IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]

Archive:Introduction to Dutch

2008-05-08T22:01:42Z

74.129.43.130: /* Irregular verbs */

==Alphabet==
The Dutch alphabet consists of the standard 26 Latin letters. (A through Z) 
But when using barbarisms or neologisms it is not uncommon to use foreign accents.
* '''Ü'''berhaupt (German)
* Pr'''ê'''t a porter (French)
* Pat'''é''' (French)
* Tr'''è'''ve (French

Besides these foreign words the French ''accent aigut'' is also used to emphasise a sound or distinguish between two similar words.
The ''accent aigut'' is primarily used on the e in the word ''een'' to distinguish between; 
een = a / an 
één = one

Dutch also uses the dieresis to indicate a syllable break. For example in the word knieën. In this case the dieresis indicates the syllable structure of this word is knie-en, and not kni-een, a non-existing word that would have a different pronunciation.

The Dutch language has several diphtones (sounds made by combining letters) 
AU / OU ; sounds like ow in the English word ''N'''ow''''' 
OE ; sounds like ou the English word ''Y'''ou''''' 
EU ; non-existent in English 
IJ / EI ; non-existent in English 
UI ; non-existent in English 

==Numbers==

1 één, 2 twee, 3 drie, 4 vier, 5 vijf, 6 zes, 7 zeven, 8 acht, 9 negen, 10 tien, 11 elf, 12 twaalf, 13 dertien, 14 veertien, 15 '''vijf'''tien, 16 '''zes'''tien, 17 '''zeven'''tien, 18 '''acht'''tien, 19 '''negen'''tien. 

Starting from 20, counting always takes place by adding the numbers one through nine ''before'' the decimal and adding '''''en'''''. 
20 twintig, 21 '''een'''''en''twintig, 22 '''twee'''''en''twintig, 23 '''drie'''''en''twintig, 24 '''vier'''''en''twintig, 25 '''vijf'''''en''twintig etc. 
30 dertig, 40 veertig, 50 vijftig, 60 zestig, 70 zeventig, 80 tachtig, 90 negentig, 100 honderd, 200 '''twee'''honderd, 300 '''drie'''honderd etc.

1000 duizend, 2000 '''twee'''duizend, 3000 '''drie'''duizend etc. 10.000 '''tien'''duizend, 100.000 '''honderd'''duizend, 1.000.000 miljoen, 1.000.000.000 miljard, 1.000.000.000.000 biljoen.

{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| eerste
| first
| zesde
| sixth
|-
| tweede
| second
| zevende
| seventh
|-
| derde
| third
| achtste
| eighth
|-
| vierde
| fourth
| negende
| ninth
|-
| vijfde
| fifth
| tiende
| tenth
|}
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Introductions]]

==Pronouns==

{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| ik
| I
|-
| jij/je
| you (singular)
|-
| hij
| he
|-
| zij
| she
|-
| het
| it

|-
| wij/we
| we
|-
| jullie
| you (plural)
|-
| zij
| they
|}
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Introductions]]

{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| mij/me
| me
|-
| jou/je
| you (singular)
|-
| hem/'m
| him
|-
| haar/d'r
| her
|-
| het
| it

|-
| ons
| us
|-
| jullie
| you (plural)
|-
| hen/hun
| them
|}
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Introductions]]

{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| mijn/m'n
| my
|-
| jouw/je
| your (singular)
|-
| zijn/z'n
| his
|-
| haar/d'r
| her
|-
| -
| its

|-
| ons, onze
| our
|-
| jullie
| your (plural)
|-
| hun
| their
|}
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Introductions]]

Note: When the Dutch forms come in pairs the one to the left is the stressed and official form and the one to the right the unstressed and less official form. The forms 'm and d'r are spoken forms that shouldn't be used in written form outside chat rooms. The difference between the use of hen and hun is slowly fading, though the official use of hun is only as a possesive adjective instead of a personal pronoun.

==Articles==

{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| De
| The (masculine / feminine)
|-
| Het
| The (neuter)
|-
| Een
| A / an (indefinite)
|}

==Regular verbs==
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
|'''Present continuous'''
|-
| '''Leren''' (= to learn)
| '''Lopen''' (= to walk)
|-
|Ik leer
|Ik loop
|-
|Jij leer''t''
|Jij loop''t''
|-
|Hij / zij / het leer''t''
|Hij / zij / het loopt
|-
|Wij leren
|Wij lopen
|-
|Zij leren
|Zij lopen
|-
|Jullie leren
|Jullie lopen
|}

==Irregular verbs==
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
|'''Present continuous'''
|-
|'''Zijn''' (= to be)
|-
| Ik ben
| I am
|-
| Jij bent
| You are (singular)
|-
| Hij / zij/ het is
| He / she / it is
|-
| Wij zijn
| We are
|-
| Jullie zijn
| You are (plural)
|-
| Zij zijn
| They are
|}

Archive:Introduction to Dutch

2008-05-08T22:01:18Z

74.129.43.130: /* Regular verbs */

==Alphabet==
The Dutch alphabet consists of the standard 26 Latin letters. (A through Z) 
But when using barbarisms or neologisms it is not uncommon to use foreign accents.
* '''Ü'''berhaupt (German)
* Pr'''ê'''t a porter (French)
* Pat'''é''' (French)
* Tr'''è'''ve (French

Besides these foreign words the French ''accent aigut'' is also used to emphasise a sound or distinguish between two similar words.
The ''accent aigut'' is primarily used on the e in the word ''een'' to distinguish between; 
een = a / an 
één = one

Dutch also uses the dieresis to indicate a syllable break. For example in the word knieën. In this case the dieresis indicates the syllable structure of this word is knie-en, and not kni-een, a non-existing word that would have a different pronunciation.

The Dutch language has several diphtones (sounds made by combining letters) 
AU / OU ; sounds like ow in the English word ''N'''ow''''' 
OE ; sounds like ou the English word ''Y'''ou''''' 
EU ; non-existent in English 
IJ / EI ; non-existent in English 
UI ; non-existent in English 

==Numbers==

1 één, 2 twee, 3 drie, 4 vier, 5 vijf, 6 zes, 7 zeven, 8 acht, 9 negen, 10 tien, 11 elf, 12 twaalf, 13 dertien, 14 veertien, 15 '''vijf'''tien, 16 '''zes'''tien, 17 '''zeven'''tien, 18 '''acht'''tien, 19 '''negen'''tien. 

Starting from 20, counting always takes place by adding the numbers one through nine ''before'' the decimal and adding '''''en'''''. 
20 twintig, 21 '''een'''''en''twintig, 22 '''twee'''''en''twintig, 23 '''drie'''''en''twintig, 24 '''vier'''''en''twintig, 25 '''vijf'''''en''twintig etc. 
30 dertig, 40 veertig, 50 vijftig, 60 zestig, 70 zeventig, 80 tachtig, 90 negentig, 100 honderd, 200 '''twee'''honderd, 300 '''drie'''honderd etc.

1000 duizend, 2000 '''twee'''duizend, 3000 '''drie'''duizend etc. 10.000 '''tien'''duizend, 100.000 '''honderd'''duizend, 1.000.000 miljoen, 1.000.000.000 miljard, 1.000.000.000.000 biljoen.

{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| eerste
| first
| zesde
| sixth
|-
| tweede
| second
| zevende
| seventh
|-
| derde
| third
| achtste
| eighth
|-
| vierde
| fourth
| negende
| ninth
|-
| vijfde
| fifth
| tiende
| tenth
|}
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Introductions]]

==Pronouns==

{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| ik
| I
|-
| jij/je
| you (singular)
|-
| hij
| he
|-
| zij
| she
|-
| het
| it

|-
| wij/we
| we
|-
| jullie
| you (plural)
|-
| zij
| they
|}
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Introductions]]

{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| mij/me
| me
|-
| jou/je
| you (singular)
|-
| hem/'m
| him
|-
| haar/d'r
| her
|-
| het
| it

|-
| ons
| us
|-
| jullie
| you (plural)
|-
| hen/hun
| them
|}
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Introductions]]

{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| mijn/m'n
| my
|-
| jouw/je
| your (singular)
|-
| zijn/z'n
| his
|-
| haar/d'r
| her
|-
| -
| its

|-
| ons, onze
| our
|-
| jullie
| your (plural)
|-
| hun
| their
|}
[[Category:Language]]
[[Category:Introductions]]

Note: When the Dutch forms come in pairs the one to the left is the stressed and official form and the one to the right the unstressed and less official form. The forms 'm and d'r are spoken forms that shouldn't be used in written form outside chat rooms. The difference between the use of hen and hun is slowly fading, though the official use of hun is only as a possesive adjective instead of a personal pronoun.

==Articles==

{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
| De
| The (masculine / feminine)
|-
| Het
| The (neuter)
|-
| Een
| A / an (indefinite)
|}

==Regular verbs==
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
|'''Present continuous'''
|-
| '''Leren''' (= to learn)
| '''Lopen''' (= to walk)
|-
|Ik leer
|Ik loop
|-
|Jij leer''t''
|Jij loop''t''
|-
|Hij / zij / het leer''t''
|Hij / zij / het loopt
|-
|Wij leren
|Wij lopen
|-
|Zij leren
|Zij lopen
|-
|Jullie leren
|Jullie lopen
|}

==Irregular verbs==
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
|'''Present continuous'''
|-
|'''Zijn''' (= being)
|-
| Ik ben
| I am
|-
| Jij bent
| You are (singular)
|-
| Hij / zij/ het is
| He / she / it is
|-
| Wij zijn
| We are
|-
| Jullie zijn
| You are (plural)
|-
| Zij zijn
| They are
|}

Archive:Introduction to German

2007-07-08T17:25:54Z

74.129.182.66: /* '''Common Greetings''' */

Welcome to '''Introduction to German'''.

==Unit Summary==
* '''Course code:''' ALAU101:
* '''Suggested Prerequisites:'''
** ...
* '''Time investment:'''
* '''Assessment suggestions:'''
* '''Faculty:''' Humanities
* '''School:''' [[School:Language and Literature]]
* '''Department:''' [[Topic:Language Aquisition]]
* '''Stream''' [[German Stream]]
* '''Level:''' Beginner

==Content summary==

==Intended outcome==

==Unit materials==

* '''Study guide:'''
* '''Wikipedia article:''' [[w: German_Language ]]

Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
* ...

Learning materials and [[Portal:Learning Projects|learning projects]] are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a [[link]] to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the [[Wikiversity:Namespaces|main namespace]]) and start writing!

===Texts===
An open-ended German book.
*[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/German German wikibook]

===Lessons===
*[[The Pronouns]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written (probably first).

*[[Introduction to basic German verbs]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written.

*[[:Image:ABC-Song.ogg|ABC-Song]] - audio file, also [[Image:German alphabet.ogg]]

===[[Introduction_to_German/Input|'''Typing German characters into a computer''']]===
For a PC, you have quick access by typing the following: 
ß - alt+0223 
ä - alt+0228 
ö - alt+0246 
ü - alt+0252 

On a Mac, the commands are as follows: 
ß - ⌥ + s 
ä - ⌥ + u, a 
ö - ⌥ + u, o 
ü - ⌥ + u, u 

Note: the umlaut can be assigned to any vowel by first holding '⌥' and pressing the 'u' key. It will then wait for a vowel key to be pressed.

=== Alphabet/Pronunciation ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Alphabet'''
|-
! German !! Letter Name !! Typical Pronunciation
|-
| A || Ah || Mall
|-
| B || Beh || B
|-
| C || Seh || Rarely (if ever) alone.
|-
| D || Deh || D ; T when final. (und -> "unt")
|-
| E || Eh || Met
|-
| F || Eff || F
|-
| G || Geh || G ; K when final. (Tag -> "Tak")
|-
| H || Ha || H
|-
| I || Ee || Mit ; Meet
|-
| J || Yote || Yellow
|-
| K || Kah || K
|-
| L || Ell || L
|-
| M || Emm || M
|-
| N || En || N
|-
| O || Oh || Wrote
|-
| P || Peh || P
|-
| Q || Coo || Kv when written with a U (Quer -> "Kver")
|-
| R || Err || [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]]

|-
| S || Ess || Z ; Sh (before P or T)
|-
| T || Teh || T
|-
| U || Ooh || Moon
|-
| V || Fau || F
|-
| W || Veh || V
|-
| X || Ihks / Eeks || X (ks)
|-
| Y || Oop'-sil-on (derived from Greek Upsilon) || See Ü

|-
| Z || Tset || Ts (Cats)
|-
| Ä || Ah-oomlaut || Approximately "E" as in met
|-
| Ö || Oh-oomlaut || Approximately "Ur" as in turn
|-
| Ü || Oo-oomlaut || Approximately "Ew" as in few
|-
| ß || Ess-Tset / Scharfes Ess || S
|}
Note: When Ä, Ö, and Ü are not available to be typed, they may be replaced by Ae, Oe, and Ue respectively.

The letter ß has no capital form and is never found at the beginning of a word. When words containing ß are written in all caps, a double S (SS) is substituted (Straße -> STRASSE). A double S may also be substituted when the character cannot be typed (Strasse).
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Consonant Clusters and Diphthongs'''
|-
! Cluster !! Pronunciation
|-
| Ch || Scottish Loch
|-
| Sch || Sh
|-
| Tsch || Ch
|-
| Dsch || J
|-
| Th || T
|-
| Kn || K is not kept silent.
|-
| Eu || "Boy"
|-
| Ei || "Eye"
|-
| Ie || "See"
|}

=== Vocabulary ===

==== Expressions of Time ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Specific Time'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| die Zeit || time
|-
| die Stunde || hour
|-
| die Minute || minute
|-
| die Sekunde || second
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Generic Times'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Tag || day
|-
| der Morgen || morning
|-
| der Mittag || midday/noon
|-
| der Nachmittag|| afternoon
|-
| der Abend || evening
|-
| die Nacht || night
|-
| die Mitternacht || midnight
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Past/Future/Present'''
! German || English
|-
| gestern || yesterday
|-
| heute || today
|-
| morgen || tomorrow
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Greetings|'''Common Greetings''']]====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| Hallo! || Hello!
|-
| Guten Morgen! || Good Morning
|-
| Guten Abend! || Good Evening
|-
| Gute Nacht! || Good Night (Only say if you're going to bed! Use 'Guten Abend' until bedtime. Regardless of the hour.)
|-
| Guten Tag! || Hello/Good Day
|-
| Tag! || (shorter version of above)
|-
| Grüß dich! || Hello (Lit.: Greet you)(informal/regional)
|-
| Ich heiße... || My name is... (Lit.: I am called...)
|-
| Wie geht's?(inf) Wie geht es Ihnen? (for) || How's it going?
| Was gibt's? || What's up? (Literally: What gives it?/What does it give?) (informal/regional)
|-
| Grüß Gott! || Hello (Literally: Greet God) (regional, southern Germany/Austria mainly)
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Numbers|'''Numbers''']]====
===== Cardinal Numbers =====
{| class="sort wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number !! German !! English
|-
| 1 || eins || one
|-
| 2 || zwei || two
|-
| 3 || drei || three
|-
| 4 || vier || four
|-
| 5 || fünf || five
|-
| 6 || sechs || six
|-
| 7 || sieben || seven
|-
| 8 || acht || eight
|-
| 9 || neun || nine
|-
| 10 || zehn || ten
|}
*Eleven and twelve are irregular:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| elf || eleven
|-
| zwölf || twelve
|}

*Numbers 13 through 19 are created as follows:
First digit number + 'zehn'
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| dreizehn || thirteen
|-
| vierzehn || fourteen
|-
| fünfzehn || fifteen
|-
| sechzehn || sixteen
|-
| siebzehn || seventeen
|-
| achtzehn || eighteen
|-
| neunzehn || nineteen
|}
Note: The "-s" in "Sechs" and the "-en" in "Sieben" are dropped in the combination.
 
 

===== Double Digits =====
*In German, two digit numbers are created by:
adding the suffix "-zig." (similar to English "-ty").

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| zwanzig|| twenty
|-
| dreißig || thirty
|-
| vierzig || forty
|-
| fünfzig || fifty
|-
| sechzig || sixty
|-
| siebzig || seventy
|-
| achtzig || eighty
|-
| neunzig || ninety
|}
Note: The spellings of zwanzig (20), dreißig (30), sechzig (60), and siebzig (70) are irregular. 

*Two digit numbers that do not end with zero are made as follows:
second digit + und + the number as it would be said if it ended in zero (English Example: 42 / Two and Fourty / twoandfourty / Zwei und vierzig / zweiundvierzig)

Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| einundzwanzig || 21
|-
| siebunddreißig || 37
|-
| sechsundvierzig || 46
|-
| vierundsechzig || 64
|-
| neunundneunzig || 99
|-
|}
*Large numbers are similar to English:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| hundert || 100
|-
| tausend || 1.000
|-
| Million || 1.000.000
|-
| Milliarde || 1.000.000.000
|-
| Trillion || 1.000.000.000.000
|-
|}
Note: Periods (.) are used to divide large numbers into groups of three, as opposed to commas (,).
*Commas are used as decimal points:
1.001 = "one thousand"
1,001 = "one point zero zero one"

===Sports===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Amerikanische Fußball || American football
|-
| der Fußball || football/soccer
|-
| der Tischtennis || tabletennis/Pingpong
|-
|}

=== Important verbs ===
Verb tables below
*[[Sein]]
*[[Haben]]
*[[German modal verbs|Modal verbs]]
*[[Regular verbs]]

=== Other Verbs ===
*[[gehen]] to go
*[[machen]] to do
*brauchen- to need
*essen- to eat
*heissen- to be called (as in, "her name is"; "sie heisst Claudia...")
*wissen- to know (knowledge, information)
*kennen- to know (acquaintance)
*spielen- to play
*besuchen- to visit
*laufen- to run
*radfahren- to ride a bike (Separable prefix. Ex. Ich fahre rad. (I ride a bike.))
*lachen = to laugh
*sehen = to see (Stem-changer... for du, er, sie, and es change the first 'e' to 'ie'): Ex. Siehst du mich? (Do you see me?)
*möchten = to would like
*fliegen = to fly
*lieben = to love
*schlafen = to sleep (Stem-changer. Change 'a' to umlauted 'a'.)
*weinen = to cry
*mögen = to like (Stem changer, change umlauted 'o' to 'a' in du, er, sie, and es forms. (Ex. Ich mag Katzen: I like cats.))

===Assignments===

To help you get acquainted with the written language, use this subpage to get in contact with German speaking Wikiversity participants.

==Active participants==
*[[User:Exorcist_bob | Exorcist_bob]]
*[[User:Mjvp13 | MjVP13]]
*[[User:Daniel M. Roberts | Daniel M. Roberts]]
*[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]]
*--[[User:Smithgrrl|Smithgrrl]] 02:38, 5 November 2006 (UTC) Ich spreche Deutsch nicht besonders gut, aber möchte gerne helfen wenn ich kann!
*[[User:Kaiti|Kaiti]] Ich werde wenn ich kann helfen!
*[[User:Enlil Ninlil|Enlil Ninlil]] 04:13, 27 April 2007 (UTC)
[[Category:German]]
[[Category:Introductions]]
[[Category:Multilingual Studies]]

Archive:Introduction to German

2007-07-08T17:09:23Z

74.129.182.66: /* Alphabet/Pronunciation */ Cleaned up my own unnecessary junk.

Welcome to '''Introduction to German'''.

==Unit Summary==
* '''Course code:''' ALAU101:
* '''Suggested Prerequisites:'''
** ...
* '''Time investment:'''
* '''Assessment suggestions:'''
* '''Faculty:''' Humanities
* '''School:''' [[School:Language and Literature]]
* '''Department:''' [[Topic:Language Aquisition]]
* '''Stream''' [[German Stream]]
* '''Level:''' Beginner

==Content summary==

==Intended outcome==

==Unit materials==

* '''Study guide:'''
* '''Wikipedia article:''' [[w: German_Language ]]

Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
* ...

Learning materials and [[Portal:Learning Projects|learning projects]] are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a [[link]] to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the [[Wikiversity:Namespaces|main namespace]]) and start writing!

===Texts===
An open-ended German book.
*[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/German German wikibook]

===Lessons===
*[[The Pronouns]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written (probably first).

*[[Introduction to basic German verbs]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written.

*[[:Image:ABC-Song.ogg|ABC-Song]] - audio file, also [[Image:German alphabet.ogg]]

===[[Introduction_to_German/Input|'''Typing German characters into a computer''']]===
For a PC, you have quick access by typing the following: 
ß - alt+0223 
ä - alt+0228 
ö - alt+0246 
ü - alt+0252 

On a Mac, the commands are as follows: 
ß - ⌥ + s 
ä - ⌥ + u, a 
ö - ⌥ + u, o 
ü - ⌥ + u, u 

Note: the umlaut can be assigned to any vowel by first holding '⌥' and pressing the 'u' key. It will then wait for a vowel key to be pressed.

=== Alphabet/Pronunciation ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Alphabet'''
|-
! German !! Letter Name !! Typical Pronunciation
|-
| A || Ah || Mall
|-
| B || Beh || B
|-
| C || Seh || Rarely (if ever) alone.
|-
| D || Deh || D ; T when final. (und -> "unt")
|-
| E || Eh || Met
|-
| F || Eff || F
|-
| G || Geh || G ; K when final. (Tag -> "Tak")
|-
| H || Ha || H
|-
| I || Ee || Mit ; Meet
|-
| J || Yote || Yellow
|-
| K || Kah || K
|-
| L || Ell || L
|-
| M || Emm || M
|-
| N || En || N
|-
| O || Oh || Wrote
|-
| P || Peh || P
|-
| Q || Coo || Kv when written with a U (Quer -> "Kver")
|-
| R || Err || [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]]

|-
| S || Ess || Z ; Sh (before P or T)
|-
| T || Teh || T
|-
| U || Ooh || Moon
|-
| V || Fau || F
|-
| W || Veh || V
|-
| X || Ihks / Eeks || X (ks)
|-
| Y || Oop'-sil-on (derived from Greek Upsilon) || See Ü

|-
| Z || Tset || Ts (Cats)
|-
| Ä || Ah-oomlaut || Approximately "E" as in met
|-
| Ö || Oh-oomlaut || Approximately "Ur" as in turn
|-
| Ü || Oo-oomlaut || Approximately "Ew" as in few
|-
| ß || Ess-Tset / Scharfes Ess || S
|}
Note: When Ä, Ö, and Ü are not available to be typed, they may be replaced by Ae, Oe, and Ue respectively.

The letter ß has no capital form and is never found at the beginning of a word. When words containing ß are written in all caps, a double S (SS) is substituted (Straße -> STRASSE). A double S may also be substituted when the character cannot be typed (Strasse).
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Consonant Clusters and Diphthongs'''
|-
! Cluster !! Pronunciation
|-
| Ch || Scottish Loch
|-
| Sch || Sh
|-
| Tsch || Ch
|-
| Dsch || J
|-
| Th || T
|-
| Kn || K is not kept silent.
|-
| Eu || "Boy"
|-
| Ei || "Eye"
|-
| Ie || "See"
|}

=== Vocabulary ===

==== Expressions of Time ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Specific Time'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| die Zeit || time
|-
| die Stunde || hour
|-
| die Minute || minute
|-
| die Sekunde || second
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Generic Times'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Tag || day
|-
| der Morgen || morning
|-
| der Mittag || midday/noon
|-
| der Nachmittag|| afternoon
|-
| der Abend || evening
|-
| die Nacht || night
|-
| die Mitternacht || midnight
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Past/Future/Present'''
! German || English
|-
| gestern || yesterday
|-
| heute || today
|-
| morgen || tomorrow
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Greetings|'''Common Greetings''']]====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| Hallo! || Hello!
|-
| guten Morgen || Good Morning
|-
| guten Abend || Good Evening
|-
| gute Nacht || Good Night (Only say if you're going to bed! Use 'Guten Abend' until bedtime. Regardless of the hour.)
|-
| guten Tag || Hello/Good Day
|-
| Tag! || (shorter version of above)
|-
| grüß dich! || Hello (informal/regional)
|-
| Ich heiße... || My name is...
|-
| wie geht's? || How are you?
|-
| was gibt's? || What's up? (Literally: What gives it?) (informal/regional)
|-
| grüß gott! || Hello (Literally: Greet god) (informal/regional, southern germany/austria mainly)
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Numbers|'''Numbers''']]====
===== Cardinal Numbers =====
{| class="sort wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number !! German !! English
|-
| 1 || eins || one
|-
| 2 || zwei || two
|-
| 3 || drei || three
|-
| 4 || vier || four
|-
| 5 || fünf || five
|-
| 6 || sechs || six
|-
| 7 || sieben || seven
|-
| 8 || acht || eight
|-
| 9 || neun || nine
|-
| 10 || zehn || ten
|}
*Eleven and twelve are irregular:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| elf || eleven
|-
| zwölf || twelve
|}

*Numbers 13 through 19 are created as follows:
First digit number + 'zehn'
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| dreizehn || thirteen
|-
| vierzehn || fourteen
|-
| fünfzehn || fifteen
|-
| sechzehn || sixteen
|-
| siebzehn || seventeen
|-
| achtzehn || eighteen
|-
| neunzehn || nineteen
|}
Note: The "-s" in "Sechs" and the "-en" in "Sieben" are dropped in the combination.
 
 

===== Double Digits =====
*In German, two digit numbers are created by:
adding the suffix "-zig." (similar to English "-ty").

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| zwanzig|| twenty
|-
| dreißig || thirty
|-
| vierzig || forty
|-
| fünfzig || fifty
|-
| sechzig || sixty
|-
| siebzig || seventy
|-
| achtzig || eighty
|-
| neunzig || ninety
|}
Note: The spellings of zwanzig (20), dreißig (30), sechzig (60), and siebzig (70) are irregular. 

*Two digit numbers that do not end with zero are made as follows:
second digit + und + the number as it would be said if it ended in zero (English Example: 42 / Two and Fourty / twoandfourty / Zwei und vierzig / zweiundvierzig)

Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| einundzwanzig || 21
|-
| siebunddreißig || 37
|-
| sechsundvierzig || 46
|-
| vierundsechzig || 64
|-
| neunundneunzig || 99
|-
|}
*Large numbers are similar to English:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| hundert || 100
|-
| tausend || 1.000
|-
| Million || 1.000.000
|-
| Milliarde || 1.000.000.000
|-
| Trillion || 1.000.000.000.000
|-
|}
Note: Periods (.) are used to divide large numbers into groups of three, as opposed to commas (,).
*Commas are used as decimal points:
1.001 = "one thousand"
1,001 = "one point zero zero one"

===Sports===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Amerikanische Fußball || American football
|-
| der Fußball || football/soccer
|-
| der Tischtennis || tabletennis/Pingpong
|-
|}

=== Important verbs ===
Verb tables below
*[[Sein]]
*[[Haben]]
*[[German modal verbs|Modal verbs]]
*[[Regular verbs]]

=== Other Verbs ===
*[[gehen]] to go
*[[machen]] to do
*brauchen- to need
*essen- to eat
*heissen- to be called (as in, "her name is"; "sie heisst Claudia...")
*wissen- to know (knowledge, information)
*kennen- to know (acquaintance)
*spielen- to play
*besuchen- to visit
*laufen- to run
*radfahren- to ride a bike (Separable prefix. Ex. Ich fahre rad. (I ride a bike.))
*lachen = to laugh
*sehen = to see (Stem-changer... for du, er, sie, and es change the first 'e' to 'ie'): Ex. Siehst du mich? (Do you see me?)
*möchten = to would like
*fliegen = to fly
*lieben = to love
*schlafen = to sleep (Stem-changer. Change 'a' to umlauted 'a'.)
*weinen = to cry
*mögen = to like (Stem changer, change umlauted 'o' to 'a' in du, er, sie, and es forms. (Ex. Ich mag Katzen: I like cats.))

===Assignments===

To help you get acquainted with the written language, use this subpage to get in contact with German speaking Wikiversity participants.

==Active participants==
*[[User:Exorcist_bob | Exorcist_bob]]
*[[User:Mjvp13 | MjVP13]]
*[[User:Daniel M. Roberts | Daniel M. Roberts]]
*[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]]
*--[[User:Smithgrrl|Smithgrrl]] 02:38, 5 November 2006 (UTC) Ich spreche Deutsch nicht besonders gut, aber möchte gerne helfen wenn ich kann!
*[[User:Kaiti|Kaiti]] Ich werde wenn ich kann helfen!
*[[User:Enlil Ninlil|Enlil Ninlil]] 04:13, 27 April 2007 (UTC)
[[Category:German]]
[[Category:Introductions]]
[[Category:Multilingual Studies]]

Archive:Introduction to German

2007-07-08T17:04:51Z

74.129.182.66: /* Alphabet/Pronunciation */

Welcome to '''Introduction to German'''.

==Unit Summary==
* '''Course code:''' ALAU101:
* '''Suggested Prerequisites:'''
** ...
* '''Time investment:'''
* '''Assessment suggestions:'''
* '''Faculty:''' Humanities
* '''School:''' [[School:Language and Literature]]
* '''Department:''' [[Topic:Language Aquisition]]
* '''Stream''' [[German Stream]]
* '''Level:''' Beginner

==Content summary==

==Intended outcome==

==Unit materials==

* '''Study guide:'''
* '''Wikipedia article:''' [[w: German_Language ]]

Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
* ...

Learning materials and [[Portal:Learning Projects|learning projects]] are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a [[link]] to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the [[Wikiversity:Namespaces|main namespace]]) and start writing!

===Texts===
An open-ended German book.
*[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/German German wikibook]

===Lessons===
*[[The Pronouns]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written (probably first).

*[[Introduction to basic German verbs]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written.

*[[:Image:ABC-Song.ogg|ABC-Song]] - audio file, also [[Image:German alphabet.ogg]]

===[[Introduction_to_German/Input|'''Typing German characters into a computer''']]===
For a PC, you have quick access by typing the following: 
ß - alt+0223 
ä - alt+0228 
ö - alt+0246 
ü - alt+0252 

On a Mac, the commands are as follows: 
ß - ⌥ + s 
ä - ⌥ + u, a 
ö - ⌥ + u, o 
ü - ⌥ + u, u 

Note: the umlaut can be assigned to any vowel by first holding '⌥' and pressing the 'u' key. It will then wait for a vowel key to be pressed.

=== Alphabet/Pronunciation ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Alphabet'''
|-
! German !! Letter Name !! Typical Pronunciation
|-
| A || Ah || Mall
|-
| B || Beh || (Same as English)
|-
| C || Seh || Rarely (if ever) alone.
|-
| D || Deh || (Same as English) ; "T" when final. (und -> "unt")
|-
| E || Eh || Met
|-
| F || Eff || (Same as English)
|-
| G || Geh || (Same as English) ; "K" when final. (Tag -> "Tak")
|-
| H || Ha || (Same as English)
|-
| I || Ee || Mit ; Meet
|-
| J || Yote || Yellow
|-
| K || Kah || (Same as English)
|-
| L || Ell || (Same as English)
|-
| M || Emm || (Same as English)
|-
| N || En || (Same as English)
|-
| O || Oh || Wrote
|-
| P || Peh || (Same as English)
|-
| Q || Coo || Kv when written with a U (i.e. Quer -> "Kver")
|-
| R || Err || [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]]

|-
| S || Ess || Zebra ; Sheep (before P or T)
|-
| T || Teh || (Same as English)
|-
| U || Ooh || Moon
|-
| V || Fau || Fast
|-
| W || Veh || Violin
|-
| X || Ihks / Eeks || Hex
|-
| Y || Oop'-sil-on (derived from Greek Upsilon) || See Ü

|-
| Z || Tset || Cats
|-
| Ä || Ah-oomlaut || Approximately "E" as in met
|-
| Ö || Oh-oomlaut || Approximately "Ur" as in turn
|-
| Ü || Oo-oomlaut || Approximately "Ew" as in few
|-
| ß || Ess-Tset / Scharfes Ess || Miss
|}
Note: When Ä, Ö, and Ü are not available to be typed, they may be replaced by Ae, Oe, and Ue respectively.

The letter ß has no capital form and is never found at the beginning of a word. When words containing ß are written in all caps, a double S (SS) is substituted (Straße -> STRASSE). A double S may also be substituted when the character cannot be typed (Strasse).
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Consonant Clusters and Diphthongs'''
|-
! Cluster !! Pronunciation
|-
| Ch || Scottish Loch
|-
| Sch || Sh
|-
| Tsch || Ch
|-
| Dsch || J
|-
| Th || T
|-
| Kn || K is not kept silent.
|-
| Eu || "Boy"
|-
| Ei || "Eye"
|-
| Ie || "See"
|}

=== Vocabulary ===

==== Expressions of Time ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Specific Time'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| die Zeit || time
|-
| die Stunde || hour
|-
| die Minute || minute
|-
| die Sekunde || second
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Generic Times'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Tag || day
|-
| der Morgen || morning
|-
| der Mittag || midday/noon
|-
| der Nachmittag|| afternoon
|-
| der Abend || evening
|-
| die Nacht || night
|-
| die Mitternacht || midnight
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Past/Future/Present'''
! German || English
|-
| gestern || yesterday
|-
| heute || today
|-
| morgen || tomorrow
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Greetings|'''Common Greetings''']]====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| Hallo! || Hello!
|-
| guten Morgen || Good Morning
|-
| guten Abend || Good Evening
|-
| gute Nacht || Good Night (Only say if you're going to bed! Use 'Guten Abend' until bedtime. Regardless of the hour.)
|-
| guten Tag || Hello/Good Day
|-
| Tag! || (shorter version of above)
|-
| grüß dich! || Hello (informal/regional)
|-
| Ich heiße... || My name is...
|-
| wie geht's? || How are you?
|-
| was gibt's? || What's up? (Literally: What gives it?) (informal/regional)
|-
| grüß gott! || Hello (Literally: Greet god) (informal/regional, southern germany/austria mainly)
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Numbers|'''Numbers''']]====
===== Cardinal Numbers =====
{| class="sort wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number !! German !! English
|-
| 1 || eins || one
|-
| 2 || zwei || two
|-
| 3 || drei || three
|-
| 4 || vier || four
|-
| 5 || fünf || five
|-
| 6 || sechs || six
|-
| 7 || sieben || seven
|-
| 8 || acht || eight
|-
| 9 || neun || nine
|-
| 10 || zehn || ten
|}
*Eleven and twelve are irregular:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| elf || eleven
|-
| zwölf || twelve
|}

*Numbers 13 through 19 are created as follows:
First digit number + 'zehn'
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| dreizehn || thirteen
|-
| vierzehn || fourteen
|-
| fünfzehn || fifteen
|-
| sechzehn || sixteen
|-
| siebzehn || seventeen
|-
| achtzehn || eighteen
|-
| neunzehn || nineteen
|}
Note: The "-s" in "Sechs" and the "-en" in "Sieben" are dropped in the combination.
 
 

===== Double Digits =====
*In German, two digit numbers are created by:
adding the suffix "-zig." (similar to English "-ty").

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| zwanzig|| twenty
|-
| dreißig || thirty
|-
| vierzig || forty
|-
| fünfzig || fifty
|-
| sechzig || sixty
|-
| siebzig || seventy
|-
| achtzig || eighty
|-
| neunzig || ninety
|}
Note: The spellings of zwanzig (20), dreißig (30), sechzig (60), and siebzig (70) are irregular. 

*Two digit numbers that do not end with zero are made as follows:
second digit + und + the number as it would be said if it ended in zero (English Example: 42 / Two and Fourty / twoandfourty / Zwei und vierzig / zweiundvierzig)

Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| einundzwanzig || 21
|-
| siebunddreißig || 37
|-
| sechsundvierzig || 46
|-
| vierundsechzig || 64
|-
| neunundneunzig || 99
|-
|}
*Large numbers are similar to English:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| hundert || 100
|-
| tausend || 1.000
|-
| Million || 1.000.000
|-
| Milliarde || 1.000.000.000
|-
| Trillion || 1.000.000.000.000
|-
|}
Note: Periods (.) are used to divide large numbers into groups of three, as opposed to commas (,).
*Commas are used as decimal points:
1.001 = "one thousand"
1,001 = "one point zero zero one"

===Sports===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Amerikanische Fußball || American football
|-
| der Fußball || football/soccer
|-
| der Tischtennis || tabletennis/Pingpong
|-
|}

=== Important verbs ===
Verb tables below
*[[Sein]]
*[[Haben]]
*[[German modal verbs|Modal verbs]]
*[[Regular verbs]]

=== Other Verbs ===
*[[gehen]] to go
*[[machen]] to do
*brauchen- to need
*essen- to eat
*heissen- to be called (as in, "her name is"; "sie heisst Claudia...")
*wissen- to know (knowledge, information)
*kennen- to know (acquaintance)
*spielen- to play
*besuchen- to visit
*laufen- to run
*radfahren- to ride a bike (Separable prefix. Ex. Ich fahre rad. (I ride a bike.))
*lachen = to laugh
*sehen = to see (Stem-changer... for du, er, sie, and es change the first 'e' to 'ie'): Ex. Siehst du mich? (Do you see me?)
*möchten = to would like
*fliegen = to fly
*lieben = to love
*schlafen = to sleep (Stem-changer. Change 'a' to umlauted 'a'.)
*weinen = to cry
*mögen = to like (Stem changer, change umlauted 'o' to 'a' in du, er, sie, and es forms. (Ex. Ich mag Katzen: I like cats.))

===Assignments===

To help you get acquainted with the written language, use this subpage to get in contact with German speaking Wikiversity participants.

==Active participants==
*[[User:Exorcist_bob | Exorcist_bob]]
*[[User:Mjvp13 | MjVP13]]
*[[User:Daniel M. Roberts | Daniel M. Roberts]]
*[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]]
*--[[User:Smithgrrl|Smithgrrl]] 02:38, 5 November 2006 (UTC) Ich spreche Deutsch nicht besonders gut, aber möchte gerne helfen wenn ich kann!
*[[User:Kaiti|Kaiti]] Ich werde wenn ich kann helfen!
*[[User:Enlil Ninlil|Enlil Ninlil]] 04:13, 27 April 2007 (UTC)
[[Category:German]]
[[Category:Introductions]]
[[Category:Multilingual Studies]]

Archive:Introduction to German

2007-07-08T16:45:01Z

74.129.182.66:

Welcome to '''Introduction to German'''.

==Unit Summary==
* '''Course code:''' ALAU101:
* '''Suggested Prerequisites:'''
** ...
* '''Time investment:'''
* '''Assessment suggestions:'''
* '''Faculty:''' Humanities
* '''School:''' [[School:Language and Literature]]
* '''Department:''' [[Topic:Language Aquisition]]
* '''Stream''' [[German Stream]]
* '''Level:''' Beginner

==Content summary==

==Intended outcome==

==Unit materials==

* '''Study guide:'''
* '''Wikipedia article:''' [[w: German_Language ]]

Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
* ...

Learning materials and [[Portal:Learning Projects|learning projects]] are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a [[link]] to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the [[Wikiversity:Namespaces|main namespace]]) and start writing!

===Texts===
An open-ended German book.
*[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/German German wikibook]

===Lessons===
*[[The Pronouns]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written (probably first).

*[[Introduction to basic German verbs]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written.

*[[:Image:ABC-Song.ogg|ABC-Song]] - audio file, also [[Image:German alphabet.ogg]]

===[[Introduction_to_German/Input|'''Typing German characters into a computer''']]===
For a PC, you have quick access by typing the following: 
ß - alt+0223 
ä - alt+0228 
ö - alt+0246 
ü - alt+0252 

On a Mac, the commands are as follows: 
ß - ⌥ + s 
ä - ⌥ + u, a 
ö - ⌥ + u, o 
ü - ⌥ + u, u 

Note: the umlaut can be assigned to any vowel by first holding '⌥' and pressing the 'u' key. It will then wait for a vowel key to be pressed.

=== Alphabet/Pronunciation ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Alphabet'''
|-
! German !! Letter Name !! Typical Pronunciation
|-
| A || Ah || Mall
|-
| B || Beh || (Same as English)
|-
| C || Seh || Rarely (if ever) alone.
|-
| D || Deh || (Same as English) ; "T" when final. (und -> "unt")
|-
| E || Eh || Met
|-
| F || Eff || (Same as English)
|-
| G || Geh || (Same as English) ; "K" when final. (Tag -> "Tak")
|-
| H || Ha || (Same as English)
|-
| I || Ee || Mit ; Meet
|-
| J || Yote || Yellow
|-
| K || Kah || (Same as English)
|-
| L || Ell || (Same as English)
|-
| M || Emm || (Same as English)
|-
| N || En || (Same as English)
|-
| O || Oh || Wrote
|-
| P || Peh || (Same as English)
|-
| Q || Coo || Kv when written with a U (i.e. Quer -> "Kver")
|-
| R || Err || [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]]

|-
| S || Ess || Zebra ; Sheep (before P or T)
|-
| T || Teh || (Same as English)
|-
| U || Ooh || Moon
|-
| V || Fau || Fast
|-
| W || Veh || Violin
|-
| X || Ihks / Eeks || Hex
|-
| Y || Oop'-sil-on (derived from Greek Upsilon) || See Ü

|-
| Z || Tset || Cats
|-
| Ä || Ah-oomlaut || Approximately "E" as in met
|-
| Ö || Oh-oomlaut || Approximately "Ur" as in turn
|-
| Ü || Oo-oomlaut || Approximately "Ew" as in few
|-
| ß || Ess-Tset / Scharfes Ess Can be substituted with two s's (Straße or Strasse) Never written capital (Straße becomes STRASSE) || Miss
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Consonant Clusters and Diphthongs'''
|-
! Cluster !! Pronunciation
|-
| Ch || Scottish Loch
|-
| Sch || Sh
|-
| Tsch || Ch
|-
| Dsch || J
|-
| Th || T
|-
| Kn || K is not kept silent.
|-
| Eu || "Boy"
|-
| Ei || "Eye"
|-
| Ie || "See"
|}

=== Vocabulary ===

==== Expressions of Time ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Specific Time'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| die Zeit || time
|-
| die Stunde || hour
|-
| die Minute || minute
|-
| die Sekunde || second
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Generic Times'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Tag || day
|-
| der Morgen || morning
|-
| der Mittag || midday/noon
|-
| der Nachmittag|| afternoon
|-
| der Abend || evening
|-
| die Nacht || night
|-
| die Mitternacht || midnight
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Past/Future/Present'''
! German || English
|-
| gestern || yesterday
|-
| heute || today
|-
| morgen || tomorrow
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Greetings|'''Common Greetings''']]====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| Hallo! || Hello!
|-
| guten Morgen || Good Morning
|-
| guten Abend || Good Evening
|-
| gute Nacht || Good Night (Only say if you're going to bed! Use 'Guten Abend' until bedtime. Regardless of the hour.)
|-
| guten Tag || Hello/Good Day
|-
| Tag! || (shorter version of above)
|-
| grüß dich! || Hello (informal/regional)
|-
| Ich heiße... || My name is...
|-
| wie geht's? || How are you?
|-
| was gibt's? || What's up? (Literally: What gives it?) (informal/regional)
|-
| grüß gott! || Hello (Literally: Greet god) (informal/regional, southern germany/austria mainly)
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Numbers|'''Numbers''']]====
===== Cardinal Numbers =====
{| class="sort wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number !! German !! English
|-
| 1 || eins || one
|-
| 2 || zwei || two
|-
| 3 || drei || three
|-
| 4 || vier || four
|-
| 5 || fünf || five
|-
| 6 || sechs || six
|-
| 7 || sieben || seven
|-
| 8 || acht || eight
|-
| 9 || neun || nine
|-
| 10 || zehn || ten
|}
*Eleven and twelve are irregular:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| elf || eleven
|-
| zwölf || twelve
|}

*Numbers 13 through 19 are created as follows:
First digit number + 'zehn'
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| dreizehn || thirteen
|-
| vierzehn || fourteen
|-
| fünfzehn || fifteen
|-
| sechzehn || sixteen
|-
| siebzehn || seventeen
|-
| achtzehn || eighteen
|-
| neunzehn || nineteen
|}
Note: The "-s" in "Sechs" and the "-en" in "Sieben" are dropped in the combination.
 
 

===== Double Digits =====
*In German, two digit numbers are created by:
adding the suffix "-zig." (similar to English "-ty").

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| zwanzig|| twenty
|-
| dreißig || thirty
|-
| vierzig || forty
|-
| fünfzig || fifty
|-
| sechzig || sixty
|-
| siebzig || seventy
|-
| achtzig || eighty
|-
| neunzig || ninety
|}
Note: The spellings of zwanzig (20), dreißig (30), sechzig (60), and siebzig (70) are irregular. 

*Two digit numbers that do not end with zero are made as follows:
second digit + und + the number as it would be said if it ended in zero (English Example: 42 / Two and Fourty / twoandfourty / Zwei und vierzig / zweiundvierzig)

Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| einundzwanzig || 21
|-
| siebunddreißig || 37
|-
| sechsundvierzig || 46
|-
| vierundsechzig || 64
|-
| neunundneunzig || 99
|-
|}
*Large numbers are similar to English:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| hundert || 100
|-
| tausend || 1.000
|-
| Million || 1.000.000
|-
| Milliarde || 1.000.000.000
|-
| Trillion || 1.000.000.000.000
|-
|}
Note: Periods (.) are used to divide large numbers into groups of three, as opposed to commas (,).
*Commas are used as decimal points:
1.001 = "one thousand"
1,001 = "one point zero zero one"

===Sports===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Amerikanische Fußball || American football
|-
| der Fußball || football/soccer
|-
| der Tischtennis || tabletennis/Pingpong
|-
|}

=== Important verbs ===
Verb tables below
*[[Sein]]
*[[Haben]]
*[[German modal verbs|Modal verbs]]
*[[Regular verbs]]

=== Other Verbs ===
*[[gehen]] to go
*[[machen]] to do
*brauchen- to need
*essen- to eat
*heissen- to be called (as in, "her name is"; "sie heisst Claudia...")
*wissen- to know (knowledge, information)
*kennen- to know (acquaintance)
*spielen- to play
*besuchen- to visit
*laufen- to run
*radfahren- to ride a bike (Separable prefix. Ex. Ich fahre rad. (I ride a bike.))
*lachen = to laugh
*sehen = to see (Stem-changer... for du, er, sie, and es change the first 'e' to 'ie'): Ex. Siehst du mich? (Do you see me?)
*möchten = to would like
*fliegen = to fly
*lieben = to love
*schlafen = to sleep (Stem-changer. Change 'a' to umlauted 'a'.)
*weinen = to cry
*mögen = to like (Stem changer, change umlauted 'o' to 'a' in du, er, sie, and es forms. (Ex. Ich mag Katzen: I like cats.))

===Assignments===

To help you get acquainted with the written language, use this subpage to get in contact with German speaking Wikiversity participants.

==Active participants==
*[[User:Exorcist_bob | Exorcist_bob]]
*[[User:Mjvp13 | MjVP13]]
*[[User:Daniel M. Roberts | Daniel M. Roberts]]
*[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]]
*--[[User:Smithgrrl|Smithgrrl]] 02:38, 5 November 2006 (UTC) Ich spreche Deutsch nicht besonders gut, aber möchte gerne helfen wenn ich kann!
*[[User:Kaiti|Kaiti]] Ich werde wenn ich kann helfen!
*[[User:Enlil Ninlil|Enlil Ninlil]] 04:13, 27 April 2007 (UTC)
[[Category:German]]
[[Category:Introductions]]
[[Category:Multilingual Studies]]

Archive:Introduction to German

2007-07-08T16:31:25Z

74.129.182.66: /* Pronunciation / Alphabet */

Welcome to '''Introduction to German'''.

==Unit Summary==
* '''Course code:''' ALAU101:
* '''Suggested Prerequisites:'''
** ...
* '''Time investment:'''
* '''Assessment suggestions:'''
* '''Faculty:''' Humanities
* '''School:''' [[School:Language and Literature]]
* '''Department:''' [[Topic:Language Aquisition]]
* '''Stream''' [[German Stream]]
* '''Level:''' Beginner

==Content summary==

==Intended outcome==

==Unit materials==

* '''Study guide:'''
* '''Wikipedia article:''' [[w: German_Language ]]

Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
* ...

Learning materials and [[Portal:Learning Projects|learning projects]] are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a [[link]] to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the [[Wikiversity:Namespaces|main namespace]]) and start writing!

===Texts===
An open-ended German book.
*[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/German German wikibook]

===Lessons===
*[[The Pronouns]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written (probably first).

*[[Introduction to basic German verbs]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written.

*[[:Image:ABC-Song.ogg|ABC-Song]] - audio file, also [[Image:German alphabet.ogg]]

===[[Introduction_to_German/Input|'''Typing German characters into a computer''']]===
For a PC, you have quick access by typing the following: 
ß - alt+0223 
ä - alt+0228 
ö - alt+0246 
ü - alt+0252 

On a Mac, the commands are as follows: 
ß - ⌥ + s 
ä - ⌥ + u, a 
ö - ⌥ + u, o 
ü - ⌥ + u, u 

Note: the umlaut can be assigned to any vowel by first holding '⌥' and pressing the 'u' key. It will then wait for a vowel key to be pressed.

=== Pronunciation / Alphabet ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Alphabet'''
|-
! German !! English Equivalent !! Typical Pronunciation
|-
| A || Ah || Mall
|-
| B || Beh || (Same as English)
|-
| C || Seh || Rarely (if ever) alone.
|-
| D || Deh || (Same as English) ; "T" when final. (und -> "unt")
|-
| E || Eh || Met
|-
| F || Eff || (Same as English)
|-
| G || Geh || (Same as English) ; "K" when final. (Tag -> "Tak")
|-
| H || Ha || (Same as English)
|-
| I || Ee || Mit ; Meet
|-
| J || Yote || Yellow
|-
| K || Kah || (Same as English)
|-
| L || Ell || (Same as English)
|-
| M || Emm || (Same as English)
|-
| N || En || (Same as English)
|-
| O || Oh || Wrote
|-
| P || Peh || (Same as English)
|-
| Q || Coo || Kv when written with a U (i.e. Quer -> "Kver")
|-
| R || Err || [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]]

|-
| S || Ess || Zebra ; Sheep (before P or T)
|-
| T || Teh || (Same as English)
|-
| U || Ooh || Moon
|-
| V || Fau || Fast
|-
| W || Veh || Violin
|-
| X || Ihks / Eeks || Hex
|-
| Y || Oop'-sil-on (derived from Greek Upsilon) || See Ü

|-
| Z || Tset || Cats
|-
| Ä || Ah-oomlaut || Approximately "E" as in met
|-
| Ö || Oh-oomlaut || Approximately "Ur" as in turn
|-
| Ü || Oo-oomlaut || Approximately "Ew" as in few
|-
| ß || Ess-Tset / Scharfes Ess Can be substituted with two s's (Straße or Strasse) Never written capital (Straße becomes STRASSE) || Miss
|}

=== Vocabulary ===

==== Expressions of Time ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Specific Time'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| die Zeit || time
|-
| die Stunde || hour
|-
| die Minute || minute
|-
| die Sekunde || second
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Generic Times'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Tag || day
|-
| der Morgen || morning
|-
| der Mittag || midday/noon
|-
| der Nachmittag|| afternoon
|-
| der Abend || evening
|-
| die Nacht || night
|-
| die Mitternacht || midnight
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Past/Future/Present'''
! German || English
|-
| gestern || yesterday
|-
| heute || today
|-
| morgen || tomorrow
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Greetings|'''Common Greetings''']]====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| Hallo! || Hello!
|-
| guten Morgen || Good Morning
|-
| guten Abend || Good Evening
|-
| gute Nacht || Good Night (Only say if you're going to bed! Use 'Guten Abend' until bedtime. Regardless of the hour.)
|-
| guten Tag || Hello/Good Day
|-
| Tag! || (shorter version of above)
|-
| grüß dich! || Hello (informal/regional)
|-
| Ich heiße... || My name is...
|-
| wie geht's? || How are you?
|-
| was gibt's? || What's up? (Literally: What gives it?) (informal/regional)
|-
| grüß gott! || Hello (Literally: Greet god) (informal/regional, southern germany/austria mainly)
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Numbers|'''Numbers''']]====
===== Cardinal Numbers =====
{| class="sort wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number !! German !! English
|-
| 1 || eins || one
|-
| 2 || zwei || two
|-
| 3 || drei || three
|-
| 4 || vier || four
|-
| 5 || fünf || five
|-
| 6 || sechs || six
|-
| 7 || sieben || seven
|-
| 8 || acht || eight
|-
| 9 || neun || nine
|-
| 10 || zehn || ten
|}
*Eleven and twelve are irregular:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| elf || eleven
|-
| zwölf || twelve
|}

*Numbers 13 through 19 are created as follows:
First digit number + 'zehn'
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| dreizehn || thirteen
|-
| vierzehn || fourteen
|-
| fünfzehn || fifteen
|-
| sechzehn || sixteen
|-
| siebzehn || seventeen
|-
| achtzehn || eighteen
|-
| neunzehn || nineteen
|}
Note: The "-s" in "Sechs" and the "-en" in "Sieben" are dropped in the combination.
 
 

===== Double Digits =====
*In German, two digit numbers are created by:
adding the suffix "-zig." (similar to English "-ty").

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| zwanzig|| twenty
|-
| dreißig || thirty
|-
| vierzig || forty
|-
| fünfzig || fifty
|-
| sechzig || sixty
|-
| siebzig || seventy
|-
| achtzig || eighty
|-
| neunzig || ninety
|}
Note: The spellings of zwanzig (20), dreißig (30), sechzig (60), and siebzig (70) are irregular. 

*Two digit numbers that do not end with zero are made as follows:
second digit + und + the number as it would be said if it ended in zero (English Example: 42 / Two and Fourty / twoandfourty / Zwei und vierzig / zweiundvierzig)

Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| einundzwanzig || 21
|-
| siebunddreißig || 37
|-
| sechsundvierzig || 46
|-
| vierundsechzig || 64
|-
| neunundneunzig || 99
|-
|}
*Large numbers are similar to English:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| hundert || 100
|-
| tausend || 1.000
|-
| Million || 1.000.000
|-
| Milliarde || 1.000.000.000
|-
| Trillion || 1.000.000.000.000
|-
|}
Note: Periods (.) are used to divide large numbers into groups of three, as opposed to commas (,).
*Commas are used as decimal points:
1.001 = "one thousand"
1,001 = "one point zero zero one"

===Sports===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Amerikanische Fußball || American football
|-
| der Fußball || football/soccer
|-
| der Tischtennis || tabletennis/Pingpong
|-
|}

=== Important verbs ===
Verb tables below
*[[Sein]]
*[[Haben]]
*[[German modal verbs|Modal verbs]]
*[[Regular verbs]]

=== Other Verbs ===
*[[gehen]] to go
*[[machen]] to do
*brauchen- to need
*essen- to eat
*heissen- to be called (as in, "her name is"; "sie heisst Claudia...")
*wissen- to know (knowledge, information)
*kennen- to know (acquaintance)
*spielen- to play
*besuchen- to visit
*laufen- to run
*radfahren- to ride a bike (Separable prefix. Ex. Ich fahre rad. (I ride a bike.))
*lachen = to laugh
*sehen = to see (Stem-changer... for du, er, sie, and es change the first 'e' to 'ie'): Ex. Siehst du mich? (Do you see me?)
*möchten = to would like
*fliegen = to fly
*lieben = to love
*schlafen = to sleep (Stem-changer. Change 'a' to umlauted 'a'.)
*weinen = to cry
*mögen = to like (Stem changer, change umlauted 'o' to 'a' in du, er, sie, and es forms. (Ex. Ich mag Katzen: I like cats.))

===Assignments===

To help you get acquainted with the written language, use this subpage to get in contact with German speaking Wikiversity participants.

==Active participants==
*[[User:Exorcist_bob | Exorcist_bob]]
*[[User:Mjvp13 | MjVP13]]
*[[User:Daniel M. Roberts | Daniel M. Roberts]]
*[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]]
*--[[User:Smithgrrl|Smithgrrl]] 02:38, 5 November 2006 (UTC) Ich spreche Deutsch nicht besonders gut, aber möchte gerne helfen wenn ich kann!
*[[User:Kaiti|Kaiti]] Ich werde wenn ich kann helfen!
*[[User:Enlil Ninlil|Enlil Ninlil]] 04:13, 27 April 2007 (UTC)
[[Category:German]]
[[Category:Introductions]]
[[Category:Multilingual Studies]]

Archive:Introduction to German

2007-07-04T07:59:30Z

74.129.182.66: /* Pronunciation / Alphabet */

Welcome to '''Introduction to German'''.

==Unit Summary==
* '''Course code:''' ALAU101:
* '''Suggested Prerequisites:'''
** ...
* '''Time investment:'''
* '''Assessment suggestions:'''
* '''Faculty:''' Humanities
* '''School:''' [[School:Language and Literature]]
* '''Department:''' [[Topic:Language Aquisition]]
* '''Stream''' [[German Stream]]
* '''Level:''' Beginner

==Content summary==

==Intended outcome==

==Unit materials==

* '''Study guide:'''
* '''Wikipedia article:''' [[w: German_Language ]]

Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
* ...

Learning materials and [[Portal:Learning Projects|learning projects]] are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a [[link]] to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the [[Wikiversity:Namespaces|main namespace]]) and start writing!

===Texts===
An open-ended German book.
*[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/German German wikibook]

===Lessons===
*[[The Pronouns]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written (probably first).

*[[Introduction to basic German verbs]] <--Needs to be numbered in a good place when other lessons are written.

*[[:Image:ABC-Song.ogg|ABC-Song]] - audio file, also [[Image:German alphabet.ogg]]

===[[Introduction_to_German/Input|'''Typing German characters into a computer''']]===
For a PC, you have quick access by typing the following: 
ß - alt+0223 
ä - alt+0228 
ö - alt+0246 
ü - alt+0252 

On a Mac, the commands are as follows: 
ß - ⌥ + s 
ä - ⌥ + u, a 
ö - ⌥ + u, o 
ü - ⌥ + u, u 

Note: the umlaut can be assigned to any vowel by first holding '⌥' and pressing the 'u' key. It will then wait for a vowel key to be pressed.

=== Pronunciation / Alphabet ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Alphabet'''
|-
! German !! English Equivalent
|-
| A || Ah
|-
| B || Beh
|-
| C || Seh
|-
| D || Deh
|-
| E || Eh
|-
| F || Eff
|-
| G || Geh
|-
| H || Ha
|-
| I || Ee
|-
| J || Yote
|-
| K || Kah
|-
| L || Ell
|-
| M || Emm
|-
| N || En
|-
| O || Oh
|-
| P || Peh
|-
| Q || Coo
|-
| R || Err
|-
| S || Ess
|-
| T || Teh
|-
| U || Ooh
|-
| V || Fau
|-
| W || Veh
|-
| X || Ihks / Eeks
|-
| Y || Oop'-sil-on (derived from upsilon)
|-
| Z || Tset
|-
| Ä || Ah-oomlaut / Approximately "E" (as in ‘met’)
|-
| Ö || Oh-oomlaut / Approximately "Ur" (as in ‘turn’)
|-
| Ü || Oo-oomlaut / Approximately "Ew" (as in ‘few’)
|-
| ß || Ess-Tset / Scharfes Ess (Can be subistituted with two S's (Straße or Strasse))

|}

=== Vocabulary ===

==== Expressions of Time ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Specific Time'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| die Zeit || time
|-
| die Stunde || hour
|-
| die Minute || minute
|-
| die Sekunde || second
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Generic Times'''
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Tag || day
|-
| der Morgen || morning
|-
| der Mittag || midday/noon
|-
| der Nachmittag|| afternoon
|-
| der Abend || evening
|-
| die Nacht || night
|-
| die Mitternacht || midnight
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Past/Future/Present'''
! German || English
|-
| gestern || yesterday
|-
| heute || today
|-
| morgen || tomorrow
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Greetings|'''Common Greetings''']]====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| Hallo! || Hello!
|-
| guten Morgen || Good Morning
|-
| guten Abend || Good Evening
|-
| gute Nacht || Good Night (Only say if you're going to bed! Use 'Guten Abend' until bedtime. Regardless of the hour.)
|-
| guten Tag || Hello/Good Day
|-
| Tag! || (shorter version of above)
|-
| grüß dich! || Hello (informal/regional)
|-
| Ich heiße... || My name is...
|-
| wie geht's? || How are you?
|-
| was gibt's? || What's up? (Literally: What gives it?) (informal/regional)
|-
| grüß gott! || Hello (Literally: Greet god) (informal/regional, southern germany/austria mainly)
|}

====[[Introduction_to_German/Numbers|'''Numbers''']]====
===== Cardinal Numbers =====
{| class="sort wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number !! German !! English
|-
| 1 || eins || one
|-
| 2 || zwei || two
|-
| 3 || drei || three
|-
| 4 || vier || four
|-
| 5 || fünf || five
|-
| 6 || sechs || six
|-
| 7 || sieben || seven
|-
| 8 || acht || eight
|-
| 9 || neun || nine
|-
| 10 || zehn || ten
|}
*Eleven and twelve are irregular:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| elf || eleven
|-
| zwölf || twelve
|}

*Numbers 13 through 19 are created as follows:
First digit number + 'zehn'
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| dreizehn || thirteen
|-
| vierzehn || fourteen
|-
| fünfzehn || fifteen
|-
| sechzehn || sixteen
|-
| siebzehn || seventeen
|-
| achtzehn || eighteen
|-
| neunzehn || nineteen
|}
Note: The "-s" in "Sechs" and the "-en" in "Sieben" are dropped in the combination.
 
 

===== Double Digits =====
*In German, two digit numbers are created by:
adding the suffix "-zig." (similar to English "-ty").

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| zwanzig|| twenty
|-
| dreißig || thirty
|-
| vierzig || forty
|-
| fünfzig || fifty
|-
| sechzig || sixty
|-
| siebzig || seventy
|-
| achtzig || eighty
|-
| neunzig || ninety
|}
Note: The spellings of zwanzig (20), dreißig (30), sechzig (60), and siebzig (70) are irregular. 

*Two digit numbers that do not end with zero are made as follows:
second digit + und + the number as it would be said if it ended in zero (English Example: 42 / Two and Fourty / twoandfourty / Zwei und vierzig / zweiundvierzig)

Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| einundzwanzig || 21
|-
| siebunddreißig || 37
|-
| sechsundvierzig || 46
|-
| vierundsechzig || 64
|-
| neunundneunzig || 99
|-
|}
*Large numbers are similar to English:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| hundert || 100
|-
| tausend || 1.000
|-
| Million || 1.000.000
|-
| Milliarde || 1.000.000.000
|-
| Trillion || 1.000.000.000.000
|-
|}
Note: Periods (.) are used to divide large numbers into groups of three, as opposed to commas (,).
*Commas are used as decimal points:
1.001 = "one thousand"
1,001 = "one point zero zero one"

===Sports===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! German !! English
|-
| der Amerikanische Fußball || American football
|-
| der Fußball || football/soccer
|-
| der Tischtennis || tabletennis/Pingpong
|-
|}

=== Important verbs ===
Verb tables below
*[[Sein]]
*[[Haben]]
*[[German modal verbs|Modal verbs]]
*[[Regular verbs]]

=== Other Verbs ===
*[[gehen]] to go
*[[machen]] to do
*brauchen- to need
*essen- to eat
*heissen- to be called (as in, "her name is"; "sie heisst Claudia...")
*wissen- to know (knowledge, information)
*kennen- to know (acquaintance)
*spielen- to play
*besuchen- to visit
*laufen- to run
*radfahren- to ride a bike (Separable prefix. Ex. Ich fahre rad. (I ride a bike.))
*lachen = to laugh
*sehen = to see (Stem-changer... for du, er, sie, and es change the first 'e' to 'ie'): Ex. Siehst du mich? (Do you see me?)
*möchten = to would like
*fliegen = to fly
*lieben = to love
*schlafen = to sleep (Stem-changer. Change 'a' to umlauted 'a'.)
*weinen = to cry
*mögen = to like (Stem changer, change umlauted 'o' to 'a' in du, er, sie, and es forms. (Ex. Ich mag Katzen: I like cats.))

===Assignments===

To help you get acquainted with the written language, use this subpage to get in contact with German speaking Wikiversity participants.

==Active participants==
*[[User:Exorcist_bob | Exorcist_bob]]
*[[User:Mjvp13 | MjVP13]]
*[[User:Daniel M. Roberts | Daniel M. Roberts]]
*[[User:HappyCamper|HappyCamper]]
*--[[User:Smithgrrl|Smithgrrl]] 02:38, 5 November 2006 (UTC) Ich spreche Deutsch nicht besonders gut, aber möchte gerne helfen wenn ich kann!
*[[User:Kaiti|Kaiti]] Ich werde wenn ich kann helfen!
*[[User:Enlil Ninlil|Enlil Ninlil]] 04:13, 27 April 2007 (UTC)
[[Category:German]]
[[Category:Introductions]]
[[Category:Multilingual Studies]]