IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]

Archive:Project fork

2006-06-01T05:58:12Z

71.141.124.10:

:''This article is about "forking" a [[software development]] project. For other uses, see [[fork (disambiguation)]].''

In [[software engineering]], a '''project fork''' or '''branch''' happens when a developer (or a group of them) takes a copy of [[source code]] from one [[software package]] and starts to independently develop a new package. The term is also used more loosely to represent a similar branching of any work (for example, there are several forks of the English-language [[Wikipedia]]), particularly with [[free software|free]] or [[open source]] software.

Forks with free software result from a [[schism]] over different goals or personality clashes. In a fork, both parties assume closely identical [[copyright]]s but typically only the larger group, or that containing the original [[software architecture|architect]], will retain the full original name and its associated user community. Thus there is a reputation penalty associated with forking.

In [[proprietary software]], the rights to the common code are shared; but this is rarer, as usually there are strict copyright terms associated with the source code, and usually these rights and interests are held by the employing entity, not the individual software developers. More commonly, a developer internally forks the code to develop two or more versions, such as a [[Window (computing)|windowed]] version and a [[command line interface|command line]] version, or across newer or common and widespread operating systems, such as a [[wordprocessor]] or other such [[software application]] for [[IBM PC]] compatible machines and one for [[Apple Macintosh|Macintosh]] or [[Unix]] based computers. Generally, such internal forks will concentrate on having the same look, feel, and operation (behavior) between platforms so that a user familar with one can also be productive or share documents generated on the other. This is almost always an economic decision to generate a greater [[market share]] and thus pay back the associated extra development costs created by the fork.

A fork that is standard practice in many projects are ''stable'' or ''release'' versions which are modified only for bug fixes, while a ''development'' tree develops new features. This is common practice in the [[Linux kernel]], for instance, but has been misrepresented occasionally in the trade press as the more problematic sort of fork described above. [http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20041121124609671]

In some cases, a fork can merge back into the original project or replace it. [[EGCS]] (Experimental/Enhanced GNU Compiler System) was a fork from [[GNU Compiler Collection|GCC]] which proved more vital than the original project and was eventually "blessed" as the official GCC project.

Forks are considered an expression of the freedom made available by free software and a weakness since they duplicate development efforts or can confuse users over which forked package to use. Developers have the option to collaborate and pool resources with free software but it is not ensured by [[free software licenses]], only by a commitment to cooperation.

The relationship between the different teams can be cordial or very bitter. For instance, the author of the [[LMule]] file-sharing program for Linux was uninterested in porting it to other systems, the [[xMule]] team started a fork to do so. Disagreements among the developers led to xMule itself being forked into [[aMule]], and the tension between the developers persisted.

On the matter of forking, the [[Jargon File]] says:
:"Forking is considered a [[Bad Thing]] — not merely because it implies a lot of wasted effort in the future, but because forks tend to be accompanied by a great deal of strife and acrimony between the successor groups over issues of legitimacy, succession, and design direction. There is serious social pressure against forking. As a result, major forks (such as the [[GNU Emacs|Gnu-Emacs]]/[[XEmacs]] split, the fissionings of the [[386BSD]] group into three daughter projects, and the short-lived GCC/EGCS split) are rare enough that they are remembered individually in hacker folklore."

Because of the ease of forking a project but the challenge of continuing to develop and support it, it's common for forks without extensive resources to become inactive — for instance, see [[GoneME]], a fork of [[GNOME]] by a former developer, which was shortly discontinued despite attracting some publicity. Some well-known forks have enjoyed great success, however, such as the [[X.Org Server|X.Org]] [[X Window System|X11]] server, a fork from [[XFree86]]. Most distributions have switched to X.Org, and overall [[X11]] development has sped up as well.

==Other examples==

*[[Enciclopedia Libre]], a fork of the [[Spanish Wikipedia|Spanish-language Wikipedia]], was created to evade possible advertising.
*[[Pretty Good Privacy]] was forked outside of the United States to free it from the restrictive laws on the [[export of cryptography|exportation of cryptographic software]].
*The many varieties of [[Proprietary software|proprietary]] [[Unix|UNIX]] — all derived from AT&T UNIX and all called "UNIX", but increasingly mutually incompatible. ''See'' [[UNIX wars]].
*The game [[NetHack]] has spawned a number of variants using the original code, notably [[Slash'EM]], and was itself a fork of [[Rogue (computer game)|Rogue]].
*[[OpenSSH]] was a fork from [[SSH]], which happened because the license for SSH 2.x was [[non-free]] (even though the source was available), so an older version of SSH 1.x, the last to have been licensed as [[free software]], was forked. Within months, virtually all Linux distributions, BSD versions and even some proprietary Unixes had replaced SSH with OpenSSH.
*[[DragonFly BSD]] was forked from [[FreeBSD]] 4.8 by [[Matt Dillon (computer scientist)|Matt Dillon]] (a long-time FreeBSD developer), due to disagreement over FreeBSD 5's technical direction.

==References==
* [http://linuxmafia.com/faq/Licensing_and_Law/forking.html Fear of forking] (Rick Moen)
* [http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html#forking Forking] ([[David A. Wheeler]])
* [http://www.usemod.com/cgi-bin/mb.pl?RightToFork Right to Fork] at [[Meatball Wiki]].

[[Category:Software engineering]]

[[cs:Fork]]
[[de:Fork (Projektaufspaltung)]]
[[fr:Fork]]
[[pl:Fork]]
[[pt:Fork (software)]]
[[sv:Fork]]

Archive:Home insurance

2006-05-19T00:18:52Z

71.141.108.158: /* United States */

'''Home insurance''', or '''homeowners insurance''', is an [[insurance]] policy that combines various personal insurance protections which can include losses occurring to one's home, its contents, loss of its use (additional living expenses), loss of other personal possessions of the homeowner, as well as [[liability]] insurance for accidents that may happen at the home.

The cost of homeowners insurance often depends on what it would cost to replace the house and which additional riders—additional items to be insured—are attached to the policy. The insurance policy itself is a lengthy contract, and names what will and what will not be paid in the case of various events. Typically, claims due to [[earthquakes]], [[floods]], "[[Act of God|Acts of God]]", or [[war]] (whose definition typically includes a nuclear explosion from any source) are excluded. Special insurance can be purchased for these possibilities, including [[flood insurance]] and [[earthquake insurance]].

The home insurance policy is usually a term contract—a contract that is in effect for a fixed period of time. The payment the insured makes to the insurer is called the premium. The insured must pay the insurer the premium each term. Most insurers charge a lower premium if it appears less likely the home will be damaged or destroyed: for example, if the house is situated next to a [[fire engine|fire station]], or if the house is equipped with fire sprinklers and fire alarms. [[Perpetual_Insurance|Perpetual insurance]], which is type of home insurance without a fixed term, can also be obtained in certain areas.

In the [[United States]], most home buyers borrow money in the form of a [[mortgage]], and the mortgage lender always requires that the buyer purchase homeowners insurance as a condition of the loan, in order to protect the bank if the home were to be destroyed. Anyone with an insurable interest in the property should be listed on the policy.
== Types of Homeowners Insurance ==
===United States===
As described in Wiening et. al. {{ref_harvard|PI|2002: 5.3–5.4|none}}, prior to the [[1950]]'s, there were separate policies for the various perils that could affect a home. A homeowner would have had to purchase separate policies covering fire losses, theft, personal property, and the like. During the [[1950s]], policy forms were developed, allowing the homeowner to purchase all the insurance they needed on one complete policy. However, these policies varied by insurance company, and were difficult to comprehend.
The need for standardization grew so great that a private company based in [[Jersey City]], [[New Jersey]], [[Insurance Services Office]], also known as the [http://www.iso.com/ ISO], was formed in 1971 to provide risk information and issued a simplified homeowners policy for resell to insurance companies. These policies have been amended over the years until currently, the ISO has six standardized homeowners insurance forms in general and consistent use . Of these HO-3 is the most common policy followed by HO-4 and HO-6. Others that are less used, though still significant, are HO-1, HO-2 and HO-5. Each is summarized below:

;HO-1:A limited policy that offers varying degrees of coverage but only for items specifically outlined in the policy. These might be used to cover a valuable object found in the home, such as a painting.
;HO-2:Similar to HO-1, HO-2 is a limited policy in that it covers specific portions of a house against damage. The coverage is usually a "named perils" policy, which lists the events that would be covered. As above, these factors must be spelled out in the policy.
;HO-3:This policy is the most common written for a homeowner and is designed to cover all aspects of the home, structure and it contents as well as any liability that may arise from daily use as well as any visitors who may encounter accident or injury on the premises. Covered aspects as well as limits of liability must be clearly spelled out in the policy to insure proper coverage. The coverage is usually called "all risk". Also called an "open perils" policy.
;HO-4:This is commonly referred to as renters insurance or renter's coverage. Similar to HO-6, this policy covers those aspects of the apartment and its contents not specifically covered in the blanket policy written for the complex. This policy can also cover liabilities arising from accidents and intentional injuries for guests as well as passers-by up to 150' of the domicile.
;HO-5:This policy, similar to HO-3, covers a home (not a condo or apartment), the homeowner and its possessions as well as any liability that might arise from visitors or passers-by. This coverage is differentiated in that it covers a wider breadth and depth of incidents and losses than an HO-3.
;HO-6:As a form of supplemental homeowner's insurance, '''HO-6''', also known as a Condominium Coverage, is designed especially for the owners of condos. It includes coverage for the part of the building owned by the insured and for the property housed therein of the insured. Designed to span the gap between what the homeowner's association might cover in a blanket policy written for an entire neighborhood and those items of importance to the insured, typically the HO-6 covers liability for residents and guests of the insured in addition to personal property. The liability coverage, depending on the underwriter, premium paid, and other factors of the policy, can cover incidents up to 150' from the insured property, all valuables within the home from theft, fire or water damage or other forms of loss. It is important to read the Associations By-laws to determine the total amount of insurance needed on your dwelling.
;HO-7: For mobile home owners.
;HO-8: It is usually called "older home" insurance. It lets house owners with higher replacement cost than the market value insure them at the lower market value rate.

==References==
*{{note_label|PI|2002: 5.3–5.4|none}}{{cite book
| last = Wiening
| first = Eric
| authorlink =
| coauthors = George Rejda, Constance Luthardt, Cheryl Ferguson
| editor =
| others =
| title = '''Personal Insurance'''
| origdate =
| origyear =
| origmonth =
| url =
| format =
| accessdate =
| accessyear =
| accessmonth =
| edition = 1st edition
| date =
| year = 2002
| month =
| publisher = American Institute for Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters/Insurance Institue of America
| location = [[Malvern, Pennsylvania]]
| language =
| id = ISBN 0-89463-108-X
| pages =
| chapter =
| chapterurl =
}}

[[Category:Insurance]]

Archive:Home insurance

2006-05-19T00:17:53Z

71.141.108.158: /* United States */

'''Home insurance''', or '''homeowners insurance''', is an [[insurance]] policy that combines various personal insurance protections which can include losses occurring to one's home, its contents, loss of its use (additional living expenses), loss of other personal possessions of the homeowner, as well as [[liability]] insurance for accidents that may happen at the home.

The cost of homeowners insurance often depends on what it would cost to replace the house and which additional riders—additional items to be insured—are attached to the policy. The insurance policy itself is a lengthy contract, and names what will and what will not be paid in the case of various events. Typically, claims due to [[earthquakes]], [[floods]], "[[Act of God|Acts of God]]", or [[war]] (whose definition typically includes a nuclear explosion from any source) are excluded. Special insurance can be purchased for these possibilities, including [[flood insurance]] and [[earthquake insurance]].

The home insurance policy is usually a term contract—a contract that is in effect for a fixed period of time. The payment the insured makes to the insurer is called the premium. The insured must pay the insurer the premium each term. Most insurers charge a lower premium if it appears less likely the home will be damaged or destroyed: for example, if the house is situated next to a [[fire engine|fire station]], or if the house is equipped with fire sprinklers and fire alarms. [[Perpetual_Insurance|Perpetual insurance]], which is type of home insurance without a fixed term, can also be obtained in certain areas.

In the [[United States]], most home buyers borrow money in the form of a [[mortgage]], and the mortgage lender always requires that the buyer purchase homeowners insurance as a condition of the loan, in order to protect the bank if the home were to be destroyed. Anyone with an insurable interest in the property should be listed on the policy.
== Types of Homeowners Insurance ==
===United States===
As described in Wiening et. al. {{ref_harvard|PI|2002: 5.3–5.4|none}}, prior to the [[1950]]'s, there were separate policies for the various perils that could affect a home. A homeowner would have had to purchase separate policies covering fire losses, theft, personal property, and the like. During the [[1950s]], policy forms were developed, allowing the homeowner to purchase all the insurance they needed on one complete policy. However, these policies varied by insurance company, and were difficult to comprehend.
The need for standardization grew so great that a private company based in [[Jersey City]], [[New Jersey]], [[Insurance Services Office]], also known as the [http://www.iso.com/ ISO], was formed in 1971 to provide risk information and issued a simplified homeowners policy for resell to insurance companies. These policies have been amended over the years until currently, the ISO has six standardized homeowners insurance forms in general and consistent use . Of these HO-3 is the most common policy followed by HO-4 and HO-6. Others that are less used, though still significant, are HO-1, HO-2 and HO-5. Each is summarized below:

;HO-1:A limited policy that offers varying degrees of coverage but only for items specifically outlined in the policy. These might be used to cover a valuable object found in the home, such as a painting.
;HO-2:Similar to HO-1, HO-2 is a limited policy in that it covers specific portions of a house against damage. The coverage is usually a "named perils" policy, which lists the events that would be covered. As above, these factors must be spelled out in the policy.
;HO-3:This policy is the most common written for a homeowner and is designed to cover all aspects of the home, structure and it contents as well as any liability that may arise from daily use as well as any visitors who may encounter accident or injury on the premises. Covered aspects as well as limits of liability must be clearly spelled out in the policy to insure proper coverage. The coverage is usually called "all risk". Also called an "open perils" policy.
;HO-4:This is commonly referred to as renters insurance or renter's coverage. Similar to HO-6, this policy covers those aspects of the apartment and its contents not specifically covered in the blanket policy written for the complex. This policy can also cover liabilities arising from accidents and intentional injuries for guests as well as passers-by up to 150' of the domicile.
;HO-5:This policy, similar to HO-3, covers a home (not a condo or apartment), the homeowner and its possessions as well as any liability that might arise from visitors or passers-by. This coverage is differentiated in that it covers a wider breadth and depth of incidents and losses than an HO-3.
;HO-6:As a form of supplemental homeowner's insurance, '''HO-6''', also known as a Condominium Coverage, is designed especially for the owners of condos. It includes coverage for the part of the building owned by the insured and for the property housed therein of the insured. Designed to span the gap between what the homeowner's association might cover in a blanket policy written for an entire neighborhood and those items of importance to the insured, typically the HO-6 covers liability for residents and guests of the insured in addition to personal property. The liability coverage, depending on the underwriter, premium paid, and other factors of the policy, can cover incidents up to 150' from the insured property, all valuables within the home from theft, fire or water damage or other forms of loss. It is important to read the Associations By-laws to determine the total amount of insurance needed on your dwelling.
;HO-7: For mobile home owners.
;HO-8: It is usually called "older home" insurance It lets house owners with higher replacement cost than the market value insure them at the lower market value rate.

==References==
*{{note_label|PI|2002: 5.3–5.4|none}}{{cite book
| last = Wiening
| first = Eric
| authorlink =
| coauthors = George Rejda, Constance Luthardt, Cheryl Ferguson
| editor =
| others =
| title = '''Personal Insurance'''
| origdate =
| origyear =
| origmonth =
| url =
| format =
| accessdate =
| accessyear =
| accessmonth =
| edition = 1st edition
| date =
| year = 2002
| month =
| publisher = American Institute for Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters/Insurance Institue of America
| location = [[Malvern, Pennsylvania]]
| language =
| id = ISBN 0-89463-108-X
| pages =
| chapter =
| chapterurl =
}}

[[Category:Insurance]]

Archive:Home insurance

2006-05-19T00:17:06Z

71.141.108.158: /* United States */

'''Home insurance''', or '''homeowners insurance''', is an [[insurance]] policy that combines various personal insurance protections which can include losses occurring to one's home, its contents, loss of its use (additional living expenses), loss of other personal possessions of the homeowner, as well as [[liability]] insurance for accidents that may happen at the home.

The cost of homeowners insurance often depends on what it would cost to replace the house and which additional riders—additional items to be insured—are attached to the policy. The insurance policy itself is a lengthy contract, and names what will and what will not be paid in the case of various events. Typically, claims due to [[earthquakes]], [[floods]], "[[Act of God|Acts of God]]", or [[war]] (whose definition typically includes a nuclear explosion from any source) are excluded. Special insurance can be purchased for these possibilities, including [[flood insurance]] and [[earthquake insurance]].

The home insurance policy is usually a term contract—a contract that is in effect for a fixed period of time. The payment the insured makes to the insurer is called the premium. The insured must pay the insurer the premium each term. Most insurers charge a lower premium if it appears less likely the home will be damaged or destroyed: for example, if the house is situated next to a [[fire engine|fire station]], or if the house is equipped with fire sprinklers and fire alarms. [[Perpetual_Insurance|Perpetual insurance]], which is type of home insurance without a fixed term, can also be obtained in certain areas.

In the [[United States]], most home buyers borrow money in the form of a [[mortgage]], and the mortgage lender always requires that the buyer purchase homeowners insurance as a condition of the loan, in order to protect the bank if the home were to be destroyed. Anyone with an insurable interest in the property should be listed on the policy.
== Types of Homeowners Insurance ==
===United States===
As described in Wiening et. al. {{ref_harvard|PI|2002: 5.3–5.4|none}}, prior to the [[1950]]'s, there were separate policies for the various perils that could affect a home. A homeowner would have had to purchase separate policies covering fire losses, theft, personal property, and the like. During the [[1950s]], policy forms were developed, allowing the homeowner to purchase all the insurance they needed on one complete policy. However, these policies varied by insurance company, and were difficult to comprehend.
The need for standardization grew so great that a private company based in [[Jersey City]], [[New Jersey]], [[Insurance Services Office]], also known as the [http://www.iso.com/ ISO], was formed in 1971 to provide risk information and issued a simplified homeowners policy for resell to insurance companies. These policies have been amended over the years until currently, the ISO has six standardized homeowners insurance forms in general and consistent use . Of these HO-3 is the most common policy followed by HO-4 and HO-6. Others that are less used, though still significant, are HO-1, HO-2 and HO-5. Each is summarized below:

;HO-1:A limited policy that offers varying degrees of coverage but only for items specifically outlined in the policy. These might be used to cover a valuable object found in the home, such as a painting.
;HO-2:Similar to HO-1, HO-2 is a limited policy in that it covers specific portions of a house against damage. The coverage is usually a "named perils" policy, which lists the events that would be covered. As above, these factors must be spelled out in the policy.
;HO-3:This policy is the most common written for a homeowner and is designed to cover all aspects of the home, structure and it contents as well as any liability that may arise from daily use as well as any visitors who may encounter accident or injury on the premises. Covered aspects as well as limits of liability must be clearly spelled out in the policy to insure proper coverage. The coverage is usually called "all risk". Also called an "open perils" policy.
;HO-4:This is commonly referred to as renters insurance or renter's coverage. Similar to HO-6, this policy covers those aspects of the apartment and its contents not specifically covered in the blanket policy written for the complex. This policy can also cover liabilities arising from accidents and intentional injuries for guests as well as passers-by up to 150' of the domicile.
;HO-5:This policy, similar to HO-3, covers a home (not a condo or apartment), the homeowner and its possessions as well as any liability that might arise from visitors or passers-by. This coverage is differentiated in that it covers a wider breadth and depth of incidents and losses than an HO-3.
;HO-6:As a form of supplemental homeowner's insurance, '''HO-6''', also known as a Condominium Coverage, is designed especially for the owners of condos. It includes coverage for the part of the building owned by the insured and for the property housed therein of the insured. Designed to span the gap between what the homeowner's association might cover in a blanket policy written for an entire neighborhood and those items of importance to the insured, typically the HO-6 covers liability for residents and guests of the insured in addition to personal property. The liability coverage, depending on the underwriter, premium paid, and other factors of the policy, can cover incidents up to 150' from the insured property, all valuables within the home from theft, fire or water damage or other forms of loss. It is important to read the Associations By-laws to determine the total amount of insurance needed on your dwelling.
;HO-7: is for mobile home owners.
;HO-8: It is usually called "older home" insurance It lets house owners with higher replacement cost than the market value insure them at the lower market value rate.

==References==
*{{note_label|PI|2002: 5.3–5.4|none}}{{cite book
| last = Wiening
| first = Eric
| authorlink =
| coauthors = George Rejda, Constance Luthardt, Cheryl Ferguson
| editor =
| others =
| title = '''Personal Insurance'''
| origdate =
| origyear =
| origmonth =
| url =
| format =
| accessdate =
| accessyear =
| accessmonth =
| edition = 1st edition
| date =
| year = 2002
| month =
| publisher = American Institute for Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters/Insurance Institue of America
| location = [[Malvern, Pennsylvania]]
| language =
| id = ISBN 0-89463-108-X
| pages =
| chapter =
| chapterurl =
}}

[[Category:Insurance]]

Archive:Home insurance

2006-05-19T00:12:48Z

71.141.108.158: /* United States */

'''Home insurance''', or '''homeowners insurance''', is an [[insurance]] policy that combines various personal insurance protections which can include losses occurring to one's home, its contents, loss of its use (additional living expenses), loss of other personal possessions of the homeowner, as well as [[liability]] insurance for accidents that may happen at the home.

The cost of homeowners insurance often depends on what it would cost to replace the house and which additional riders—additional items to be insured—are attached to the policy. The insurance policy itself is a lengthy contract, and names what will and what will not be paid in the case of various events. Typically, claims due to [[earthquakes]], [[floods]], "[[Act of God|Acts of God]]", or [[war]] (whose definition typically includes a nuclear explosion from any source) are excluded. Special insurance can be purchased for these possibilities, including [[flood insurance]] and [[earthquake insurance]].

The home insurance policy is usually a term contract—a contract that is in effect for a fixed period of time. The payment the insured makes to the insurer is called the premium. The insured must pay the insurer the premium each term. Most insurers charge a lower premium if it appears less likely the home will be damaged or destroyed: for example, if the house is situated next to a [[fire engine|fire station]], or if the house is equipped with fire sprinklers and fire alarms. [[Perpetual_Insurance|Perpetual insurance]], which is type of home insurance without a fixed term, can also be obtained in certain areas.

In the [[United States]], most home buyers borrow money in the form of a [[mortgage]], and the mortgage lender always requires that the buyer purchase homeowners insurance as a condition of the loan, in order to protect the bank if the home were to be destroyed. Anyone with an insurable interest in the property should be listed on the policy.
== Types of Homeowners Insurance ==
===United States===
As described in Wiening et. al. {{ref_harvard|PI|2002: 5.3–5.4|none}}, prior to the [[1950]]'s, there were separate policies for the various perils that could affect a home. A homeowner would have had to purchase separate policies covering fire losses, theft, personal property, and the like. During the [[1950s]], policy forms were developed, allowing the homeowner to purchase all the insurance they needed on one complete policy. However, these policies varied by insurance company, and were difficult to comprehend.
The need for standardization grew so great that a private company based in [[Jersey City]], [[New Jersey]], [[Insurance Services Office]], also known as the [http://www.iso.com/ ISO], was formed in 1971 to provide risk information and issued a simplified homeowners policy for resell to insurance companies. These policies have been amended over the years until currently, the ISO has six standardized homeowners insurance forms in general and consistent use . Of these HO-3 is the most common policy followed by HO-4 and HO-6. Others that are less used, though still significant, are HO-1, HO-2 and HO-5. Each is summarized below:

;HO-1:A limited policy that offers varying degrees of coverage but only for items specifically outlined in the policy. These might be used to cover a valuable object found in the home, such as a painting.
;HO-2:Similar to HO-1, HO-2 is a limited policy in that it covers specific portions of a house against damage. The coverage is usually a "named perils" policy, which lists the events that would be covered. As above, these factors must be spelled out in the policy.
;HO-3:This policy is the most common written for a homeowner and is designed to cover all aspects of the home, structure and it contents as well as any liability that may arise from daily use as well as any visitors who may encounter accident or injury on the premises. Covered aspects as well as limits of liability must be clearly spelled out in the policy to insure proper coverage. The coverage is usually called "all risk". Also called an "open perils" policy.
;HO-4:This is commonly referred to as renters insurance or renter's coverage. Similar to HO-6, this policy covers those aspects of the apartment and its contents not specifically covered in the blanket policy written for the complex. This policy can also cover liabilities arising from accidents and intentional injuries for guests as well as passers-by up to 150' of the domicile.
;HO-5:This policy, similar to HO-3, covers a home (not a condo or apartment), the homeowner and its possessions as well as any liability that might arise from visitors or passers-by. This coverage is differentiated in that it covers a wider breadth and depth of incidents and losses than an HO-3.
;HO-6:As a form of supplemental homeowner's insurance, '''HO-6''', also known as a Condominium Coverage, is designed especially for the owners of condos. It includes coverage for the part of the building owned by the insured and for the property housed therein of the insured. Designed to span the gap between what the homeowner's association might cover in a blanket policy written for an entire neighborhood and those items of importance to the insured, typically the HO-6 covers liability for residents and guests of the insured in addition to personal property. The liability coverage, depending on the underwriter, premium paid, and other factors of the policy, can cover incidents up to 150' from the insured property, all valuables within the home from theft, fire or water damage or other forms of loss. It is important to read the Associations By-laws to determine the total amount of insurance needed on your dwelling.

==References==
*{{note_label|PI|2002: 5.3–5.4|none}}{{cite book
| last = Wiening
| first = Eric
| authorlink =
| coauthors = George Rejda, Constance Luthardt, Cheryl Ferguson
| editor =
| others =
| title = '''Personal Insurance'''
| origdate =
| origyear =
| origmonth =
| url =
| format =
| accessdate =
| accessyear =
| accessmonth =
| edition = 1st edition
| date =
| year = 2002
| month =
| publisher = American Institute for Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters/Insurance Institue of America
| location = [[Malvern, Pennsylvania]]
| language =
| id = ISBN 0-89463-108-X
| pages =
| chapter =
| chapterurl =
}}

[[Category:Insurance]]

Archive:Home insurance

2006-05-19T00:07:41Z

71.141.108.158: /* United States */

'''Home insurance''', or '''homeowners insurance''', is an [[insurance]] policy that combines various personal insurance protections which can include losses occurring to one's home, its contents, loss of its use (additional living expenses), loss of other personal possessions of the homeowner, as well as [[liability]] insurance for accidents that may happen at the home.

The cost of homeowners insurance often depends on what it would cost to replace the house and which additional riders—additional items to be insured—are attached to the policy. The insurance policy itself is a lengthy contract, and names what will and what will not be paid in the case of various events. Typically, claims due to [[earthquakes]], [[floods]], "[[Act of God|Acts of God]]", or [[war]] (whose definition typically includes a nuclear explosion from any source) are excluded. Special insurance can be purchased for these possibilities, including [[flood insurance]] and [[earthquake insurance]].

The home insurance policy is usually a term contract—a contract that is in effect for a fixed period of time. The payment the insured makes to the insurer is called the premium. The insured must pay the insurer the premium each term. Most insurers charge a lower premium if it appears less likely the home will be damaged or destroyed: for example, if the house is situated next to a [[fire engine|fire station]], or if the house is equipped with fire sprinklers and fire alarms. [[Perpetual_Insurance|Perpetual insurance]], which is type of home insurance without a fixed term, can also be obtained in certain areas.

In the [[United States]], most home buyers borrow money in the form of a [[mortgage]], and the mortgage lender always requires that the buyer purchase homeowners insurance as a condition of the loan, in order to protect the bank if the home were to be destroyed. Anyone with an insurable interest in the property should be listed on the policy.
== Types of Homeowners Insurance ==
===United States===
As described in Wiening et. al. {{ref_harvard|PI|2002: 5.3–5.4|none}}, prior to the [[1950]]'s, there were separate policies for the various perils that could affect a home. A homeowner would have had to purchase separate policies covering fire losses, theft, personal property, and the like. During the [[1950s]], policy forms were developed, allowing the homeowner to purchase all the insurance they needed on one complete policy. However, these policies varied by insurance company, and were difficult to comprehend.
The need for standardization grew so great that a private company based in [[Jersey City]], [[New Jersey]], [[Insurance Services Office]], also known as the [http://www.iso.com/ ISO], was formed in 1971 to provide risk information and issued a simplified homeowners policy for resell to insurance companies. These policies have been amended over the years until currently, the ISO has six standardized homeowners insurance forms in general and consistent use . Of these HO-3 is the most common policy followed by HO-4 and HO-6. Others that are less used, though still significant, are HO-1, HO-2 and HO-5. Each is summarized below:

;HO-1:A limited policy that offers varying degrees of coverage but only for items specifically outlined in the policy. These might be used to cover a valuable object found in the home, such as a painting.
;HO-2:Similar to HO-1, HO-2 is a limited policy in that it covers specific portions of a house against damage. The coverage is usually a "named perils" policy, which lists the events that would be covered. As above, these factors must be spelled out in the policy.
;HO-3:This policy is the most common written for a homeowner and is designed to cover all aspects of the home, structure and it contents as well as any liability that may arise from daily use as well as any visitors who may encounter accident or injury on the premises. Covered aspects as well as limits of liability must be clearly spelled out in the policy to insure proper coverage. The coverage is usually called "all risk". Also called an "open perils" policy.
;HO-4:This is commonly referred to as renters insurance. Similar to HO-6, this policy covers those aspects of the apartment and its contents not specifically covered in the blanket policy written for the complex. This policy can also cover liabilities arising from accidents and intentional injuries for guests as well as passers-by up to 150' of the domicile.
;HO-5:This policy, similar to HO-3, covers a home (not a condo or apartment), the homeowner and its possessions as well as any liability that might arise from visitors or passers-by. This coverage is differentiated in that it covers a wider breadth and depth of incidents and losses than an HO-3.
;HO-6:As a form of supplemental homeowner's insurance, '''HO-6''', also known as a Condominium Coverage, is designed especially for the owners of condos. It includes coverage for the part of the building owned by the insured and for the property housed therein of the insured. Designed to span the gap between what the homeowner's association might cover in a blanket policy written for an entire neighborhood and those items of importance to the insured, typically the HO-6 covers liability for residents and guests of the insured in addition to personal property. The liability coverage, depending on the underwriter, premium paid, and other factors of the policy, can cover incidents up to 150' from the insured property, all valuables within the home from theft, fire or water damage or other forms of loss. It is important to read the Associations By-laws to determine the total amount of insurance needed on your dwelling.

==References==
*{{note_label|PI|2002: 5.3–5.4|none}}{{cite book
| last = Wiening
| first = Eric
| authorlink =
| coauthors = George Rejda, Constance Luthardt, Cheryl Ferguson
| editor =
| others =
| title = '''Personal Insurance'''
| origdate =
| origyear =
| origmonth =
| url =
| format =
| accessdate =
| accessyear =
| accessmonth =
| edition = 1st edition
| date =
| year = 2002
| month =
| publisher = American Institute for Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters/Insurance Institue of America
| location = [[Malvern, Pennsylvania]]
| language =
| id = ISBN 0-89463-108-X
| pages =
| chapter =
| chapterurl =
}}

[[Category:Insurance]]

Archive:Home insurance

2006-05-19T00:07:27Z

71.141.108.158: /* United States */

'''Home insurance''', or '''homeowners insurance''', is an [[insurance]] policy that combines various personal insurance protections which can include losses occurring to one's home, its contents, loss of its use (additional living expenses), loss of other personal possessions of the homeowner, as well as [[liability]] insurance for accidents that may happen at the home.

The cost of homeowners insurance often depends on what it would cost to replace the house and which additional riders—additional items to be insured—are attached to the policy. The insurance policy itself is a lengthy contract, and names what will and what will not be paid in the case of various events. Typically, claims due to [[earthquakes]], [[floods]], "[[Act of God|Acts of God]]", or [[war]] (whose definition typically includes a nuclear explosion from any source) are excluded. Special insurance can be purchased for these possibilities, including [[flood insurance]] and [[earthquake insurance]].

The home insurance policy is usually a term contract—a contract that is in effect for a fixed period of time. The payment the insured makes to the insurer is called the premium. The insured must pay the insurer the premium each term. Most insurers charge a lower premium if it appears less likely the home will be damaged or destroyed: for example, if the house is situated next to a [[fire engine|fire station]], or if the house is equipped with fire sprinklers and fire alarms. [[Perpetual_Insurance|Perpetual insurance]], which is type of home insurance without a fixed term, can also be obtained in certain areas.

In the [[United States]], most home buyers borrow money in the form of a [[mortgage]], and the mortgage lender always requires that the buyer purchase homeowners insurance as a condition of the loan, in order to protect the bank if the home were to be destroyed. Anyone with an insurable interest in the property should be listed on the policy.
== Types of Homeowners Insurance ==
===United States===
As described in Wiening et. al. {{ref_harvard|PI|2002: 5.3–5.4|none}}, prior to the [[1950]]'s, there were separate policies for the various perils that could affect a home. A homeowner would have had to purchase separate policies covering fire losses, theft, personal property, and the like. During the [[1950s]], policy forms were developed, allowing the homeowner to purchase all the insurance they needed on one complete policy. However, these policies varied by insurance company, and were difficult to comprehend.
The need for standardization grew so great that a private company based in [[Jersey City]], [[New Jersey]], [[Insurance Services Office]], also known as the [http://www.iso.com/ ISO], was formed in 1971 to provide risk information and issued a simplified homeowners policy for resell to insurance companies. These policies have been amended over the years until currently, the ISO has six standardized homeowners insurance forms in general and consistent use . Of these HO-3 is the most common policy followed by HO-4 and HO-6. Others that are less used, though still significant, are HO-1, HO-2 and HO-5. Each is summarized below:

;HO-1:A limited policy that offers varying degrees of coverage but only for items specifically outlined in the policy. These might be used to cover a valuable object found in the home, such as a painting.
;HO-2:Similar to HO-1, HO-2 is a limited policy in that it covers specific portions of a house against damage. The coverage is usually a "named perils" policy, which lists the events that would be covered. As above, these factors must be spelled out in the policy.
;HO-3:This policy is the most common written for a homeowner and is designed to cover all aspects of the home, structure and it contents as well as any liability that may arise from daily use as well as any visitors who may encounter accident or injury on the premises. Covered aspects as well as limits of liability must be clearly spelled out in the policy to insure proper coverage. The coverage is usually called "all risk". Also called a "open perils" policy.
;HO-4:This is commonly referred to as renters insurance. Similar to HO-6, this policy covers those aspects of the apartment and its contents not specifically covered in the blanket policy written for the complex. This policy can also cover liabilities arising from accidents and intentional injuries for guests as well as passers-by up to 150' of the domicile.
;HO-5:This policy, similar to HO-3, covers a home (not a condo or apartment), the homeowner and its possessions as well as any liability that might arise from visitors or passers-by. This coverage is differentiated in that it covers a wider breadth and depth of incidents and losses than an HO-3.
;HO-6:As a form of supplemental homeowner's insurance, '''HO-6''', also known as a Condominium Coverage, is designed especially for the owners of condos. It includes coverage for the part of the building owned by the insured and for the property housed therein of the insured. Designed to span the gap between what the homeowner's association might cover in a blanket policy written for an entire neighborhood and those items of importance to the insured, typically the HO-6 covers liability for residents and guests of the insured in addition to personal property. The liability coverage, depending on the underwriter, premium paid, and other factors of the policy, can cover incidents up to 150' from the insured property, all valuables within the home from theft, fire or water damage or other forms of loss. It is important to read the Associations By-laws to determine the total amount of insurance needed on your dwelling.

==References==
*{{note_label|PI|2002: 5.3–5.4|none}}{{cite book
| last = Wiening
| first = Eric
| authorlink =
| coauthors = George Rejda, Constance Luthardt, Cheryl Ferguson
| editor =
| others =
| title = '''Personal Insurance'''
| origdate =
| origyear =
| origmonth =
| url =
| format =
| accessdate =
| accessyear =
| accessmonth =
| edition = 1st edition
| date =
| year = 2002
| month =
| publisher = American Institute for Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters/Insurance Institue of America
| location = [[Malvern, Pennsylvania]]
| language =
| id = ISBN 0-89463-108-X
| pages =
| chapter =
| chapterurl =
}}

[[Category:Insurance]]