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		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:More_about_language&amp;diff=22202</id>
		<title>Archive:More about language</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:More_about_language&amp;diff=22202"/>
		<updated>2009-02-22T00:40:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;64.90.87.146: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Portal:Humanities|F&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ACULTY FOR&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; H&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;UMANITIES&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Art and Design|Art and Design]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Classics|Classics]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Comparative Mythology|Mythology]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Law|Law]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Language and Literature|Language and Literature]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Music|Music]] ·&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Philosophy|Philosophy]] ·&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Theology|Theology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;W&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ELCOME TO THE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; S&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;CHOOL OF&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ANGUAGE AND&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; L&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ITERATURE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
part of the Faculty for [[Portal:Humanities|Humanities]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello and welcome to the Wikiversity School of Language and Literature. Here we share our knowledge of methods and ways of writing poetry and prose, and learn non US-English languages and explore their cultures, too. We also discuss many works of literature and literary epochs they belong to, as well as their historical development and the main characteristics by which they can be recognized.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Science that studies the structure of a language and its development is called &#039;&#039;[[w:linguistics|linguistics]]&#039;&#039;. Wikiversity&#039;s [[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]] is part of the Faculty of [[Portal:Social Sciences|Social Sciences]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== School of Language and Literature library ==&lt;br /&gt;
Follow the link to see the related bookshelves, catalogs and recommended reading lists for the School of Language and Literature.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[School of Language and Literature library]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==School news and current events==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Nuvola apps date.png|right|44px|News]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Looking for contributors.&lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;12 April 2007:&#039;&#039;&#039; - A new school has been founded: &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Topic:Klingon|Klingon Language Department]]&#039;&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
*The year 2008 was declared the [[w:International Year of Languages|International Year of Languages]] by the United Nations&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;24 August 2008 &#039;&#039;&#039;: contributors needed for [[Wikiversity the Movie]] - &#039;&#039;Coming soon to a wiki theater near you !&#039;&#039; - see [[Wikiversity the Movie/Multi-lingual|here]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;13 December 2008&#039;&#039;&#039;: A new group has been founded under the Writing Department: [[Fantasy and Science Fiction Writing Group]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==School history==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The School of Literature and English Studies was founded within the Wikiversity&#039;s Department of Humanities on 15 July 2004, in the time when Wikiversity was still part of the [[:b:|Wikibooks]] project. Eventually, it became one of the most developed of Wikiversity&#039;s schools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On 30 March 2005, the School of Foreign Language Learning was founded within the Department of Practical Arts and Sciences, though it failed to organize or function adequately.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soon after the Wikiversity became a separate Wikimedia project, these two schools were merged together, creating the School of Language and Literature, as part of the Faculty of Humanities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Departments and divisions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Foreign Language Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;see also [[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]] and the [[Topic:Foreign Language Learning|Foreign Language Learning Center]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;organized in alphabetical order&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Arabic|Arabic language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Aymaran|Aymara language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[South American Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Breton|Breton language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[Brythonic Celtic Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Chinese|Chinese language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Cornish|Cornish language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[Brythonic Celtic Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:French|French language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:German|German language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Hebrew|Hebrew language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Italian|Italian language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Japanese|Japanese language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Klingon|Klingon language department]] &#039;&#039;language invented for&#039;&#039; Star Trek &#039;&#039;by Marc Okrand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Korean|Korean language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Quechua|Quechua language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[South American Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Southeast Asian Languages|Southeast Asian language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Spanish|Spanish language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Tolkien Languages|Tolkien language department]] &#039;&#039;languages invented by J.R.R. Tolkien&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Turkish|Turkish language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Writing and Literature Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portal:Writing Center|Writing center]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Literary Studies|Literary studies department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Disputed Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;listed here are all of our substantial but disputed pages&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:English Language|English language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:English Language|English studies department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Tasks&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;all of our potentially valuable but empty, underdeveloped or nonexistent pages&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Portuguese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Indonesian|Indonesian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Department: Germanic Studies|Department of Germanic Studies]](under major construction)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[School:Language and Literature/Catalogue|List of all projects and courses offered]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century American Poetry|American poetry]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century American Poetry|American poetry]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century British Novel|British novel]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portal:Slavistics|Slavic]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:History of literature|History]] &#039;&#039;history of literature&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Wikiversity language courses==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Russian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Sanskrit Language]] (stub)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Swedish]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Common phrases in Swedish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mandarin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Latin stream]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Latin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Arabic]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Breton]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Finnish]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Common phrases in Finnish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Filipino]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hindi]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Italian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to the Dutch Language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Ancient Greek Language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Japanese_I/Vocabulary/Question_words|Japanese question words]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portuguese Alphabet]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rules of Esperanto grammar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Russian language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Spanish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ESL for Primary School]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Esperanto]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Learning the Basics of French]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Korean writing system]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aztec language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Maya language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kernewek Onan]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Did you know...==&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Old English]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is grammatically closer to modern German than to modern English?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Topic:Slavistics|Slavonic languages]]&#039;&#039;&#039; are mutually more similar than the German dialects?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[John Ronald Reuel Tolkien]]&#039;&#039;&#039;, author of &#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039;, has highly influenced later fictional literature worldwide? And did you know that he was also a great expert in languages, and that he has created about twenty artificial languages himself?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Esperanto]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is the most famous among many artificial languages? It is an auxiliary language created by Polish doctor Zamenhof, whose pseudonym was &#039;&#039;doctor Esperanto&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tamil]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is the oldest surviving language in the world, still spoken in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Selected biography==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:VukKaradzic.jpg|right|100px|Vuk Stefanović Karadžić]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Vuk Stefanović Karadžić&#039;&#039;&#039; (1787-1864) was one the most prominent Serbian linguists. He reformed the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by applying the principles &#039;&#039;one letter per one sound&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;write as you speak&#039;&#039;, and realized the idea of introducing the spoken language into the Serbian literature. He was collecting and publishing Serbian folk stories and poems. His major books were &#039;&#039;Serbian Dictionary&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Serbian Grammar&#039;&#039;, both published together in 1818, in which he for first time used the reformed alphabet. Although there were some opponents of Vuk&#039;s language reform, his principles were finally accepted and realized in Serbian literature and linguistics. Vuk&#039;s language was a base upon which the modern Serbian standard language was developed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;[[:w:Vuk Stefanović Karadžić|read more...]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Notable quotes==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Language is guardian of a nation. As long as the language exists, as long as we keep it, love it, and respect it, as long as we write in it and speak it; the nation exists as well, and it doesn&#039;t flow over into another one, nor it will disappear.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
— &#039;&#039;Vuk St. Karadzic, Serbian slavicist&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[School:Classics|School of Classics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Humanities|Humanities Portal]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Social Sciences|Social Sciences Portal]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Writing Center|Wikiversity&#039;s Writing Center]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- save for later... i.e. creating dynamic and flexible interwiki template&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display:block;float:left;width:100%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display:block;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;vertical-align: top; background-color:#f9f9ff;margin-bottom:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:5px;padding-right:4px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;padding:3px; background:#aaccff; color:#000; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Associated Wikimedia for literature and language&amp;lt;/h2 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;noprint&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;clear:both; background: transparent; text-align:center; font-size:91%&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rules=&amp;quot;none&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikipedia:Literature|Literature on Wikipedia]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikinews:Literature|Literature on Wikinews]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikiquote:Literature|Literature on Wikiquote]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikibooks:Literature|Literature on Wikibooks]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikisource:Literature|Literature on Wikisource]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wiktionary:Literature|Literature on Wiktionary]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikipedia:Language|Language on Wikipedia]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikinews:Language|Language on Wikinews]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikiquote:Language|Language on Wikiquote]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikibooks:Language|Language on Wikibooks]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikisource:Language|Language on Wikisource]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wiktionary:Language|Language on Wiktionary]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div &amp;gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Language and Literature|*]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wikiversity schools]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Schools]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ja:School:語学と文学]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>64.90.87.146</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:More_about_language&amp;diff=22201</id>
		<title>Archive:More about language</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:More_about_language&amp;diff=22201"/>
		<updated>2009-02-22T00:37:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;64.90.87.146: deleted &amp;quot;bookshelves&amp;quot; paragraph&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Portal:Humanities|F&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ACULTY FOR&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; H&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;UMANITIES&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Art and Design|Art and Design]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Classics|Classics]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Comparative Mythology|Mythology]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Law|Law]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Language and Literature|Language and Literature]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Music|Music]] ·&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Philosophy|Philosophy]] ·&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Theology|Theology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;W&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ELCOME TO THE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; S&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;CHOOL OF&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ANGUAGE AND&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; L&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ITERATURE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
part of the Faculty for [[Portal:Humanities|Humanities]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello and welcome to the Wikiversity School of Language and Literature. Here we share our knowledge of methods and ways of writing poetry and prose, and learn non US-English languages and explore their cultures, too. We also discuss many works of literature and literary epochs they belong to, as well as their historical development and the main characteristics by which they can be recognized.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Science that studies the structure of a language and its development is called &#039;&#039;[[w:linguistics|linguistics]]&#039;&#039;. Wikiversity&#039;s [[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]] is part of the Faculty of [[Portal:Social Sciences|Social Sciences]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==School news and current events==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Nuvola apps date.png|right|44px|News]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Looking for contributors.&lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;12 April 2007:&#039;&#039;&#039; - A new school has been founded: &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Topic:Klingon|Klingon Language Department]]&#039;&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
*The year 2008 was declared the [[w:International Year of Languages|International Year of Languages]] by the United Nations&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;24 August 2008 &#039;&#039;&#039;: contributors needed for [[Wikiversity the Movie]] - &#039;&#039;Coming soon to a wiki theater near you !&#039;&#039; - see [[Wikiversity the Movie/Multi-lingual|here]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;13 December 2008&#039;&#039;&#039;: A new group has been founded under the Writing Department: [[Fantasy and Science Fiction Writing Group]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==School history==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The School of Literature and English Studies was founded within the Wikiversity&#039;s Department of Humanities on 15 July 2004, in the time when Wikiversity was still part of the [[:b:|Wikibooks]] project. Eventually, it became one of the most developed of Wikiversity&#039;s schools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On 30 March 2005, the School of Foreign Language Learning was founded within the Department of Practical Arts and Sciences, though it failed to organize or function adequately.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soon after the Wikiversity became a separate Wikimedia project, these two schools were merged together, creating the School of Language and Literature, as part of the Faculty of Humanities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Departments and divisions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Foreign Language Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;see also [[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]] and the [[Topic:Foreign Language Learning|Foreign Language Learning Center]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;organized in alphabetical order&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Arabic|Arabic language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Aymaran|Aymara language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[South American Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Breton|Breton language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[Brythonic Celtic Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Chinese|Chinese language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Cornish|Cornish language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[Brythonic Celtic Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:French|French language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:German|German language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Hebrew|Hebrew language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Italian|Italian language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Japanese|Japanese language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Klingon|Klingon language department]] &#039;&#039;language invented for&#039;&#039; Star Trek &#039;&#039;by Marc Okrand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Korean|Korean language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Quechua|Quechua language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[South American Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Southeast Asian Languages|Southeast Asian language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Spanish|Spanish language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Tolkien Languages|Tolkien language department]] &#039;&#039;languages invented by J.R.R. Tolkien&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Turkish|Turkish language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Writing and Literature Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portal:Writing Center|Writing center]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Literary Studies|Literary studies department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Disputed Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;listed here are all of our substantial but disputed pages&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:English Language|English language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:English Language|English studies department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Tasks&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;all of our potentially valuable but empty, underdeveloped or nonexistent pages&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Portuguese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Indonesian|Indonesian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Department: Germanic Studies|Department of Germanic Studies]](under major construction)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[School:Language and Literature/Catalogue|List of all projects and courses offered]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century American Poetry|American poetry]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century American Poetry|American poetry]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century British Novel|British novel]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portal:Slavistics|Slavic]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:History of literature|History]] &#039;&#039;history of literature&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Wikiversity language courses==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Russian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Sanskrit Language]] (stub)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Swedish]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Common phrases in Swedish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mandarin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Latin stream]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Latin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Arabic]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Breton]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Finnish]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Common phrases in Finnish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Filipino]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hindi]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Italian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to the Dutch Language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Ancient Greek Language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Japanese_I/Vocabulary/Question_words|Japanese question words]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portuguese Alphabet]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rules of Esperanto grammar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Russian language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Spanish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ESL for Primary School]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Esperanto]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Learning the Basics of French]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Korean writing system]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aztec language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Maya language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kernewek Onan]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Did you know...==&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Old English]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is grammatically closer to modern German than to modern English?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Topic:Slavistics|Slavonic languages]]&#039;&#039;&#039; are mutually more similar than the German dialects?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[John Ronald Reuel Tolkien]]&#039;&#039;&#039;, author of &#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039;, has highly influenced later fictional literature worldwide? And did you know that he was also a great expert in languages, and that he has created about twenty artificial languages himself?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Esperanto]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is the most famous among many artificial languages? It is an auxiliary language created by Polish doctor Zamenhof, whose pseudonym was &#039;&#039;doctor Esperanto&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tamil]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is the oldest surviving language in the world, still spoken in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Selected biography==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:VukKaradzic.jpg|right|100px|Vuk Stefanović Karadžić]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Vuk Stefanović Karadžić&#039;&#039;&#039; (1787-1864) was one the most prominent Serbian linguists. He reformed the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by applying the principles &#039;&#039;one letter per one sound&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;write as you speak&#039;&#039;, and realized the idea of introducing the spoken language into the Serbian literature. He was collecting and publishing Serbian folk stories and poems. His major books were &#039;&#039;Serbian Dictionary&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Serbian Grammar&#039;&#039;, both published together in 1818, in which he for first time used the reformed alphabet. Although there were some opponents of Vuk&#039;s language reform, his principles were finally accepted and realized in Serbian literature and linguistics. Vuk&#039;s language was a base upon which the modern Serbian standard language was developed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;[[:w:Vuk Stefanović Karadžić|read more...]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Notable quotes==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Language is guardian of a nation. As long as the language exists, as long as we keep it, love it, and respect it, as long as we write in it and speak it; the nation exists as well, and it doesn&#039;t flow over into another one, nor it will disappear.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
— &#039;&#039;Vuk St. Karadzic, Serbian slavicist&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[School:Classics|School of Classics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Humanities|Humanities Portal]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Social Sciences|Social Sciences Portal]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Writing Center|Wikiversity&#039;s Writing Center]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- save for later... i.e. creating dynamic and flexible interwiki template&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display:block;float:left;width:100%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display:block;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;vertical-align: top; background-color:#f9f9ff;margin-bottom:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:5px;padding-right:4px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;padding:3px; background:#aaccff; color:#000; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Associated Wikimedia for literature and language&amp;lt;/h2 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;noprint&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;clear:both; background: transparent; text-align:center; font-size:91%&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rules=&amp;quot;none&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikipedia:Literature|Literature on Wikipedia]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikinews:Literature|Literature on Wikinews]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikiquote:Literature|Literature on Wikiquote]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikibooks:Literature|Literature on Wikibooks]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikisource:Literature|Literature on Wikisource]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wiktionary:Literature|Literature on Wiktionary]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikipedia:Language|Language on Wikipedia]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikinews:Language|Language on Wikinews]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikiquote:Language|Language on Wikiquote]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikibooks:Language|Language on Wikibooks]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikisource:Language|Language on Wikisource]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wiktionary:Language|Language on Wiktionary]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div &amp;gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Language and Literature|*]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wikiversity schools]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Schools]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ja:School:語学と文学]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>64.90.87.146</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:More_about_language&amp;diff=22200</id>
		<title>Archive:More about language</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:More_about_language&amp;diff=22200"/>
		<updated>2009-02-22T00:35:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;64.90.87.146: reformatted (changed titles)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Portal:Humanities|F&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ACULTY FOR&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; H&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;UMANITIES&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Art and Design|Art and Design]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Classics|Classics]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Comparative Mythology|Mythology]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Law|Law]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Language and Literature|Language and Literature]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Music|Music]] ·&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Philosophy|Philosophy]] ·&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Theology|Theology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;W&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ELCOME TO THE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; S&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;CHOOL OF&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ANGUAGE AND&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; L&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ITERATURE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
part of the Faculty for [[Portal:Humanities|Humanities]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello and welcome to the Wikiversity School of Language and Literature. Here we share our knowledge of methods and ways of writing poetry and prose, and learn non US-English languages and explore their cultures, too. We also discuss many works of literature and literary epochs they belong to, as well as their historical development and the main characteristics by which they can be recognized.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Science that studies the structure of a language and its development is called &#039;&#039;[[w:linguistics|linguistics]]&#039;&#039;. Wikiversity&#039;s [[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]] is part of the Faculty of [[Portal:Social Sciences|Social Sciences]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==School news and current events==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Nuvola apps date.png|right|44px|News]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Looking for contributors.&lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;12 April 2007:&#039;&#039;&#039; - A new school has been founded: &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Topic:Klingon|Klingon Language Department]]&#039;&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
*The year 2008 was declared the [[w:International Year of Languages|International Year of Languages]] by the United Nations&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;24 August 2008 &#039;&#039;&#039;: contributors needed for [[Wikiversity the Movie]] - &#039;&#039;Coming soon to a wiki theater near you !&#039;&#039; - see [[Wikiversity the Movie/Multi-lingual|here]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;13 December 2008&#039;&#039;&#039;: A new group has been founded under the Writing Department: [[Fantasy and Science Fiction Writing Group]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==School history==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The School of Literature and English Studies was founded within the Wikiversity&#039;s Department of Humanities on 15 July 2004, in the time when Wikiversity was still part of the [[:b:|Wikibooks]] project. Eventually, it became one of the most developed of Wikiversity&#039;s schools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On 30 March 2005, the School of Foreign Language Learning was founded within the Department of Practical Arts and Sciences, though it failed to organize or function adequately.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soon after the Wikiversity became a separate Wikimedia project, these two schools were merged together, creating the School of Language and Literature, as part of the Faculty of Humanities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Departments and divisions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Foreign Language Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;see also [[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]] and the [[Topic:Foreign Language Learning|Foreign Language Learning Center]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;organized in alphabetical order&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Arabic|Arabic language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Aymaran|Aymara language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[South American Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Breton|Breton language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[Brythonic Celtic Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Chinese|Chinese language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Cornish|Cornish language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[Brythonic Celtic Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:French|French language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:German|German language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Hebrew|Hebrew language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Italian|Italian language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Japanese|Japanese language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Klingon|Klingon language department]] &#039;&#039;language invented for&#039;&#039; Star Trek &#039;&#039;by Marc Okrand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Korean|Korean language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Quechua|Quechua language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[South American Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Southeast Asian Languages|Southeast Asian language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Spanish|Spanish language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Tolkien Languages|Tolkien language department]] &#039;&#039;languages invented by J.R.R. Tolkien&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Turkish|Turkish language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Writing and Literature Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portal:Writing Center|Writing center]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Literary Studies|Literary studies department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Disputed Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;listed here are all of our substantial but disputed pages&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:English Language|English language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:English Language|English studies department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Tasks&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;all of our potentially valuable but empty, underdeveloped or nonexistent pages&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Portuguese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Indonesian|Indonesian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Department: Germanic Studies|Department of Germanic Studies]](under major construction)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[School:Language and Literature/Catalogue|List of all projects and courses offered]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century American Poetry|American poetry]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century American Poetry|American poetry]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century British Novel|British novel]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portal:Slavistics|Slavic]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:History of literature|History]] &#039;&#039;history of literature&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Wikiversity language courses==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Russian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Sanskrit Language]] (stub)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Swedish]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Common phrases in Swedish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mandarin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Latin stream]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Latin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Arabic]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Breton]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Finnish]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Common phrases in Finnish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Filipino]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hindi]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Italian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to the Dutch Language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Ancient Greek Language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Japanese_I/Vocabulary/Question_words|Japanese question words]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portuguese Alphabet]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rules of Esperanto grammar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Russian language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Spanish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ESL for Primary School]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Esperanto]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Learning the Basics of French]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Korean writing system]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aztec language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Maya language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kernewek Onan]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== School of Language and Literature Wikibook library ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[b:Wikibooks:Language and literature bookshelf|Language and literature bookshelf]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[b:Wikibooks:Languages bookshelf|Language learning textbooks]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[b:Wikibooks:Humanities bookshelf|Humanities bookshelf]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[b:Wikibooks:Social sciences bookshelf|Social sciences bookshelf]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Did you know...==&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Old English]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is grammatically closer to modern German than to modern English?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Topic:Slavistics|Slavonic languages]]&#039;&#039;&#039; are mutually more similar than the German dialects?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[John Ronald Reuel Tolkien]]&#039;&#039;&#039;, author of &#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039;, has highly influenced later fictional literature worldwide? And did you know that he was also a great expert in languages, and that he has created about twenty artificial languages himself?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Esperanto]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is the most famous among many artificial languages? It is an auxiliary language created by Polish doctor Zamenhof, whose pseudonym was &#039;&#039;doctor Esperanto&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tamil]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is the oldest surviving language in the world, still spoken in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Selected biography==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:VukKaradzic.jpg|right|100px|Vuk Stefanović Karadžić]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Vuk Stefanović Karadžić&#039;&#039;&#039; (1787-1864) was one the most prominent Serbian linguists. He reformed the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by applying the principles &#039;&#039;one letter per one sound&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;write as you speak&#039;&#039;, and realized the idea of introducing the spoken language into the Serbian literature. He was collecting and publishing Serbian folk stories and poems. His major books were &#039;&#039;Serbian Dictionary&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Serbian Grammar&#039;&#039;, both published together in 1818, in which he for first time used the reformed alphabet. Although there were some opponents of Vuk&#039;s language reform, his principles were finally accepted and realized in Serbian literature and linguistics. Vuk&#039;s language was a base upon which the modern Serbian standard language was developed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;[[:w:Vuk Stefanović Karadžić|read more...]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Notable quotes==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Language is guardian of a nation. As long as the language exists, as long as we keep it, love it, and respect it, as long as we write in it and speak it; the nation exists as well, and it doesn&#039;t flow over into another one, nor it will disappear.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
— &#039;&#039;Vuk St. Karadzic, Serbian slavicist&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[School:Classics|School of Classics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Humanities|Humanities Portal]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Social Sciences|Social Sciences Portal]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Writing Center|Wikiversity&#039;s Writing Center]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- save for later... i.e. creating dynamic and flexible interwiki template&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display:block;float:left;width:100%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display:block;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;vertical-align: top; background-color:#f9f9ff;margin-bottom:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:5px;padding-right:4px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;padding:3px; background:#aaccff; color:#000; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Associated Wikimedia for literature and language&amp;lt;/h2 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;noprint&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;clear:both; background: transparent; text-align:center; font-size:91%&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rules=&amp;quot;none&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikipedia:Literature|Literature on Wikipedia]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikinews:Literature|Literature on Wikinews]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikiquote:Literature|Literature on Wikiquote]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikibooks:Literature|Literature on Wikibooks]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikisource:Literature|Literature on Wikisource]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wiktionary:Literature|Literature on Wiktionary]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikipedia:Language|Language on Wikipedia]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikinews:Language|Language on Wikinews]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikiquote:Language|Language on Wikiquote]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikibooks:Language|Language on Wikibooks]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikisource:Language|Language on Wikisource]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wiktionary:Language|Language on Wiktionary]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div &amp;gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Language and Literature|*]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wikiversity schools]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Schools]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ja:School:語学と文学]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>64.90.87.146</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:More_about_language&amp;diff=22199</id>
		<title>Archive:More about language</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:More_about_language&amp;diff=22199"/>
		<updated>2009-02-22T00:31:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;64.90.87.146: deleted empty &amp;quot;learning resources&amp;quot; paragraph&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Portal:Humanities|F&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ACULTY FOR&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; H&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;UMANITIES&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Art and Design|Art and Design]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Classics|Classics]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Comparative Mythology|Mythology]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Law|Law]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Language and Literature|Language and Literature]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Music|Music]] ·&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Philosophy|Philosophy]] ·&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Theology|Theology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;W&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ELCOME TO THE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; S&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;CHOOL OF&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ANGUAGE AND&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; L&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ITERATURE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
part of the Faculty for [[Portal:Humanities|Humanities]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello and welcome to the Wikiversity School of Language and Literature. Here we share our knowledge of methods and ways of writing poetry and prose, and learn non US-English languages and explore their cultures, too. We also discuss many works of literature and literary epochs they belong to, as well as their historical development and the main characteristics by which they can be recognized.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Science that studies the structure of a language and its development is called &#039;&#039;[[w:linguistics|linguistics]]&#039;&#039;. Wikiversity&#039;s [[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]] is part of the Faculty of [[Portal:Social Sciences|Social Sciences]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==School news and current events==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Nuvola apps date.png|right|44px|News]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Looking for contributors.&lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;12 April 2007:&#039;&#039;&#039; - A new school has been founded: &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Topic:Klingon|Klingon Language Department]]&#039;&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
*The year 2008 was declared the [[w:International Year of Languages|International Year of Languages]] by the United Nations&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;24 August 2008 &#039;&#039;&#039;: contributors needed for [[Wikiversity the Movie]] - &#039;&#039;Coming soon to a wiki theater near you !&#039;&#039; - see [[Wikiversity the Movie/Multi-lingual|here]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;13 December 2008&#039;&#039;&#039;: A new group has been founded under the Writing Department: [[Fantasy and Science Fiction Writing Group]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==School history==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The School of Literature and English Studies was founded within the Wikiversity&#039;s Department of Humanities on 15 July 2004, in the time when Wikiversity was still part of the [[:b:|Wikibooks]] project. Eventually, it became one of the most developed of Wikiversity&#039;s schools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On 30 March 2005, the School of Foreign Language Learning was founded within the Department of Practical Arts and Sciences, though it failed to organize or function adequately.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soon after the Wikiversity became a separate Wikimedia project, these two schools were merged together, creating the School of Language and Literature, as part of the Faculty of Humanities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Departments and divisions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Foreign Language Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;see also [[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]] and the [[Topic:Foreign Language Learning|Foreign Language Learning Center]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;organized in alphabetical order&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Arabic|Arabic language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Aymaran|Aymara language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[South American Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Breton|Breton language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[Brythonic Celtic Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Chinese|Chinese language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Cornish|Cornish language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[Brythonic Celtic Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:French|French language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:German|German language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Hebrew|Hebrew language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Italian|Italian language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Japanese|Japanese language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Klingon|Klingon language department]] &#039;&#039;language invented for&#039;&#039; Star Trek &#039;&#039;by Marc Okrand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Korean|Korean language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Quechua|Quechua language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[South American Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Southeast Asian Languages|Southeast Asian language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Spanish|Spanish language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Tolkien Languages|Tolkien language department]] &#039;&#039;languages invented by J.R.R. Tolkien&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Turkish|Turkish language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Writing and Literature Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portal:Writing Center|Writing center]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Literary Studies|Literary studies department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Disputed Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;listed here are all of our substantial but disputed pages&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:English Language|English language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:English Language|English studies department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Tasks&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;all of our potentially valuable but empty, underdeveloped or nonexistent pages&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Portuguese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Indonesian|Indonesian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Department: Germanic Studies|Department of Germanic Studies]](under major construction)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[School:Language and Literature/Catalogue|List of all projects and courses offered]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century American Poetry|American poetry]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century American Poetry|American poetry]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century British Novel|British novel]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portal:Slavistics|Slavic]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:History of literature|History]] &#039;&#039;history of literature&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Wikiversity language courses==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Russian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Sanskrit Language]] (stub)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Swedish]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Common phrases in Swedish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mandarin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Latin stream]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Latin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Arabic]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Breton]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Finnish]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Common phrases in Finnish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Filipino]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hindi]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Italian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to the Dutch Language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Ancient Greek Language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Japanese_I/Vocabulary/Question_words|Japanese question words]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portuguese Alphabet]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rules of Esperanto grammar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Russian language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Spanish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ESL for Primary School]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Esperanto]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Learning the Basics of French]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Korean writing system]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aztec language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Maya language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kernewek Onan]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Wikibooks===&lt;br /&gt;
*[[b:Wikibooks:Language and literature bookshelf|Books about language and literature]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[b:Wikibooks:Languages bookshelf|Textbooks for learning languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[b:Wikibooks:Humanities bookshelf|Humanities bookshelf]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[b:Wikibooks:Social sciences bookshelf|Social sciences bookshelf]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Did you know...==&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Old English]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is grammatically closer to modern German than to modern English?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Topic:Slavistics|Slavonic languages]]&#039;&#039;&#039; are mutually more similar than the German dialects?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[John Ronald Reuel Tolkien]]&#039;&#039;&#039;, author of &#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039;, has highly influenced later fictional literature worldwide? And did you know that he was also a great expert in languages, and that he has created about twenty artificial languages himself?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Esperanto]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is the most famous among many artificial languages? It is an auxiliary language created by Polish doctor Zamenhof, whose pseudonym was &#039;&#039;doctor Esperanto&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tamil]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is the oldest surviving language in the world, still spoken in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Selected biography==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:VukKaradzic.jpg|right|100px|Vuk Stefanović Karadžić]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Vuk Stefanović Karadžić&#039;&#039;&#039; (1787-1864) was one the most prominent Serbian linguists. He reformed the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by applying the principles &#039;&#039;one letter per one sound&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;write as you speak&#039;&#039;, and realized the idea of introducing the spoken language into the Serbian literature. He was collecting and publishing Serbian folk stories and poems. His major books were &#039;&#039;Serbian Dictionary&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Serbian Grammar&#039;&#039;, both published together in 1818, in which he for first time used the reformed alphabet. Although there were some opponents of Vuk&#039;s language reform, his principles were finally accepted and realized in Serbian literature and linguistics. Vuk&#039;s language was a base upon which the modern Serbian standard language was developed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;[[:w:Vuk Stefanović Karadžić|read more...]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Notable quotes==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Language is guardian of a nation. As long as the language exists, as long as we keep it, love it, and respect it, as long as we write in it and speak it; the nation exists as well, and it doesn&#039;t flow over into another one, nor it will disappear.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
— &#039;&#039;Vuk St. Karadzic, Serbian slavicist&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[School:Classics|School of Classics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Humanities|Humanities Portal]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Social Sciences|Social Sciences Portal]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Writing Center|Wikiversity&#039;s Writing Center]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- save for later... i.e. creating dynamic and flexible interwiki template&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display:block;float:left;width:100%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display:block;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;vertical-align: top; background-color:#f9f9ff;margin-bottom:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:5px;padding-right:4px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;padding:3px; background:#aaccff; color:#000; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Associated Wikimedia for literature and language&amp;lt;/h2 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;noprint&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;clear:both; background: transparent; text-align:center; font-size:91%&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rules=&amp;quot;none&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikipedia:Literature|Literature on Wikipedia]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikinews:Literature|Literature on Wikinews]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikiquote:Literature|Literature on Wikiquote]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikibooks:Literature|Literature on Wikibooks]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikisource:Literature|Literature on Wikisource]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wiktionary:Literature|Literature on Wiktionary]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikipedia:Language|Language on Wikipedia]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikinews:Language|Language on Wikinews]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikiquote:Language|Language on Wikiquote]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikibooks:Language|Language on Wikibooks]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikisource:Language|Language on Wikisource]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wiktionary:Language|Language on Wiktionary]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div &amp;gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Language and Literature|*]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wikiversity schools]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Schools]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ja:School:語学と文学]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>64.90.87.146</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:More_about_language&amp;diff=22198</id>
		<title>Archive:More about language</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:More_about_language&amp;diff=22198"/>
		<updated>2009-02-22T00:30:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;64.90.87.146: changed casing to be more consistent with naming conventions&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;center&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Portal:Humanities|F&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ACULTY FOR&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; H&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;UMANITIES&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Art and Design|Art and Design]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Classics|Classics]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Comparative Mythology|Mythology]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Law|Law]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Language and Literature|Language and Literature]] · &lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Music|Music]] ·&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Philosophy|Philosophy]] ·&lt;br /&gt;
[[School:Theology|Theology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;W&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ELCOME TO THE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; S&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;CHOOL OF&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ANGUAGE AND&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; L&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;ITERATURE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
part of the Faculty for [[Portal:Humanities|Humanities]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/center&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello and welcome to the Wikiversity School of Language and Literature. Here we share our knowledge of methods and ways of writing poetry and prose, and learn non US-English languages and explore their cultures, too. We also discuss many works of literature and literary epochs they belong to, as well as their historical development and the main characteristics by which they can be recognized.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Science that studies the structure of a language and its development is called &#039;&#039;[[w:linguistics|linguistics]]&#039;&#039;. Wikiversity&#039;s [[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]] is part of the Faculty of [[Portal:Social Sciences|Social Sciences]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==School news and current events==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Nuvola apps date.png|right|44px|News]]&lt;br /&gt;
* Looking for contributors.&lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;12 April 2007:&#039;&#039;&#039; - A new school has been founded: &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Topic:Klingon|Klingon Language Department]]&#039;&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
*The year 2008 was declared the [[w:International Year of Languages|International Year of Languages]] by the United Nations&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;24 August 2008 &#039;&#039;&#039;: contributors needed for [[Wikiversity the Movie]] - &#039;&#039;Coming soon to a wiki theater near you !&#039;&#039; - see [[Wikiversity the Movie/Multi-lingual|here]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;13 December 2008&#039;&#039;&#039;: A new group has been founded under the Writing Department: [[Fantasy and Science Fiction Writing Group]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==School history==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The School of Literature and English Studies was founded within the Wikiversity&#039;s Department of Humanities on 15 July 2004, in the time when Wikiversity was still part of the [[:b:|Wikibooks]] project. Eventually, it became one of the most developed of Wikiversity&#039;s schools.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On 30 March 2005, the School of Foreign Language Learning was founded within the Department of Practical Arts and Sciences, though it failed to organize or function adequately.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soon after the Wikiversity became a separate Wikimedia project, these two schools were merged together, creating the School of Language and Literature, as part of the Faculty of Humanities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Departments and divisions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Foreign Language Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;see also [[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]] and the [[Topic:Foreign Language Learning|Foreign Language Learning Center]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;organized in alphabetical order&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Arabic|Arabic language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Aymaran|Aymara language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[South American Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Breton|Breton language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[Brythonic Celtic Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Chinese|Chinese language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Cornish|Cornish language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[Brythonic Celtic Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:French|French language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:German|German language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Hebrew|Hebrew language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Italian|Italian language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Japanese|Japanese language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Klingon|Klingon language department]] &#039;&#039;language invented for&#039;&#039; Star Trek &#039;&#039;by Marc Okrand&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Korean|Korean language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Quechua|Quechua language department]] &#039;&#039;part of the [[South American Languages Division]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Southeast Asian Languages|Southeast Asian language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Spanish|Spanish language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Tolkien Languages|Tolkien language department]] &#039;&#039;languages invented by J.R.R. Tolkien&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Turkish|Turkish language department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Writing and Literature Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portal:Writing Center|Writing center]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Literary Studies|Literary studies department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Disputed Departments&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;listed here are all of our substantial but disputed pages&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:English Language|English language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:English Language|English studies department]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Tasks&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;all of our potentially valuable but empty, underdeveloped or nonexistent pages&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Portuguese]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Indonesian|Indonesian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Department: Germanic Studies|Department of Germanic Studies]](under major construction)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[School:Language and Literature/Catalogue|List of all projects and courses offered]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century American Poetry|American poetry]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century American Poetry|American poetry]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[20th Century British Novel|British novel]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portal:Slavistics|Slavic]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:History of literature|History]] &#039;&#039;history of literature&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Learning resources==&lt;br /&gt;
==Wikiversity language courses==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Russian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Sanskrit Language]] (stub)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Swedish]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Common phrases in Swedish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mandarin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Latin stream]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Latin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Arabic]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Breton]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Finnish]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Common phrases in Finnish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Filipino]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hindi]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to Italian]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introduction to the Dutch Language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Ancient Greek Language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Japanese_I/Vocabulary/Question_words|Japanese question words]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Portuguese Alphabet]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rules of Esperanto grammar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Russian language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Spanish]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ESL for Primary School]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Esperanto]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Learning the Basics of French]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Introductory Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Korean writing system]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aztec language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Maya language]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kernewek Onan]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Wikibooks===&lt;br /&gt;
*[[b:Wikibooks:Language and literature bookshelf|Books about language and literature]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[b:Wikibooks:Languages bookshelf|Textbooks for learning languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[b:Wikibooks:Humanities bookshelf|Humanities bookshelf]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[b:Wikibooks:Social sciences bookshelf|Social sciences bookshelf]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Did you know...==&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Old English]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is grammatically closer to modern German than to modern English?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Topic:Slavistics|Slavonic languages]]&#039;&#039;&#039; are mutually more similar than the German dialects?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[John Ronald Reuel Tolkien]]&#039;&#039;&#039;, author of &#039;&#039;The Lord of the Rings&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;The Hobbit&#039;&#039;, has highly influenced later fictional literature worldwide? And did you know that he was also a great expert in languages, and that he has created about twenty artificial languages himself?&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Esperanto]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is the most famous among many artificial languages? It is an auxiliary language created by Polish doctor Zamenhof, whose pseudonym was &#039;&#039;doctor Esperanto&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
*...that &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tamil]]&#039;&#039;&#039; is the oldest surviving language in the world, still spoken in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Selected biography==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:VukKaradzic.jpg|right|100px|Vuk Stefanović Karadžić]] &#039;&#039;&#039;Vuk Stefanović Karadžić&#039;&#039;&#039; (1787-1864) was one the most prominent Serbian linguists. He reformed the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by applying the principles &#039;&#039;one letter per one sound&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;write as you speak&#039;&#039;, and realized the idea of introducing the spoken language into the Serbian literature. He was collecting and publishing Serbian folk stories and poems. His major books were &#039;&#039;Serbian Dictionary&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Serbian Grammar&#039;&#039;, both published together in 1818, in which he for first time used the reformed alphabet. Although there were some opponents of Vuk&#039;s language reform, his principles were finally accepted and realized in Serbian literature and linguistics. Vuk&#039;s language was a base upon which the modern Serbian standard language was developed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;[[:w:Vuk Stefanović Karadžić|read more...]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Notable quotes==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Language is guardian of a nation. As long as the language exists, as long as we keep it, love it, and respect it, as long as we write in it and speak it; the nation exists as well, and it doesn&#039;t flow over into another one, nor it will disappear.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
— &#039;&#039;Vuk St. Karadzic, Serbian slavicist&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[School:Linguistics|School of Linguistics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[School:Classics|School of Classics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Humanities|Humanities Portal]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Social Sciences|Social Sciences Portal]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Portal:Writing Center|Wikiversity&#039;s Writing Center]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- save for later... i.e. creating dynamic and flexible interwiki template&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display:block;float:left;width:100%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display:block;border:1px solid #aaaaaa;vertical-align: top; background-color:#f9f9ff;margin-bottom:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:5px;padding-right:4px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;h2 style=&amp;quot;padding:3px; background:#aaccff; color:#000; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Associated Wikimedia for literature and language&amp;lt;/h2 &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;noprint&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;clear:both; background: transparent; text-align:center; font-size:91%&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; cellpadding=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; rules=&amp;quot;none&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikipedia:Literature|Literature on Wikipedia]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikinews:Literature|Literature on Wikinews]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikiquote:Literature|Literature on Wikiquote]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikibooks:Literature|Literature on Wikibooks]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikisource:Literature|Literature on Wikisource]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wiktionary:Literature|Literature on Wiktionary]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikipedia:Language|Language on Wikipedia]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikinews:Language|Language on Wikinews]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikiquote:Language|Language on Wikiquote]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikibooks:Language|Language on Wikibooks]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wikisource:Language|Language on Wikisource]]&#039;&#039;&#039; &amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Wiktionary:Language|Language on Wiktionary]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div &amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div &amp;gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Language and Literature|*]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Wikiversity schools]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Schools]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[ja:School:語学と文学]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>64.90.87.146</name></author>
	</entry>
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