https://ideawaza.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=64.4.116.0%2F24 2026-10-01T20:07:53Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.46.0 https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Total_parenteral_nutrition&diff=30165 2005-09-30T14:47:12Z

<p>64.4.116.187: Corrected small grammatical mistake</p> <hr /> <div>'''Total parenteral nutrition''' (TPN), also called [[hyperalimentation]], is the practice of feeding a person without using the [[gut]], i.e. intravenously. It is normally used during [[surgery|surgical]] recoveries. It has been used for patients in [[coma]], although enteric (tube) feeding is usually preferable, and less prone to complications. [[Chronic]] TPN is occasionally used to treat people suffering the extended consequences of an accident or surgery. Most controversially, TPN has extended the life of a small number of children born with nonexistent or severely birth-deformed guts. The oldest were eight years old in [[2003]].<br /> <br /> In TPN's simplest form, a bag of [[nutrient]]s is added to a patient's [[intravenous drip]].<br /> <br /> The preferred method of performing TPN is with a medical [[infusion pump]]. A [[sterile]] bag of nutrient solution, between 500mL and 4L is provided. The pump infuses a small amount (0.1 to 10mL/hr) continuously in order to keep the vein open. Feeding schedules vary, but one common regimen ramps up the nutrition over a few hours, levels off the rate for a few hours, and then ramps it down over a few more hours, in order to simulate a normal set of meal times.<br /> <br /> The nutrient solution consists of [[water]], [[glucose]], [[salt]]s, [[amino acid]]s, [[vitamin]]s and (more controversially) sometimes emulsified [[fat]]s. Long term TPN patients sometimes suffer from lack of trace nutrients or [[electrolyte]] imbalances. Because increased [[blood sugar]] commonly occurs with TPN, [[insulin]] may also be added to the infusion. Occasionally, other drugs are added as well. <br /> <br /> Chronic TPN is performed through a [[Hickman line]] or a [[Port-a-Cath]] (venous access systems), or sometimes through an [[artery]]. Arterial shunts are more dangerous, but sturdier because an artery wall is more muscular. Poor [[hygiene]] may lead to serious [[infection]].<br /> <br /> Battery-powered ambulatory infusion pumps are used with chronic TPN patients, and usually the pump and a small (100ml) bag of nutrient to keep the vein open are carried in a fanny pack. Outpatient TPN practices are still being refined.<br /> <br /> Aside from their dependence on a pump, chronic TPN patients live quite normal lives.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Complications==<br /> There are some complications that seem to follow long-term use of TPN. The most common is [[liver]] failure. [[As of 2004]], the cause is unknown, but may be insufficient nutrition - the liver normally processes the [[blood]] returning from the gut.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[intravenous drip]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:nutrition]]<br /> [[Category:intensive care medicine]]<br /> <br /> [[de:Parenterale Ernährung]]<br /> [[pt:Nutrição parenteral]]</div>

64.4.116.187