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Archive:Introduction to German

2007-06-05T19:42:28Z

67.62.139.11: /* '''Common Greetings''' */

Welcome to '''Introduction to German'''.

==Unit Summary==
* '''Course code:''' ALAU101:
* '''Suggested Prerequisites:'''
** ...
* '''Time investment:'''
* '''Assessment suggestions:'''
* '''Faculty:''' Humanities
* '''School:''' [[School:Language and Literature]]
* '''Department:''' [[Topic:Language Aquisition]]
* '''Stream''' [[German Stream]]
* '''Level:''' Beginner

==Content summary==

==Intended outcome==

==Unit materials==

* '''Study guide:'''
* '''Wikipedia article:''' [[w: German_Language ]]

Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
* ...

Learning materials and [[Portal:Learning Projects|learning projects]] are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a [[link]] to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the [[Wikiversity:Namespaces|main namespace]]) and start writing!

===Texts===
An open-ended German book.
*[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/German German wikibook]

===Lessons===
*[[The Pronouns]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written (probably first).

*[[Introduction to basic German verbs]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written.

*[[:Image:ABC-Song.ogg|ABC-Song]] - audio file, also [[Image:German alphabet.ogg]]

===[[Introduction_to_German/Input|'''Typing German characters into a computer''']]===
For a PC, you have quick access by typing the following: 
ß - alt+0223 
ä - alt+0228 
ö - alt+0246 
ü - alt+0252 

On a Mac, the commands are as follows: 
ß - ⌥ + s 
ä - ⌥ + u, a 
ö - ⌥ + u, o 
ü - ⌥ + u, u 

Note: the umlaut can be assigned to any vowel by first holding '⌥' and pressing the 'u' key. It will then wait for a vowel key to be pressed.

=== Pronunciation / Alphabet ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Alphabet'''
|-
! German !! English Equivalent
|-
| A || Ah
|-
| B || Bay
|-
| C || Say
|-
| D || Day
|-
| E || Ay
|-
| F || Eff
|-
| G || Gay
|-
| H || Hah
|-
| I || Ee
|-
| J || Yote
|-
| K || Kah
|-
| L || Ell
|-
| M || Emm
|-
| N || En
|-
| O || Oh
|-
| P || Pay
|-
| Q || Coo
|-
| R || Err
|-
| S || Ess
|-
| T || Tay
|-
| U || Ooh
|-
| V || Fow
|-
| W || Vay
|-
| X || Ihks / Eeks
|-
| Y || oops-ill-on (derived from upsilon)
|-
| Z || Tset
|-
| ß || Ess-Tset (Can be subistituted with two S's (Straße or Strasse))
|}

=== Vocabulary ===

==== Expressions of Time ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Specific Time'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| die Zeit || time
|-
| die Stunde || hour
|-
| die Minute || minute
|-
| die Sekunde || second
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Generic Times'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Tag || day
|-
| der Morgen || morning
|-
| der Mittag || midday/noon
|-
| der Nachmittag|| afternoon
|-
| der Abend || evening
|-
| die Nacht || night
|-
| die Mitternacht || midnight
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Past/Future/Present'''
! German || English
|-
| gestern || yesterday
|-
| heute || today
|-
| morgen || tomorrow
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Greetings|'''Common Greetings''']]====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| Hallo! || Hello!
|-
| guten Morgen || Good Morning
|-
| guten Abend || Good Evening
|-
| gute Nacht || Good Night (Only say if you're going to bed! Use 'Guten Abend' until bedtime. Regardless of the hour.)
|-
| guten Tag || Hello/Good Day
|-
| Tag! || (shorter version of above)
|-
| grüß dich! || Hello (informal/regional)
|-
| Ich heiße... || My name is...
|-
| wie geht's? || How are you?
|-
| was gibt's? || What's up? (Literally: What gives it?) (informal/regional)
|-
| grüß gott! || Hello (Literally: Greet god) (informal/regional, southern germany/austria mainly)
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Numbers|'''Numbers''']]====
===== Cardinal Numbers =====
{| class="sort wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number !! German !! English
|-
| 1 || eins || one
|-
| 2 || zwei || two
|-
| 3 || drei || three
|-
| 4 || vier || four
|-
| 5 || fünf || five
|-
| 6 || sechs || six
|-
| 7 || sieben || seven
|-
| 8 || acht || eight
|-
| 9 || neun || nine
|-
| 10 || zehn || ten
|}
*Eleven and twelve are irregular:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| elf || eleven
|-
| zwölf || twelve
|}

*Numbers 13 through 19 are created as follows:
First digit number + 'zehn'
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| dreizehn || thirteen
|-
| vierzehn || fourteen
|-
| fünfzehn || fifteen
|-
| sechzehn || sixteen
|-
| siebzehn || seventeen
|-
| achtzehn || eighteen
|-
| neunzehn || nineteen
|}
Note: The "-s" in "Sechs" and the "-en" in "Sieben" are dropped in the combination.
 
 

===== Double Digits =====
*In German, two digit numbers are created by:
adding the suffix "-zig." (similar to English "-ty").

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| zwanzig|| twenty
|-
| dreißig || thirty
|-
| vierzig || forty
|-
| fünfzig || fifty
|-
| sechzig || sixty
|-
| siebzig || seventy
|-
| achtzig || eighty
|-
| neunzig || ninety
|}
Note: The spellings of zwanzig (20), dreißig (30), sechzig (60), and siebzig (70) are irregular. 

*Two digit numbers that do not end with zero are made as follows:
second digit + und + the number as it would be said if it ended in zero (English Example: 42 / Two and Fourty / twoandfourty / Zwei und vierzig / zweiundvierzig)

Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| einundzwanzig || 21
|-
| siebunddreißig || 37
|-
| sechsundvierzig || 46
|-
| vierundsechzig || 64
|-
| neunundneunzig || 99
|-
|}
*Large numbers are similar to English:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| hundert || 100
|-
| tausend || 1.000
|-
| Million || 1.000.000
|-
| Milliarde || 1.000.000.000
|-
| Trillion || 1.000.000.000.000
|-
|}
Note: Periods (.) are used to divide large numbers into groups of three, as opposed to commas (,).
*Commas are used as decomal points:
1.001 = "one thousand"
1,001 = "one point zero zero one"

===Sports===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Amerikanische Fußball || American football
|-
| der Fußball || football/soccer
|-
| der Tischtennis || tabletennis/Pingpong
|-
|}

=== Important verbs ===
Verb tables below
*[[Sein]]
*[[Haben]]
*[[German modal verbs|Modal verbs]]
*[[Regular verbs]]

=== Other Verbs ===
*[[gehen]] to go
*[[machen]] to do
*brauchen- to need
*essen- to eat
*heissen- to be called (as in, "her name is"; "sie heisst Claudia...")
*wissen- to know (knowledge, information)
*kennen- to know (acquaintance)
*spielen- to play
*besuchen- to visit
*laufen- to run
*radfahren- to ride a bike (Separable prefix. Ex. Ich fahre rad. (I ride a bike.))
*lachen = to laugh
*sehen = to see (Stem-changer... for du, er, sie, and es change the first 'e' to 'ie'): Ex. Siehst du mich? (Do you see me?)
*möchten = to would like
*fliegen = to fly
*lieben = to love
*schlafen = to sleep (Stem-changer. Change 'a' to umlauted 'a'.)
*weinen = to cry
*mögen = to like (Stem changer, change umlauted 'o' to 'a' in du, er, sie, and es forms. (Ex. Ich mag Katzen: I like cats.))

===Assignments===

To help you get acquainted with the written language, use this subpage to get in contact with German speaking Wikiversity participants.

==Active participants==
*[[User:Exorcist_bob | Exorcist_bob]]
*[[User:Mjvp13 | MjVP13]]
*[[User:Daniel M. Roberts | Daniel M. Roberts]]
*[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]]
*--[[User:Smithgrrl|Smithgrrl]] 02:38, 5 November 2006 (UTC) Ich spreche Deutsch nicht besonders gut, aber möchte gerne helfen wenn ich kann!
*[[User:Kaiti|Kaiti]] Ich werde wenn ich kann helfen!
*[[User:Enlil Ninlil|Enlil Ninlil]] 04:13, 27 April 2007 (UTC)
[[Category:German]]
[[Category:Introductions]]
[[Category:Multilingual Studies]]

Archive:Home insurance

2007-05-02T04:29:05Z

67.62.171.136: /* United States */ added national homeowners insurance directory

'''Home insurance''', also commonly called '''hazard insurance''' or '''homeowners insurance''' (often abbreviated in the real estate industry as '''HOI'''), is the type of [[property insurance]] that covers private homes. It is an [[insurance]] policy that combines various personal insurance protections, which can include losses occurring to one's home, its contents, loss of its use (additional living expenses), or loss of other personal possessions of the homeowner, as well as [[liability]] insurance for accidents that may happen at the home.

The cost of homeowners insurance often depends on what it would cost to replace the house and which additional riders—additional items to be insured—are attached to the policy. The insurance policy itself is a lengthy contract, and names what will and what will not be paid in the case of various events. Typically, claims due to [[earthquakes]], [[floods]], "[[Act of God|Acts of God]]", or war (whose definition typically includes a nuclear explosion from any source) are excluded. Special insurance can be purchased for these possibilities, including [[flood insurance]] and [[earthquake insurance]].

The home insurance policy is usually a term contract—a contract that is in effect for a fixed period of time. The payment the insured makes to the insurer is called the premium. The insured must pay the insurer the premium each term. Most insurers charge a lower premium if it appears less likely the home will be damaged or destroyed: for example, if the house is situated next to a [[fire apparatus|fire station]], or if the house is equipped with fire sprinklers and fire alarms. [[Perpetual Insurance|Perpetual insurance]], which is a type of home insurance without a fixed term, can also be obtained in certain areas.

In the [[United States]], most home buyers borrow money in the form of a [[mortgage loan]], and the mortgage lender always requires that the buyer purchase homeowners insurance as a condition of the loan, in order to protect the bank if the home were to be destroyed. Anyone with an insurable interest in the property should be listed on the policy. In some cases the mortagagee will waive the need for the mortgagor to carry homeowner's insurance if the value of the land exceeds the amount of the mortgage balance. In a case like this even the total destruction of any buildings would not affect the ability of the lender to be able to foreclose and recover the full amount of the loan. The insurance crisis in Florida has meant that some waterfront property owners in that state have had to make that decision due to the high cost of premiums. See [[Citizens insurance]].
== Types of Homeowners Insurance ==
===United States===
As described in Wiening et. al.<ref>{{note_label|PI|2002: 5.3–5.4|none}}{{cite book
| last = Wiening
| first = Eric
| authorlink =
| coauthors = George Rejda, Constance Luthardt, Cheryl Ferguson
| editor =
| others =
| title = '''Personal Insurance'''
| origdate =
| origyear =
| origmonth =
| url =
| format =
| accessdate =
| accessyear =
| accessmonth =
| edition = 1st edition
| date =
| year = 2002
| month =
| publisher = American Institute for Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters/Insurance Institute of America
| location = [[Malvern, Pennsylvania]]
| language =
| id = ISBN 0-89463-108-X
| pages =
| chapter =
| chapterurl =
}}
</ref>, prior to the 1950s, there were separate policies for the various perils that could affect a home. A homeowner would have had to purchase separate policies covering fire losses, theft, personal property, and the like. During the 1950s, policy forms were developed, allowing the homeowner to purchase all the insurance they needed on one complete policy. However, these policies varied by insurance company, and were difficult to comprehend.
The need for standardization grew so great that a private company based in [[Jersey City]], [[New Jersey]], [[Insurance Services Office]], also known as the [http://www.iso.com/ ISO], was formed in 1971 to provide risk information and issued a simplified homeowners policy for resell to insurance companies. These policies have been amended over the years until currently, the ISO has seven standardized homeowners insurance forms in general and consistent use . Of these HO-3 is the most common policy followed by HO-4 and HO-6. Others that are less used, though still significant, are HO-1, HO-2, HO-5, and HO-8. Each is summarized below:

;HO-1:A limited policy that offers varying degrees of coverage but only for items specifically outlined in the policy. These might be used to cover a valuable object found in the home, such as a painting.
;HO-2:Similar to HO-1, HO-2 is a limited policy in that it covers specific portions of a house against damage. The coverage is usually a "named perils" policy, which lists the events that would be covered. As above, these factors must be spelled out in the policy.
;HO-3:This policy is the most commonly written policy for a homeowner and is designed to cover all aspects of the home, structure and its contents as well as any liability that may arise from daily use, as well as any visitors who may encounter accident or injury on the premises. Covered aspects as well as limits of liability must be clearly spelled out in the policy to insure proper coverage. The coverage is usually called "all risk". Also called an "open perils" policy.
;HO-4:This is commonly referred to as renters insurance or renter's coverage. Similar to HO-6, this policy covers those aspects of the apartment and its contents not specifically covered in the blanket policy written for the complex. This policy can also cover liabilities arising from accidents and intentional injuries for guests as well as passers-by up to 150' of the domicile. Common coverage areas are events such as lightning, riot, aircraft, explosion, vandalism, smoke, theft, windstorm or hail, falling objects, volcanic eruption, snow, sleet, and weight of ice.
;HO-5:This policy, similar to HO-3, covers a home (not a condo or apartment), the homeowner and its possessions as well as any liability that might arise from visitors or passers-by. This coverage is differentiated in that it covers a wider breadth and depth of incidents and losses than an HO-3.
;HO-6:As a form of supplemental homeowner's insurance, '''HO-6''', also known as a Condominium Coverage, is designed especially for the owners of condos. It includes coverage for the part of the building owned by the insured and for the property housed therein of the insured. Designed to span the gap between what the homeowner's association might cover in a blanket policy written for an entire neighborhood and those items of importance to the insured, typically the HO-6 covers liability for residents and guests of the insured in addition to personal property. The liability coverage, depending on the underwriter, premium paid, and other factors of the policy, can cover incidents up to 150' from the insured property, all valuables within the home from theft, fire or water damage or other forms of loss. It is important to read the Associations By-laws to determine the total amount of insurance needed on your dwelling.
;HO-8: It is usually called "older home" insurance. It lets house owners with higher replacement cost than the market value insure them at the lower market value rate.

In addition, a '''Dwelling Fire''' policy is generally available for non-commercial owners of rented houses, covering property damage to the structure, and sometimes to the owner's personal property (such as appliances and furnishings). The owner's liability is generally extended from their own primary home insurance, and does not comprise part of the Dwelling Fire policy. It is a counterpart to the HO-4 '''renter's''' policy. In 2005, the National Directory of Homeowner's Insurance Agents or [http://www.insuremyhouse.com/ InsureMyHouse.com] was founded to simplify the insurance process.

==References==
<div class="references-small"><references /></div>

[[Category:Types of insurance]]