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Archive:Johnstone Gallery

2007-11-14T15:54:03Z

67.167.166.218:

The '''Johnstone Gallery''' was a leading private gallery located in the suburb of [[Bowen Hills]] in [[Brisbane]], [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]. It was co-owned by [[Brian Johnstone]] and his wife, [[Marjorie Johnstone]].

==Unique Character==

The Johnstone Gallery had a unique character. It was housed in a privately owned, purpose built, Gallery in a large sub-tropical rainforest setting. Owners Brian and Marjorie Johnstone were extremely successful gallery curators and apart from having their own unique collection of Australian and overseas art, they managed to attract leading Australian Artists such as Sir [[Sidney Nolan]], [[Robert Dickerson]], [[Lawrence Daws]], [[Margaret Olley]], [[Charles Blackman]], [[Ray Crooke]],[[Arthur Boyd]], [[Donald Friend]] and many others to exhibit their artworks at special exhibitions.

The heydays of the Johnstone Gallery occurred in post-war Brisbane. Brisbane was sadly not known for great visual art offerings outside the [[Queensland Art Gallery]].

Not content with just operating their gallery, Brian and Majorie Johnstone opened their sub-tropical rainforest garden for the staging of the theatre productions. Between [[24 April|24]]-[[27 April]], [[1962]], Twelfth Night Theatre, then situated in inner city Wickham Terrace, staged [[Aristophanes]]' ''[[Lysistrata]]'' with the set and costumes designed by Quentin Hole. It was a unique moment in the history of theatre in Brisbane.

==More Than Just a Gallery - A Unique Cultural Complex==

Brian and Marjorie Johnstone were not content with just operating their gallery. They truly wanted to establish a unique suburban artistic precinct in Brisbane. With this in mind they planned as early as 1966 to form a committee to establish a theatre on part of the ground the gallery occupied. This would later become the place for the building of the current [[Twelfth Night Theatre]]. Prior to the commencement of the building of the theatre, a production of ''[[Under Milk Wood]]'' by [[Dylan Thomas]] was staged in a tent on the site of the future theatre. Building work began in 1969. The theatre opened in February 1971 at the Bowen Hills site under the direction of [[Joan Whalley]] with two productions, ''[[A Flea In Her Ear]]'' by [[Georges Feydeau]] and ''[[The Rose and The Ring]]'' by [[William Makepeace Thackeray]]. The Johnstones were delighted, as Brian wrote to [[Sidney Nolan]]:

"...with the new half-million dollar theatre next door, the establishment is now nicely rounded off, so perhaps one of these days Marjorie and I will be able to play ladies and gentlemen of the art world!"
<ref>Letter from Brian Johnstone to Sidney Nolan, [[24 March]] [[1971]]: The Johnstone Gallery Archive: Sidney Nolan Correspondence File: RBHARC 7/3/69</ref>

The theatre is still functioning today under the directorship of [[Gail Wiltshire]].

==Legacy==

Although the Johnstone Gallery closed in 1972, the artistic vision of Brian and Marjorie Johnstone lives on not only in the memories of those who knew them personally, the artists who held exhibitions at their gallery and the many people who visited as patrons but also by the extensive Johnstone Gallery Archive held in trust for the people of Queensland at the [[State Library of Queensland]]. The Johnstones were ground breakers and Brisbane owes them a great mark of gratitutde for the considerable work that they achieved.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Refimprove|article|date=May 2007}}

==External links==

* [http://www.jga.slq.qld.gov.au/asp/index.asp?pgid=1340&cid=9028&gid=16/ Johnstone Gallery Archive] Provides a comprehensive history of the Johnstone Gallery and Twelfth Night Theatre - using primary sources from the time.
* [http://www.twelfthnighttheatre.com.au/ Twelfth Night Theatre website] Official theatre website.

[[Category:Art museums and galleries in Australia]]
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Brisbane]]

NGC 4314

2007-11-11T00:05:09Z

67.167.166.218:

{{Galaxy
| name = [[New General Catalogue|NGC]] 4314
| image = [[Image:NGC4314.jpg|250px]]
<small>A [[Hubble Space Telescope]] (HST) image of NGC 4314.<br/>Credit: HST/[[NASA]]/[[ESA]].</small>
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| type = SB(rs)a<ref name="ned">{{cite web
| title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
| work=Results for NGC 4314
| url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/
| accessdate=2007-04-05}}</ref>
| ra = {{RA|12|22|32}}<ref name="ned" />
| dec = {{DEC|+29|53|43}}<ref name="ned" />
| dist_ly =
| z = 963 ± 5 [[kilometer|km]]/[[second|s]]<ref name="ned" />
| appmag_v = 11.4<ref name="ned" />
| size_v = 4′.2 × 3′.7<ref name="ned" />
| constellation name = [[Coma Berenices]]
| notes =
| names = [[Uppsala General Catalogue|UGC]] 7443,<ref name="ned" /> [[Principal Galaxies Catalogue|PGC]] 40097<ref name="ned" />
}}

'''NGC 4314''' is a [[barred spiral galaxy]] approximately 40 million [[light-years]] away in the [[constellation]] [[Coma Berenices]]. Perhaps the most prominent and unusual feature is its "nuclear starbust ring." It is thought that this explosion of star formation has occurred over the past few millions of years. This time frame is remarkably short in astronomical terms because most [[main sequence]] stars have lifetimes of billions of years and their birth is not usually uniform throughout a galaxy. Further study will be required to understand more about the evolution of such ring structures in galaxies.

==External links==
* [http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap991212.html '''APOD''': December 12, 1999]
* [http://mcdonaldobservatory.org/news/releases/2002/0409.html '''McDonald Observatory''': 9 April 2002 News Release]
* [http://www.spacetelescope.org/bin/images.pl?searchtype=freesearch&string=4314 '''ESA/Hubble''' NGC 4314]

==References==

<div class="references-small"><references/></div>

[[Category:Spiral galaxies]]
[[Category:Barred spiral galaxies]]
[[Category:Coma Berenices constellation]]
[[Category:NGC objects|4314]]
[[Category:UGC objects|07443]]
[[Category:PGC objects|40097]]

[[de:NGC 4314]]
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[[uk:NGC 4314]]

Archive:Hoag's Object

2007-11-09T03:50:05Z

67.167.166.218:

{{Galaxy
| name = Hoag's Object
| image = [[Image:Hoag'sobject.jpg|300px]]<br />
<small>Hoag's Object taken by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]].<br>
Courtesy of [[NASA]]/[[ESA]]</small>
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| ra = {{RA|15|17|14.4}}<ref name="ned">{{cite web
| title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database
| work=Results for Hoag's Object
| url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/
| accessdate=2006-12-21}}</ref>
| dec = {{DEC|+21|35|08}}<ref name="ned" />
| constellation name = [[Serpens Caput]]
| z = 12,740 ± 50 [[kilometer|km]]/[[second|s]]<ref name="OConnelletal1974">{{cite journal
| author=O'Connell, Robert W.; Scargle, Jeffrey D.; Sargent, W. L. W.
| title=The Nature of Hoag's Object . .
| journal=Astrophysical Journal
| year=1974
| volume=191
| pages=61-62
| url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1974ApJ...191...61O }}</ref><ref name="ned" />
| dist_ly = 600 ± 30 [[light-year|Mly]] (183 ± 8 [[parsec|Mpc]])<ref name="OConnelletal1974" />{{Ref_label|A|a|none}}
| type = SA0(r){{Fact|date=February 2007}}
| appmag_v = 16.0<ref name="ned" />
| size_v = 0′.28 × 0′.28<ref name="ned" />
| notes = Ring galaxy
| names = [[Principal Galaxies Catalogue|PGC]] 54559,<ref name="ned" /> PRC D-51<ref name="ned" />
}}

'''Hoag's Object''' is a non-typical [[galaxy]] of the type known as a [[ring galaxy]]. The appearance of this object has interested amateur astronomers as much as its uncommon structure has fascinated professionals. The galaxy was discovered in [[1950]] by astronomer [[Art Hoag]] who identified it as either a [[planetary nebula]] or a [[peculiar galaxy]].<ref name="Hoag1950">{{cite journal
| author=Hoag, Arthur A.
| title=A peculiar object in Serpens
| journal=Astronomical Journal
| year=1950
| volume=55
| pages=170
| url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1950AJ.....55Q.170H
}}</ref>

==Characteristics==
A nearly perfect ring of young hot blue [[star]]s circle the older yellow nucleus of this ring galaxy ~600 million [[light-year]]s away in the constellation [[Serpens]]. The diameter of the 6″ inner core of the galaxy is about 17 ± 0.7 kly (5.3 ± 0.2 kpc) while the surrounding ring has an inner 28″ diameter of 75 ± 3 kly (24.8 ± 1.1 kpc) and an outer 45″ diameter of 121 ± 4 kly (39.9 ± 1.7 kpc), which is slightly larger than the [[Milky Way Galaxy]].<ref name="OConnelletal1974" />{{Ref_label|A|a|none}} The gap separating the two stellar populations may contain some [[star cluster]]s that are almost too faint to see. As rare as this type of galaxy is, oddly another more distant ring galaxy can be seen, between the nucleus and the outer ring at the 0100 (one o'clock) position.

==History and formation==
Even though Hoag's Object was clearly shown on the [[Palomar Star Survey|Palomar ''Star Survey'']], it was not included in either the ''[[Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies]]'', the ''[[Catalogue of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies]]'', or the ''[[Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae]]''.<ref name="OConnelletal1974" />

In the initial announcement of his discovery, Art Hoag proposed the hypothesis that the visible ring was a product of [[gravitational lensing]]. This idea was later discarded because the nucleus and the ring have the same [[redshift]], and because more advanced telescopes revealed the knotty structure of the ring, something that would not be visible if the ring were the product of gravitational lensing.<ref name="Schweizeretal1987">{{cite journal
| author=Schweizer, Francois; Ford, W. Kent, Jr.; Jederzejewski, Robert; Giovanelli, Riccardo
| title=The structure and evolution of Hoag's object
| journal=Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X)
| year=[[September 15]] [[1987]]
| volume=320
| pages=454-463
| url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1987ApJ...320..454S
}}</ref>

Many of the details of the galaxy remain a mystery, foremost of which is how it formed. So-called "classic" ring galaxies are generally formed by the collision of a small galaxy with a larger disk-shaped galaxy. This collision produces a density wave in the disk which leads to a characteristic ring-like appearance. However, there is no sign of any second galaxy that would have acted as the "bullet", and the core of Hoag's Object has a very low velocity relative to the ring, making the typical formation hypothesis quite unlikely.

It has been suggested that Hoag's Object might be a product of an extreme "bar instability" which occurred a few billion years ago in a [[barred spiral galaxy]]. Schweizer, et al. (1987)<ref name="Schweizeretal1987" /> claim that this is an unlikely hypothesis because the nucleus of the object is spheroidal, whereas the nucleus of a barred spiral galaxy is disc-shaped, among other reasons. However, they admit evidence is somewhat thin for this particular dispute to be settled satisfactorily. Interestingly, a few galaxies share the primary characteristics of Hoag's Object, including a bright detached ring of stars, but their centers are elongated or barred, and they may exhibit some spiral structure. While none match Hoag's Object in symmetry, this handful of galaxies are known to some as Hoag-type galaxies.

While there is much still to be explained about the formation of Hoag's Object, it is suggested that a major "accretion event", in other words a collision or a capturing of one galaxy by another, caused the formation of the galaxy we see today. The event likely took place at least 2-3 billion years in the past, and may have resembled the processes that form [[polar-ring galaxy|polar-ring galaxies]].

==External links==

* [http://heritage.stsci.edu/2002/21/big.html Hubble Space Telescope image of Hoag's Object.]
* http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Rings/Rings17_2.html
* http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/2002/21/index.html
*[http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/opo0221a.html ESA/Hubble image of Hoag's Object]

== Notes ==
<div class="references-small">
<ol type="a">
<li>{{Note_label|A|a|none}}1974 O'Connell paper<ref name="OConnelletal1974" /> assumes a [[Hubble constant]] of 75 this figure adjusts for 2006's 70{{±|2.4|3.2}} (km/s)/Mpc.</li>
</ol>
</div>

==References==

<div class="references-small"><references/></div>

[[Category:Ring galaxies]]
[[Category:Serpens constellation]]
[[Category:PGC objects|54559]]

[[de:Hoags Objekt]]
[[fr:Objet de Hoag]]
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[[sk:Hoagov objekt]]