<?xml version="1.0"?>
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	<id>https://ideawaza.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=68.96.0.0%2F16</id>
	<title>IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://ideawaza.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=68.96.0.0%2F16"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/wiki/Special:Contributions/68.96.0.0/16"/>
	<updated>2026-09-29T20:06:28Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.46.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Community_0&amp;diff=5192</id>
		<title>Archive:Community 0</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Community_0&amp;diff=5192"/>
		<updated>2009-03-09T23:26:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Playa Viña2.JPG|thumb|right|270px]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{RightTOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome. &#039;&#039;&#039;Wikademia&#039;&#039;&#039; is a place for learning and original research. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Some of what you can do here includes===&lt;br /&gt;
* Write a scholarly book&lt;br /&gt;
* Organize a research or learning project&lt;br /&gt;
* Practice writing (start writing a fictional book or story), math, or other skills&lt;br /&gt;
* Organize, conduct, and publish research (create an online peer reviewed journal)&lt;br /&gt;
* Create lesson plans and learning resources so that you and others can use them&lt;br /&gt;
* Collaboratively manage and organize the creation of a documentary (film) or free software&lt;br /&gt;
__NOEDITSECTION__&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- ___Please use below this line for discussion___ --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Technical issues ==&lt;br /&gt;
I tried to set my preferences (twice) to have the software add pages I edit to my watch list. It does not seem to be working. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 16:27, 17 January 2009 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Okay, that last edit put this page into my watch list. I wonder if it is possible that only main namespace pages were being added to my watch list. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 16:41, 17 January 2009 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::I just added a topic and school to my watchlist... [[User:Wikademia|Wikademia]] 17:10, 17 January 2009 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Licence==&lt;br /&gt;
What is the licence of the site? Creative commons or GFDL or both?  You need to specify it at the bottom of the edit box or else every contribution is presumed copyrighted. [[User:H|H]] 00:56, 10 February 2009 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Both. See also, [[Project:Copyrights]]. You are right. I need to put it at the bottom too... I suppose a text link to both cc-by-sa and gfdl (newest) at the bottom where the icon would usually be should suffice. Seem reasonable? Then we may migrate purely to cc-by-sa if WP does.  ... This may be a little sticky, but it seems like it should be workable...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- ___Please edit above this line___ --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other open discussions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Project talk:Scope]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ref: should it be installed?==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Support&#039;&#039;&#039; Yes, I definitely believe it should be installed, but the templates for ref are quite annoying and are not convenient or necessary. The feature, while not necessary, is certainly useful and eases the process of creating a bibliography and footnotes. Jonas [[Special:Contributions/68.96.213.118|68.96.213.118]] 23:26, 9 March 2009 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Community]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:68.96.213.118&amp;diff=5809</id>
		<title>User talk:68.96.213.118</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:68.96.213.118&amp;diff=5809"/>
		<updated>2009-03-09T23:22:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The project is for [[project:scope|free learning and research]], and improving the lives of people in the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to the site!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thanks eme. I like contributing to this place, even though I know it&#039;s a giant sockfarm, save Emperor and I. [[Special:Contributions/68.96.213.118|68.96.213.118]] 20:36, 9 March 2009 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
:ahah. Thank you for your contributions. Would you find it productive if ref was installed?&lt;br /&gt;
::Yes. [[Special:Contributions/68.96.213.118|68.96.213.118]] 23:22, 9 March 2009 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Moapa_Band_of_Paiute_Indians&amp;diff=8912</id>
		<title>Archive:Moapa Band of Paiute Indians</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Moapa_Band_of_Paiute_Indians&amp;diff=8912"/>
		<updated>2009-03-09T20:48:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: ref identifier&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;Moapa Band of Paiute Indians&#039;&#039;&#039; are a federally recognized band of [[Southern Paiute]]s (Nuwuvi) who live in Southern Nevada. The Moapa Paiutes traditionally reside in the [[Moapa Valley]], a 40-mile long valley near the Virgin River which encompasses several towns. The Moapa Paiute reservation is an area of land north of Las Vegas and south of Mesquite alongside Interstate 15, and many Moapa Paiutes live there today. The Warm Springs Natural area, which was formerly owned by famous billionaire Howard Hughes and then by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and currently by the Southern Nevada Water Authority, is in the region of the Moapa Paiutes. The Moapa Paiutes&#039; territory is the home of the Moapa dace, an endangered species of fish.&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[1]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; The Moapa Paiutes traditionally used the Desert Fan Palm (&#039;&#039;Washingtonia filifera&#039;&#039;) wood to build huts and the fibers that hang down from the top below the fronds to create roofs.&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[2]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; Since their arrival in the Western United States, Mormons (members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints) have lived near the Moapa Paiutes and still do to this day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
The Moapa Paiutes are a very resourceful people. Spanish colonist settlers arrived in the early 1800s followed by Mormons in the 1860s who sat upon the land in the Moapa Valley tended by Paiutes. The Mormon settlers expropriated the land and took it for themselves, and Natives sometimes reacted by violent resistance. They attempted to build settlements and live, though they couldn&#039;t do so as the Paiutes did. Mormons later departed due to the harshness of the area and their inability to survive in the terrain. &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[3]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
# Brean, H. (2008). [http://www.lvrj.com/news/12968592.html &amp;quot;New owners safeguarding Moapa dace: Fish at home at Warm Springs Ranch&amp;quot;]. &#039;&#039;Las Vegas Review-Journal&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
# Spencer III, W. (1995). [http://www.xeri.com/Moapa/wf-hr-part1.htm &amp;quot;Washingtonia filifera - its history in Nevada revisited&amp;quot;]. xeri.com.&lt;br /&gt;
# Cosgrove, S. (2007). [http://onlinenevada.org/The_Muddy_Mission &amp;quot;The Muddy Mission&amp;quot;]. &#039;&#039;Online Nevada Encyclopedia&#039;&#039;, onlinenevada.org.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Moapa_Band_of_Paiute_Indians&amp;diff=8911</id>
		<title>Archive:Moapa Band of Paiute Indians</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Moapa_Band_of_Paiute_Indians&amp;diff=8911"/>
		<updated>2009-03-09T20:43:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: history section, ref&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;Moapa Band of Paiute Indians&#039;&#039;&#039; are a federally recognized band of [[Southern Paiute]]s (Nuwuvi) who live in Southern Nevada. The Moapa Paiutes traditionally reside in the [[Moapa Valley]], a 40-mile long valley near the Virgin River which encompasses several towns. The Moapa Paiute reservation is an area of land north of Las Vegas and south of Mesquite alongside Interstate 15, and many Moapa Paiutes live there today. The Warm Springs Natural area, which was formerly owned by famous billionaire Howard Hughes and then by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and currently by the Southern Nevada Water Authority, is in the region of the Moapa Paiutes. The Moapa Paiutes&#039; territory is the home of the Moapa dace, an endangered species of fish.&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[1]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; The Moapa Paiutes traditionally used the Desert Fan Palm (&#039;&#039;Washingtonia filifera&#039;&#039;) wood to build huts and the fibers that hang down from the top below the fronds to create roofs.&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[2]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; Since their arrival in the Western United States, Mormons (members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints) have lived near the Moapa Paiutes and still do to this day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
The Moapa Paiutes are a very resourceful people. Spanish colonist settlers arrived in the early 1800s followed by Mormons in the 1860s who sat upon the land in the Moapa Valley tended by Paiutes. The Mormon settlers expropriated the land and took it for themselves, and Natives sometimes reacted by violent resistance. They attempted to build settlements and live, though they couldn&#039;t do so as the Paiutes did. Mormons later departed due to the harshness of the area and their inability to survive in the terrain. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
# Brean, H. (2008). [http://www.lvrj.com/news/12968592.html &amp;quot;New owners safeguarding Moapa dace: Fish at home at Warm Springs Ranch&amp;quot;]. &#039;&#039;Las Vegas Review-Journal&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
# Spencer III, W. (1995). [http://www.xeri.com/Moapa/wf-hr-part1.htm &amp;quot;Washingtonia filifera - its history in Nevada revisited&amp;quot;]. xeri.com.&lt;br /&gt;
# Cosgrove, S. (2007). [http://onlinenevada.org/The_Muddy_Mission &amp;quot;The Muddy Mission&amp;quot;]. &#039;&#039;Online Nevada Encyclopedia&#039;&#039;, onlinenevada.org.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:68.96.213.118&amp;diff=5807</id>
		<title>User talk:68.96.213.118</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:68.96.213.118&amp;diff=5807"/>
		<updated>2009-03-09T20:36:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The project is for [[project:scope|free learning and research]], and improving the lives of people in the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to the site!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thanks eme. I like contributing to this place, even though I know it&#039;s a giant sockfarm, save Emperor and I. [[Special:Contributions/68.96.213.118|68.96.213.118]] 20:36, 9 March 2009 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Moapa_Band_of_Paiute_Indians&amp;diff=8910</id>
		<title>Archive:Moapa Band of Paiute Indians</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Moapa_Band_of_Paiute_Indians&amp;diff=8910"/>
		<updated>2009-03-09T20:14:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; not installed&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;Moapa Band of Paiute Indians&#039;&#039;&#039; are a federally recognized band of [[Southern Paiute]]s (Nuwuvi) who live in Southern Nevada. The Moapa Paiutes traditionally reside in the [[Moapa Valley]], a 40-mile long valley near the Virgin River which encompasses several towns. The Moapa Paiute reservation is an area of land north of Las Vegas and south of Mesquite alongside Interstate 15, and many Moapa Paiutes live there today. The Warm Springs Natural area, which was formerly owned by famous billionaire Howard Hughes and then by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and currently by the Southern Nevada Water Authority, is in the region of the Moapa Paiutes. The Moapa Paiutes&#039; territory is the home of the Moapa dace, an endangered species of fish.&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[1]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; The Moapa Paiutes traditionally used the Desert Fan Palm (&#039;&#039;Washingtonia filifera&#039;&#039;) wood to build huts and the fibers that hang down from the top below the fronds to create roofs.&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[2]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; Since their arrival in the Western United States, Mormons (members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints) have lived near the Moapa Paiutes and still do to this day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
# Brean, H. (2008). [http://www.lvrj.com/news/12968592.html &amp;quot;New owners safeguarding Moapa dace: Fish at home at Warm Springs Ranch&amp;quot;]. &#039;&#039;Las Vegas Review-Journal&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
# Spencer III, W. (1995). [http://www.xeri.com/Moapa/wf-hr-part1.htm &amp;quot;Washingtonia filifera - its history in Nevada revisited&amp;quot;]. xeri.com.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Moapa_Band_of_Paiute_Indians&amp;diff=8909</id>
		<title>Archive:Moapa Band of Paiute Indians</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Moapa_Band_of_Paiute_Indians&amp;diff=8909"/>
		<updated>2009-03-09T20:12:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: ref&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;Moapa Band of Paiute Indians&#039;&#039;&#039; are a federally recognized band of [[Southern Paiute]]s (Nuwuvi) who live in Southern Nevada. The Moapa Paiutes traditionally reside in the [[Moapa Valley]], a 40-mile long valley near the Virgin River which encompasses several towns. The Moapa Paiute reservation is an area of land north of Las Vegas and south of Mesquite alongside Interstate 15, and many Moapa Paiutes live there today. The Warm Springs Natural area, which was formerly owned by famous billionaire Howard Hughes and then by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and currently by the Southern Nevada Water Authority, is in the region of the Moapa Paiutes. The Moapa Paiutes&#039; territory is the home of the Moapa dace, an endangered species of fish.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Brean, H. (2008). [http://www.lvrj.com/news/12968592.html &amp;quot;New owners safeguarding Moapa dace: Fish at home at Warm Springs Ranch&amp;quot;]. &#039;&#039;Las Vegas Review-Journal&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The Moapa Paiutes traditionally used the Desert Fan Palm (&#039;&#039;Washingtonia filifera&#039;&#039;) wood to build huts and the fibers that hang down from the top below the fronds to create roofs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Spencer III, W. (1995). [http://www.xeri.com/Moapa/wf-hr-part1.htm &amp;quot;Washingtonia filifera - its history in Nevada revisited&amp;quot;]. xeri.com.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Since their arrival in the Western United States, Mormons (members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints) have lived near the Moapa Paiutes and still do to this day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Moapa_Band_of_Paiute_Indians&amp;diff=8908</id>
		<title>Archive:Moapa Band of Paiute Indians</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Moapa_Band_of_Paiute_Indians&amp;diff=8908"/>
		<updated>2009-03-09T20:05:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: New page: The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Moapa Band of Paiute Indians&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; are a federally recognized band of Southern Paiutes (Nuwuvi) who live in Southern Nevada. The Moapa Paiutes traditionally reside in the [[Moapa V...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;Moapa Band of Paiute Indians&#039;&#039;&#039; are a federally recognized band of [[Southern Paiute]]s (Nuwuvi) who live in Southern Nevada. The Moapa Paiutes traditionally reside in the [[Moapa Valley]], a 40-mile long valley near the Virgin River which encompasses several towns. The Moapa Paiute reservation is an area of land north of Las Vegas and south of Mesquite alongside Interstate 15, and many Moapa Paiutes live there today. The Warm Springs Natural area, which was formerly owned by famous billionaire Howard Hughes and then by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and currently by the Southern Nevada Water Authority, is in the region of the Moapa Paiutes. The Moapa Paiutes&#039; territory is the home of the Moapa dace (, an endangered species of fish. The Moapa Paiutes traditionally used the Desert Fan Palm (&#039;&#039;Washingtonia filifera&#039;&#039;) wood to build huts and the fibers that hang down from the top below the fronds to create roofs. Since their arrival in the Western United States, Mormons have lived near the Moapa Paiutes and still do to this day.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Developing_Orphan_Products:_FDA_and_Rare_Disease_Day&amp;diff=8216</id>
		<title>Developing Orphan Products: FDA and Rare Disease Day</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Developing_Orphan_Products:_FDA_and_Rare_Disease_Day&amp;diff=8216"/>
		<updated>2009-03-02T21:10:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: Wow! We can plagiarize here! WTF?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The below text is copied from http://www.fda.gov/consumer/updates/oda020808.html&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On this page:&lt;br /&gt;
What Is an Orphan Drug?&lt;br /&gt;
What Is a Humanitarian Use Device?&lt;br /&gt;
How the Orphan Drug Act Has Helped&lt;br /&gt;
FDA&#039;s Office of Orphan Products Development&lt;br /&gt;
Toward a More Promising Future&lt;br /&gt;
Organizations around the world are observing February 28, 2009, as the 2nd annual World Rare Disease Day—an important time for bringing attention to the needs of people with rare diseases.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is committed to advancing rare disease therapies through the development of orphan products. When former President Ronald Reagan signed the Orphan Drug Act (ODA) of 1983 into law, no one could have imagined then that it would become one of the most important pieces of health care legislation today.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ODA means hope for more than 25 million Americans who currently have one of 7,000 rare diseases, which includes rare disorders or conditions. More than 300 orphan products for treatment of rare diseases have been approved by FDA since this groundbreaking legislation went into effect. In the decade before the ODA was passed, only 10 treatments had been developed for rare diseases.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
back to top&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What Is an Orphan Drug?&lt;br /&gt;
The term &amp;quot;orphan drug&amp;quot; refers to a drug or biologic (such as a vaccine or blood product) that treats a rare disease or condition. The ODA defines a disease as rare if fewer than 200,000 people in the United States have it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An orphan drug may be a completely new product or an approved drug that&#039;s being used in the new context of a rare disease. A drug or biologic must be designated an &amp;quot;orphan drug&amp;quot; through an FDA approval process. To date, more than 1,700 drugs and biologics have been designated as orphan drugs, with more than 300 achieving marketing approval.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
back to top&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What Is a Humanitarian Use Device?&lt;br /&gt;
Although medical devices are not eligible for orphan designation, FDA has made it easier and less costly for manufacturers to bring devices for rare diseases to the market through a two-step process.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first step is FDA approval of the device as a Humanitarian Use Device. The second step is FDA approval to market the device under the Humanitarian Device Exemption (HDE) provisions of the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This Act allows a medical device to be approved under certain conditions if manufacturers show that the probable benefit outweighs the risks for patients with an extremely rare condition that affects fewer than 4,000 persons in the United States per year. The provision requires only evidence that the probable health benefit of the device is greater than the risk of use—a standard that is less costly to achieve than the level of safety and effectiveness required for other marketing approvals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To date, FDA&#039;s Office of Orphan Products Development (OOPD) has designated 133 humanitarian use devices, and 44 of those were approved as HDEs. Two such devices include a stent to treat urinary tract obstruction in unborn babies, and a titanium rib for children born unable to survive without an adequate ribcage. Neither of these devices would have been available outside this program.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
back to top&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How the Orphan Drug Act Has Helped&lt;br /&gt;
Developing a new drug or device can be expensive. Because rare diseases affect a relatively small number of people, drug companies generally demonstrate little interest in performing research or development of new products to treat such diseases. Developers face a further difficulty in testing potential treatments because it is difficult to recruit a sufficient number of people to study safety and effectiveness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ODA offers a drug developer financial benefits and incentives in exchange for performing research and development, and fulfilling the requirements to get a drug approved for a rare disease or condition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These financial benefits and incentives include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Annual grant funding to defray the cost of clinical testing&lt;br /&gt;
Tax credits for the costs of clinical research&lt;br /&gt;
Assistance in clinical research study designs&lt;br /&gt;
Seven-year period of exclusive marketing after an orphan drug is approved&lt;br /&gt;
Waiver of Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) filing fees (over $1,000,000 per application for FY 2009)&lt;br /&gt;
These benefits help manufacturers recover the costs of developing a drug for small numbers of people. Since being signed in 1983, the Act has been amended by Congress several times—1984, 1985, 1988, 2007—to provide further incentives for treatment development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In separate legislation in 2007, a newly authorized &amp;quot;priority review voucher&amp;quot; (PRV) for tropical disease treatments may potentially provide additional revenue to support research and development for diseases that are rare in the United States.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
back to top&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
FDA&#039;s Office of Orphan Products Development&lt;br /&gt;
In 1982, FDA established the Office of Orphan Products Development (OOPD) to identify potential orphan products and to promote the development of those that demonstrate promise for diagnosing or treating rare diseases.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The office&#039;s director, Timothy Coté, M.D., MPH, encourages OOPD to foster the development of safe and effective treatments for rare diseases by collaborating with:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
medical and research communities&lt;br /&gt;
professional organizations&lt;br /&gt;
academia&lt;br /&gt;
pharmaceutical industry&lt;br /&gt;
patient organizations&lt;br /&gt;
OOPD&#039;s accomplishments during the 2008 calendar year include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
OOPD granted 165 new orphan drug designations to promising drugs and biologic agents, and 8 new humanitarian use device designations.&lt;br /&gt;
OOPD continued its highly successful grant program to support new and continuing extramural research projects that test the safety and efficacy of promising new drugs, biologics, medical devices, and medical foods for rare diseases and conditions through human clinical trials. Since 1983, OOPD has awarded more than $246 million in support of more than 480 grants, which in turn have contributed to the development of at least 43 FDA-approved products. The total 2009 budget for grants is approximately $14 million. Typically, there are about 80 active grant-funded projects at any one time and approximately 15-20 new grants are funded each year.&lt;br /&gt;
OOPD co-organized a conference with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and FDA&#039;s Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research to highlight the need for a new Coral Snake Antivenom, existing supplies for which will run out in 18 months.&lt;br /&gt;
OOPD inaugurated a new month-long course in collaboration with NIH&#039;s Office of Rare Diseases. In January 2009, 230 attendees participated in &amp;quot;The Science of Small Clinical Trials.&amp;quot; The course was designed to increase awareness about the special requirements of performing drug research and evaluation in small populations.&lt;br /&gt;
OOPD initiated efforts to find potentially promising drugs mentioned in FDA&#039;s records which have been abandoned by their developers for reasons other than their clinical safety and effectiveness (for example, due to a business decision or merger).&lt;br /&gt;
back to top&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Toward a More Promising Future&lt;br /&gt;
The ODA promises to identify and address even more challenging opportunities that might ultimately translate into hope for people with rare diseases or conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Dr. Coté , that means continuing and expanding one of the federal government&#039;s most successful grant programs and increasing the number of promising compounds receiving orphan status designation for rare diseases.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The good news,&amp;quot; Dr. Coté says, &amp;quot;is that dramatic scientific innovations are offering new hope for the formerly incurable; we are truly on the cusp of a radical transformation in treatments for rare diseases.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
This article appears on FDA&#039;s Consumer Health Information Web page (www.fda.gov/consumer), which features the latest updates on FDA-regulated products. Sign up for free e-mail subscriptions at www.fda.gov/consumer/consumerenews.html.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
back to top&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For More Information&lt;br /&gt;
Rare Disease Day 2009&lt;br /&gt;
www.rarediseaseday.org/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
FDA Office of Orphan Products Development (OOPD)&lt;br /&gt;
www.fda.gov/orphan/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
NIH Office of Rare Diseases (ORD)&lt;br /&gt;
http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center&lt;br /&gt;
http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
National Organization for Rare Diseases (NORD)&lt;br /&gt;
www.rarediseases.org/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
back to top&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Updated: February 27, 2009&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.fda.gov/consumer/updates/oda020808.html&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:68.96.213.118&amp;diff=5805</id>
		<title>User talk:68.96.213.118</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:68.96.213.118&amp;diff=5805"/>
		<updated>2009-02-25T18:47:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: rm&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=About_North_American_history&amp;diff=4717</id>
		<title>About North American history</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=About_North_American_history&amp;diff=4717"/>
		<updated>2009-02-25T18:46:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: start stub&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;North America&#039;&#039;&#039; has a very extensive history, beginning with the Indigenous population&#039;s arrival from Siberia some 50,000 years ago and their settlement in the American supercontinent after crossing the Bering land bridge, a bridge which is believed to once have existed across what is today the Bering strait. Events occuring throughout North American history include the fall of the Olmec civilization, the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Maya, the establishment of the British (and later French) colony of Canada, and the establishment of the United States. Manifest destiny, the term used to describe the expansion of the US further westward, and the conquest of territories &amp;quot;from sea to shining sea&amp;quot; by European settlers, had a large impact on the Native populations and on North American history in general.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=History&amp;diff=223</id>
		<title>History</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=History&amp;diff=223"/>
		<updated>2009-02-25T18:40:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: /* Departments and divisions */ +persian&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{RightTOC}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;History&#039;&#039;&#039; related content is to be organized and developed here.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
== Projects and resources ==&lt;br /&gt;
Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wikademia has adopted an applied model for education. Lessons should centered around active learning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Select a descriptive name for each new link. See [[Project:Naming conventions|naming conventions]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[History]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://wikademia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&amp;amp;ns0=1&amp;amp;ns4=1&amp;amp;ns100=1&amp;amp;ns102=1&amp;amp;ns104=1&amp;amp;search=History&amp;amp;fulltext=Advanced+search Search for History at Wikademia]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Readings ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia: History]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Departments and divisions ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:English history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Greek history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Roman history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:European history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:South American history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:North American history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:African history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Asian history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Australian history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Russian history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Japanese history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Korean history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Mexican history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Chinese history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:Persian history]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Topic:]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:History|History]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Schools]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:The_Proprietor_of_Wikademia.org&amp;diff=5868</id>
		<title>User talk:The Proprietor of Wikademia.org</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:The_Proprietor_of_Wikademia.org&amp;diff=5868"/>
		<updated>2009-02-02T05:52:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: New page: This is quite strange, and I suspect that you are not the &amp;quot;proprietor&amp;quot; of this site. According to the [http://who.is/whois-org/ip-address/wikademia.org WHOIS] for the site, the site was cr...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;This is quite strange, and I suspect that you are not the &amp;quot;proprietor&amp;quot; of this site. According to the [http://who.is/whois-org/ip-address/wikademia.org WHOIS] for the site, the site was created on December 26, 2008, in which case the true owner of the site would have an established account, which I believe to be User:Wikademia. Why are you the proprietor, but have not edited until today?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, you forgot to answer my question regarding the obscured WHOIS.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jonas R [[Special:Contributions/68.96.213.118|68.96.213.118]] 05:52, 2 February 2009 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Wikademia&amp;diff=4637</id>
		<title>User talk:Wikademia</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Wikademia&amp;diff=4637"/>
		<updated>2009-02-02T04:46:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Who are you in relation to this site? You seem to be the owner. In that case, why is the Whois obscured behind the DreamHost Proxy &amp;quot;Private Registrant&amp;quot;? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What is the background for the founding of this site? Are you the co-founder? Are there other founders, and if so, who are they?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What are your plans with this site?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The background to this site is quite murky. I can find nothing on the World Wide Web regarding this site except a few advertisements, a place on Wikia formerly called &amp;quot;Wikademia&amp;quot; at academia.wikia.com, which, if this was founded by the same person, the founder was &amp;quot;Sarge Baldy&amp;quot;/Owen at Wikipedia, and some domain expiration sites. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jonas D. Rand&lt;br /&gt;
Las Vegas, Nevada, USA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Special:Contributions/68.96.213.118|68.96.213.118]] 04:46, 2 February 2009 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Sir_Censor&amp;diff=5801</id>
		<title>User talk:Sir Censor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Sir_Censor&amp;diff=5801"/>
		<updated>2009-02-02T04:11:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;So, who is the owner of this site? Is it User:Wikademia? If so, who is s/he? When was it created, what is the background behind it, etc? The about page does not give me much information. [[Special:Contributions/68.96.213.118|68.96.213.118]] 04:11, 2 February 2009 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Sir_Censor&amp;diff=5799</id>
		<title>User talk:Sir Censor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Sir_Censor&amp;diff=5799"/>
		<updated>2009-02-02T01:21:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: minor correction: It was DreamHost, not DomainsByProxy&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Who are you (founder, administrator, random user), what is this wiki about, and can you give me information regarding it? Why is the Whois obscured by private DreamHost Proxy Hosting, and what is the site&#039;s objective? Who founded it? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I discovered this site by looking at an edit by &amp;quot;Wikademia&amp;quot; on www.encyc.org/wiki/ asking if this site can be advertized as Encyc&#039;s sister project. A user of the same name here has redirected his user and user talk pages to the Main Page. --Jonas Rand [[Special:Contributions/68.96.213.118|68.96.213.118]] 01:19, 2 February 2009 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Sir_Censor&amp;diff=5798</id>
		<title>User talk:Sir Censor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Sir_Censor&amp;diff=5798"/>
		<updated>2009-02-02T01:19:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.213.118: New page: Who are you (founder, administrator, random user), what is this wiki about, and can you give me information regarding it? Why is the Whois obscured by private DomainsByProxy, and what is t...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Who are you (founder, administrator, random user), what is this wiki about, and can you give me information regarding it? Why is the Whois obscured by private DomainsByProxy, and what is the site&#039;s objective? Who founded it? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I discovered this site by looking at an edit by &amp;quot;Wikademia&amp;quot; on www.encyc.org/wiki/ asking if this site can be advertized as Encyc&#039;s sister project. A user of the same name here has redirected his user and user talk pages to the Main Page. --Jonas Rand [[Special:Contributions/68.96.213.118|68.96.213.118]] 01:19, 2 February 2009 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.213.118</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Master_of_Business_Administration&amp;diff=24499</id>
		<title>Master of Business Administration</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Master_of_Business_Administration&amp;diff=24499"/>
		<updated>2006-11-14T22:07:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;68.96.23.7: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Welcome to the Wikiversity &#039;&#039;&#039;Master of Business Administration Program&#039;&#039;&#039;, part of the [[School:Business|School of Business]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Introduction==&lt;br /&gt;
This document will link and organize the information found here on WikiMedia and elsewhere on the internet to provide a comprehensive business education such as one provided by the top business schools in the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A Master in Business Administration (MBA) is unlike many other academic programs. While most Master programs provide a further specialization within a particular school or discipline (such as law), an MBA is typically interdisciplinary, drawing from the fields of psychology, sociology, economics, accounting and finance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most of the material found within an MBA program is not unique to business. Rather, an MBA provides exposure to the diverse ideas which are most useful to a person who is interested in succeeding in business within an-easy-to learn two-year bundle. Despite all the drinking and socializing, an MBA can be a lot of work. If you work through all the concepts referenced, it should take you awhile (probably 2,000+ hours). You&#039;re also going to have to get good at Excel. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let&#039;s get started.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Core Course Overview==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some MBA programs have core course requirements in the fields listed below. For examples, please refer to the core requirements of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEAD INSEAD] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[http://mba.sciences-po.fr/us/deroulement.htm Sciences-Po],&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.hbs.edu/mba/academics/required.html Harvard Business School], [http://mba.wharton.upenn.edu/mba/academics/curriculum/core.php Wharton Business School], and [http://www2.gsb.columbia.edu/students/affairs/courseinfo/core.HTML Columbia Business School].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Many MBA programs also have coursework on advanced topics based on these core subjects. In addition, there are diverse subjects that make-up an MBA curriculum.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Coursework==&lt;br /&gt;
===Basic Probability and Statistics===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The grounding for many futher concepts in business, as in other applied disciplines, is a thorough understanding of [[Wikibooks:statistics|statistics]]. A good free source for understanding probability is [http://www.dartmouth.edu/%7Echance/teaching_aids/books_articles/probability_book/amsbook.mac.pdf Introduction to Probability]. In particular [[Wikipedia:Regression_analysis|regression analysis]] is going to be useful.  Regression is fundamental to the concept of Beta in Finance and conjoint analysis in Marketing. In addition, the statistical concepts of standard deviation and variance are the fundamental concepts which underly the concept of pooling risk in operations management.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The directions on how to perform a regression analysis in Excel can be found online at [http://www2.hpu.edu/mlane/FIN640/Regression_in_Excel.htm Regression Analysis Using Microsoft Excel]. Once you have completed a few regressions in Excel, you have performed the highest level of statistical analysis which most MBA&#039;s become familiar with. Congratulations! You are ready to move on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Financial Accounting===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A good place to start is [[Wikibooks:Accounting|Accounting]]. While most MBA&#039;s are not a big fan of double entry book keeping, finance starts with accounting. Understanding what [[Wikibooks:depreciation|depreciation]] (the spreading of the cost of an &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;tangible&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; asset over time) and [[Wikibooks:Accounting/Amortization|amortization]] (the spreading of the cost of an &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;intangible&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; asset over time) are is going to be essential to understanding corporate finance (if only because you are going to need to reverse out the effects from GAAP Income Statements to get cash flows).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Managerial Accounting===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Management_accounting|Managerial Accounting]] refers to the broad application of accounting concepts to financial data to create reports to be interpreted by management. Such financial data, in contrast to [[#Financial Accounting|Financial Accounting]], does not have to comply with GAAP, the FASB, or the filing requirements of the SEC, since it is meant only for internal consumption within an organization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The major subjects to learn include:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:cost accounting|cost accounting]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:activity based costing|activity based costing]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[wikipedia:project costing|project costing]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:budgeting|budgeting]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Microeconomics===&lt;br /&gt;
A good place to start is the Wikibooks course on [[Wikibooks:Microeconomics|Microeconomics]]. Particularly, the concept that in an industry where there is high competition between firms that those firms will theoretically make zero economic profit should be thoroughly understood; that fact of life is the foundation of much of corporate strategy, and the root to how to make excess profits (that is, profits greater than your [[Wikipedia:Cost of Capital|Cost of Capital]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Macroeconomics===&lt;br /&gt;
Read the Wikibook on [[Wikibooks:Macroeconomics|Macroeconomics]]. In particular, the inner workings of currencies, current account deficits, and the relationship between economic performance, monetary policy, and interest rates will be useful for finance and, ultimately, [[#Capital Markets|Capital Markets]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Decision Models===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Decision models are part of the core curriculum of many business schools. The reason why is probably because &amp;quot;average&amp;quot; performance of a firm is distinct from the implied performance of the averages, if the components which combine to create that average performance have differing distributions or deviations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Decision models will typically cover the following concepts and software packages:&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:decision tree|decision trees]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:linear programming|linear programming]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.decisioneering.com/crystal_ball/index.html Crystal Ball] or [http://www.palisade.com/risk/ @Risk] simulation software. Download yourself a free trial, play with it for a month, working through the tutorials. You&#039;ll do alright.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Corporate Finance===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikibooks:Finance|Finance]] is among the most stereotypically MBA things an MBA will learn.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you want to understand corporate finance, learn thoroughly:&lt;br /&gt;
*what the implications of the [[Wikipedia:Modigliani-Miller_theorem|Modigliani-Miller theorem]] are&lt;br /&gt;
*the [[Wikipedia:time value of money|time value of money]]&lt;br /&gt;
*how to calculate the [[Wikipedia:Net Present Value|NPV]] of a project&lt;br /&gt;
*how to calculate the [[Wikipedia:WACC|WACC]] of a project or company&lt;br /&gt;
*how to do a decent [[Wikipedia:Discounted Cash Flow|DCF]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Putting it all together, you&#039;d get something called a model. That model will tell you how much any asset that generates cash flows (such as a stock) is worth. People in business think that this might be useful to know.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More specifically, these tools are useful for evaluating the potential returns on various courses of action, including but not limited to capital investments.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Marketing Strategy===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Key concepts to learn in [[Wikipedia:Marketing|Marketing]]:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:Marketing Mix|Marketing Mix]]&lt;br /&gt;
** the 4 C&#039;s (Company, Context, Customers, Competition)&lt;br /&gt;
** the 4 P&#039;s (Product, Place, Price, Promotion)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:Maslow&#039;s_hierarchy_of_needs|Maslow&#039;s hierarchy of needs]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Marketing Implementation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Key concepts to learn:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:Customer lifetime value|Customer lifetime value]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:conjoint analysis|conjoint analysis]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Corporate Strategy===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Key concepts to learn:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:Porter%27s_five_forces|Porters Five Forces]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://amadeus.management.mcgill.ca/~mark.mortensen/orgweb/summaries/mse/content/Porter.html Positioning]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:Game Theory|Game Theory]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://globecareers.workopolis.com/servlet/Content/fasttrack/20051012/CABOOKS12?section=ManagingBooks  Sustainable Competitive Advantage]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:Strategy maps|Strategy Maps]] and the [[Wikipedia:Balanced_scorecard|Balanced Scorecard]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Good thing to read when the summaries of the concepts won&#039;t do:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;amp;ct=res&amp;amp;cd=9&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fcastlej%2FENTRE475%2FArticles%2520of%2520interest%2FWhat%2520is%2520Strategy-Porter.pdf&amp;amp;ei=ZFdmRMWYCMHqaMvUzd4J&amp;amp;sig2=Cd8RuCoZbnd4QDmLvILozA Porter, What is Strategy?]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Organizational Behavior and Structure===&lt;br /&gt;
Organizational behavior classes cover concepts such as:&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:Taylorism|Taylorism]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:Hawthorne Effect|The Hawthorne Effect]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:Social network|Social Networks]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:Organizational Behavior|Organizational Behavior]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Leadership===&lt;br /&gt;
Leadership classes might cover:&lt;br /&gt;
*the ideas of [[Wikipedia:Robert Cialdini|Robert Cialdini]]&lt;br /&gt;
*the results of your [[Wikipedia:MBTI|Myers-Briggs test]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Generally, understanding yourself and influencing other people is the focus of a leadership class. A fair bit of [[#Negotiations|Negotiations]] content might be thrown in as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Operations Management===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Operations classes typically cover:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:Supply Chain management|Supply chain management]], in particular the [[Wikipedia:Newsvendor|Newsvendor]] model&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:Six Sigma|Six Sigma]] and other quality management concepts&lt;br /&gt;
* Risk pooling-that is, the managerial signifance of the fact that when you combine two processes the deviation increases by the square of the summation (because variances are additive, standard deviations are not). Risk pooling is often the root cause of [[Wikipedia:economies of scale|economies of scale]].&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:Queueing theory|Queueing theory]] which is helpful if you want to optimize business processes.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Wikipedia:Management information system|Management Information Systems]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Negotiations===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Wikipedia:Negotiations|Negotiating]] is important for business at many levels. [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0140157352/sr=8-1/qid=1147551981/ref=pd_bbs_1/103-9077880-7298216?%5Fencoding=UTF8 Getting to Yes] seems to be the core text to understand how to sucessfully achieve good outcomes from negotiations. A good summary of Getting to Yes can be found many places online (such as: [http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/example/fish7513.htm Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In]). Read that and you&#039;re all set.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ethics===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Probably read up on [[Wikipedia:Sarbanes Oxley|Sarbanes Oxley]]. Also, reading [http://www.peace.ca/kindergarten.htm these important tips] would probably be useful.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Additional Coursework==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Capital Markets===&lt;br /&gt;
The two central concepts in capital markets are:&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:Arbitrage|Arbitrage]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:Risk Premium|Risk Premium]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With those concepts, (and the ideas learned in [[#Corporate Finance|finance]]), you can price:&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:Fixed Income|Fixed Income]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:Swap|Swaps]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wikipedia:Forward price|Forward Rates]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.gettingtogradschool.com/MBA-Business_School/index.htm GettingToGradSchool]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Further Reading==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1591840570/qid=1147720345/sr=2-3/ref=pd_bbs_b_2_3/102-2363331-7851323?s=books&amp;amp;v=glance&amp;amp;n=283155 Competition Demystified] by Bruce Greenwald&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0425098478/qid=1147720399/sr=2-1/ref=pd_bbs_b_2_1/102-2363331-7851323?s=books&amp;amp;v=glance&amp;amp;n=283155 The One Minute Manager] by Kenneth Blanchard and Spencer Johnson&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0142000280/qid=1147720483/sr=2-1/ref=pd_bbs_b_2_1/102-2363331-7851323?s=books&amp;amp;v=glance&amp;amp;n=283155 Getting Things Done] by David Allen&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0471733067/qid=1147720524/sr=2-1/ref=pd_bbs_b_2_1/102-2363331-7851323?s=books&amp;amp;v=glance&amp;amp;n=283155 The Little Book that Beats the Street] by Joel Greenblatt&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==About the Contributors==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the first contributors to this curriculum overview was John O&#039;Brien. John received his MBA from Columbia Business School in 2006. He can be contacted online at [http://www.pulplit.net/contact-us/ pulplit.net].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Master of Business Administration]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>68.96.23.7</name></author>
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