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	<updated>2026-09-30T09:30:40Z</updated>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:List_of_notable_bagpipe_makers&amp;diff=58444</id>
		<title>Archive:List of notable bagpipe makers</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:List_of_notable_bagpipe_makers&amp;diff=58444"/>
		<updated>2009-05-12T18:06:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;74.132.49.112: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;===[[Great Highland Bagpipes]]===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[D. M. Atherton Bagpipes Ltd]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[David Booth Bagpipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Peter Crisler Bagpipes|Peter&#039;s Pipes Inc.]] http://home.insightbb.com/~pwwjcrisler/&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Cushing Bagpipe Co.]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[J. Dunbar Bagpipes Ltd]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tim Gellaitry]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Gibson Bagpipes, Inc]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Gillanders &amp;amp; McLeod Ltd]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Grainger &amp;amp; Campbell]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[R.G. Hardie &amp;amp; Co. Ltd]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Peter Henderson Bagpipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Inveran Bagpipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Colin Kyo Bagpipe Company]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[C.E. Kron &amp;amp; Co]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[RG Lawrie]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[MacDougall Bagpipes Ltd.]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[MacLellan Bagpipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Douglas MacPherson]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[McCallum Bagpipes Ltd]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ian Murray Bagpipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[David Naill &amp;amp; Co]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[RK Bagpipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[RT Shepherd and Son (Scotland) Ltd]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wm. Sinclair &amp;amp; Son]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Wallace Bagpipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Somers Bagpipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Duncan Soutar of St. Andrews]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Chris Terry Bagpipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Uilleann pipes]]===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Dave Williams]] (deceased)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Joe Kennedy]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Geoff Wooff]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[C.J. Dixon]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[B.C. Childress]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Patrick O&#039;Hare]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Seth Gallagher]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Andreas Rogge]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Alain Froment]] (deceased)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Mickey Dunne]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Mark Hillmann]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[David Daye]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kohler &amp;amp; Quinn]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Pat Sky]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Brendan Ring]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nick Whitmer]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Leo Rowsome]] (deceased)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Patsy Brown]] (deceased)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Taylor brothers]] (deceased)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Michael Vignoles]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tim Britton]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Kenneth McNicholl]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Aaron Setunsky]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Northumbrian pipes]]===&lt;br /&gt;
*[[G G Armstrong]] (deceased)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jack Armstrong]] (deceased)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[David Burleigh]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Richard Evans]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[John Leistman]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Mike Nelson]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Robert Reid (pipemaker) | Robert Reid]] (deceased)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Colin Ross (folk musician) | Colin Ross]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[B &amp;amp; J Say]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Dave Shaw]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Scottish Bellowspipes===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Garvie Bagpipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ian Kinnear Scottish Small Pipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Hamish Moore]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[John Walsh]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nate Banton]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Richard and Anita Evans]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Fred Morrison Smallpipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===French and German Pipes===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rémy Dubois]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bernard Blanc]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Frans Hattink]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Andreas Rogge]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Alban Faust]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jean-Sylvain Maître]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Yvon Lecoant]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Serge Durin]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jon Swayne]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bernard Jaquemin]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Juergen Ross]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Lists of people by occupation|Pipe makers]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>74.132.49.112</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=About_engineering_geology&amp;diff=59809</id>
		<title>About engineering geology</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=About_engineering_geology&amp;diff=59809"/>
		<updated>2006-06-11T11:09:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;74.132.65.32: /* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;See also&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Engineering Geology&#039;&#039;&#039; is the application of the science of [[geology]] to the understanding of [[geologic]] phenomena and the engineering solution of [[geologic hazards]] and other geologic problems for society.  Engineering geologic studies may be performed during the planning, [[environmental impact analysis]], [[civil engineering]] [[design]], [[value engineering]] and construction phases of public and private works projects, and during post-construction and [[forensic]] phases of projects. Engineering geologic studies are performed by a [[geologist]] or [[engineering geologist]]  educated, professionally trained and skilled at the recognition and analysis of [[geologic hazards]] and adverse geologic conditions. Their overall objective is the protection of people and property against damage and the solution of geologic problems. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineering geologic studies may be performed &lt;br /&gt;
*for residential, commercial and industrial developments; &lt;br /&gt;
*for governmental and [[military]] installations; &lt;br /&gt;
*for public works such as a [[power plant]], [[wind turbine]], electrical [[transmission line]], [[sewage treatment]] plant, [[water treatment]] plant, [[Pipeline_transport|pipeline]] ([[aqueduct]], [[sewer]], [[outfall]]), [[tunnel]], [[trenchless]] construction, [[canal]], [[dam]], [[reservoir (water)|reservoir]], building, [[railroad]], [[transit]], [[highway]], [[bridge]], [[seismic retrofit]], airport and park; &lt;br /&gt;
*for [[Mining|mine]] and [[quarry]] excavations, [[mine tailing dam]], [[mine reclamation]] and mine [[tunneling]]; &lt;br /&gt;
*for [[wetland]] and [[habitat restoration]] program; &lt;br /&gt;
*for [[coastal]] engineering, [[sand replenishment]], [[bluff]] or [[sea cliff]]  stability, [[harbor]], [[pier]] and waterfront development; &lt;br /&gt;
*for offshore [[outfall]], [[drilling platform]] and [[sub-sea pipeline]], sub-sea cable; and&lt;br /&gt;
*for other types of facilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is important to keep in mind that in [[engineering geology]], there are only two important types of [[Rock (geology)|rock]]: those which can be moved by a [[bulldozer]], and those which require [[dynamite]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Geologic Hazards==&lt;br /&gt;
Typical [[geologic hazards]] evaluated by an [[engineering geologist]] include &lt;br /&gt;
*[[fault rupture]] on seismically active [[faults]] ;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[seismic]] and [[earthquake]] hazards (ground shaking, [[liquefaction]], [[lurching]],[[lateral spreading]], [[tsunami]] and [[seiche]] events);&lt;br /&gt;
*[[landslide]], [[mudflow]], [[rock fall]] and [[avalanche]] hazards ;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[unstable slopes]] and [[slope stability]];&lt;br /&gt;
*[[erosion]];&lt;br /&gt;
*[[slaking]] and [[heave]] of geologic formations; &lt;br /&gt;
*ground [[subsidence]] (such as due to [[ground water]] withdrawal, [[sinkhole]] collapse, [[cave]] collapse, decomposition of organic soils, and [[tectonic]] movement); &lt;br /&gt;
*[[volcanic]] hazards ([[volcanic eruption]]s, [[hot springs]], [[pyroclastic flows]], [[debris flows]], [[gas emissions]], volcanic [[earthquakes]]); &lt;br /&gt;
*collapsible soils;&lt;br /&gt;
*shallow ground water/seepage; and&lt;br /&gt;
*other types of geologic constraints. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An engineering geologist or [[geophysicist]] may be called upon to evaluate the [[excavatability]] (i.e. [[rippability]]) of earth (rock) materials to assess the need for pre-[[blasting]] during earthwork construction, as well as associated impacts due to [[vibration]] during blasting on projects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&#039;&#039;&#039;Methods and Reporting&#039;&#039;&#039;==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The methods used by [[engineering geologist]]s in their studies include &lt;br /&gt;
*geologic field [[mapping]] of geologic structures, geologic formations, soil units and hazards; &lt;br /&gt;
*the review of geologic literature, geologic maps, geotechnical reports, engineering plans, environmental reports, stereoscopic [[aerial photograph]]s, remote sensing data, [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) data, topographic maps and [[satellite]] imagery; &lt;br /&gt;
*the excavation, sampling and logging of earth/rock materials in drilled borings, backhoe test pits and trenches, fault trenching, and bulldozer pits; &lt;br /&gt;
*[[geophysical]] surveys (such as [[seismic refraction]] traverses, [[resistivity]] surveys, [[ground penetrating radar]] (GPR) surveys, [[magnetometer]] surveys, [[electromagnetic]] surveys, high-resolution sub-bottom profiling, and other geophysical methods); and &lt;br /&gt;
*other methods. &lt;br /&gt;
The field work is typically culminated in analysis of the data and the preparation of an engineering geologic report, fault hazard  or seismic hazard report, geophysical report, [[ground water]] resource report or [[hydrogeology|hydrogeologic]] report. The engineering geologic report is often prepared in conjunction with a [[geotechnical engineering]] report by a geotechnical engineer. The report describes the objectives, methodology, references cited, tests performed, findings and recommendations. Engineering geologists provide geologic data on  topograpic maps, aerial photographs, geologic maps, [[Geographic_information_system|Geographic Information System]] (GIS) maps, or other map bases.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&#039;&#039;&#039;See also&#039;&#039;&#039;==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of publications in geology#Engineering geology| Important publications in engineering geology]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geotechnicaldirectory.com Geotechnical Engineering Directory]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Geology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Engineering]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[pt:Geologia de engenharia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:Geologia Applicata]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[pl:Geologia inżynierska]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>74.132.65.32</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Engineering_geology&amp;diff=59692</id>
		<title>Engineering geology</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Engineering_geology&amp;diff=59692"/>
		<updated>2006-06-11T11:09:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;74.132.65.32: /* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;See also&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Engineering Geology&#039;&#039;&#039; is the application of the science of [[geology]] to the understanding of [[geologic]] phenomena and the engineering solution of [[geologic hazards]] and other geologic problems for society.  Engineering geologic studies may be performed during the planning, [[environmental impact analysis]], [[civil engineering]] [[design]], [[value engineering]] and construction phases of public and private works projects, and during post-construction and [[forensic]] phases of projects. Engineering geologic studies are performed by a [[geologist]] or [[engineering geologist]]  educated, professionally trained and skilled at the recognition and analysis of [[geologic hazards]] and adverse geologic conditions. Their overall objective is the protection of people and property against damage and the solution of geologic problems. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineering geologic studies may be performed &lt;br /&gt;
*for residential, commercial and industrial developments; &lt;br /&gt;
*for governmental and [[military]] installations; &lt;br /&gt;
*for public works such as a [[power plant]], [[wind turbine]], electrical [[transmission line]], [[sewage treatment]] plant, [[water treatment]] plant, [[Pipeline_transport|pipeline]] ([[aqueduct]], [[sewer]], [[outfall]]), [[tunnel]], [[trenchless]] construction, [[canal]], [[dam]], [[reservoir (water)|reservoir]], building, [[railroad]], [[transit]], [[highway]], [[bridge]], [[seismic retrofit]], airport and park; &lt;br /&gt;
*for [[Mining|mine]] and [[quarry]] excavations, [[mine tailing dam]], [[mine reclamation]] and mine [[tunneling]]; &lt;br /&gt;
*for [[wetland]] and [[habitat restoration]] program; &lt;br /&gt;
*for [[coastal]] engineering, [[sand replenishment]], [[bluff]] or [[sea cliff]]  stability, [[harbor]], [[pier]] and waterfront development; &lt;br /&gt;
*for offshore [[outfall]], [[drilling platform]] and [[sub-sea pipeline]], sub-sea cable; and&lt;br /&gt;
*for other types of facilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is important to keep in mind that in [[engineering geology]], there are only two important types of [[Rock (geology)|rock]]: those which can be moved by a [[bulldozer]], and those which require [[dynamite]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Geologic Hazards==&lt;br /&gt;
Typical [[geologic hazards]] evaluated by an [[engineering geologist]] include &lt;br /&gt;
*[[fault rupture]] on seismically active [[faults]] ;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[seismic]] and [[earthquake]] hazards (ground shaking, [[liquefaction]], [[lurching]],[[lateral spreading]], [[tsunami]] and [[seiche]] events);&lt;br /&gt;
*[[landslide]], [[mudflow]], [[rock fall]] and [[avalanche]] hazards ;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[unstable slopes]] and [[slope stability]];&lt;br /&gt;
*[[erosion]];&lt;br /&gt;
*[[slaking]] and [[heave]] of geologic formations; &lt;br /&gt;
*ground [[subsidence]] (such as due to [[ground water]] withdrawal, [[sinkhole]] collapse, [[cave]] collapse, decomposition of organic soils, and [[tectonic]] movement); &lt;br /&gt;
*[[volcanic]] hazards ([[volcanic eruption]]s, [[hot springs]], [[pyroclastic flows]], [[debris flows]], [[gas emissions]], volcanic [[earthquakes]]); &lt;br /&gt;
*collapsible soils;&lt;br /&gt;
*shallow ground water/seepage; and&lt;br /&gt;
*other types of geologic constraints. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An engineering geologist or [[geophysicist]] may be called upon to evaluate the [[excavatability]] (i.e. [[rippability]]) of earth (rock) materials to assess the need for pre-[[blasting]] during earthwork construction, as well as associated impacts due to [[vibration]] during blasting on projects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&#039;&#039;&#039;Methods and Reporting&#039;&#039;&#039;==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The methods used by [[engineering geologist]]s in their studies include &lt;br /&gt;
*geologic field [[mapping]] of geologic structures, geologic formations, soil units and hazards; &lt;br /&gt;
*the review of geologic literature, geologic maps, geotechnical reports, engineering plans, environmental reports, stereoscopic [[aerial photograph]]s, remote sensing data, [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) data, topographic maps and [[satellite]] imagery; &lt;br /&gt;
*the excavation, sampling and logging of earth/rock materials in drilled borings, backhoe test pits and trenches, fault trenching, and bulldozer pits; &lt;br /&gt;
*[[geophysical]] surveys (such as [[seismic refraction]] traverses, [[resistivity]] surveys, [[ground penetrating radar]] (GPR) surveys, [[magnetometer]] surveys, [[electromagnetic]] surveys, high-resolution sub-bottom profiling, and other geophysical methods); and &lt;br /&gt;
*other methods. &lt;br /&gt;
The field work is typically culminated in analysis of the data and the preparation of an engineering geologic report, fault hazard  or seismic hazard report, geophysical report, [[ground water]] resource report or [[hydrogeology|hydrogeologic]] report. The engineering geologic report is often prepared in conjunction with a [[geotechnical engineering]] report by a geotechnical engineer. The report describes the objectives, methodology, references cited, tests performed, findings and recommendations. Engineering geologists provide geologic data on  topograpic maps, aerial photographs, geologic maps, [[Geographic_information_system|Geographic Information System]] (GIS) maps, or other map bases.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&#039;&#039;&#039;See also&#039;&#039;&#039;==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of publications in geology#Engineering geology| Important publications in engineering geology]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.geotechnicaldirectory.com Geotechnical Engineering Directory]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Geology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Engineering]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[pt:Geologia de engenharia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:Geologia Applicata]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[pl:Geologia inżynierska]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>74.132.65.32</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=About_engineering_geology&amp;diff=59808</id>
		<title>About engineering geology</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=About_engineering_geology&amp;diff=59808"/>
		<updated>2006-06-11T11:08:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;74.132.65.32: /* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;See also&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Engineering Geology&#039;&#039;&#039; is the application of the science of [[geology]] to the understanding of [[geologic]] phenomena and the engineering solution of [[geologic hazards]] and other geologic problems for society.  Engineering geologic studies may be performed during the planning, [[environmental impact analysis]], [[civil engineering]] [[design]], [[value engineering]] and construction phases of public and private works projects, and during post-construction and [[forensic]] phases of projects. Engineering geologic studies are performed by a [[geologist]] or [[engineering geologist]]  educated, professionally trained and skilled at the recognition and analysis of [[geologic hazards]] and adverse geologic conditions. Their overall objective is the protection of people and property against damage and the solution of geologic problems. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineering geologic studies may be performed &lt;br /&gt;
*for residential, commercial and industrial developments; &lt;br /&gt;
*for governmental and [[military]] installations; &lt;br /&gt;
*for public works such as a [[power plant]], [[wind turbine]], electrical [[transmission line]], [[sewage treatment]] plant, [[water treatment]] plant, [[Pipeline_transport|pipeline]] ([[aqueduct]], [[sewer]], [[outfall]]), [[tunnel]], [[trenchless]] construction, [[canal]], [[dam]], [[reservoir (water)|reservoir]], building, [[railroad]], [[transit]], [[highway]], [[bridge]], [[seismic retrofit]], airport and park; &lt;br /&gt;
*for [[Mining|mine]] and [[quarry]] excavations, [[mine tailing dam]], [[mine reclamation]] and mine [[tunneling]]; &lt;br /&gt;
*for [[wetland]] and [[habitat restoration]] program; &lt;br /&gt;
*for [[coastal]] engineering, [[sand replenishment]], [[bluff]] or [[sea cliff]]  stability, [[harbor]], [[pier]] and waterfront development; &lt;br /&gt;
*for offshore [[outfall]], [[drilling platform]] and [[sub-sea pipeline]], sub-sea cable; and&lt;br /&gt;
*for other types of facilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is important to keep in mind that in [[engineering geology]], there are only two important types of [[Rock (geology)|rock]]: those which can be moved by a [[bulldozer]], and those which require [[dynamite]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Geologic Hazards==&lt;br /&gt;
Typical [[geologic hazards]] evaluated by an [[engineering geologist]] include &lt;br /&gt;
*[[fault rupture]] on seismically active [[faults]] ;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[seismic]] and [[earthquake]] hazards (ground shaking, [[liquefaction]], [[lurching]],[[lateral spreading]], [[tsunami]] and [[seiche]] events);&lt;br /&gt;
*[[landslide]], [[mudflow]], [[rock fall]] and [[avalanche]] hazards ;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[unstable slopes]] and [[slope stability]];&lt;br /&gt;
*[[erosion]];&lt;br /&gt;
*[[slaking]] and [[heave]] of geologic formations; &lt;br /&gt;
*ground [[subsidence]] (such as due to [[ground water]] withdrawal, [[sinkhole]] collapse, [[cave]] collapse, decomposition of organic soils, and [[tectonic]] movement); &lt;br /&gt;
*[[volcanic]] hazards ([[volcanic eruption]]s, [[hot springs]], [[pyroclastic flows]], [[debris flows]], [[gas emissions]], volcanic [[earthquakes]]); &lt;br /&gt;
*collapsible soils;&lt;br /&gt;
*shallow ground water/seepage; and&lt;br /&gt;
*other types of geologic constraints. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An engineering geologist or [[geophysicist]] may be called upon to evaluate the [[excavatability]] (i.e. [[rippability]]) of earth (rock) materials to assess the need for pre-[[blasting]] during earthwork construction, as well as associated impacts due to [[vibration]] during blasting on projects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&#039;&#039;&#039;Methods and Reporting&#039;&#039;&#039;==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The methods used by [[engineering geologist]]s in their studies include &lt;br /&gt;
*geologic field [[mapping]] of geologic structures, geologic formations, soil units and hazards; &lt;br /&gt;
*the review of geologic literature, geologic maps, geotechnical reports, engineering plans, environmental reports, stereoscopic [[aerial photograph]]s, remote sensing data, [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) data, topographic maps and [[satellite]] imagery; &lt;br /&gt;
*the excavation, sampling and logging of earth/rock materials in drilled borings, backhoe test pits and trenches, fault trenching, and bulldozer pits; &lt;br /&gt;
*[[geophysical]] surveys (such as [[seismic refraction]] traverses, [[resistivity]] surveys, [[ground penetrating radar]] (GPR) surveys, [[magnetometer]] surveys, [[electromagnetic]] surveys, high-resolution sub-bottom profiling, and other geophysical methods); and &lt;br /&gt;
*other methods. &lt;br /&gt;
The field work is typically culminated in analysis of the data and the preparation of an engineering geologic report, fault hazard  or seismic hazard report, geophysical report, [[ground water]] resource report or [[hydrogeology|hydrogeologic]] report. The engineering geologic report is often prepared in conjunction with a [[geotechnical engineering]] report by a geotechnical engineer. The report describes the objectives, methodology, references cited, tests performed, findings and recommendations. Engineering geologists provide geologic data on  topograpic maps, aerial photographs, geologic maps, [[Geographic_information_system|Geographic Information System]] (GIS) maps, or other map bases.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==&#039;&#039;&#039;See also&#039;&#039;&#039;==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of publications in geology#Engineering geology| Important publications in engineering geology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.geotechnicaldirectory.com Geotechnical Engineering Directory]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Geology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Engineering]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[pt:Geologia de engenharia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:Geologia Applicata]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[pl:Geologia inżynierska]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>74.132.65.32</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Engineering_geology&amp;diff=59691</id>
		<title>Engineering geology</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Engineering_geology&amp;diff=59691"/>
		<updated>2006-06-11T11:08:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;74.132.65.32: /* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;See also&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Engineering Geology&#039;&#039;&#039; is the application of the science of [[geology]] to the understanding of [[geologic]] phenomena and the engineering solution of [[geologic hazards]] and other geologic problems for society.  Engineering geologic studies may be performed during the planning, [[environmental impact analysis]], [[civil engineering]] [[design]], [[value engineering]] and construction phases of public and private works projects, and during post-construction and [[forensic]] phases of projects. Engineering geologic studies are performed by a [[geologist]] or [[engineering geologist]]  educated, professionally trained and skilled at the recognition and analysis of [[geologic hazards]] and adverse geologic conditions. Their overall objective is the protection of people and property against damage and the solution of geologic problems. &lt;br /&gt;
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Engineering geologic studies may be performed &lt;br /&gt;
*for residential, commercial and industrial developments; &lt;br /&gt;
*for governmental and [[military]] installations; &lt;br /&gt;
*for public works such as a [[power plant]], [[wind turbine]], electrical [[transmission line]], [[sewage treatment]] plant, [[water treatment]] plant, [[Pipeline_transport|pipeline]] ([[aqueduct]], [[sewer]], [[outfall]]), [[tunnel]], [[trenchless]] construction, [[canal]], [[dam]], [[reservoir (water)|reservoir]], building, [[railroad]], [[transit]], [[highway]], [[bridge]], [[seismic retrofit]], airport and park; &lt;br /&gt;
*for [[Mining|mine]] and [[quarry]] excavations, [[mine tailing dam]], [[mine reclamation]] and mine [[tunneling]]; &lt;br /&gt;
*for [[wetland]] and [[habitat restoration]] program; &lt;br /&gt;
*for [[coastal]] engineering, [[sand replenishment]], [[bluff]] or [[sea cliff]]  stability, [[harbor]], [[pier]] and waterfront development; &lt;br /&gt;
*for offshore [[outfall]], [[drilling platform]] and [[sub-sea pipeline]], sub-sea cable; and&lt;br /&gt;
*for other types of facilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is important to keep in mind that in [[engineering geology]], there are only two important types of [[Rock (geology)|rock]]: those which can be moved by a [[bulldozer]], and those which require [[dynamite]].&lt;br /&gt;
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==Geologic Hazards==&lt;br /&gt;
Typical [[geologic hazards]] evaluated by an [[engineering geologist]] include &lt;br /&gt;
*[[fault rupture]] on seismically active [[faults]] ;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[seismic]] and [[earthquake]] hazards (ground shaking, [[liquefaction]], [[lurching]],[[lateral spreading]], [[tsunami]] and [[seiche]] events);&lt;br /&gt;
*[[landslide]], [[mudflow]], [[rock fall]] and [[avalanche]] hazards ;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[unstable slopes]] and [[slope stability]];&lt;br /&gt;
*[[erosion]];&lt;br /&gt;
*[[slaking]] and [[heave]] of geologic formations; &lt;br /&gt;
*ground [[subsidence]] (such as due to [[ground water]] withdrawal, [[sinkhole]] collapse, [[cave]] collapse, decomposition of organic soils, and [[tectonic]] movement); &lt;br /&gt;
*[[volcanic]] hazards ([[volcanic eruption]]s, [[hot springs]], [[pyroclastic flows]], [[debris flows]], [[gas emissions]], volcanic [[earthquakes]]); &lt;br /&gt;
*collapsible soils;&lt;br /&gt;
*shallow ground water/seepage; and&lt;br /&gt;
*other types of geologic constraints. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An engineering geologist or [[geophysicist]] may be called upon to evaluate the [[excavatability]] (i.e. [[rippability]]) of earth (rock) materials to assess the need for pre-[[blasting]] during earthwork construction, as well as associated impacts due to [[vibration]] during blasting on projects.&lt;br /&gt;
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==&#039;&#039;&#039;Methods and Reporting&#039;&#039;&#039;==&lt;br /&gt;
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The methods used by [[engineering geologist]]s in their studies include &lt;br /&gt;
*geologic field [[mapping]] of geologic structures, geologic formations, soil units and hazards; &lt;br /&gt;
*the review of geologic literature, geologic maps, geotechnical reports, engineering plans, environmental reports, stereoscopic [[aerial photograph]]s, remote sensing data, [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) data, topographic maps and [[satellite]] imagery; &lt;br /&gt;
*the excavation, sampling and logging of earth/rock materials in drilled borings, backhoe test pits and trenches, fault trenching, and bulldozer pits; &lt;br /&gt;
*[[geophysical]] surveys (such as [[seismic refraction]] traverses, [[resistivity]] surveys, [[ground penetrating radar]] (GPR) surveys, [[magnetometer]] surveys, [[electromagnetic]] surveys, high-resolution sub-bottom profiling, and other geophysical methods); and &lt;br /&gt;
*other methods. &lt;br /&gt;
The field work is typically culminated in analysis of the data and the preparation of an engineering geologic report, fault hazard  or seismic hazard report, geophysical report, [[ground water]] resource report or [[hydrogeology|hydrogeologic]] report. The engineering geologic report is often prepared in conjunction with a [[geotechnical engineering]] report by a geotechnical engineer. The report describes the objectives, methodology, references cited, tests performed, findings and recommendations. Engineering geologists provide geologic data on  topograpic maps, aerial photographs, geologic maps, [[Geographic_information_system|Geographic Information System]] (GIS) maps, or other map bases.&lt;br /&gt;
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==&#039;&#039;&#039;See also&#039;&#039;&#039;==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[List of publications in geology#Engineering geology| Important publications in engineering geology]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[http://www.geotechnicaldirectory.com Geotechnical Engineering Directory]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:Geology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Engineering]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[pt:Geologia de engenharia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[it:Geologia Applicata]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[pl:Geologia inżynierska]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>74.132.65.32</name></author>
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