https://ideawaza.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=63.85.149.251 2026-10-01T21:24:06Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.46.0 https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Total_parenteral_nutrition&diff=30172 2006-01-20T17:33:37Z

<p>63.85.149.251: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Total parenteral nutrition''' (TPN), also called '''hyperalimentation''', is the practice of feeding a person without using the [[gut]], i.e. intravenously. It is normally used following surgery, when feeding by mouth or using the gut is not possible. It has been used for patients in [[coma]], although [[enteric]] (tube) feeding is usually preferable, and less prone to complications. [[Chronic]] TPN is occasionally used to treat people suffering the extended consequences of an accident or surgery. Most controversially, TPN has extended the life of a small number of children born with nonexistent or severely birth-deformed guts. <br /> <br /> The preferred method of delivering TPN is with a medical [[infusion pump]]. A [[sterile]] bag of nutrient solution, between 500 mL and 4 L is provided. Feeding schedules vary, but one common regimen ramps up the nutrition over a few hours, levels off the rate for a few hours, and then ramps it down over a few more hours.<br /> <br /> The nutrient solution consists of [[water]], [[glucose]], [[salt]]s, [[amino acid]]s, [[vitamin]]s and (more controversially) sometimes emulsified [[fat]]s. Long term TPN patients sometimes suffer from lack of trace nutrients or [[electrolyte]] imbalances. Because increased [[blood sugar]] commonly occurs with TPN, [[insulin]] may also be added to the infusion. Occasionally, other drugs are added as well. <br /> <br /> Chronic TPN is performed through a centrally placed venous access systems such as a 'picc' line, hickman or port. In infants, sometimes the umbilical artery is used. <br /> <br /> Battery-powered ambulatory infusion pumps are used with chronic TPN patients. Outpatient TPN practices are still being refined.<br /> <br /> Aside from their dependence on a pump, chronic TPN patients live quite normal lives.<br /> <br /> ==Complications==<br /> <br /> The most common complication of TPN use is bacterial infection, usually due to the increased infection risk from having an indwelling [[central venous catheter]]. Rarely, [[liver]] failure may occur. The cause is unknown, but may be insufficient nutrition -the liver normally processes the [[blood]] returning from the gut.</div>

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