IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]

Archive:List of notable bagpipe makers

2008-07-16T18:13:08Z

64.9.63.48: /* Great Highland Bagpipe */ added peter henderson info

===Great Highland Bagpipe===
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="175"|Principal(s)
!width="175"|Company Name
!width=”75”|Location
!width="50"|Status
!width=”55”|Website
|-
| Alexander, George || Unknown || London, England, then Isle of Wight (United Kingdom) || Closed as of 1990 || None
|-
| Atherton, David M. || D. M. Atherton Bagpipes Ltd.|| Naperville, Illinois (United States) || Active || http://www.dmatherton.com/
|- Booth David & Craig Booth. || David Booth Bagpipes. || Alva, Scotland. || Active. || None.

| Primarily Pakistani Products || Beginner Bagpipes || West Lothian, Scotland || active || http://www.beginnerbagpipes.co.uk/
|-
| Crisler, Peter W. || Peter's Pipes Inc. || Louisville, Kentucky (United States) || Active || http://home.insightbb.com/~pwwjcrisler/index.html
|-
| Dunbar, Jack || J. Dunbar Bagpipes Ltd. || St. Catherines, Ontario (Canada) || Active || http://www.dunbarbagpipes.com/
|-
| Gibson, Jerry || Gibson Bagpipes, Inc. || Willoughby, Ohio (United States) || Active || http://www.gibsonpipes.com/
|-
| Grainger, George and Neil Campbell || Grainger & Campbell || Glasgow, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Closed as of 1989 || None
|-
| Chalmers, Scott || Peter Henderson Bagpipes || Glasgow, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.rghardie.co.uk
|-
| Huggins, Murray || Colin Kyo Bagpipe Company || Medford, Oregon (United States) || Active || http://www.colinkyobagpipes.com/
|-
| Kron, Charley || C.E. Kron & Co. || Dobbs Ferry, New York (United States) || Active || http://www.cekron.com/
|-
| MacLellan, Roddy || MacLellan Bagpipe || Summerville, South Carolina (United States) || Active || http://www.highland-pipemaker.com/
|-
| MacLeod, Kenny and Stuart McCallum || McCallum Bagpipes Ltd. || Kilmarnock, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.mccallumbagpipes.com/
|-
| MacPherson, Hugh || Unknown || Scotland (United Kingdom) || Closed as of around 1990 || None
|-
| Murray, Ian D. || Ian Murray Bagpipes || Forfar, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.ianmurray-bagpipes.co.uk/
|-
| Cowell, Les & Martin || David Naill & Co. || Somerset, England (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.naill-bagpipes.com/
|-
| Richard Kean || RK Bagpipes || Texas, USA || Active || http://www.rkbagpipes.com/
|-
| Douglas Shepherd || RT Shepherd and Son (Scotland) Ltd. || Fife, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.shepherd-bagpipes.com/
|-
| Sinclair, Robert || || Leicester, England (United Kingdom) || ||
|-
| Sinclair, William || Wm. Sinclair & Son || Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.sinclair-bagpipes.co.uk/
|-
| Somers, Trewin || Somers Bagpipes || Calgary, Alberta (Canada) || Active || http://www.somersbagpipes.com/
|-
| Soutar, Duncan || Duncan Soutar of St. Andrews || St. Andrews, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.duncansoutarofstandrews.com/
|-
| Gillanders, Robert and Iain McLeod || Gillanders & McLeod Ltd. || Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.gandmbagpipes.co.uk/
|-
| Chalmers, Scott || R.G. Hardie & Co. Ltd. || Glasgow, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.rghardie.co.uk/
|-
| Henderson, Peter || Peter Henderson & Co. || Glasgow, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Inactive || None
|-
| Unknown || RG Lawrie Bagpipes Limited || Castle Douglas, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.lawriebagpipes.com/
|-
| David Booth||Duncan MacDougall & Gavin C MacDougall || Aberfeldy, Scotland|| Active || www.macdougallbagpipes.com
|-
|}

===Uilleann pipes===

*Dave Williams (deceased)
*Joe Kennedy
*[[Geoff Wooff]]
*[[C.J. Dixon]]
*[[B.C. Childress]]
*[[Patrick O'Hare - Belfast]]
*[http://www.sethgallagher.com Seth Gallagher]
*[[Andreas Rogge]]
*[[Alain Froment]]
*[[Mickey Dunne]]
*Mark Hillmann
*David Daye
*David Quinn & Benedict Kohler
*[http://www.patricksky.com Pat Sky]
*[[Brendan Ring]]
*[[Nick Whitmer]]
*[[Leo Rowsome]] (deceased)
*[[Patsy Brown]] (deceased)
*[[Taylor brothers]] (deceased)
*[[Michael Vignoles]]
*[[Tim Britton]]

===Northumbrian pipes===

*[[Richard Evans]]

===Scottish Smallpipes===

*Garvie - http://garviebagpipes.co.uk
*Ebert Jones - http://www.piperjones.com
* Hamish Moore http://www.hamishmoore.musicscotland.com
*John Walsh http://www.hotpipes.com/walsh.html
*Nate Banton - http://www.elbowmusic.com
*Richard and Anita Evans - http://evansweb.co.uk
*Fred Morrison Smallpipes - http://www.fredmorrisonpipes.com
*Brian Mckay - http://www.MckayPipes.com
*Duncan & Gavin C MacDougall-www.macdougallbagpipes.com

===Cauld Wind Pipes===

* Moore, Hamish, Perthshire

===Transmontan bagpipes===

*[[Associação Gaita-de-fole]]

[[Category:Lists of people by occupation]]

===Lowland Pipes/Border Pipes===

*Hamish Moore - http://www.hamishmoore.musicscotland.com
*Garvie (Nigel Richards) - http://www.garviebagpipes.co.uk
*John Burke - http://www.borderpipe.com
*Richard and Anita Evans - http://evansweb.co.uk
*Nate Banton - http://www.elbowmusic.com
*Fred Morrison Reelpipes - http://www.fredmorrisonpipes.com

===French and German Pipes===

*Rémy Dubois - No working site (http://www.cornemuse.net)
*Bernard Blanc - http://www.pipeshow.net/bernard-blanc.htm
*Frans Hattink - http://www.hotpipes.com/frans.html
*Andreas Rogge -http://www.uilleann-pipes.de
*Alban Faust -http://www.albanfaust.se
*Jean-Sylvain Maître - No working website
*Yvon Lecoant - http://www.lecoant.com
*Serge Durin - http://www.pipeshow.net/musee-virtuel-serge_durin.htm
*Jon Swayne- http://www.pipeshow.net/musee-virtuel-jon-swayne.htm
*Bernard Jaquemin - http://www.pipeshow.net/bernard-jacquemin.htm

Archive:List of notable bagpipe makers

2008-07-16T18:10:51Z

64.9.63.48: /* Great Highland Bagpipe */ added Gillanders and McLeod info

===Great Highland Bagpipe===
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="175"|Principal(s)
!width="175"|Company Name
!width=”75”|Location
!width="50"|Status
!width=”55”|Website
|-
| Alexander, George || Unknown || London, England, then Isle of Wight (United Kingdom) || Closed as of 1990 || None
|-
| Atherton, David M. || D. M. Atherton Bagpipes Ltd.|| Naperville, Illinois (United States) || Active || http://www.dmatherton.com/
|- Booth David & Craig Booth. || David Booth Bagpipes. || Alva, Scotland. || Active. || None.

| Primarily Pakistani Products || Beginner Bagpipes || West Lothian, Scotland || active || http://www.beginnerbagpipes.co.uk/
|-
| Crisler, Peter W. || Peter's Pipes Inc. || Louisville, Kentucky (United States) || Active || http://home.insightbb.com/~pwwjcrisler/index.html
|-
| Dunbar, Jack || J. Dunbar Bagpipes Ltd. || St. Catherines, Ontario (Canada) || Active || http://www.dunbarbagpipes.com/
|-
| Gibson, Jerry || Gibson Bagpipes, Inc. || Willoughby, Ohio (United States) || Active || http://www.gibsonpipes.com/
|-
| Grainger, George and Neil Campbell || Grainger & Campbell || Glasgow, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Closed as of 1989 || None
|-
| Chalmers, Scott || Peter Henderson Bagpipes || Glasgow, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.rghardie.co.uk
|-
| Huggins, Murray || Colin Kyo Bagpipe Company || Medford, Oregon (United States) || Active || http://www.colinkyobagpipes.com/
|-
| Kron, Charley || C.E. Kron & Co. || Dobbs Ferry, New York (United States) || Active || http://www.cekron.com/
|-
| MacLellan, Roddy || MacLellan Bagpipe || Summerville, South Carolina (United States) || Active || http://www.highland-pipemaker.com/
|-
| MacLeod, Kenny and Stuart McCallum || McCallum Bagpipes Ltd. || Kilmarnock, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.mccallumbagpipes.com/
|-
| MacPherson, Hugh || Unknown || Scotland (United Kingdom) || Closed as of around 1990 || None
|-
| Murray, Ian D. || Ian Murray Bagpipes || Forfar, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.ianmurray-bagpipes.co.uk/
|-
| Cowell, Les & Martin || David Naill & Co. || Somerset, England (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.naill-bagpipes.com/
|-
| Richard Kean || RK Bagpipes || Texas, USA || Active || http://www.rkbagpipes.com/
|-
| Douglas Shepherd || RT Shepherd and Son (Scotland) Ltd. || Fife, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.shepherd-bagpipes.com/
|-
| Sinclair, Robert || || Leicester, England (United Kingdom) || ||
|-
| Sinclair, William || Wm. Sinclair & Son || Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.sinclair-bagpipes.co.uk/
|-
| Somers, Trewin || Somers Bagpipes || Calgary, Alberta (Canada) || Active || http://www.somersbagpipes.com/
|-
| Soutar, Duncan || Duncan Soutar of St. Andrews || St. Andrews, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.duncansoutarofstandrews.com/
|-
| Gillanders, Robert and Iain McLeod || Gillanders & McLeod Ltd. || Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.gandmbagpipes.co.uk/
|-
| Chalmers, Scott || R.G. Hardie & Co. Ltd. || Glasgow, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.rghardie.co.uk/
|-
| Unknown || Henderson || Unknown || Inactive || None
|-
| Unknown || Lawrie Bagpipes Limited || Castle Douglas, Scotland (United Kingdom) || Active || http://www.lawriebagpipes.com/
|-
| David Booth||Duncan MacDougall & Gavin C MacDougall || Aberfeldy, Scotland|| Active || www.macdougallbagpipes.com
|-
|}

===Uilleann pipes===

*Dave Williams (deceased)
*Joe Kennedy
*[[Geoff Wooff]]
*[[C.J. Dixon]]
*[[B.C. Childress]]
*[[Patrick O'Hare - Belfast]]
*[http://www.sethgallagher.com Seth Gallagher]
*[[Andreas Rogge]]
*[[Alain Froment]]
*[[Mickey Dunne]]
*Mark Hillmann
*David Daye
*David Quinn & Benedict Kohler
*[http://www.patricksky.com Pat Sky]
*[[Brendan Ring]]
*[[Nick Whitmer]]
*[[Leo Rowsome]] (deceased)
*[[Patsy Brown]] (deceased)
*[[Taylor brothers]] (deceased)
*[[Michael Vignoles]]
*[[Tim Britton]]

===Northumbrian pipes===

*[[Richard Evans]]

===Scottish Smallpipes===

*Garvie - http://garviebagpipes.co.uk
*Ebert Jones - http://www.piperjones.com
* Hamish Moore http://www.hamishmoore.musicscotland.com
*John Walsh http://www.hotpipes.com/walsh.html
*Nate Banton - http://www.elbowmusic.com
*Richard and Anita Evans - http://evansweb.co.uk
*Fred Morrison Smallpipes - http://www.fredmorrisonpipes.com
*Brian Mckay - http://www.MckayPipes.com
*Duncan & Gavin C MacDougall-www.macdougallbagpipes.com

===Cauld Wind Pipes===

* Moore, Hamish, Perthshire

===Transmontan bagpipes===

*[[Associação Gaita-de-fole]]

[[Category:Lists of people by occupation]]

===Lowland Pipes/Border Pipes===

*Hamish Moore - http://www.hamishmoore.musicscotland.com
*Garvie (Nigel Richards) - http://www.garviebagpipes.co.uk
*John Burke - http://www.borderpipe.com
*Richard and Anita Evans - http://evansweb.co.uk
*Nate Banton - http://www.elbowmusic.com
*Fred Morrison Reelpipes - http://www.fredmorrisonpipes.com

===French and German Pipes===

*Rémy Dubois - No working site (http://www.cornemuse.net)
*Bernard Blanc - http://www.pipeshow.net/bernard-blanc.htm
*Frans Hattink - http://www.hotpipes.com/frans.html
*Andreas Rogge -http://www.uilleann-pipes.de
*Alban Faust -http://www.albanfaust.se
*Jean-Sylvain Maître - No working website
*Yvon Lecoant - http://www.lecoant.com
*Serge Durin - http://www.pipeshow.net/musee-virtuel-serge_durin.htm
*Jon Swayne- http://www.pipeshow.net/musee-virtuel-jon-swayne.htm
*Bernard Jaquemin - http://www.pipeshow.net/bernard-jacquemin.htm

Archive:Aquamarine

2008-03-24T14:57:17Z

64.9.10.166: /* See also */

{{otheruses1|the mineral}}
{{Infobox mineral
| name = Aquamarine
| category = [[beryl]] variety
| boxwidth =
| boxbgcolor =
| image = Aquamarin cut.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Aquamarine
| formula = Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub><ref name="GRG"/>
| molweight =
| color = transparent (or can be translucent if included), greenish blue to blue green, typically light in tone<ref name="GRG">[[Gemological Institute of America]], ''GIA Gem Reference Guide'' 1995, ISBN:0-87311-019-6</ref>
| habit =
| system = [[hexagonal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
| twinning =
| cleavage = very difficult in one direction, almost never seen<ref name="GRG"/>
| fracture = [[conchoidal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
| mohs = 7.5 - 8<ref name="GRG"/>
| luster = [[vitreous]] to resinous<ref name="GRG"/>
| polish = [[vitreous]] <ref name="GRG"/>
| refractive = 1.577 - 1.583 (+/- .017)<ref name="GRG"/>
| opticalprop = Double refractive, uniaxial negative<ref name="GRG"/>
| birefringence = .005 - .009<ref name="GRG"/>
| dispersion = .014<ref name="GRG"/>
| pleochroism = weak to moderate, blue and greenish blue; or different tones of blue with lighter tones associated with the optic axis direction <ref name="GRG"/>
| fluorescence= inert<ref name="GRG"/>
| absorption = indistinct lines at 537 and 456nm. Depending on the depth of color, there is a strong line at 427nm.<ref name="GRG"/>
| streak =
| gravity = 2.72 (+.18, -.05)<ref name="GRG"/>
| density =
| melt =
| fusibility =
| diagnostic =
| solubility =
| diaphaneity =
| other =
}}
'''Aquamarine''' (Lat. ''aqua marinā'', "water of the sea") is a [[gemstone]]-quality transparent variety of [[beryl]], having a delicate blue or [[turquoise]] color, suggestive of the tint of [[seawater]]. It is closely related to the gem [[emerald]]. Colors vary and yellow beryl ([[heliodor]]), rose pink beryl ([[morganite]]), and white beryl ([[goshenite]]) are known.

==Composition==
Aquamarine is a beryl with a [[Hexagonal (crystal system)|hexagonal]] [[crystal structure]] and a [[chemical formula]] of Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>, a [[beryllium]] [[aluminium]] [[Silicate minerals|silicate mineral]]. It has a [[specific gravity]] of 2.68 to 2.74 and a [[Mohs hardness]] of from 7.5 to 8. Aquamarine typically is on the low end of the specific gravity range, normally at less than 2.7. The pink variety exhibits a high specific gravity of around 2.8. [[Refractive index|Refractive indices]] range around 1.57 to 1.58.

==Locations of deposits==
It occurs at most localities which yield ordinary beryl, some of the finest coming from [[Russia]]. The gem-gravel [[Placer mining|placer]] deposits of [[Sri Lanka]] contain aquamarine. Clear yellow beryl, such as occurs in [[Brazil]], is sometimes called aquamarine chrysolite. When [[corundum]] presents the bluish tint of typical aquamarine, it is often termed Oriental aquamarine.

In the [[United States]], aquamarines can be found at the summit of [[Mount Antero|Mt. Antero]] in the [[Sawatch Range]] in central [[Colorado]]. In [[Brazil]], there are mines in the states of [[Minas Gerais]], [[Espírito Santo]] and [[Bahia]]. Zambia, Madagascar, Malawi, Tanzania and Kenya also produce aquamarine.

The biggest aquamarine ever mined was found at the city of Marambaia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 1910. It weighed over 110 kg, and its dimensions were 48.5 cm long and 42 cm in diameter.

Aquamarine is the [[List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones|official state gem]] of Colorado and Missouri.

==Culture and historical/mythical usage==
*Aquamarine (along with [[Heliotrope (mineral)|bloodstone]]) is the [[birthstone]] associated with [[March (month)|March]]. It is also the gemstone for the 19th Anniversary.
*People in the [[Middle Ages]] thought that aquamarine could magically overcome the effects of [[poison]].
*Ancient sailors traveled with aquamarine crystals, believing that it would ensure a safe passage, and guarantee a safe return; they often slept with the stones under their pillow to ensure sound sleep. They believed the siren’s ([[mermaid]]) fish-like lower body was made of aquamarine.

== See also ==
[[Image:Beryl09.jpg|thumb|left|Three Beryl Crystals - Aquamarine rough crystal in the center]]
{{commonscat|Aquamarine}} fuck
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
* [[List of minerals]]

== References ==
<references/>
* Weinstein, Michael, 1958, ''The World of Jewel Stones'' Sheriden House, New York, pp 104-107
* Diamond Bug. [http://diamondbug.blogspot.com/2006/03/flawless-aquamarine-march-birthstone.html "Flawless Aquamarine: March Birthstone"]. Retrieved March 16, 2006.
*http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/aquamarine.html
*http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/gemstone/aquamari/aquamari.htm
*http://www.mindat.org/min-289.html

{{Jewellery Materials}}
{{Gems & Crystals}}
[[Category:Silicate minerals]]
[[Category:Gemstones]]

[[bg:Аквамарин]]
[[cs:Akvamarín]]
[[da:Akvamarin]]
[[de:Aquamarin]]
[[et:Akvamariin]]
[[es:Aguamarina]]
[[fr:Aigue-marine]]
[[gl:Augamariña]]
[[he:תרשיש (אבן חן)]]
[[lv:Akvamarīns]]
[[lt:Akvamarinas]]
[[nl:Aquamarijn]]
[[ja:アクアマリン]]
[[no:Akvamarin]]
[[pl:Akwamaryn]]
[[pt:Água-marinha]]
[[ro:Acvamarin]]
[[ru:Аквамарин]]
[[sl:Akvamarin (kamen)]]
[[sr:Аквамарин]]
[[fi:Akvamariini]]
[[sv:Akvamarin]]
[[vi:Ngọc berin]]
[[tr:Akuamarin]]
[[uk:Аквамарин]]

Archive:Aquamarine

2008-03-24T14:56:25Z

64.9.10.166: /* Locations of deposits */

{{otheruses1|the mineral}}
{{Infobox mineral
| name = Aquamarine
| category = [[beryl]] variety
| boxwidth =
| boxbgcolor =
| image = Aquamarin cut.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Aquamarine
| formula = Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub><ref name="GRG"/>
| molweight =
| color = transparent (or can be translucent if included), greenish blue to blue green, typically light in tone<ref name="GRG">[[Gemological Institute of America]], ''GIA Gem Reference Guide'' 1995, ISBN:0-87311-019-6</ref>
| habit =
| system = [[hexagonal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
| twinning =
| cleavage = very difficult in one direction, almost never seen<ref name="GRG"/>
| fracture = [[conchoidal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
| mohs = 7.5 - 8<ref name="GRG"/>
| luster = [[vitreous]] to resinous<ref name="GRG"/>
| polish = [[vitreous]] <ref name="GRG"/>
| refractive = 1.577 - 1.583 (+/- .017)<ref name="GRG"/>
| opticalprop = Double refractive, uniaxial negative<ref name="GRG"/>
| birefringence = .005 - .009<ref name="GRG"/>
| dispersion = .014<ref name="GRG"/>
| pleochroism = weak to moderate, blue and greenish blue; or different tones of blue with lighter tones associated with the optic axis direction <ref name="GRG"/>
| fluorescence= inert<ref name="GRG"/>
| absorption = indistinct lines at 537 and 456nm. Depending on the depth of color, there is a strong line at 427nm.<ref name="GRG"/>
| streak =
| gravity = 2.72 (+.18, -.05)<ref name="GRG"/>
| density =
| melt =
| fusibility =
| diagnostic =
| solubility =
| diaphaneity =
| other =
}}
'''Aquamarine''' (Lat. ''aqua marinā'', "water of the sea") is a [[gemstone]]-quality transparent variety of [[beryl]], having a delicate blue or [[turquoise]] color, suggestive of the tint of [[seawater]]. It is closely related to the gem [[emerald]]. Colors vary and yellow beryl ([[heliodor]]), rose pink beryl ([[morganite]]), and white beryl ([[goshenite]]) are known.

==Composition==
Aquamarine is a beryl with a [[Hexagonal (crystal system)|hexagonal]] [[crystal structure]] and a [[chemical formula]] of Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>, a [[beryllium]] [[aluminium]] [[Silicate minerals|silicate mineral]]. It has a [[specific gravity]] of 2.68 to 2.74 and a [[Mohs hardness]] of from 7.5 to 8. Aquamarine typically is on the low end of the specific gravity range, normally at less than 2.7. The pink variety exhibits a high specific gravity of around 2.8. [[Refractive index|Refractive indices]] range around 1.57 to 1.58.

==Locations of deposits==
It occurs at most localities which yield ordinary beryl, some of the finest coming from [[Russia]]. The gem-gravel [[Placer mining|placer]] deposits of [[Sri Lanka]] contain aquamarine. Clear yellow beryl, such as occurs in [[Brazil]], is sometimes called aquamarine chrysolite. When [[corundum]] presents the bluish tint of typical aquamarine, it is often termed Oriental aquamarine.

In the [[United States]], aquamarines can be found at the summit of [[Mount Antero|Mt. Antero]] in the [[Sawatch Range]] in central [[Colorado]]. In [[Brazil]], there are mines in the states of [[Minas Gerais]], [[Espírito Santo]] and [[Bahia]]. Zambia, Madagascar, Malawi, Tanzania and Kenya also produce aquamarine.

The biggest aquamarine ever mined was found at the city of Marambaia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 1910. It weighed over 110 kg, and its dimensions were 48.5 cm long and 42 cm in diameter.

Aquamarine is the [[List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones|official state gem]] of Colorado and Missouri. also found in my butt hole

==Culture and historical/mythical usage==
*Aquamarine (along with [[Heliotrope (mineral)|bloodstone]]) is the [[birthstone]] associated with [[March (month)|March]]. It is also the gemstone for the 19th Anniversary.
*People in the [[Middle Ages]] thought that aquamarine could magically overcome the effects of [[poison]].
*Ancient sailors traveled with aquamarine crystals, believing that it would ensure a safe passage, and guarantee a safe return; they often slept with the stones under their pillow to ensure sound sleep. They believed the siren’s ([[mermaid]]) fish-like lower body was made of aquamarine.

== See also ==
[[Image:Beryl09.jpg|thumb|left|Three Beryl Crystals - Aquamarine rough crystal in the center]]
{{commonscat|Aquamarine}}
* [[List of minerals]]

== References ==
<references/>
* Weinstein, Michael, 1958, ''The World of Jewel Stones'' Sheriden House, New York, pp 104-107
* Diamond Bug. [http://diamondbug.blogspot.com/2006/03/flawless-aquamarine-march-birthstone.html "Flawless Aquamarine: March Birthstone"]. Retrieved March 16, 2006.
*http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/aquamarine.html
*http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/gemstone/aquamari/aquamari.htm
*http://www.mindat.org/min-289.html

{{Jewellery Materials}}
{{Gems & Crystals}}
[[Category:Silicate minerals]]
[[Category:Gemstones]]

[[bg:Аквамарин]]
[[cs:Akvamarín]]
[[da:Akvamarin]]
[[de:Aquamarin]]
[[et:Akvamariin]]
[[es:Aguamarina]]
[[fr:Aigue-marine]]
[[gl:Augamariña]]
[[he:תרשיש (אבן חן)]]
[[lv:Akvamarīns]]
[[lt:Akvamarinas]]
[[nl:Aquamarijn]]
[[ja:アクアマリン]]
[[no:Akvamarin]]
[[pl:Akwamaryn]]
[[pt:Água-marinha]]
[[ro:Acvamarin]]
[[ru:Аквамарин]]
[[sl:Akvamarin (kamen)]]
[[sr:Аквамарин]]
[[fi:Akvamariini]]
[[sv:Akvamarin]]
[[vi:Ngọc berin]]
[[tr:Akuamarin]]
[[uk:Аквамарин]]

Archive:Aquamarine

2008-03-24T14:54:33Z

64.9.10.166: /* Culture and historical/mythical usage */

{{otheruses1|the mineral}}
{{Infobox mineral
| name = Aquamarine
| category = [[beryl]] variety
| boxwidth =
| boxbgcolor =
| image = Aquamarin cut.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Aquamarine
| formula = Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub><ref name="GRG"/>
| molweight =
| color = transparent (or can be translucent if included), greenish blue to blue green, typically light in tone<ref name="GRG">[[Gemological Institute of America]], ''GIA Gem Reference Guide'' 1995, ISBN:0-87311-019-6</ref>
| habit =
| system = [[hexagonal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
| twinning =
| cleavage = very difficult in one direction, almost never seen<ref name="GRG"/>
| fracture = [[conchoidal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
| mohs = 7.5 - 8<ref name="GRG"/>
| luster = [[vitreous]] to resinous<ref name="GRG"/>
| polish = [[vitreous]] <ref name="GRG"/>
| refractive = 1.577 - 1.583 (+/- .017)<ref name="GRG"/>
| opticalprop = Double refractive, uniaxial negative<ref name="GRG"/>
| birefringence = .005 - .009<ref name="GRG"/>
| dispersion = .014<ref name="GRG"/>
| pleochroism = weak to moderate, blue and greenish blue; or different tones of blue with lighter tones associated with the optic axis direction <ref name="GRG"/>
| fluorescence= inert<ref name="GRG"/>
| absorption = indistinct lines at 537 and 456nm. Depending on the depth of color, there is a strong line at 427nm.<ref name="GRG"/>
| streak =
| gravity = 2.72 (+.18, -.05)<ref name="GRG"/>
| density =
| melt =
| fusibility =
| diagnostic =
| solubility =
| diaphaneity =
| other =
}}
'''Aquamarine''' (Lat. ''aqua marinā'', "water of the sea") is a [[gemstone]]-quality transparent variety of [[beryl]], having a delicate blue or [[turquoise]] color, suggestive of the tint of [[seawater]]. It is closely related to the gem [[emerald]]. Colors vary and yellow beryl ([[heliodor]]), rose pink beryl ([[morganite]]), and white beryl ([[goshenite]]) are known.

==Composition==
Aquamarine is a beryl with a [[Hexagonal (crystal system)|hexagonal]] [[crystal structure]] and a [[chemical formula]] of Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>, a [[beryllium]] [[aluminium]] [[Silicate minerals|silicate mineral]]. It has a [[specific gravity]] of 2.68 to 2.74 and a [[Mohs hardness]] of from 7.5 to 8. Aquamarine typically is on the low end of the specific gravity range, normally at less than 2.7. The pink variety exhibits a high specific gravity of around 2.8. [[Refractive index|Refractive indices]] range around 1.57 to 1.58.

==Locations of deposits==
It occurs at most localities which yield ordinary beryl, some of the finest coming from [[Russia]]. The gem-gravel [[Placer mining|placer]] deposits of [[Sri Lanka]] contain aquamarine. Clear yellow beryl, such as occurs in [[Brazil]], is sometimes called aquamarine chrysolite. When [[corundum]] presents the bluish tint of typical aquamarine, it is often termed Oriental aquamarine.

In the [[United States]], aquamarines can be found at the summit of [[Mount Antero|Mt. Antero]] in the [[Sawatch Range]] in central [[Colorado]]. In [[Brazil]], there are mines in the states of [[Minas Gerais]], [[Espírito Santo]] and [[Bahia]]. Zambia, Madagascar, Malawi, Tanzania and Kenya also produce aquamarine.

The biggest aquamarine ever mined was found at the city of Marambaia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 1910. It weighed over 110 kg, and its dimensions were 48.5 cm long and 42 cm in diameter.

Aquamarine is the [[List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones|official state gem]] of Colorado and Missouri.

==Culture and historical/mythical usage==
*Aquamarine (along with [[Heliotrope (mineral)|bloodstone]]) is the [[birthstone]] associated with [[March (month)|March]]. It is also the gemstone for the 19th Anniversary.
*People in the [[Middle Ages] also found while having sex] thought that aquamarine could magically overcome the effects of [[poison]].
*Ancient sailors traveled with aquamarine crystals, believing that it would ensure a safe passage, and guarantee a safe return; they often slept with the stones under their pillow to ensure sound sleep. They believed the siren’s ([[mermaid]]) fish-like lower body was made of aquamarine.

== See also ==
[[Image:Beryl09.jpg|thumb|left|Three Beryl Crystals - Aquamarine rough crystal in the center]]
{{commonscat|Aquamarine}}
* [[List of minerals]]

== References ==
<references/>
* Weinstein, Michael, 1958, ''The World of Jewel Stones'' Sheriden House, New York, pp 104-107
* Diamond Bug. [http://diamondbug.blogspot.com/2006/03/flawless-aquamarine-march-birthstone.html "Flawless Aquamarine: March Birthstone"]. Retrieved March 16, 2006.
*http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/aquamarine.html
*http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/gemstone/aquamari/aquamari.htm
*http://www.mindat.org/min-289.html

{{Jewellery Materials}}
{{Gems & Crystals}}
[[Category:Silicate minerals]]
[[Category:Gemstones]]

[[bg:Аквамарин]]
[[cs:Akvamarín]]
[[da:Akvamarin]]
[[de:Aquamarin]]
[[et:Akvamariin]]
[[es:Aguamarina]]
[[fr:Aigue-marine]]
[[gl:Augamariña]]
[[he:תרשיש (אבן חן)]]
[[lv:Akvamarīns]]
[[lt:Akvamarinas]]
[[nl:Aquamarijn]]
[[ja:アクアマリン]]
[[no:Akvamarin]]
[[pl:Akwamaryn]]
[[pt:Água-marinha]]
[[ro:Acvamarin]]
[[ru:Аквамарин]]
[[sl:Akvamarin (kamen)]]
[[sr:Аквамарин]]
[[fi:Akvamariini]]
[[sv:Akvamarin]]
[[vi:Ngọc berin]]
[[tr:Akuamarin]]
[[uk:Аквамарин]]

Archive:Aquamarine

2008-03-24T14:51:09Z

64.9.10.166: /* See also */

{{otheruses1|the mineral}}
{{Infobox mineral
| name = Aquamarine
| category = [[beryl]] variety
| boxwidth =
| boxbgcolor =
| image = Aquamarin cut.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Aquamarine
| formula = Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub><ref name="GRG"/>
| molweight =
| color = transparent (or can be translucent if included), greenish blue to blue green, typically light in tone<ref name="GRG">[[Gemological Institute of America]], ''GIA Gem Reference Guide'' 1995, ISBN:0-87311-019-6</ref>
| habit =
| system = [[hexagonal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
| twinning =
| cleavage = very difficult in one direction, almost never seen<ref name="GRG"/>
| fracture = [[conchoidal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
| mohs = 7.5 - 8<ref name="GRG"/>
| luster = [[vitreous]] to resinous<ref name="GRG"/>
| polish = [[vitreous]] <ref name="GRG"/>
| refractive = 1.577 - 1.583 (+/- .017)<ref name="GRG"/>
| opticalprop = Double refractive, uniaxial negative<ref name="GRG"/>
| birefringence = .005 - .009<ref name="GRG"/>
| dispersion = .014<ref name="GRG"/>
| pleochroism = weak to moderate, blue and greenish blue; or different tones of blue with lighter tones associated with the optic axis direction <ref name="GRG"/>
| fluorescence= inert<ref name="GRG"/>
| absorption = indistinct lines at 537 and 456nm. Depending on the depth of color, there is a strong line at 427nm.<ref name="GRG"/>
| streak =
| gravity = 2.72 (+.18, -.05)<ref name="GRG"/>
| density =
| melt =
| fusibility =
| diagnostic =
| solubility =
| diaphaneity =
| other =
}}
'''Aquamarine''' (Lat. ''aqua marinā'', "water of the sea") is a [[gemstone]]-quality transparent variety of [[beryl]], having a delicate blue or [[turquoise]] color, suggestive of the tint of [[seawater]]. It is closely related to the gem [[emerald]]. Colors vary and yellow beryl ([[heliodor]]), rose pink beryl ([[morganite]]), and white beryl ([[goshenite]]) are known.

==Composition==
Aquamarine is a beryl with a [[Hexagonal (crystal system)|hexagonal]] [[crystal structure]] and a [[chemical formula]] of Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>, a [[beryllium]] [[aluminium]] [[Silicate minerals|silicate mineral]]. It has a [[specific gravity]] of 2.68 to 2.74 and a [[Mohs hardness]] of from 7.5 to 8. Aquamarine typically is on the low end of the specific gravity range, normally at less than 2.7. The pink variety exhibits a high specific gravity of around 2.8. [[Refractive index|Refractive indices]] range around 1.57 to 1.58.

==Locations of deposits==
It occurs at most localities which yield ordinary beryl, some of the finest coming from [[Russia]]. The gem-gravel [[Placer mining|placer]] deposits of [[Sri Lanka]] contain aquamarine. Clear yellow beryl, such as occurs in [[Brazil]], is sometimes called aquamarine chrysolite. When [[corundum]] presents the bluish tint of typical aquamarine, it is often

==Culture and historical/mythical usage==
*Aquamarine (along with [[Heliotrope (mineral)|bloodstone]]) is the [[birthstone]] associated with [[March (month)|March]]. It is also the gemstone for the 19th Anniversary.
*People in the [[Middle Ages]] thought that aquamarine could magically overcome the effects of [[poison]].
*Ancient sailors traveled with aquamarine crystals, believing that it would ensure a safe passage, and guarantee a safe return; they often slept with the stones under their pillow to ensure sound sleep. They believed the siren’s ([[mermaid]]) fish-like lower body was made of aquamarine.
suck dick

== See also ==
[[Image:Beryl09.jpg|thumb|left|Three Beryl Crystals - Aquamarine rough crystal in the center]]
{{commonscat|Aquamarine}}
* [[List of minerals]]
ashley has nice tits

== References ==
<references/>
* Weinstein, Michael, 1958, ''The World of Jewel Stones'' Sheriden House, New York, pp 104-107
* Diamond Bug. [http://diamondbug.blogspot.com/2006/03/flawless-aquamarine-march-birthstone.html "Flawless Aquamarine: March Birthstone"]. Retrieved March 16, 2006.
*http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/aquamarine.html
*http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/gemstone/aquamari/aquamari.htm
*http://www.mindat.org/min-289.html

{{Jewellery Materials}}
{{Gems & Crystals}}
[[Category:Silicate minerals]]
[[Category:Gemstones]]

[[bg:Аквамарин]]
[[cs:Akvamarín]]
[[da:Akvamarin]]
[[de:Aquamarin]]
[[et:Akvamariin]]
[[es:Aguamarina]]
[[fr:Aigue-marine]]
[[gl:Augamariña]]
[[he:תרשיש (אבן חן)]]
[[lv:Akvamarīns]]
[[lt:Akvamarinas]]
[[nl:Aquamarijn]]
[[ja:アクアマリン]]
[[no:Akvamarin]]
[[pl:Akwamaryn]]
[[pt:Água-marinha]]
[[ro:Acvamarin]]
[[ru:Аквамарин]]
[[sl:Akvamarin (kamen)]]
[[sr:Аквамарин]]
[[fi:Akvamariini]]
[[sv:Akvamarin]]
[[vi:Ngọc berin]]
[[tr:Akuamarin]]
[[uk:Аквамарин]]

Archive:Aquamarine

2008-03-24T14:49:40Z

64.9.10.166: /* Culture and historical/mythical usage */

{{otheruses1|the mineral}}
{{Infobox mineral
| name = Aquamarine
| category = [[beryl]] variety
| boxwidth =
| boxbgcolor =
| image = Aquamarin cut.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Aquamarine
| formula = Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub><ref name="GRG"/>
| molweight =
| color = transparent (or can be translucent if included), greenish blue to blue green, typically light in tone<ref name="GRG">[[Gemological Institute of America]], ''GIA Gem Reference Guide'' 1995, ISBN:0-87311-019-6</ref>
| habit =
| system = [[hexagonal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
| twinning =
| cleavage = very difficult in one direction, almost never seen<ref name="GRG"/>
| fracture = [[conchoidal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
| mohs = 7.5 - 8<ref name="GRG"/>
| luster = [[vitreous]] to resinous<ref name="GRG"/>
| polish = [[vitreous]] <ref name="GRG"/>
| refractive = 1.577 - 1.583 (+/- .017)<ref name="GRG"/>
| opticalprop = Double refractive, uniaxial negative<ref name="GRG"/>
| birefringence = .005 - .009<ref name="GRG"/>
| dispersion = .014<ref name="GRG"/>
| pleochroism = weak to moderate, blue and greenish blue; or different tones of blue with lighter tones associated with the optic axis direction <ref name="GRG"/>
| fluorescence= inert<ref name="GRG"/>
| absorption = indistinct lines at 537 and 456nm. Depending on the depth of color, there is a strong line at 427nm.<ref name="GRG"/>
| streak =
| gravity = 2.72 (+.18, -.05)<ref name="GRG"/>
| density =
| melt =
| fusibility =
| diagnostic =
| solubility =
| diaphaneity =
| other =
}}
'''Aquamarine''' (Lat. ''aqua marinā'', "water of the sea") is a [[gemstone]]-quality transparent variety of [[beryl]], having a delicate blue or [[turquoise]] color, suggestive of the tint of [[seawater]]. It is closely related to the gem [[emerald]]. Colors vary and yellow beryl ([[heliodor]]), rose pink beryl ([[morganite]]), and white beryl ([[goshenite]]) are known.

==Composition==
Aquamarine is a beryl with a [[Hexagonal (crystal system)|hexagonal]] [[crystal structure]] and a [[chemical formula]] of Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>, a [[beryllium]] [[aluminium]] [[Silicate minerals|silicate mineral]]. It has a [[specific gravity]] of 2.68 to 2.74 and a [[Mohs hardness]] of from 7.5 to 8. Aquamarine typically is on the low end of the specific gravity range, normally at less than 2.7. The pink variety exhibits a high specific gravity of around 2.8. [[Refractive index|Refractive indices]] range around 1.57 to 1.58.

==Locations of deposits==
It occurs at most localities which yield ordinary beryl, some of the finest coming from [[Russia]]. The gem-gravel [[Placer mining|placer]] deposits of [[Sri Lanka]] contain aquamarine. Clear yellow beryl, such as occurs in [[Brazil]], is sometimes called aquamarine chrysolite. When [[corundum]] presents the bluish tint of typical aquamarine, it is often

==Culture and historical/mythical usage==
*Aquamarine (along with [[Heliotrope (mineral)|bloodstone]]) is the [[birthstone]] associated with [[March (month)|March]]. It is also the gemstone for the 19th Anniversary.
*People in the [[Middle Ages]] thought that aquamarine could magically overcome the effects of [[poison]].
*Ancient sailors traveled with aquamarine crystals, believing that it would ensure a safe passage, and guarantee a safe return; they often slept with the stones under their pillow to ensure sound sleep. They believed the siren’s ([[mermaid]]) fish-like lower body was made of aquamarine.
suck dick

== See also ==
[[Image:Beryl09.jpg|thumb|left|Three Beryl Crystals - Aquamarine rough crystal in the center]]
{{commonscat|Aquamarine}}
* [[List of minerals]]

== References ==
<references/>
* Weinstein, Michael, 1958, ''The World of Jewel Stones'' Sheriden House, New York, pp 104-107
* Diamond Bug. [http://diamondbug.blogspot.com/2006/03/flawless-aquamarine-march-birthstone.html "Flawless Aquamarine: March Birthstone"]. Retrieved March 16, 2006.
*http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/aquamarine.html
*http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/gemstone/aquamari/aquamari.htm
*http://www.mindat.org/min-289.html

{{Jewellery Materials}}
{{Gems & Crystals}}
[[Category:Silicate minerals]]
[[Category:Gemstones]]

[[bg:Аквамарин]]
[[cs:Akvamarín]]
[[da:Akvamarin]]
[[de:Aquamarin]]
[[et:Akvamariin]]
[[es:Aguamarina]]
[[fr:Aigue-marine]]
[[gl:Augamariña]]
[[he:תרשיש (אבן חן)]]
[[lv:Akvamarīns]]
[[lt:Akvamarinas]]
[[nl:Aquamarijn]]
[[ja:アクアマリン]]
[[no:Akvamarin]]
[[pl:Akwamaryn]]
[[pt:Água-marinha]]
[[ro:Acvamarin]]
[[ru:Аквамарин]]
[[sl:Akvamarin (kamen)]]
[[sr:Аквамарин]]
[[fi:Akvamariini]]
[[sv:Akvamarin]]
[[vi:Ngọc berin]]
[[tr:Akuamarin]]
[[uk:Аквамарин]]

Archive:Aquamarine

2008-03-24T14:49:15Z

64.9.10.166: /* Locations of deposits */

{{otheruses1|the mineral}}
{{Infobox mineral
| name = Aquamarine
| category = [[beryl]] variety
| boxwidth =
| boxbgcolor =
| image = Aquamarin cut.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| caption = Aquamarine
| formula = Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub><ref name="GRG"/>
| molweight =
| color = transparent (or can be translucent if included), greenish blue to blue green, typically light in tone<ref name="GRG">[[Gemological Institute of America]], ''GIA Gem Reference Guide'' 1995, ISBN:0-87311-019-6</ref>
| habit =
| system = [[hexagonal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
| twinning =
| cleavage = very difficult in one direction, almost never seen<ref name="GRG"/>
| fracture = [[conchoidal]]<ref name="GRG"/>
| mohs = 7.5 - 8<ref name="GRG"/>
| luster = [[vitreous]] to resinous<ref name="GRG"/>
| polish = [[vitreous]] <ref name="GRG"/>
| refractive = 1.577 - 1.583 (+/- .017)<ref name="GRG"/>
| opticalprop = Double refractive, uniaxial negative<ref name="GRG"/>
| birefringence = .005 - .009<ref name="GRG"/>
| dispersion = .014<ref name="GRG"/>
| pleochroism = weak to moderate, blue and greenish blue; or different tones of blue with lighter tones associated with the optic axis direction <ref name="GRG"/>
| fluorescence= inert<ref name="GRG"/>
| absorption = indistinct lines at 537 and 456nm. Depending on the depth of color, there is a strong line at 427nm.<ref name="GRG"/>
| streak =
| gravity = 2.72 (+.18, -.05)<ref name="GRG"/>
| density =
| melt =
| fusibility =
| diagnostic =
| solubility =
| diaphaneity =
| other =
}}
'''Aquamarine''' (Lat. ''aqua marinā'', "water of the sea") is a [[gemstone]]-quality transparent variety of [[beryl]], having a delicate blue or [[turquoise]] color, suggestive of the tint of [[seawater]]. It is closely related to the gem [[emerald]]. Colors vary and yellow beryl ([[heliodor]]), rose pink beryl ([[morganite]]), and white beryl ([[goshenite]]) are known.

==Composition==
Aquamarine is a beryl with a [[Hexagonal (crystal system)|hexagonal]] [[crystal structure]] and a [[chemical formula]] of Be<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>, a [[beryllium]] [[aluminium]] [[Silicate minerals|silicate mineral]]. It has a [[specific gravity]] of 2.68 to 2.74 and a [[Mohs hardness]] of from 7.5 to 8. Aquamarine typically is on the low end of the specific gravity range, normally at less than 2.7. The pink variety exhibits a high specific gravity of around 2.8. [[Refractive index|Refractive indices]] range around 1.57 to 1.58.

==Locations of deposits==
It occurs at most localities which yield ordinary beryl, some of the finest coming from [[Russia]]. The gem-gravel [[Placer mining|placer]] deposits of [[Sri Lanka]] contain aquamarine. Clear yellow beryl, such as occurs in [[Brazil]], is sometimes called aquamarine chrysolite. When [[corundum]] presents the bluish tint of typical aquamarine, it is often

==Culture and historical/mythical usage==
*Aquamarine (along with [[Heliotrope (mineral)|bloodstone]]) is the [[birthstone]] associated with [[March (month)|March]]. It is also the gemstone for the 19th Anniversary.
*People in the [[Middle Ages]] thought that aquamarine could magically overcome the effects of [[poison]].
*Ancient sailors traveled with aquamarine crystals, believing that it would ensure a safe passage, and guarantee a safe return; they often slept with the stones under their pillow to ensure sound sleep. They believed the siren’s ([[mermaid]]) fish-like lower body was made of aquamarine.

== See also ==
[[Image:Beryl09.jpg|thumb|left|Three Beryl Crystals - Aquamarine rough crystal in the center]]
{{commonscat|Aquamarine}}
* [[List of minerals]]

== References ==
<references/>
* Weinstein, Michael, 1958, ''The World of Jewel Stones'' Sheriden House, New York, pp 104-107
* Diamond Bug. [http://diamondbug.blogspot.com/2006/03/flawless-aquamarine-march-birthstone.html "Flawless Aquamarine: March Birthstone"]. Retrieved March 16, 2006.
*http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/aquamarine.html
*http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/gemstone/aquamari/aquamari.htm
*http://www.mindat.org/min-289.html

{{Jewellery Materials}}
{{Gems & Crystals}}
[[Category:Silicate minerals]]
[[Category:Gemstones]]

[[bg:Аквамарин]]
[[cs:Akvamarín]]
[[da:Akvamarin]]
[[de:Aquamarin]]
[[et:Akvamariin]]
[[es:Aguamarina]]
[[fr:Aigue-marine]]
[[gl:Augamariña]]
[[he:תרשיש (אבן חן)]]
[[lv:Akvamarīns]]
[[lt:Akvamarinas]]
[[nl:Aquamarijn]]
[[ja:アクアマリン]]
[[no:Akvamarin]]
[[pl:Akwamaryn]]
[[pt:Água-marinha]]
[[ro:Acvamarin]]
[[ru:Аквамарин]]
[[sl:Akvamarin (kamen)]]
[[sr:Аквамарин]]
[[fi:Akvamariini]]
[[sv:Akvamarin]]
[[vi:Ngọc berin]]
[[tr:Akuamarin]]
[[uk:Аквамарин]]

Archive:More about language

2007-01-04T14:24:04Z

64.9.53.34: edited grammar of intro paragraph - removed 'discuss about' and 'share knowledges'

<div style="margin-top:-3px; margin-bottom:0.3em; text-align: center; font-size: 98%;">
<center>'''[[Portal:Humanities|F<small>ACULTY FOR</small> H<small>UMANITIES</small>]]'''</center>
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<div style="font-size:133%;border:none;margin: 0;padding:.1em;color:#000">'''W<small>ELCOME TO</small> S<small>CHOOL OF</small><br>L<small>ANGUAGE AND</small> L<small>ITERATURE</small>,'''</div>
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<div style="width:100%;text-align:center;font-size:80%;">You may also be interested in [[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]].</div>
|}
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|style="width:10%;font-size:95%";color:#000"|
[[Image:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|center|50px|Language and Literature]]
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<div style="display:block;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;vertical-align: top;width:99%; background-color:#f9f9ff;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:5px;padding-left:5px;padding-right:4px;">
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Science that studies the structure of a language and its development is called ''[[w:linguistics|linguistics]]''. Wikiversity's [[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]] is part of the Faculty of [[Portal:Social Sciences|Social Sciences]].
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<h2 style="padding:3px; background:#aaccff; color:#000; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">School history</h2 >
[[Image:P literature.png|right|60px|History]]
The School of Literature and English Studies was founded within the Wikiversity's Department of Humanities on 15 July 2004, in the time when Wikiversity was still part of the [[:b:|Wikibooks]] project. Eventually, it became one of the most developed of Wikiversity's schools.

On 30 March 2005, the School of Foreign Language Learning was founded within the Department of Practical Arts and Sciences, though it failed to organize or function adequately.

Soon after the Wikiversity became a separate Wikimedia project, these two schools were merged together, creating the School of Language and Literature, as part of the Faculty of Humanities.
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[[Image:VukKaradzic.jpg|right|100px|Vuk Stefanović Karadžić]] '''Vuk Stefanović Karadžić''' (1787-1864) was one the most prominent Serbian linguists. He reformed the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by applying the principles ''one letter per one sound'' and ''write as you speak'', and realized the idea of introducing the spoken language into the Serbian literature. He was collecting and publishing Serbian folk stories and poems. His major books were ''Serbian Dictionary'' and ''Serbian Grammar'', both published together in 1818, in which he for first time used the reformed alphabet. Although there were some opponents of Vuk's language reform, his principles were finally accepted and realized in Serbian literature and linguistics. Vuk's language was a base upon which the modern Serbian standard language was developed.

:'''[[:w:Vuk Stefanović Karadžić|read more...]]'''
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<h2 style="padding:3px; background:#aaccff; color:#000; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">Quote</h2 >
[[Image:Nuvola apps edu languages.png|right|44px|Quotation]]
"Language is guardian of a nation. As long as the language exists, as long as we keep it, love it, and respect it, as long as we write in it and speak it; the nation exists as well, and it doesn't flow over into another one, nor it will disappear."<br>
— ''Vuk St. Karadzic, Serbian slavicist''
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<h2 style="padding:3px; background:#aaccff; color:#000; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">Related schools</h2 >
{| style="width:100%;border:solid 0px #FFFFFF;background-color:transparent;align:center;padding:0px;padding-top:1em;" cellspacing="0px;"
|-
| style="width:50%;align:center;" |
<div align="center">[[Image:Nuvola apps kmessedwords.png|55px|Linguistics]]</div>
| style="width:50%;align:center;" |
<div align="center">[[Image:P philosophy.png|66px|Classics]]</div>
|-
! style="text-align:center;width:33%"|'''[[School:Linguistics|Linguistics]]'''
! style="text-align:center;width:33%"|'''[[School:Classics|Classics]]'''
|-
| style="width:50%;align:center;" |
<div align="center">[[Image:Nuvola apps kuser.png|55px|Humanities]]</div>
| style="width:50%;align:center;" |
<div align="center">[[Image:Nuvola apps kfm home.png|55px|Social Sciences]]</div>
|-
! style="text-align:center;width:33%"|'''[[Portal:Humanities|Humanities]]'''
! style="text-align:center;width:33%"|'''[[Portal:Social Sciences|Social Sciences]]'''
|}
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<h2 style="padding:3px; background:#aaccff; color:#000; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">Divisions and subdivisions</h2 >
[[Image:Nuvola apps ksig.png|right|50px|Writing]]
<br />
<br />
{| align="center"
|style="font-size:95%;color:#000"|
:'''[[Topic:Literary Studies|Literary studies]]'''
|style="font-size:95%;color:#000"|
:'''[[Topic:Foreign Language Learning|Foreign languages learning]]'''
|style="font-size:95%;color:#000"|
:'''[[Topic:English Language|English language]]'''
|}
{| align="center"
|style="font-size:85%;color:#000"|
#[[Portal:Writing Center|Writing]]
#[[Topic:History of literature|History]]
|style="font-size:85%;color:#000"|
#[[Portal:Slavistics|Slavic]]
#[[Topic:French|French]]
#[[Topic:German|German]]
#[[Topic:Tolkien Languages|Tolkien]]
#[[Topic:Arabic|Arabic]]
|style="font-size:85%;color:#000"|
#[[20th Century British Novel|British novel]]
#[[20th Century British Poetry|British poetry]]
#[[20th Century American Poetry|American poetry]]
|}
*[[School:Language and Literature/Catalogue|List of all projects and courses offered]]
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<h2 style="padding:3px; background:#aaccff; color:#000; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">Did you know...</h2 >
[[Image:Nuvola apps kfind.png|right|70px|Did you know?]]
*...that '''[[Old English]]''' is grammatically closer to modern German than to modern English?
*...that '''[[Topic:Slavistics|Slavonic languages]]''' are mutually more similar than the German dialects?
*...that '''[[John Ronald Reuel Tolkien]]''', author of ''The Lord of the Rings'' and ''The Hobbit'', has highly influenced later fictional literature worldwide? And did you know that he was also a great expert in languages, and that he has created about twenty artificial languages himself?
*...that '''[[Esperanto]]''' is the most famous among many artificial languages? It is an auxiliary language created by Polish doctor Zamenhof, whose pseudonym was ''doctor Esperanto''.
*...that '''[[Indo-European languages]]''', according to the theory that is accepted by most linguists and historians, have most probably originated in present-day India and Iran, but there are also some linguists who believe that they originated from Europe, since the most of them are spoken in Europe?
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<h2 style="padding:3px; background:#aaccff; color:#000; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">Useful textbooks from [[b:|Wikibooks]]</h2 >
{|
|style="width:44%;font-size:95%;color:#000"|
*[[b:Wikibooks:Language and literature bookshelf|Books about language and literature]]
*[[b:Wikibooks:Languages bookshelf|Textbooks for learning languages]]
|style="width:44%;font-size:95%"|
*[[b:Wikibooks:Humanities bookshelf|Humanities bookshelf]]
*[[b:Wikibooks:Social sciences bookshelf|Social sciences bookshelf]]
|style="width:11%;font-size:95%"|
[[Image:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|center|50px|Reading]]
|}
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<h2 style="padding:3px; background:#aaccff; color:#000; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">Associated Wikimedia for literature and language</h2 >
{| class="noprint" align="center" style="clear:both; background: transparent; text-align:center; font-size:91%" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="3" rules="none" border="0"
|-
|'''[[Wikipedia:Literature|Literature on Wikipedia]]'''    
|'''[[Wikinews:Literature|Literature on Wikinews]]'''    
|'''[[Wikiquote:Literature|Literature on Wikiquote]]'''    
|'''[[Wikibooks:Literature|Literature on Wikibooks]]'''    
|'''[[Wikisource:Literature|Literature on Wikisource]]'''    
|'''[[Wiktionary:Literature|Literature on Wiktionary]]'''
|-
|'''[[Wikipedia:Language|Language on Wikipedia]]'''    
|'''[[Wikinews:Language|Language on Wikinews]]'''    
|'''[[Wikiquote:Language|Language on Wikiquote]]'''    
|'''[[Wikibooks:Language|Language on Wikibooks]]'''    
|'''[[Wikisource:Language|Language on Wikisource]]'''    
|'''[[Wiktionary:Language|Language on Wiktionary]]'''
|}
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[[Category:Language and Literature|*]]