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Swedish/Spelling

2008-10-03T17:33:22Z

65.183.8.194: /* Exercises */

{{Template:Introduction to Swedish}}

==Grammar==

===The ng-sound===
''Normal case:''
tung, tvinga, sväng

''Spelled '''gn''' when the ng-sound is followed by a n-sound:''
regn, lugn, ugn, inhägna

''An exception to above is'' tvungna ''as the '''ng'''-spelling of this word is herited from the adjective tvungen.''

''Spelled '''nk''' when the ng-sound is followed by a k-sound:''
bank, vinkel, dunkel

===The tj-sound===
[[Image:Uppsala domkyrka 1892, södra fasaden.png|thumb|Uppsala domkyrka]]
''English examples of the tj sound:''
''wash, fish, flush, shallow, ship''

''Before hard vowel, (at the beginning of words), the tj-sound is spelled '''tj'''.''

tjusa, tjäna, tjalla, tjog

''Before soft vowel, (at the beginning of words), the tj-sound is spelled '''k'''.''

Kina, kela, kind, kärlek, kyrka, körsbär

''When not at the beginning of words the tj-sound is spelled '''sch''' or '''rs'''.''

dusch, usch

fors, färsk, kurs

Exceptions with tj-sound
kjol, kiosk

===The skj-sound===

''Before soft vowel the skj-sound is spelled '''sk'''''.

[[Image:Vasa from port1.jpg|thumb|Regalskeppet Vasa, Stockholm]]
skepp, skinn, sky, skärm, sköld

''Before hard vowel the skj-sound is spelled skj''.

skjorta, skjul, skjuta

''Before the soft vowel '''ä''' the skj-sound is sometimes spelled '''stj'''''.

stjärna, stjärt, stjälk

''For some exceptions the skj-sound is spelled '''sj'''.''

sju, sjätte

''For some exceptions in beginning of words, before a soft vowel the skj-sound is spelled '''g'''.''

generell, generös, giraff

''Before hard vowel in some borrowed words spelled '''ch'''.''

choklad, chock, chans

''Before '''o''' in some borrowed words spelled '''ti'''.''

station, situation, aktion

''Initial '''sch'''''

schack, schampo

===The j-sound===

jord, boj,

djup, djungel, djärv, djur

gärna, ge

gjuta, gjorde

hjärna, hjälp

ljuvlig, ljus

===The rd and rt-sounds===
''Pronounced with soft r and long preceding vowel .''

ord, börda

kort, art

===The r-sound===
This sound depends strongly on dialect.
There are five variants.

===The s-sound===

sång, stilla, bas

cykel, cyklop, cyanid, Cecilia

'''''Z''' is pronounced like '''s'''.'' 
zink, zoo, zon

==Example Sentences==

Många ugnar görs i Kina. ''Many ovens are made in China.''

Hjärnan är jättestor. ''The brain is huge.''

I djungelns djup finns många djärva djur. ''Deep in the djungle there is a lot of brave animals.''

I skjulet finns skjorta. ''In the shed there is shirt.''

==Example Text==

Drottning Kristinas far, Gustav II Adolf, lät bygga regalskeppet Vasa år 1628.
Skeppet sjönk på sin jungfrufärd eftersom det var för rankt byggt.
Anders Franzén återfann det sjunkna skeppet 1956. Det bärgades och konserverades och finns nu
på Vasamuséet i Stockholm.

''The father of Queen Christina, Gustav II Adolf, built the warship Vasa in the year 1628. The ship sank on its maiden voyage as it was too unstable.
Anders Franzén found the sunken ship in 1956. It was brought up and preserved and is now exposed at the Vasa museum in Stockholm.''

==Exercises==

''Pronounce these words''

A) juni, hjul, jul, djur, gjuta, gubbe, galt, hjort, hjässa, ge, ljuvlig

B) kurva, tjusig, köra, kärv, kär, tjäle, tjockis, varsel, mars, kjol

C) skalle, sjal, stjälpa, skjorta, sko, skinn, generad, gumma, gäst, ljus

D) vart, färd, fart, hord, rabbla, borra, bura in, barrikad

E) vagn, dunge, djungel, ting, stygn, tvungna, ringla

F) bastu, vass, central, Barsebäck, morsning, kross, brons

''Translate into English'' 
1. Ett skepp med körsbär kommer från Kina. 
2. Cecilia är en schackspelare. 
3. Djur ska inte tvättas med schampo. 
4. Giraffer och zebror är afrikanska djur. 
5. Kring jul tänder man många ljus. 

''Translate into Swedish'' 
6. You will gain on it! 
7. There is a shot giraffe in the shed. 
8. Venus is bright, but it is not a star! 
9. I bought two skirts in a kiosk. 
10. A lot of species have brains. 

[[Swedish Answers to Exercises|Answers to Exercises]]

==Glossary==

<table>
<tr><td>en aktion, flera aktioner</td><td>''a political action, several political actions''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en art, flera arter</td><td>''a species action, several species''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en bank, flera banker</td><td>''a bank, several banks''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en bas, flera basar</td><td>''a base, several bases''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en boj, flera bojar</td><td>''a buoy, several buoys''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en chans, flera chanser</td><td>''a chance, several chances''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en chock, flera chocker</td><td>''a chock, several chocks''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en choklad, flera choklader</td><td>''a chocolate, several chocolates''</td>
</tr><tr><td>en cykel, flera cyklar</td><td>''a bike, several bikes''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en djungel, flera djungler</td><td>''a jungle, several jungles''</td></tr>
<tr><td>djup, djupare, djupast</td><td>''deep, deeper, the deepest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett djup, flera djup</td><td>''a depth, several depths''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett djur, flera djur</td><td>''an animal, several animals''</td></tr>
<tr><td>djärv, djärvare, djärvast</td><td>''brave, braver, the bravest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>dunkel, dunklare, dunklast</td><td>''dark, darker, the darkest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en dusch, flera duschar</td><td>''a shower, several showers''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en fors, flera forsar</td><td>''a stream, several streams?''</td></tr>
<tr><td>färsk, färskare, fäskast</td><td>''ripe, riper, the ripest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) ge, ger gav, givit</td><td>''to give, gives, gave, given''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) göra, gör, gjorde, gjort</td><td>''to do, does, did, done''</td></tr>
<tr><td>generell, mer generell, mest generell</td><td>''general, more general, the most general''</td></tr>
<tr><td>generös, mer generös, mest generös</td><td>''generous, more generous, the most generous''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en giraff, flera giraffer</td><td>''a giraffe, several giraffes''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en hjälp, mycket hjälp</td><td>''a help, much help</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) inhägna</td><td>''to fence off''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) kela</td><td>''to caress''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en kind, flera kinder</td><td>''a cheek, several cheeks''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett Kina, flera Kina</td><td>''a China, several China''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en kiosk, flera kiosker</td><td>''a kiosk, several kiosks''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en kjol, flera kjolar</td><td>''a shirt, several shirts''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en kurs, flera kurser</td><td>''a course, several courses''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en kyrka, flera kyrkor</td><td>''a church, several churches''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en kärlek, flera kärlekar</td><td>''a love, several loves''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett körsbär, flera körsbär</td><td>''a cherry, several cherries''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ljuvlig, ljuvligare, ljuvligast</td><td>''sweet, sweeter, the sweetest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett ord, flera ord</td><td>''a word, several words''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett schack, flera schack</td><td>''a chess, several chesses''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett schampo, flera schampo</td><td>''a shampoo, several shampoos''</td></tr>
<tr><td>den sjätte</td><td>''the six:th''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett skinn, flera skinn</td><td>''a skin, several skins''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en situation, flera situationer</td><td>''a situation, several situations''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en skjorta, flera skjortor</td><td>''a shirt, several shirts''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett skjul, flera skjul</td><td>''a shed, several sheds''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en station, flera stationer</td><td>''a station, several stations''</td></tr>
<tr><td>stilla, mer stilla, mest stilla</td><td>''calm, calmer, the calmest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en stjälk, flera stjälkar</td><td>''a stem, several stems''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en stjärna, flera stjärnor</td><td>''a star, several stars''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en stjärt, flera stjärtar</td><td>''a but, several buts''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en sång, flera sånger</td><td>''a song, several songs''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett tjog, flera tjog</td><td>''an amount of twenty, several amounts of twenty</td></tr>
<tr><td>en stjärt, flera stjärtar</td><td>''a but, several buts''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) tjäna</td><td>''to earn''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) tjusa</td><td>''to amaze''</td></tr>
<tr><td>lugn, lugnare, lugnast</td><td>''calm, calmer, the calmest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett regn, flera regn</td><td>''a rain, several rains''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett skepp, flera skepp</td><td>''a ship, several ships''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en sväng, flera svängar</td><td>''a turn, several turns''</td></tr>
<tr><td>tung, tyngre, tyngst</td><td>''heavy, heavier, the heaviest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) tvinga</td><td>''to force''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en ugn, flera ugnar</td><td>''a owen, several owens''</td></tr>
<tr><td>usch!</td><td>''ouch!''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en zon, flera zoner</td><td>''a zone, several zones''</td></tr>
</table>

{{swedish}}

Swedish/Spelling

2008-10-03T17:32:06Z

65.183.8.194: /* Example Sentences */

{{Template:Introduction to Swedish}}

==Grammar==

===The ng-sound===
''Normal case:''
tung, tvinga, sväng

''Spelled '''gn''' when the ng-sound is followed by a n-sound:''
regn, lugn, ugn, inhägna

''An exception to above is'' tvungna ''as the '''ng'''-spelling of this word is herited from the adjective tvungen.''

''Spelled '''nk''' when the ng-sound is followed by a k-sound:''
bank, vinkel, dunkel

===The tj-sound===
[[Image:Uppsala domkyrka 1892, södra fasaden.png|thumb|Uppsala domkyrka]]
''English examples of the tj sound:''
''wash, fish, flush, shallow, ship''

''Before hard vowel, (at the beginning of words), the tj-sound is spelled '''tj'''.''

tjusa, tjäna, tjalla, tjog

''Before soft vowel, (at the beginning of words), the tj-sound is spelled '''k'''.''

Kina, kela, kind, kärlek, kyrka, körsbär

''When not at the beginning of words the tj-sound is spelled '''sch''' or '''rs'''.''

dusch, usch

fors, färsk, kurs

Exceptions with tj-sound
kjol, kiosk

===The skj-sound===

''Before soft vowel the skj-sound is spelled '''sk'''''.

[[Image:Vasa from port1.jpg|thumb|Regalskeppet Vasa, Stockholm]]
skepp, skinn, sky, skärm, sköld

''Before hard vowel the skj-sound is spelled skj''.

skjorta, skjul, skjuta

''Before the soft vowel '''ä''' the skj-sound is sometimes spelled '''stj'''''.

stjärna, stjärt, stjälk

''For some exceptions the skj-sound is spelled '''sj'''.''

sju, sjätte

''For some exceptions in beginning of words, before a soft vowel the skj-sound is spelled '''g'''.''

generell, generös, giraff

''Before hard vowel in some borrowed words spelled '''ch'''.''

choklad, chock, chans

''Before '''o''' in some borrowed words spelled '''ti'''.''

station, situation, aktion

''Initial '''sch'''''

schack, schampo

===The j-sound===

jord, boj,

djup, djungel, djärv, djur

gärna, ge

gjuta, gjorde

hjärna, hjälp

ljuvlig, ljus

===The rd and rt-sounds===
''Pronounced with soft r and long preceding vowel .''

ord, börda

kort, art

===The r-sound===
This sound depends strongly on dialect.
There are five variants.

===The s-sound===

sång, stilla, bas

cykel, cyklop, cyanid, Cecilia

'''''Z''' is pronounced like '''s'''.'' 
zink, zoo, zon

==Example Sentences==

Många ugnar görs i Kina. ''Many ovens are made in China.''

Hjärnan är jättestor. ''The brain is huge.''

I djungelns djup finns många djärva djur. ''Deep in the djungle there is a lot of brave animals.''

I skjulet finns skjorta. ''In the shed there is shirt.''

==Example Text==

Drottning Kristinas far, Gustav II Adolf, lät bygga regalskeppet Vasa år 1628.
Skeppet sjönk på sin jungfrufärd eftersom det var för rankt byggt.
Anders Franzén återfann det sjunkna skeppet 1956. Det bärgades och konserverades och finns nu
på Vasamuséet i Stockholm.

''The father of Queen Christina, Gustav II Adolf, built the warship Vasa in the year 1628. The ship sank on its maiden voyage as it was too unstable.
Anders Franzén found the sunken ship in 1956. It was brought up and preserved and is now exposed at the Vasa museum in Stockholm.''

==Exercises==

''Pronounce these words''

A) juni, hjul, jul, djur, gjuta, gubbe, galt, hjort, hjässa, ge, ljuvlig

B) kurva, tjusig, köra, kärv, kär, tjäle, tjockis, varsel, mars, kjol

C) skalle, sjal, stjälpa, skjorta, sko, skinn, generad, gumma, gäst, ljus

D) vart, färd, fart, hord, rabbla, borra, bura in, barrikad

E) vagn, dunge, djungel, ting, stygn, tvungna, ringla

F) bastu, vass, central, Barsebäck, morsning, kross, brons

''Translate into English'' 
1. Ett skepp med körsbär kommer från Kina. 
2. Cecilia är en schackspelare. 
3. Djur ska inte tvättas med schampo. 
4. Giraffer och Zebror är afrikanska djur. 
5. Kring jul tänder man många ljus. 

''Translate into Swedish'' 
6. You will gain on it! 
7. There is a shot giraffe in the shed. 
8. Venus is bright, but it is not a star! 
9. I bought two skirts in a kiosk. 
10. A lot of species have brains. 

[[Swedish Answers to Exercises|Answers to Exercises]]
==Glossary==

<table>
<tr><td>en aktion, flera aktioner</td><td>''a political action, several political actions''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en art, flera arter</td><td>''a species action, several species''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en bank, flera banker</td><td>''a bank, several banks''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en bas, flera basar</td><td>''a base, several bases''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en boj, flera bojar</td><td>''a buoy, several buoys''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en chans, flera chanser</td><td>''a chance, several chances''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en chock, flera chocker</td><td>''a chock, several chocks''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en choklad, flera choklader</td><td>''a chocolate, several chocolates''</td>
</tr><tr><td>en cykel, flera cyklar</td><td>''a bike, several bikes''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en djungel, flera djungler</td><td>''a jungle, several jungles''</td></tr>
<tr><td>djup, djupare, djupast</td><td>''deep, deeper, the deepest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett djup, flera djup</td><td>''a depth, several depths''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett djur, flera djur</td><td>''an animal, several animals''</td></tr>
<tr><td>djärv, djärvare, djärvast</td><td>''brave, braver, the bravest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>dunkel, dunklare, dunklast</td><td>''dark, darker, the darkest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en dusch, flera duschar</td><td>''a shower, several showers''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en fors, flera forsar</td><td>''a stream, several streams?''</td></tr>
<tr><td>färsk, färskare, fäskast</td><td>''ripe, riper, the ripest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) ge, ger gav, givit</td><td>''to give, gives, gave, given''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) göra, gör, gjorde, gjort</td><td>''to do, does, did, done''</td></tr>
<tr><td>generell, mer generell, mest generell</td><td>''general, more general, the most general''</td></tr>
<tr><td>generös, mer generös, mest generös</td><td>''generous, more generous, the most generous''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en giraff, flera giraffer</td><td>''a giraffe, several giraffes''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en hjälp, mycket hjälp</td><td>''a help, much help</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) inhägna</td><td>''to fence off''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) kela</td><td>''to caress''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en kind, flera kinder</td><td>''a cheek, several cheeks''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett Kina, flera Kina</td><td>''a China, several China''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en kiosk, flera kiosker</td><td>''a kiosk, several kiosks''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en kjol, flera kjolar</td><td>''a shirt, several shirts''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en kurs, flera kurser</td><td>''a course, several courses''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en kyrka, flera kyrkor</td><td>''a church, several churches''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en kärlek, flera kärlekar</td><td>''a love, several loves''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett körsbär, flera körsbär</td><td>''a cherry, several cherries''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ljuvlig, ljuvligare, ljuvligast</td><td>''sweet, sweeter, the sweetest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett ord, flera ord</td><td>''a word, several words''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett schack, flera schack</td><td>''a chess, several chesses''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett schampo, flera schampo</td><td>''a shampoo, several shampoos''</td></tr>
<tr><td>den sjätte</td><td>''the six:th''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett skinn, flera skinn</td><td>''a skin, several skins''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en situation, flera situationer</td><td>''a situation, several situations''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en skjorta, flera skjortor</td><td>''a shirt, several shirts''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett skjul, flera skjul</td><td>''a shed, several sheds''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en station, flera stationer</td><td>''a station, several stations''</td></tr>
<tr><td>stilla, mer stilla, mest stilla</td><td>''calm, calmer, the calmest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en stjälk, flera stjälkar</td><td>''a stem, several stems''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en stjärna, flera stjärnor</td><td>''a star, several stars''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en stjärt, flera stjärtar</td><td>''a but, several buts''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en sång, flera sånger</td><td>''a song, several songs''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett tjog, flera tjog</td><td>''an amount of twenty, several amounts of twenty</td></tr>
<tr><td>en stjärt, flera stjärtar</td><td>''a but, several buts''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) tjäna</td><td>''to earn''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) tjusa</td><td>''to amaze''</td></tr>
<tr><td>lugn, lugnare, lugnast</td><td>''calm, calmer, the calmest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett regn, flera regn</td><td>''a rain, several rains''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett skepp, flera skepp</td><td>''a ship, several ships''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en sväng, flera svängar</td><td>''a turn, several turns''</td></tr>
<tr><td>tung, tyngre, tyngst</td><td>''heavy, heavier, the heaviest''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) tvinga</td><td>''to force''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en ugn, flera ugnar</td><td>''a owen, several owens''</td></tr>
<tr><td>usch!</td><td>''ouch!''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en zon, flera zoner</td><td>''a zone, several zones''</td></tr>
</table>

{{swedish}}