https://ideawaza.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=68.3.251.140 2026-09-29T22:23:57Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.46.0 https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Total_parenteral_nutrition&diff=30180 2006-06-05T00:08:06Z

<p>68.3.251.140: </p> <hr /> <div>'''Total parenteral nutrition''' (TPN), is the practice of feeding a person without using the [[gut]], i.e. intravenously. It is normally used following surgery, when feeding by mouth or using the gut is not possible, or when a person's digestive system cannot absorb nutrients due to [[chronic (medicine)|chronic disease]], or, alternatively, if a person's nutrient requirement cannot be met by [[enteral feeding]] (tube feeding) and supplementation. It has been used for [[Coma|comatose]] patients, although enteral feeding is usually preferable, and less prone to complications. Long-term TPN is occasionally used to treat people suffering the extended consequences of an accident or surgery. Most controversially, TPN has extended the life of a small number of children born with nonexistent or severely birth-deformed guts. The oldest were eight years old in [[2003]].<br /> <br /> The preferred method of delivering TPN is with a medical [[infusion pump]]. A [[sterile]] bag of nutrient solution, between 500 mL and 4 L is provided. The pump infuses a small amount (0.1 to 10 mL/hr) continuously in order to keep the vein open. Feeding schedules vary, but one common regimen ramps up the nutrition over a few hours, levels off the rate for a few hours, and then ramps it down over a few more hours, in order to simulate a normal set of meal times.<br /> <br /> The nutrient solution consists of [[water]], [[glucose]], [[salt]]s, [[amino acid]]s, [[vitamin]]s and (more controversially) sometimes emulsified [[fat]]s. Long term TPN patients sometimes suffer from lack of trace nutrients or [[electrolyte]] imbalances. Because increased [[blood sugar]] commonly occurs with TPN, [[insulin]] may also be added to the infusion. Occasionally, other drugs are added as well. <br /> <br /> Chronic TPN is performed through a [[Hickman line]] or a [[Port-a-Cath]] (venous access systems). In infants, sometimes the umbilical artery is used. <br /> <br /> Battery-powered ambulatory infusion pumps are used with chronic TPN patients, and usually the pump and a small (100 ml) bag of nutrient to keep the vein open are carried in a fanny pack. Outpatient TPN practices are still being refined.<br /> <br /> Aside from their dependence on a pump, chronic TPN patients live quite normal lives.<br /> <br /> ==Complications==<br /> <br /> The most common complication of TPN use is bacterial infection, usually due to the increased infection risk from having an indwelling [[central venous catheter]]. Rarely, [[liver]] failure may occur. The cause is unknown, but may be insufficient nutrition - the liver normally processes the [[blood]] returning from the gut.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Intravenous drip]]<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *[http://www.heinrick.com/ryan/tpn.cfm TPN/PPN Calculator]<br /> <br /> [[Category:nutrition]]<br /> [[Category:intensive care medicine]]<br /> <br /> [[de:Parenterale Ernährung]]<br /> [[ja:高カロリー輸液]]<br /> [[pt:Nutrição parenteral]]</div>

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