College]]
*[[Maharaja Agrasen College]] [http://www.macdu.com MAC]
*[[Maharishi Valmiki College of Education]]
*[[Maitreyi College]]
*[[Mata Sundri College for Women]]
*[[Maulana Azad Medical College]]
*[[Miranda House]]
*[[Moti Lal Nehru College]]
*Moti Lal Nehru College (Evening)
*[[Nehru Homeopathic College]]
*[[Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology]] (Faculty of Technology)
*[[P.G.D.A.V. College]]
*P.G.D.A.V. College (Evening)
*[[Rajdhani College]]
*[[Rajkumari Amrit Kaur College of Nursing]]
*[[Ram Lal Anand College]]
*Ram Lal Anand College (Evening)
*[[Ramjas College]]
*[[S.G.T.B. Khalsa College]]
*S.G.T.B. Khalsa College (Evening)
*[[Satyawati College]]
*Satyawati College (Evening)
*[[School of Correspondence Courses & Cont. Edu.]]
*[[Shaheed Bhagat Singh College]]
*Shaheed Bhagat Singh College (Evening)
*[[Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women]] [http://www.rajgurucollege.org]
*[[Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies]]
*[[Sherubtse College]]
*[[Shivaji College]]
*[[Shri Ram College of Commerce]]
*[[Shyam Lal College]]
*Shyam Lal College (Evening)
*[[Shyama Prasad Mukherjee College]]
*[[Sri Aurbindo College]]
*Sri Aurbindo College (Evening)
*[[Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce]]
*[[Sri Venkateswara College]]
*[[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]]
*[[Swami Shraddhanand College]]
*[[University College of Medical Sciences]] http://ucms.co.in/
*[[Vivekanand College]]
*[[Zakir Husain College]]
*Zakir Husain College (Evening)

</div>

==Former Vice Chancellors==

#[[Dr. Sir Hari Singh Gour]] (first Vice Chancellor and founder of University of Saugar)
#Dr. Moonis Raza
#Prof Singh
#Prof. Saroop Singh

==External links==
*[http://www.du.ac.in/ Official Website]
*[http://www.fms.edu/ Faculty of Management Studies]
*[http://cs.du.ac.in/ Department of Computer Science]
*[http://www.du.ac.in/exam.html Examinations and Syllabus]
*[http://www.delhi-university.in Delhi University Admissions]
*[http://www.delhi-university.in/mboard.php Admissions 2006 Special Helpline set up by Delhi University Alumni dedicated to Admission related queries]
*[http://beat.du.googlepages.com DU Beat Delhi University's Independent Student Newspaper]
*[http://www.educationindiainfo.com Education India]

{{India-university-stub}}

[[Category:Central universities in India|Delhi]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Delhi]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1922]]

[[ar:جامعة دلهي]]
[[de:University of Delhi]]
[[ml:അണ്ണാമലൈ സര്‍വകലാശാല]]
[[ja:アンナーマライ大学]]
[[ta:அண்ணாமலைப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்]]

University of Delhi

2007-05-28T18:42:32Z

59.95.103.122:

{{Infobox University
|name = University of Delhi
|image= [[Image:Delhiuniversity.jpg|Delhi University Logo]]
|motto = निष्ठा धति: सत्यम्
|established = [[1921]]
|type = [[Public school|Public]]
|free_label = Vice Chancellor
|free = Deepak Pental
|city = [[Delhi]]
|country = [[India]]
|affiliations = UGC, NAAC
|campus = [[urban area|Urban]]
|website= [http://www.du.ac.in www.du.ac.in]
}}

The '''University of Delhi''' is a [[university]] in [[India]]. Established in [[1922]], it is the premier university of the country and is known for its high standards in teaching and research. It offers courses at the Undergraduate and Post Graduate levels in most subjects. With the number of students exceeding 300,000, it is among the largest universities in the world.

The [[Vice-President of India]] is the Chancellor of the University of Delhi. The University has a history of Nobel Prize winners as its alumni and faculty. It is especially known for its faculties in Science, Economics, English and [[Hindustani]] Classical Music.

==Faculties==
# [[Arts]]
# [[Ayurvedic]] & Unani Medicine
# Commerce & Business Studies
# Education
# Int. Disp. & Applied Sciences
# [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi|Law]]
# Main University
# [[FMS Delhi]] - Management Studies
# Mathematical [[Sciences]]
# [[Medical]] Sciences
# [[Music]] & [[Fine Arts]]
# [[Science]]
# [[Social Sciences]]
# [[Technology]]
# [[Undergraduate]] Courses

==Faculty of Science==
# [[School of Environmental Studies]]
# [[Department of Physics and Astrophysics]]
# [[Botany Department]]
# [[Zoology Department]]
# [[Chemistry Department]]
# [[Anthropology Department]]
# [[Geology Department]]

==Colleges under the University of Delhi==
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
*[[Acharya Narendra Dev College]]
*[[Aditi Mahavidyalaya]]
*[[Ahilyabai College of Nursing]]
*[[Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy]]
*[[Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College]]
*[[Ayurvedic & Unani Tibbia College]]
*[[Bhagini Nivedita College]]
*[[Bharati College]]
*[[Bhaskraycharya College of Applied Sciences]]
*[[Bhim Rao Ambedkar College]]
*[[College of Arts]]
*[[College of Pharmacy]]
*[[College of Vocational Studies]]
*[[Daulat Ram College]]
*[[Deen Dayal Upadhayay College]]
*[[Delhi College of Arts & Commerce]]
*[[Delhi College of Engineering]]
*[[Delhi School of Economics]]
*[[Deshbandhu College]]
*Deshbandhu College (Evening)
*[[Dyal Singh College]]
*Dyal Singh College (Evening)
*[[Faculty of Management Studies]]
*[[Gargi College]]
*[[Hans Raj College]]
*[[Hindu College]]
*[[Indira Gandhi Instt.of Phy. Edu. & Sports Sciences]]
*[[Indraprastha College for Women]]
*[[Institute of Home Economics]]
*[[Institute of Physically Handicapped]]
*[[Janki Devi Memorial College]]
*[[Jesus & Mary College]][http://jmcdelhi.com/]
*[[Kalindi College]]
*[[Kamala Nehru College]]
*[[Keshav Mahavidyalaya]]
*[[Kirori Mal College]]
*[[Lady Harding Medical College]]
*[[Lady Irwin College]]
*[[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]]
*[[Lakshmi Bai College]]
*[[Maharaja Agrasen College]] [http://www.macdu.com MAC]
*[[Maharishi Valmiki College of Education]]
*[[Maitreyi College]]
*[[Mata Sundri College for Women]]
*[[Maulana Azad Medical College]]
*[[Miranda House]]
*[[Moti Lal Nehru College]]
*Moti Lal Nehru College (Evening)
*[[Nehru Homeopathic College]]
*[[Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology]]
*[[P.G.D.A.V. College]]
*P.G.D.A.V. College (Evening)
*[[Rajdhani College]]
*[[Rajkumari Amrit Kaur College of Nursing]]
*[[Ram Lal Anand College]]
*Ram Lal Anand College (Evening)
*[[Ramjas College]]
*[[S.G.T.B. Khalsa College]]
*S.G.T.B. Khalsa College (Evening)
*[[Satyawati College]]
*Satyawati College (Evening)
*[[School of Correspondence Courses & Cont. Edu.]]
*[[Shaheed Bhagat Singh College]]
*Shaheed Bhagat Singh College (Evening)
*[[Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women]] [http://www.rajgurucollege.org]
*[[Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies]]
*[[Sherubtse College]]
*[[Shivaji College]]
*[[Shri Ram College of Commerce]]
*[[Shyam Lal College]]
*Shyam Lal College (Evening)
*[[Shyama Prasad Mukherjee College]]
*[[Sri Aurbindo College]]
*Sri Aurbindo College (Evening)
*[[Sri Guru Gobind Singh College of Commerce]]
*[[Sri Venkateswara College]]
*[[St. Stephen's College]]
*[[Swami Shraddhanand College]]
*[[University College of Medical Sciences]] http://ucms.co.in/
*[[Vivekanand College]]
*[[Zakir Husain College]]
*Zakir Husain College (Evening)

</div>

==Former Vice Chancellors==

#Dr. Moonis Raza
#Prof Singh
#Prof. Saroop Singh

==External links==
*[http://www.du.ac.in/ Official Website]
*[http://www.fms.edu/ Faculty of Management Studies]
*[http://cs.du.ac.in/ Department of Computer Science]
*[http://www.du.ac.in/exam.html Examinations and Syllabus]
*[http://www.delhi-university.in Delhi University Admissions]
*[http://www.delhi-university.in/mboard.php Admissions 2006 Special Helpline set up by Delhi University Alumni dedicated to Admission related queries]
*[http://beat.du.googlepages.com DU Beat Delhi University's Independent Student Newspaper]
*[http://www.educationindiainfo.com Education India]

{{India-university-stub}}

[[Category:Central universities in India|Delhi]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Delhi]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1922]]

[[de:University of Delhi]]

St. John's College, Agra

2007-02-03T06:47:54Z

59.95.109.30: /* Courses */

{{Wikify|December 2006}}


==History==
'''St John's College''', [[Agra]] was established in 1850 by the Church of Missionary Society of England along with Agra C.M.S. association. During 1862 to 1888, the college was affiliated with Calcutta University and till 1927, with Allahabad University. In 1927, when Agra University came into existence, it got affiliated with Agra University (now known as Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University).

Since 1893, this college is offering post-graduate courses and it is one of the oldest and the most beautiful college in India to do so.
The current Principal of the college is Professor (Dr) F.M.Prasad, an eminent Scientist and Educationist.

==Courses==
'''Under Graduate Courses'''
* Bachelor of Arts (English, History, Political Science, Economics, Psychology, Geography, Hindi, Sanskrit & Urdu)
* Bachelor of Science (Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Zoology, Botany & industrial chemistry)
* Bachelor of Commerce (Business Administration, Accounts & Law and Business Economics)

'''Post Graduate Courses'''
* Faculty of Arts – English, Hindi, Political Science, History, Geography, Economics and Psychology
* Faculty of Science – Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Statistics, Zoology and Botany.
* Faculty of Commerce – Applied Business Economics, Accounts and Law and Business Administration.

'''Doctorate(Ph.D.) Courses'''
* Faculty of Arts, Science and Commerce.

'''Vocational Courses'''
* Foreign Trade, Advertising and Sales Promotion, Insurance, B.Com. Special Scheme, Computer Science and B.Sc. Industrial Chemistry.
* Post Graduate Diploma in Clinical Psychology.
* Demography, Yoga Psychology & Mental Health and Communicative English.

Addition to above, the college also runs a study centre of Indira Gandhi National Open University.

== Alumni==
The college in its long history has produced distinguished and top-ranking Administrators, Civil Servants, Foreign Secretaries, High Commissioners, Judges, High ranked Air Force, Naval and Police officers and eminent educationists and business executives.

[[Category:Agra]]

Archive:Data acquisition system

2006-11-13T12:48:44Z

59.95.23.222: /* Data Logging Systems */

{{clarify}}

[[Data logging]], carried out by a '''data acquisition system''' (DAS), is used to measure parameters such as [[temperature]] and [[humidity]] in storage facilities with perishable products; the measurement data is then stored for analysis to improve quality assurance.

==Data Logging Systems==
Data logging systems consist of four elements:

#Measuring output ([[sensor]]s around the vehicle)
#Recording output signals (logger unit)
#Uploading/accessing recorded data ([[telemetry]])
#Analysis of recorded data. (DAS [[software]])

The 4 elements above have specific requirements which need to physically present and included in the design process. Sensors to measure selected parameters must meet certain specifications, and the routing of the sensor [[cable]]s ensures they will not suffer from [[electromagnetic]] interference from other electronic systems. The DAS unit (including [[memory]]) and the link from the DAS unit to the operating platform to upload the acquired data via a [[hardwire]] cable or telemetry also must conform to requirements.

Most [[race car]]s use two types of telemetry. The first is sent to the [[engineer]]s in the pits every time the vehicle acquires more than 50[[megabyte|Mb]] of data, containing an insight into the state of the vehicle. The second is transferred each time the vehicle is in the [[pit lane]], providing information on every part of the vehicle. With the most advanced telemetry, the data is sent constantly for analysis through a [[transmitter]] as long as a good connection is present (not always possible in parts of certain [[raceways]] due to obstruction).

The [[operating platform]] is required to include specialist analysis software to view the data, usually in the form of various [[graph]]s to improve and develop the performance of the key areas and operation parameters of the vehicles running conditions. The most advanced software in [[Formula 1]] has been developed by McLaren Electronics known as Advanced Telemetry Linked Acquisition System, which displays graphs of each of the vehicle's systems on the exact section of track, in a [[real time]] format. The benefits of using such a system include the fact that the parameters which can be recorded for analysis cover the whole set-up of the race vehicle (up to 127 [[channel]]s).

The parameters which are measured and recorded by a data acquisition system are broken into three generic categories, which are also interlinked due to system requirements and the complexity of major components (for example, a wheel [[speed]] sensor not only monitors the wheel speed but also the speed of the vehicle, location on the track and an input to [[traction]] and [[launch control (automotive)|launch control]] systems):

#'''[[Engine]]:''' [[Rev]]s per minute, fuel and [[oil]] pressure, water and oil temperature, [[turbo charger]] boost pressure, [[exhaust]] gas temperature, [[battery (electricity)|battery]] voltage, inlet air temperature and [[throttle]] position sensor.
#'''[[Chassis]]:''' Wheel speed, steering angle, [[lateral]] and [[longitudinal]] [[G-force]] (applied from braking and cornering), Brake line pressure, [[damper]] movement and gear position.
#*'''Advanced Chassis DAS''': Ride height, [[drive shaft]] or [[prop shaft]] [[torque]], [[suspension]] loads, tyre pressure and compound temperature, and brake disk temperature. ''Optional'': [[aerodynamic]] parameters, including air speed and local air pressures.
#'''Driver:''' Both engine and chassis-related factors which are controlled by the driver, such as throttle position, gear position, steering angle and brake line pressure or directly controlled parameters such as engine revs per minute, speed and G-force.

The accurate information provided by telemetry sent by DAS in a practice run takes significant fine tuning, such as ensuring the correct [[gear ratio]]s are present according to track layout, or that the engine acceleration speed according to throttle position and sensitivity is set to the required conditions of a race. The engine control system will be programmed with suitable engine maps giving the driver more control of the throttle input. On a track with a large number of corners, the first part of pedal movement would be made very sensitive in order to effectively negotiate the course. On other courses, however, the vehicle might be required to come out of the [[chicanes]] and directly to peak power levels, thus less sensitivity required on the pedal.

The DAS during race time is monitored by engineers in the pit and [[garage]] area, who diagnose any faults which may occur. In this case, the DAS is used as an early warning system of potential mechanical failure, allowing the designers and material analysis team to easily distinguish the cause of the fault. This can result in a significant decrease of the danger to a driver.

A good example of this can be taken from the [[2003]] Silverstone [[Grand Prix]], when engineers in the pits observed the loss of pressure from one of Coulthards tyres. The DAS allowed the team to recall him from his practice, resolving the fault before a dangerous situation occurred.

“Formula 1 telemetry is the technological lifeblood of the sport, helping the drivers and engineers to better understand how a car functions and how they can optimise its set-up.”{{citation needed}}

Mathematics

2006-09-29T09:56:59Z

59.95.10.132: /* Active participants */

<center><big>'''Welcome to the School of Mathematics!'''</big></center>

[[Image:Mathematicsgeneral.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Welcome to the Wikiversity School of Mathematics]]

==School news==
* '''August 20, 2006''' - School founded!
* '''August 21, 2006''' - Added various departments

==Pre-university courses==
*[[Applied Math Basics|Math Basics]] <small>(numbers, arithmetic, fractions, decimals)</small>
*[[School of Mathematics:Primary School Mathematics|Primary School Mathematics]] <small>(numbers, arithmetic, pre-algebra)</small>
*[[School of Mathematics:High School Mathematics|High School Mathematics]] <small>(algebra, pre-calculus, calculus)</small>

== Resources ==
*[[Wikibooks:Mathematics bookshelf|Mathematics bookshelf]] for online mathematics textbooks.
*[http://www.math.gatech.edu/~cain/textbooks/onlinebooks.html A large list of cost-free online mathematics textbooks]
*[[School of Mathematics:Software|Math Software]]

== International Relations ==
*[[:it:Wikiversità]] - [[:it:Wikiversità:Facoltà di Matematica|Facoltà di Matematica]]

[[Category:Mathematics]]
[[Category:Wikiversity schools|Mathematics]]

Mathematics

2006-09-29T09:56:45Z

59.95.10.132: /* Divisions and Departments */

<center><big>'''Welcome to the School of Mathematics!'''</big></center>

[[Image:Mathematicsgeneral.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Welcome to the Wikiversity School of Mathematics]]

==Active participants==
The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this school, you can list your name here (this can help small schools grow and the participants communicate better; for large schools it is not needed).

*[[User:Tastymangojuice|Tastymangojuice]] (Computer Science)
*[[User:ehremo|ehremo]]
*[[User:Deltinu|Deltinu]]
*[[User:EulerGamma|EulerGamma]]
*[[User:Ravi12346|Ravi12346]]
*[[User:lgallindo|Lucas Gallindo]]
*[[User:Tachyon01|Tachyon01]] (Pure Mathematics)
* ...

==School news==
* '''August 20, 2006''' - School founded!
* '''August 21, 2006''' - Added various departments

==Pre-university courses==
*[[Applied Math Basics|Math Basics]] <small>(numbers, arithmetic, fractions, decimals)</small>
*[[School of Mathematics:Primary School Mathematics|Primary School Mathematics]] <small>(numbers, arithmetic, pre-algebra)</small>
*[[School of Mathematics:High School Mathematics|High School Mathematics]] <small>(algebra, pre-calculus, calculus)</small>

== Resources ==
*[[Wikibooks:Mathematics bookshelf|Mathematics bookshelf]] for online mathematics textbooks.
*[http://www.math.gatech.edu/~cain/textbooks/onlinebooks.html A large list of cost-free online mathematics textbooks]
*[[School of Mathematics:Software|Math Software]]

== International Relations ==
*[[:it:Wikiversità]] - [[:it:Wikiversità:Facoltà di Matematica|Facoltà di Matematica]]

[[Category:Mathematics]]
[[Category:Wikiversity schools|Mathematics]]

Mathematics

2006-09-29T09:55:39Z

59.95.10.132: /* Undergraduate-level study */

<center><big>'''Welcome to the School of Mathematics!'''</big></center>

[[Image:Mathematicsgeneral.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Welcome to the Wikiversity School of Mathematics]]

==Divisions and Departments==
Divisions and Departments of the School exist on pages in "topic" namespace. Start the name of departments with the "Topic:" prefix; departments reside in the [[Wikiversity:Namespaces|Topic: namespace]]. Departments and divisions link to learning materials and learning projects. Divisions can link subdivisions or to departments. For more information on schools, divisions and departments look at the [[Wikiversity:Naming_conventions|Naming Conventions]].

* [[Topic:Actuarial Mathematics|Department of Actuarial Mathematics]]
* [[Topic:Applied Mathematics|Department of Applied Mathematics]]
* [[Topic:Combinatorics and Optimization|Department of Combinatorics and Optimization]]
* [[Topic:Computer Science|Division of Computer Science]] - this division is for study of the mathematical aspects of computer science
(See also: [[School:Computer Science]])
* [[Topic:Pure Math|Division of Pure Mathematics]]
* [[Topic:Mathematical Physics|Department of Mathematical Physics]]
* [[Topic:Statistics|Department of Statistics]]
* [[Topic:Philosophy of Mathematics|Philosophy of Mathematics]]
* ...

==Active participants==
The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this school, you can list your name here (this can help small schools grow and the participants communicate better; for large schools it is not needed).

*[[User:Tastymangojuice|Tastymangojuice]] (Computer Science)
*[[User:ehremo|ehremo]]
*[[User:Deltinu|Deltinu]]
*[[User:EulerGamma|EulerGamma]]
*[[User:Ravi12346|Ravi12346]]
*[[User:lgallindo|Lucas Gallindo]]
*[[User:Tachyon01|Tachyon01]] (Pure Mathematics)
* ...

==School news==
* '''August 20, 2006''' - School founded!
* '''August 21, 2006''' - Added various departments

==Pre-university courses==
*[[Applied Math Basics|Math Basics]] <small>(numbers, arithmetic, fractions, decimals)</small>
*[[School of Mathematics:Primary School Mathematics|Primary School Mathematics]] <small>(numbers, arithmetic, pre-algebra)</small>
*[[School of Mathematics:High School Mathematics|High School Mathematics]] <small>(algebra, pre-calculus, calculus)</small>

== Resources ==
*[[Wikibooks:Mathematics bookshelf|Mathematics bookshelf]] for online mathematics textbooks.
*[http://www.math.gatech.edu/~cain/textbooks/onlinebooks.html A large list of cost-free online mathematics textbooks]
*[[School of Mathematics:Software|Math Software]]

== International Relations ==
*[[:it:Wikiversità]] - [[:it:Wikiversità:Facoltà di Matematica|Facoltà di Matematica]]

[[Category:Mathematics]]
[[Category:Wikiversity schools|Mathematics]]