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Veterinary pathology

2008-08-17T14:10:45Z

69.138.18.30:

[[Image:Mammary tumor.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Mammary (breast) cancer on a dog.]]

[[Image:Mast cell tumor on lip.JPG|thumb|200px|right|[[Mast cell]] tumor on dog.]]


<onlyinclude>{{spinout/title|Veterinary pathology|Veterinary pathologists}} are [[veterinarians|doctors of veterinary medicine]] who specialise in the [[diagnosis]] of diseases through the examination of animal tissue and body fluids. Like for medical {{spinout/link|pathology}}, veterinary pathology is divided in two branches, [[anatomical pathology]] and [[clinical pathology]]. Veterinary pathologists are critical participants in the drug development process. See also "veterinary pathologist" in Wikipedia.org.</onlyinclude>

==Veterinary anatomical pathology==
[[Anatomical pathology]] (''Commonwealth'') or ''Anatomic pathology'' (''U.S.'') is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the [[gross examination|gross]], [[Histopathology|microscopic]], and [[Molecular pathology|molecular]] examination of [[organ (anatomy)|organs]], [[tissue (biology)|tissues]], and whole bodies ([[autopsy]]). The American College of Veterinary Pathologists certifies veterinary pathologists through a certifying exam. This consists of four parts - gross pathology, microscopic pathology, veterinary pathology (a review of the current literature), and general pathology. Only the general pathology section is shared between the anatomic and clinical pathology examinations. Anatomic pathologists are employed in a number of different positions, including diagnostics, teaching, research, and the pharmaceutical industry.

==Veterinary clinical pathology==
[[Clinical pathology]] is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the [[Medical laboratory|laboratory]] analysis of [[bodily fluid]]s such as [[blood]] and [[urine]], using the tools of [[clinical chemistry|chemistry]], [[Clinical microbiology|microbiology]], [[hematology]] and [[molecular pathology]]. The American College of Veterinary Pathologists certifies veterinary clinical pathologists. Their credential, DACVP (Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Pathologists) is usually followed by a parenthetical notation of "(Clinical Pathology)" to distinguish DACVP counterparts certified for anatomic pathology.

==See also==
* [[Veterinary Medicine]]
* [[Pathology]]
* [[Medical laboratory]]
* [[Anatomic pathology]]
* [[Medical technologist]]

==External links==
[http://www.acvp.org/ American College of Veterinary Pathologists]

{{Veterinary specialties}}

[[Category:Veterinary medicine|*]]

Archive:Fanboy

2007-09-28T20:21:46Z

69.138.68.85: i think a semicolon would fit better here

'''Fanboy''' is a term used to describe an individual (usually male; the feminine version '''fangirl''' may be used for females) who is utterly devoted to a single fannish subject, or to a single point of view within that subject, often to the point where it is considered an [[obsession]]. Fanboys remain loyal to their particular obsession, disregarding any factors (often including logic) that differ from their point of view.

== Background ==
Stereotypical fanboys are attributed with a sycophantic devotion to the creators and principles behind a work with which they are currently enthralled. Fanboys are noted for a very emotional attachment to their chosen subject, often taking negative remarks about it as a personal attack. They will readily engage in debates, but will fall back on emotional responses when challenged on facts. For example, a fanboy may go out of his way to point out negative and often untrue statements about their obsession's rivals. Fanboys are often hostile towards critical review of their chosen subject. The stereotypical image of the fanboy is as an unkempt, socially awkward young man who may be perceived as a loud mouthed [[pseudo-intellectual]]. Fanboys are also typically [[aggressive]] and hateful towards the opposing brand or competition of their obsession regardless of its merits or achievements.

As electronic entertainment gained popularity, the term became increasingly applied to [[video game]] and [[television]] addicts. As a result, a subculture emerged which readily labeled itself as "fanboys." Within this group, more effort is taken to fit in with a perceived standard, resulting in a more outgoing attitude, even among those with insecurities. This outgoing stance is often felt to be abrasive by those not involved in the culture as deeply. The term originated in [[comic book]] circles, to describe someone who immersed himself in the fictional worlds of comics and the culture of comics fandom. The term is often used in a derogatory manner by other less obsessed fans. In the songs of the fannish [[parody]] [[musician]] [[Luke Ski]], many characters proudly consider themselves ''fanboys''. The term is most commonly associated with adolescent and teen males but can be applicable to any age or sex.

The term fangirl, while similar, often carries slightly different connotations. The term fangirl is often applied to any enthusiastic female fan, regardless of obsessive qualities or not, and is often used with overtones of "teenybopper".

==History of fanboys and the term==
The term "fanboy" is most commonly associated with adolescent and teen males but can be applicable to any age or sex. It is often used in a derogatory manner by other, less obsessed fans. The term originated in [[comic book]] circles to describe someone immersed in the fictional worlds of comics and the culture of comics fandom. Common subjects of reverence by fanboys are specific: [[TV show]]s; [[film|movie]]s; [[music]]; [[anime]]; [[comic book]]s; [[car]]s; [[video game console]]s, [[video games]] and [[MMORPG]]s; and [[computer]] [[operating system]]s, [[computer Hardware|hardware]] and [[software]].

Popular depictions of Fanboy stereotypes include the [[Comic Book Guy]] on ''[[The Simpsons]]'' and columnist [[Larry Groznic]] from the satirical newspaper ''[[The Onion]]''. In the songs of the fannish [[parody]] [[musician]] [[Luke Ski]], many characters proudly consider themselves ''fanboys.''

The earliest published uses of the word "fanboy" have been dated to 1982. One reference is to the cover of the "Official Underground and Newave Comix Price Guide". On this cover page are sketched overweight, overzealous comic book collectors wearing T-shirts that state "Fanboys of America," who are describing the extreme measures they would go to, including moving to San Francisco, to preserve their comics.

Also published in 1982, a comic strip appeared in Jim Engel and Chuck Fiala's "Fandom Confidential" comic. In the strip, Jim and Chuck met comic artist/writer [[John Byrne]] and collapsed into "mindless paroxysms of adoration." The John Byrne character responded that they were "a couple of fanboys in bondage" (a play on words referring to a [[List of Monty Python’s Flying Circus episodes#10. E. Henry Thripshaw.27s Disease|Monty Python sketch]] in which an Elizabethan era character reads what she claims to be a new Shakespeare work called "Gay Boys in Bondage". <ref>http://www.byrnerobotics.com/FAQ/listing.asp?ID=7&T1=Miscellaneous+Questions#154</ref> Another early use is in a smart-alec editorial reply by "[[Ambush Bug]]" to a letter in his comic in [[1985]].

==Media==
===Comic Book===
*[[Sergio Aragonés]]' ''Fanboy''
*[[Galactic Storm]] ''Fanboy''

===Television===
*''[[The Simpsons]]'''s [[Comic Book Guy]] refers to himself as a fanboy.
*''[[Freakazoid!|Freakazoid]]'''s [[freakazoid!#Other characters|Fan Boy]]
*''[[King of the Hill]]'''s [[Hank Hill]] is a fanboy of [[propane]].

===Radio/Podcasts===
*[[Fanboy Radio]] - [http://fanboyradio.com]
*[[The Opie and Anthony Show]] - [http://www.opieandanthony.com]

==See also==
* [[Addiction]]
* [[Cyberstalking]]
* [[Editor war]]
* [[Anorak (slang)|Anorak]]
* [[Astroturfing]]
* [[Otaku]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=fanboy Urban dictionary: fanboy]
* [http://www.netjak.com/review.php/1013 Dissecting the Fanboy Mind] - A discussion of the fanboy behavior in regards to video games.
* [http://palgn.com.au/article.php?id=6463 The trial of the Fanboy] - A criticism of the fanboy concept and overusage of the term.

[[Category:Fandom]]
[[Category:Anime and manga terminology]]

[[de:Fanboy]]

Wolf pack

2007-05-06T21:01:33Z

69.138.229.246: Undid revision 128742221 by 67.186.224.246 (talk)

{{redirect|Wolfpack}}
The term '''wolf pack''' refers to the mass-attack tactics against [[convoy]]s used by [[U-boat]]s of the [[Kriegsmarine]] during the [[Second Battle of the Atlantic|Battle of the Atlantic]] and [[submarine]]s of the [[United States Navy]] against [[Japan]]ese shipping in the [[Pacific Ocean]] in [[World War II]].

[[Karl Dönitz]] used the term ''Rudel'' to describe his strategy of submarine warfare – ''Rudel'' translates best as "pack" of animals and has become known in [[English language|English]] as "wolf pack" (''Wolfsrudel''), a more accurate metaphoric, but not literal, translation.

U-boat movements were controlled by the ''[[Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote]]'' much more closely than American submarines, which were given tremendous independence once on patrol. Accordingly, U-boats usually patrolled separately, often strung out in co-ordinated lines across likely convoy routes, only being ordered to congregate after one located a convoy and alerted BdU, so a ''Rudel'' consisted of as many [[U-boat]]s as could reach the scene of the attack. With the exception of the direction of the [[Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote]], the U-Boat Captains could attack as they saw fit. Often the U-Boat commanders were given a probable number of U-Boats that would show up, and then when they were in contact with the convoy, make call signs to see how many had shown up. If the number was sufficient to the Commanders, or if the threat of increased escorts was a possibility, they would attack. American wolf packs, usually comprised three boats that patrolled in close company, organized before they left port under the command of the senior captain of the three. [[Charles Momsen|"Swede" Momsen]] devised the tactics and led the first American wolf pack to sea in October [[1943]].

Wolf packs fell out of use during the [[Cold War]]. Modern submarines are so much more maneuverable and destructive than those of [[World War II]] that there is no need for them to hunt in packs. Instead, the [[United States Navy]] deploys its attack submarines on individual patrols, with the exception of one or (rarely) two attack submarines in each carrier group. American ballistic missile submarines have always operated alone. (Soviet ballistic missile submarines operated in well-protected [[bastion (naval)|bastion]]s.) However, with the opening shots of the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]] in March 2003, the term "wolf pack" was brought back into use to describe the fleet of American and British [[nuclear submarine]]s which operated together in the [[Red Sea]] to fire [[BGM-109 Tomahawk|tomahawk missiles]] at [[Iraq]]. [[USS Providence (SSN-719)|USS ''Providence'']] was the first boat to fire its entire load of missiles and earn the nickname "Big Dog of the Red Sea Wolf Pack."

== References ==
* Karl Dönitz, ''Memoirs: Ten Years and Twenty Days'' (New York: World Publishing Company, 1958)

* Peter Maas, ''The Terrible Hours: The Man Behind the Greatest Submarine Rescue in History'' (HarperCollins New York, 1999)

* E. B. Potter and Chester W. Nimitz, eds; ''Sea Power: A Naval History'' (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1960)

{{Uboat}}

[[Category:Naval warfare tactics]]
[[Category:Wolfpacks of World War II|*]]

[[da:Ulvekobbel]]
[[de:Rudeltaktik]]
[[ja:群狼作戦]]
[[pl:Wilcze stado]]
[[sr:Вучји чопор]]

Veterinary pathology

2007-03-19T00:05:05Z

69.138.18.30:

Veterinary [[pathology|pathologists]] are [[veterinarians|doctors of veterinary medicine]] who specialise in the [[diagnosis]] and characterization of verterinary [[disease]]s through the examination of animal tissue and body fluids. Lily Chen, of West Lafayette, Indiana, is a new veterinary pathologist.

{{Zoology-med-stub}}

Veterinary pathology

2007-03-19T00:00:23Z

69.138.18.30:

Veterinary [[pathology|pathologists]] are [[veterinarians|doctors of veterinary medicine]] who specialise in the [[diagnosis]] and characterization of veterinary [[disease]]s through the examination of animal tissue and body fluids. Dr. Lily Chen became a veterinary pathologist last year.

{{Zoology-med-stub}}

Veterinary pathology

2007-03-18T23:59:20Z

69.138.18.30:

Abandoned footwear

2006-10-10T02:32:39Z

69.138.229.246: /* References */

'''Abandoned footwear,''' generally a lone [[boot]] or shoe, is frequently noted in [[ponds]] and along roadsides (particularly highways). It is not known why old shoes and boots seem to be publicly abandoned more often than other articles of [[clothing]], such as [[shirts]] or [[caps]].
While the practice of publicly abandoning old shoes has been noted in multiple countries (including [[Great Britain]]<ref>http://www.widemedia.com/fashionuk/news/2004/08/02/news0003247.html</ref>), it does not seem to have any set meaning attached to it<ref>http://www.snopes.com/crime/gangs/sneakers.htm</ref>, and may be a simple form of imitation.
It is possible that shoes, being more sturdily constructed than most other types of clothing, simply last longer after being abandoned outdoors—leather shoes, for instance, are estimated to last for 25-40 years outside.<ref>http://www.recycle.ubc.ca/littermain.html</ref>) However, the opposite of this hypothesis is the commoness of obviously intentional shoe abandonment, such as [[shoe tossing]], in which shoes are tied together by their laces and thrown in great numbers into [[shoe tree (roadside attraction)|shoe trees]], over power lines, or over fences<ref>http://www.bdb.co.za/shackle/articles/fences.htm</ref>.

==In Popular Culture==
*A fisherman hauling up an old [[boot]], rather than a fish, is an old comic-strip joke.

==See also==
*[[Shoe tree (roadside attraction)|Shoe tree]]
*[[shoe flinging]]
*[[shoe tossing]]

==External links==
*[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0325007535 ''Shoes on the Highway'' (book): A drama teacher uses roadside shoes to inspire student art.]
*[http://books.heinemann.com/shoesonthehighway/default.aspx 33 photos of shoes on the highway, by the author of "Shoes on the Highway."]
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrtruffle/sets/879175/show/ Flickr photos: footwear abandoned by the side of the road, on sidewalks, and elsewhere.]
*[http://www.widemedia.com/fashionuk/news/2004/08/02/news0003247.html About Shoe Friends, a British group dedicated to keeping people from abandoning or binning their shoes.]
*[http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:7izOVohrahgJ:www.kansas.com/mld/kansas/entertainment/12321359.htm+%22abandoned+shoes%22+(road+OR+highway+OR+freeway+OR+roadside)&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=6&client=firefox-a Wichita Eagle article about shoe abandonment (google cache).]

==References==
<references/>
{{culture-stub}}