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Archive:Spanish/Television

2009-02-04T05:04:41Z

75.36.135.53:

==Chapter 18 (Television)==
===Television programs===
*'''canal''' - channel
*'''programa de concursos''' - game show
*'''programa de dibujos animados''' - cartoon show
*'''programa de entrevistas''' - interview program
*'''programa de la vida real''' - reality program
*'''programa de noticias''' - news program
*'''programa educativo''' - eduactional program
*'''programa musical''' - musical program
*'''telenovela''' - soap opera

'''Note''': ''Programa'' is a masculine noun.

===Types of movies===
*'''comedia''' - comedy
*'''drama''' - drama
*'''película de ciencia ficción''' - science fiction movie
*'''película de horror''' - horror movie
*'''película policíaca''' - crime movie
*'''películar romántica''' - romantic movie

===Entertainment adjectives===
*'''cómico(a)''' - funny
*'''emocionante''' - touching
*'''facinante''' - fascinating
*'''infantil''' - childish
*'''realista''' - realistic
*'''tonto(a)''' - silly, stupid
*'''violento(a)''' - violent

===Boring or interesting===
*'''me aburre(n)''' - it bores me (they bore me)
*'''me interesa(n)''' - it interests me (they interest me)

===Entertainment terms===
*'''actor''' - actor
*'''actriz''' - actress
*'''dar''' - to show
*'''durar''' - to last
*'''empezar''' - to begin
*'''terminar''' - to end

===Being specific===
*'''más/menos de''' - more/less than
*'''medio(a)''' - half
*'''¿Qué clase de...?''' - What kind of...?

===Verbs===
*'''acabar de...''' - to have just...
*'''aburrir''' - to bore
*'''doler''' - to hurt, to ache
*'''encantar''' - to love
*'''faltar''' - to be missing
*'''interesar''' - to interest
*'''quedar''' - to fit

'''Note''': Use ''acabar de...'' in its conjugated forms when referring to an object that has just finished doing something. ''Doler'' is a stem-changing verb, the ''o'' changes to ''ue'' when conjugated.

===Other words===
*'''antes de''' - before
*'''casi''' - almost
*'''¿De veras?''' - Really?
*'''especialmente''' - especially
*'''por eso''' - therefore
*'''sobre''' - about
*'''ya''' - already

===Seguir (to follow)===
''Seguir'', like ''hacer'' has an irregular ''yo'' conjugation..

*'''sigo''' - I follow
*'''sigues''' - you follow (singular)
*'''sigue''' - he/she follows
*'''seguimos''' - we follow
*'''seguís''' - you follw (plural)
*'''siguen''' - they follow

'''Note''': The usual, usted and ustedes warning, they both conjugate in the 3rd person form.

===Cultural Insight (Television and movies)===
In Spanish-speaking countries, going to the movies, like in many countries, is a favorite pastime. Mexico, United States, Venezuela, Chile, Argentina, and Spain produce many Spanish language movies annually. ''Telenovelas'', or soap operas are also popular in Spanish-speaking countries, unlike American soap operas that last for years, Spanish language soap operas only last for a few weeks.

===Country Focus (Chile)===
[[Image:Flag of Chile.svg|150px|right]]
[[Image:LocationChile.png|150px|right]]
'''Chile''' (Spanish: Chile) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage at the country's southernmost tip. It is one of only two countries in South America that does not have a border with Brazil. The Pacific forms the country's entire western border, with a coastline that stretches over 6,435 kilometres. Chilean territory extends to the Pacific Ocean which includes the overseas territories of Juan Fernández Islands, the Sala y Gómez islands, the Desventuradas Islands and Easter Island located in Polynesia. Chile claims 1,250,000 km² (482,628 sq mi) of territory in Antarctica.

Chile's unusual, ribbon-like shape —4,300 km long and on average 175 km wide— has given it a hugely varied climate, ranging from the world's driest desert - the Atacama - in the north, through a Mediterranean climate in the centre, to a snow-prone Alpine climate in the south, with glaciers, fjords and lakes. The northern Chilean desert contains great mineral wealth, principally copper. The relatively small central area dominates the country in terms of population and agricultural resources. This area also is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century, when it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands. The Andes Mountains are located on the eastern border.

[[Image:Santiago en invierno.jpg|150px|left|thumb|Santiago skyline, overshadowed by the Andes.]]

Prior to the coming of the Spanish in the 16th century, northern Chile was under Inca rule while the indigenous Araucanians (also known as Mapuches) inhabited central and southern Chile. Although Chile declared its independence in 1810, decisive victory over the Spanish was not achieved until 1818. In the War of the Pacific (1879-83), Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia and won its present northern regions. It was not until the 1880s that the Araucanian Indians were completely subjugated. The country, which had been relatively free of the coups and arbitrary governments that blighted the South American continent, endured a 17 year military dictatorship (1973-1990), one of the bloodiest in 20th-century Latin America that left more than 3,000 people dead and missing.

Currently, Chile is one of South America's most stable and prosperous nations. Within the greater Latin American context it leads in terms of competitiveness, quality of life, political stability, globalization, economic freedom, low perception of corruption and comparatively low poverty rates. It also ranks high regionally in freedom of the press, human development and democratic development. Its status as the region's richest country in terms of gross domestic product per capita (at market prices and purchasing power parity) is countered by its high level of income inequality, as measured by the Gini index.

[[Image:Torres1.jpg|thumb|150px|Torres del Paine in the Andes, towers 2,460 m or 8,100 ft above sae level.]]

Northern Chile was an important center of culture in the medieval and early modern Inca empire, while the central and southern regions were areas of Mapuche cultural activities. Through the colonial period following the conquest, and during the early Republican period, the country's culture was dominated by the Spanish. Other European influences, primarily English, French, and German began in the 19th century and have continued to this day.

'''Factbox''':

-Official Language: Spanish

-Other Languages: Mapudungun, European languages, Native American languages

-Capital: Santiago

-Government: Democracy

-Area: 756,102 sq km (292,183 sq mi) (33rd)

-Population: 16,763,470 (60th)

-Religion: Christianity (Catholic 70%, Protestant 15.1%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1%, Mormon 0.9%) 87%, Non-religious 8.3%, Traditional beliefs 0.88%, Judaism 0.22%, other (Bahá'i, Buddhism, Islam) 3.6%

[[Image:Looking out over Lago Conguillio.jpg|150px|left|thumb|The Andes Mountains terminate in southern Chile after winding south from Venezuela.]]

-Human Development: 0.867 (40th, HIGH)

-Independence: September 18, 1810

-Currency: Chilean Peso

{{sp1}}

Archive:Spanish/Shopping

2009-02-03T05:08:19Z

75.36.135.53:

==Chapter 14 (Shopping)==
===Getting ready===
*'''buscar''' - to look for
*'''comprar''' - to buy
*'''dependiente, dependienta''' - salesperson
*'''¿En qué puedo sirvirle?''' - How can I help you?
*'''entrar''' - to enter
*'''tienda''' - store
*'''tienda de ropa''' - clothing store

===Clothing===
*'''abrigo''' - coat
*'''blusa''' - blouse
*'''botas''' - boots
*'''calcentines''' - socks
*'''camisa''' - shirt
*'''camiseta''' - T-shirt
*'''chaqueta''' - jacket
*'''falda''' - skirt
*'''gorra''' - cap
*'''jeans''' - jeans
*'''pantalones''' - pants
*'''pantalones cortos''' - shorts
*'''sudadera''' - sweatshirt
*'''suéter''' - sweater
*'''traje''' - suit
*'''traje de baño''' - swimsuit
*'''vestido''' - dress
*'''zapatos''' - shoes

===Questions===
*'''¿Cómo me queda(n)?''' - How does it (they) fit me?
*'''¿Cómo te queda(n)?''' - How does it (they) fit you?
*'''Me queda(n) bien/mal.''' - It (they) fits me well/poorly.
*'''Te queda(n) bien/mal.''' - It (they) fits you well/poorly.

===Useful words===
*'''llevar''' - to wear
*'''nuevo(a)''' - new
*'''quizás''' - maybe
*'''Pérdon.''' - Excuse me.
*'''¡Vamos!''' - Let's go!

===To talk about the price===
*'''¿Cúanto cuesta...?''' - How much does...cost?
*'''¿Cúanto cuestan...?''' - How much do...cost?
*'''costar''' - to cost
*'''precio''' - price
*'''tanto''' - so much

'''Note''': ''Costar'' conjugates with a stem change, like ''jugar'', so the ''o'' becomes ''ue'' when conjugated.

===Numbers: 200 to 1,000===
*'''doscientos(as)''' - two hundred
*'''trescientos(as)''' - three hundred
*'''cuatrocientos(as)''' - four hundred
*'''quinientos(as)''' - five hundred
*'''seiscientos(as)''' - six hundred
*'''setecientos(as)''' - seven hundred
*'''ochocientos(as)''' - eight hundred
*'''novecientos(as)''' - nine hundred
*'''mil''' - a thousand

===To be correct===
*'''tener razón''' - to be correct

===To be specific===
*'''los/las dos''' - both
*'''este, esta''' - this
*'''estos, estas''' - these
*'''ese, esa''' - that
*'''esos, esas''' - those

'''Note''': This and those are used to describe something specific, while that and those refer to something far away.

===Pensar (to think)===
''Pensar'' is another stem-changing verb like ''jugar''. In ''pensar'', the ''e'' changes to ''ie'' except in the ''nosotros(as)'' and ''vosotros(as)'' forms as always. Below is the conjugation for ''pensar'':

*'''pienso''' - I think
*'''piensas''' - you think (singular)
*'''piensa''' - he/she thinks
*'''pensamos''' - we think
*'''pensáis''' - you think (plural)
*'''piensan''' - they think

'''Note''': You should remember by now that usted & ustedes conjugate in the 3rd person form.

===Preferir (to prefer)===
''Preferir'' is also another stem-changing verb like ''jugar'' and ''pensar''. In ''preferir'', the second ''e'' changes to ''ie'', except in the ''nosotros(as)'' and ''vosotros(as)'' forms of course. Below is the conjugation for ''preferir'':

*'''prefiero''' - I prefer
*'''prefieres''' - you prefer (singular)
*'''prefiere''' - he/she prefers
*'''preferimos''' - we prefer
*'''preferís''' - you prefer (plural)
*'''prefieren''' - they prefer

'''Note''': Remember? Usted & ustedes conjugate in the 3rd person form.

===Querer (to want)===
''Querer'' is yet another stem-changing verb like ''pensar''. In ''querer'', the first ''e'' changes to ''ie'', except in the ''nosotros(as)'' and ''vosotros(as)'' forms of course. Below is the conjugation for ''querer'':

*'''quiero''' - I want
*'''quieres''' - you want (singular)
*'''quiere''' - he/she wants
*'''queremos''' - we want
*'''queréis''' - you want (plural)
*'''quieren''' - they want

'''Note''': It may be getting annoying, but you need to get this rule crammed into your brain: usted & ustedes conjugate in the 3rd person form.

===Vocabulario adicional===
*'''bata''' - bathrobe
*'''chaleco''' - vest
*'''pantimedias''' - pantyhose
*'''paraguas''' - umbrella
*'''pijama''' - pajamas
*'''ropa interior''' - underwear
*'''saco''' - loose-fitting jacket
*'''tenis''' - tennis shoes
*'''zapatillas''' - slippers
*'''zapatos atléticos''' - athletic shoes
*'''zapatos de tacón alto''' - high-heeled shoes

===Cultural Insight (Shopping at the mall)===
In Spanish-speaking countries, people tend to go to the mall to buy a specific thing instead of looking for new merchandise and enjoying the atmosphere. However, shoppers in Spanish-speaking countries also hang out with friends and family at the mall.

===Country Focus (Ecuador)===
[[Image:Flag of Ecuador.svg|150px|right]]
[[Image:LocationEcuador.png|noframe|150px|right]]
'''Ecuador''' (Spanish: Ecuador) is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, by Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America (with Chile) that does not have a border with Brazil. The country also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 965 kilometers (600 miles) west of the mainland. Ecuador straddles the equator, from which it takes its name, and has an area of 256,371 square kilometers (98,985 mi²). Its capital city is Quito; its largest city is Guayaquil.

[[Image:Quito Cayambe1.jpg|150px|left|thumb|Quito is the capital of Ecuador, home to 1,397,698 people and shadowed by the Cayambe volcano.]]

Ecuador's mainstream culture is defined by its mestizo majority and, like their ancestry, is a mixture of European and Amerindian influences infused with African elements inherited from enslaved ancestors. Ecuador's indigenous communities are integrated into that mainstream culture to varying degrees, but some may also practice their own autochthonous cultures, particularly the more remote indigenous communities of the Amazon basin.

'''Factbox''':

-Official Languages: Spanish

-Other Languages: Quechua, Native American languages

-Capital: Quito

-Government: Democracy

-Area: 283,561 sq km (98,985 sq mi) (73rd)

-Population: 13,341,000 (69th)

[[Image:Chimborazo seen from highway.jpg|150px|thumb|The volcano Chimborazo, one of the many volcanoes in Ecuador.]]

-Religion: Christianity (Catholic 69%, other Christian 26%) 95%, Buddhism 0.2%, other (Traditional beliefs, Judaism, Islam, Bahá'i) 4.8%

-Human Development: 0.772 (89th, MEDIUM)

-Independence: May 24, 1822

-Currency: U.S. Dollar

{{sp1}}

Archive:Spanish/The bedroom

2009-02-03T05:05:57Z

75.36.135.53:

==Chapter 12 (The Bedroom)==
===Bedroom objects===
*'''alfombra''' - rug
*'''armario''' - closet
*'''cama''' - bed
*'''cómoda''' - dresser
*'''cortinas''' - curtains
*'''cuadro''' - painting
*'''despertador''' - alarm clock
*'''dormitorio''' - bedroom
*'''espejo''' - mirror
*'''estante''' - shelf
*'''lámpara''' - lamp
*'''mesita''' - nighttable
*'''pared''' - wall

===Electronics===
*'''disco compacto''' - compact disc
*'''equipo de sonido''' - sound (stereo) system
*'''lector DVD''' - DVD player
*'''televisor''' - television
*'''video''' - videocassette
*'''videocasetera''' - VCR

===Colors===
*'''¿De qué color...?''' - What color...?
*'''colores''' - colors
*'''amarillo(a)''' - yellow
*'''anaranjado(a)''' - orange
*'''azul''' - blue
*'''blanco(a)''' - white
*'''gris''' - gray
*'''marrón''' - brown
*'''morado(a)''' - purple
*'''negro(a)''' - black
*'''rojo(a)''' - red
*'''rosado(a)''' - pink
*'''verde''' - green

===Adjectives===
*'''bonito(a)''' - beautiful
*'''feo(a)''' - ugly
*'''grande''' - large
*'''importante''' - important
*'''mismo(a)''' - same
*'''pequeño(a)''' - small
*'''propio(a)''' - own

===Location===
*'''a la derecha''' - to the right
*'''a la izquierda''' - to the left

===Comparisions===
*'''mejor que''' - better than
*'''el/la mejor''' - the best (singular)
*'''los/las mejores''' - the best (plural)
*'''menos...que''' - less, fewer...than
*'''peor que''' - worse than
*'''el/la peor''' - the worse (singular)
*'''los/las peores''' - the worse (plural)

===Other words===
*'''cosa''' - thing
*'''para mí''' - in my opinion, for me
*'''para tí''' - in your opinion, for you
*'''posesión''' - pocession

===Dormir (to sleep)===
''Dormir'' is another one of the handful of irregular Spanish verbs, however, unlike ''tener'' and ''venir'', its ''yo'' form is not irregular. Also, like other irregular verbs, with the exception of ''ir'', the ''nosotros(as)'' and ''vosotros(as)'' form conjugate under normal rules. In ''dormir'', ''o'' turns into ''ue''.

*'''duermo''' - I sleep
*'''duermes''' - you sleep (singular)
*'''duerme''' - he/she sleeps
*'''dormimos''' - we sleep
*'''dormís''' - you sleep (plural)
*'''duermen''' - they sleep

'''Note''': Always remember that usted (Ud.) and ustedes (Uds.) conjugate into the 3rd person form.

===Poder (to be able)===
''Poder'' is yet another one of the handful of irregular Spanish verbs, it shares the same rule as ''dormir'' with the ''o'' changing to ''ue'' except in the ''nosotros(as)'' and ''vosotros(as)'' forms.

*'''puedo''' - I can
*'''puedes''' - you can (singular)
*'''puede''' - he/she can
*'''podemos''' - we can
*'''podéis''' - you can (plural)
*'''pueden''' - they can

'''Note''': Remember the usted (Ud.) and usteded (Uds.) rule yet?

===Vocabulario adicional===
*'''azul claro''' - light blue
*'''azul marino''' - navy blue
*'''azul oscuro''' - dark blue
*'''blues''' - blues
*'''música clásica''' - classical music
*'''música folklorica''' - folk music
*'''música hip-hop''' - hip-hop
*'''música rock''' - rock music

===Cultural Insight (Music)===
Music is the common way of expressing culture in Spanish-speaking countries. In most countries, such as Cuba, musicians line the streets, playing traditional tunes and giving the streets flavor, rhythm, and vibrant life. Music in Latin America has been influenced by Spanish, Native American, African, and more recently, American styles. Spanish music was influenced by Arabic and Roman styles.

===Country Focus (Colombia)===
[[Image:Flag of Colombia.svg|150px|right]]
[[Image:LocationColombia.png|noframe|150px|right]]
'''Colombia''' (Spanish: Colombia) is a country located in northwestern South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Atlantic Ocean, through the Caribbean Sea; to the north-west by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia also shares maritime borders with the Caribbean countries of Jamaica, Haiti and the Dominican Republic and the Central American countries of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

Colombia is the 26th largest nation in the world and the fourth-largest in South America (after Brazil, Argentina, and Peru), with an area more than twice that of France. It also has the second largest population in South America after Brazil.

The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous tribes which had migrated from North and Central America, including the Muisca, Quimbaya, and Tairona. To the south lay the Inca Empire. The Spanish arrived in 1499, and initiated a period of conquest and colonisation which ultimately led to the creation of the Viceroyalty of New Granada (comprising what is now Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama) with its capital at Bogotá. Independence from Spain was won in 1819, but by 1830 "Gran Colombia" had collapsed with the secession of Venezuela and Ecuador. Modern day Colombia, with Panama, emerged as the Republic of New Granada. The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation (1858), and then the United States of Colombia (1863), before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886. Panama seceded in 1903.

[[Image:Salitre 2007 (8).jpg|150px|left|thumb|Bogotá skyline, the city is the largest in Colombia, home to 7,033,914 people.]]

Colombia has a long tradition of constitutional government, and the Conservative and Liberal parties, founded in 1843 and 1848 respectively, are two of the oldest surviving political parties in the Americas. However, tensions between the two have frequently erupted into violence, most notably in the Thousand Days War (1899-1902) and La Violencia, beginning in 1948. Since the 1960s, government forces have been engaged in conflict with left-wing insurgents and illegal right-wing paramilitaries. Fuelled by the cocaine trade, this escalated dramatically in the 1990s. However, the insurgents lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the government, and in recent years the violence has been decreasing. Insurgents continue attacks against civilians, and large swathes of the countryside remain under guerrilla influence, but the Colombian government has stepped up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, and now has a presence in every one of its municipalities.

[[Image:Pacífico colombiano.jpg|150px|thumb|The humid Colombian Pacific coast.]]

Colombia is a standing middle power with the second largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico. Colombian culture lies at the crossroads of Latin America, and is distinguished by having a very multicultural society. European, African, Native American, American, Middle Eastern, and other Latin American cultural influences such as Mexico and the Caribbean are all felt in Colombia's modern culture.

'''Factbox''':

-Official Languages: Spanish

-Other Languages: English, Native American languages, French

-Capital: Bogotá

-Government: Democracy

[[Image:Cafe Quimbaya 2005-08-27.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Coffee is Colombia's main export.]]

-Area: 1,138,914 sq km (440,839 sq mi) (26th)

-Population: 44,482,751 (29th)

-Religion: Christianity (90% Catholic, other Christian 5%) 95%, Non-religious 1.9%, Traditional beliefs 1%, other (Islam, Buddhism, Judaism) 2.1%

-Human Development: 0.791 (75th, MEDIUM)

-Independence: August 7, 1819

-Currency: Colombian peso

{{sp1}}

Archive:Spanish/The bedroom

2009-02-03T05:05:27Z

75.36.135.53:

==Chapter 12 (The Bedroom)==
===Bedroom objects===
*'''alfombra''' - rug
*'''armario''' - closet
*'''cama''' - bed
*'''cómoda''' - dresser
*'''cortinas''' - curtains
*'''cuadro''' - painting
*'''despertador''' - alarm clock
*'''dormitorio''' - bedroom
*'''espejo''' - mirror
*'''estante''' - shelf
*'''lámpara''' - lamp
*'''mesita''' - nighttable
*'''pared''' - wall

===Electronics===
*'''disco compacto''' - compact disc
*'''equipo de sonido''' - sound (stereo) system
*'''lector DVD''' - DVD player
*'''televisor''' - television
*'''video''' - videocassette
*'''videocasetera''' - VCR

===Colors===
*'''¿De qué color...?''' - What color...?
*'''colores''' - colors
*'''amarillo(a)''' - yellow
*'''anaranjado(a)''' - orange
*'''azul''' - blue
*'''blanco(a)''' - white
*'''gris''' - gray
*'''marrón''' - brown
*'''morado(a)''' - purple
*'''negro(a)''' - black
*'''rojo(a)''' - red
*'''rosado(a)''' - pink
*'''verde''' - green

===Adjectives===
*'''bonito(a)''' - beautiful
*'''feo(a)''' - ugly
*'''grande''' - large
*'''importante''' - important
*'''mismo(a)''' - same
*'''pequeño(a)''' - small
*'''propio(a)''' - own

===Location===
*'''a la derecha''' - to the right
*'''a la izquierda''' - to the left

===Comparisions===
*'''mejor que''' - better than
*'''el/la mejor''' - the best (singular)
*'''los/las mejores''' - the best (plural)
*'''menos...que''' - less, fewer...than
*'''peor que''' - worse than
*'''el/la peor''' - the worse (singular)
*'''los/las peores''' - the worse (plural)

===Other words===
*'''cosa''' - thing
*'''para mí''' - in my opinion, for me
*'''para tí''' - in your opinion, for you
*'''posesión''' - pocession

===Dormir (to sleep)===
''Dormir'' is another one of the handful of irregular Spanish verbs, however, unlike ''tener'' and ''venir'', its ''yo'' form is not irregular. Also, like other irregular verbs, with the exception of ''ir'', the ''nosotros(as)'' and ''vosotros(as)'' form conjugate under normal rules. In ''dormir'', ''o'' turns into ''ue''.

*'''duermo''' - I sleep
*'''duermes''' - you sleep (singular)
*'''duermo''' - he/she sleeps
*'''dormimos''' - we sleep
*'''dormís''' - you sleep (plural)
*'''duermen''' - they sleep

'''Note''': Always remember that usted (Ud.) and ustedes (Uds.) conjugate into the 3rd person form.

===Poder (to be able)===
''Poder'' is yet another one of the handful of irregular Spanish verbs, it shares the same rule as ''dormir'' with the ''o'' changing to ''ue'' except in the ''nosotros(as)'' and ''vosotros(as)'' forms.

*'''puedo''' - I can
*'''puedes''' - you can (singular)
*'''puede''' - he/she can
*'''podemos''' - we can
*'''podéis''' - you can (plural)
*'''pueden''' - they can

'''Note''': Remember the usted (Ud.) and usteded (Uds.) rule yet?

===Vocabulario adicional===
*'''azul claro''' - light blue
*'''azul marino''' - navy blue
*'''azul oscuro''' - dark blue
*'''blues''' - blues
*'''música clásica''' - classical music
*'''música folklorica''' - folk music
*'''música hip-hop''' - hip-hop
*'''música rock''' - rock music

===Cultural Insight (Music)===
Music is the common way of expressing culture in Spanish-speaking countries. In most countries, such as Cuba, musicians line the streets, playing traditional tunes and giving the streets flavor, rhythm, and vibrant life. Music in Latin America has been influenced by Spanish, Native American, African, and more recently, American styles. Spanish music was influenced by Arabic and Roman styles.

===Country Focus (Colombia)===
[[Image:Flag of Colombia.svg|150px|right]]
[[Image:LocationColombia.png|noframe|150px|right]]
'''Colombia''' (Spanish: Colombia) is a country located in northwestern South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Atlantic Ocean, through the Caribbean Sea; to the north-west by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia also shares maritime borders with the Caribbean countries of Jamaica, Haiti and the Dominican Republic and the Central American countries of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

Colombia is the 26th largest nation in the world and the fourth-largest in South America (after Brazil, Argentina, and Peru), with an area more than twice that of France. It also has the second largest population in South America after Brazil.

The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous tribes which had migrated from North and Central America, including the Muisca, Quimbaya, and Tairona. To the south lay the Inca Empire. The Spanish arrived in 1499, and initiated a period of conquest and colonisation which ultimately led to the creation of the Viceroyalty of New Granada (comprising what is now Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama) with its capital at Bogotá. Independence from Spain was won in 1819, but by 1830 "Gran Colombia" had collapsed with the secession of Venezuela and Ecuador. Modern day Colombia, with Panama, emerged as the Republic of New Granada. The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation (1858), and then the United States of Colombia (1863), before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886. Panama seceded in 1903.

[[Image:Salitre 2007 (8).jpg|150px|left|thumb|Bogotá skyline, the city is the largest in Colombia, home to 7,033,914 people.]]

Colombia has a long tradition of constitutional government, and the Conservative and Liberal parties, founded in 1843 and 1848 respectively, are two of the oldest surviving political parties in the Americas. However, tensions between the two have frequently erupted into violence, most notably in the Thousand Days War (1899-1902) and La Violencia, beginning in 1948. Since the 1960s, government forces have been engaged in conflict with left-wing insurgents and illegal right-wing paramilitaries. Fuelled by the cocaine trade, this escalated dramatically in the 1990s. However, the insurgents lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the government, and in recent years the violence has been decreasing. Insurgents continue attacks against civilians, and large swathes of the countryside remain under guerrilla influence, but the Colombian government has stepped up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, and now has a presence in every one of its municipalities.

[[Image:Pacífico colombiano.jpg|150px|thumb|The humid Colombian Pacific coast.]]

Colombia is a standing middle power with the second largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico. Colombian culture lies at the crossroads of Latin America, and is distinguished by having a very multicultural society. European, African, Native American, American, Middle Eastern, and other Latin American cultural influences such as Mexico and the Caribbean are all felt in Colombia's modern culture.

'''Factbox''':

-Official Languages: Spanish

-Other Languages: English, Native American languages, French

-Capital: Bogotá

-Government: Democracy

[[Image:Cafe Quimbaya 2005-08-27.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Coffee is Colombia's main export.]]

-Area: 1,138,914 sq km (440,839 sq mi) (26th)

-Population: 44,482,751 (29th)

-Religion: Christianity (90% Catholic, other Christian 5%) 95%, Non-religious 1.9%, Traditional beliefs 1%, other (Islam, Buddhism, Judaism) 2.1%

-Human Development: 0.791 (75th, MEDIUM)

-Independence: August 7, 1819

-Currency: Colombian peso

{{sp1}}

Archive:Spanish/The classroom

2009-01-22T04:01:53Z

75.36.135.53:

==Chapter 5 (The Classroom)==
===Objects===
*'''bandera''' - flag
*'''cartera''' - poster
*'''computadora''' - computer
*'''disquete''' - diskette
*'''mochila''' - backpack
*'''pantalla''' - screen (computer)
*'''papelera''' - wastepaper basket
*'''ratón''' - mouse (computer)
*'''reloj''' - clock
*'''sacapuntas''' - pencil sharpener
*'''teclado''' - keyboard (computer)

===Classroom furniture===
*'''escritorio''' - desk
*'''mesa''' - table
*'''silla''' - chair
*'''puerta''' - door
*'''ventana''' - window

===Location===
*'''al lado de la/del''' - next to the/of the, besides the
*'''allí''' - there
*'''aquí''' - here
*'''debajo de la/del''' - under the/of the
*'''delante de la/del''' - in front of the
*'''detrás de la/del''' - behind the
*'''¿Dónde?''' - Where?
*'''en''' - in
*'''encima de la/del''' - on top the/of the

'''Note''': Use ''de la'' when referring to a feminine noun and ''del'' when referring to a maculine noun.

===Words describing ownership===
*'''de''' - of
*'''mi''' - my
*'''tu''' - your

'''Note''': In Spanish there are no apostraphes, instead use ''de'' to indicate ownership, for example, "Marisol's pen" in English would be "bolígrafo de Marisol" in Spanish.

===Other phrases===
*'''Es un(a)''' - It's a/an
*'''Hay..''' - There is, There are
*'''¿Qué es esto?''' - What is this?

===Estar (to be)===
In Spanish, there are to ways to say ''to be'', '''estar''' and '''ser'''. Estar is used to refer to temporary events, such as emotions, location, and time.

*'''estoy''' - I am
*'''estás''' - you are (singular)
*'''está''' - he/she is
*'''estamos''' - we are
*'''estáis''' - you are (plural)
*'''están''' - they are

'''Note''': Usted and ustedes are '''always''' conjugated in the ''él/ella'' and ''ellos/ellas'' forms respectively.

===Direct and indirect articles (plural)===
As you may remember, '''el''' and '''la''' are the two singular direct articles in Spanish, both meaning ''the''. The singular indirect aricles are ''un'' and ''una'', both meaning ''a, an''. Use plural articles when referring to more than one thing.

*'''los, las''' - the
*'''unos, unas''' - some

'''Note''': To make words ending in a constant, add -es except for the letter ''z'', whose plural form ends in -ces.

===Vocabulario adicional===
*'''grapadora''' - stapler
*'''grapas''' - staples
*'''lápices''' - pencils
*'''tijeras''' - scissors
*'''detrás de mi''' - behind me
*'''detrás de ti''' - behind you
*'''Hasta pronto.''' - See you soon.

===Cultural Insight (Spare Time)===
In many Spanish-speaking countries, people tend to spend their free time with friends and family. A stroll in the park or retreat is usually done with family and chatting at local cafés and plazas are more associated with friends.

===Country focus (Puerto Rico)===
[[Image:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg|140px|right]]
'''Puerto Rico''' (Spanish: Puerto Rico) is a self-governing unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands. The territory is composed of an archipelago that includes the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller islands and keys, the largest of which are Vieques, Culebra, and Mona. The main island of Puerto Rico is the smallest by land area but third largest by population among the four Greater Antilles (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico).

Puerto Ricans often call the island Borinquen, from Borikén, its indigenous Taíno name. The terms boricua and borincano derive from Borikén and Borinquen respectively, and are commonly used to identify someone of Puerto Rican heritage. The island is also popularly known as "La Isla del Encanto", which translated means "The Island of Enchantment."

[[Image:LocationPuertoRico.png|right|150px]]

Puerto Rican culture is a mix of four cultures, African (from the slaves), Taíno (Amerindians), Spanish, and more recently, North American. From Africans, the Puerto Ricans have obtained the "bomba and plena", a type of music and dance including percussions and maracas. From the Amerindians (Taínos), they kept many names for their municipalities, foods, musical instruments like the güiro and maracas. Many words and other objects have originated from their localized language. From the Spanish they received the Spanish language, the Catholic religion and the vast majority of their cultural and moral values and traditions. From the United States they received the English language, the university system and a variety of hybrid cultural forms that developed between the U.S. mainland and the island of Puerto Rico.

'''Factbox''':

[[Image:Old San Juan aerial view.jpg|150px|thumb|right|View of Old San Juan.]]

-Official Languages: Spanish, English

-Other Languages: French, other European languages, Native American languages

-Capital: San Juan

[[Image:Garita morro s.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Morro Castle]]

-Government: Commonwealth of the United States

-Area: 9,170 sq km (3,515 sq mi) (170th)

-Population: 3,994,259 (July 2008) (125th)

-Religion: Christianity (Catholic 85%, Protestant 8%) 93%, Islam 0.13%, other (Non-religious, Buddhism, Judaism, Animism) 6.87%

-Human Development: 0.942 (1998 data, HIGH)

-Independence: Territory of the United States

-Currency: U.S. Dollar

{{sp1}}

Archive:Spanish/Adjectives

2009-01-22T03:59:00Z

75.36.135.53:

==Chapter 3 (Adjectives)==
===Adjectives===
*'''artístico(a)''' - artistic
*'''atrevido(a)''' - daring
*'''bueno(a)''' - good
*'''deportista''' - sports-minded
*'''desordenado(a)''' - messy
*'''estudioso(a)''' - studious
*'''gracioso(a)''' - funny
*'''impaciente''' - impatient
*'''inteligente''' - inteligent
*'''ordenado(a)''' - neat
*'''paciente''' - patient
*'''perezoso(a)''' - lazy
*'''reservado(a)''' - reserved, shy
*'''serio(a)''' - serious
*'''simpático(a)''' - nice
*'''sociable''' - sociable
*'''talentoso(a)''' - talented
*'''trabajador(ora)''' - hardworking

===Personal questions & statements===
*'''¿Cómo eres?''' - What are you like?
*'''¿Cómo es?''' - What is he/she like?
*'''¿Cómo se llama?''' - What's his/her name?
*'''¿Eres...?''' - Are you...?
*'''le gusta...''' - he/she likes
*'''no le gusta...''' - he/she doen't like
*'''soy''' - I am
*'''no soy''' - I am not
*'''es''' - he/she is

===Relationships===
*'''amigo''' - male friend
*'''amiga''' - female friend
*'''chico''' - boy
*'''chica''' - girl
*'''familia''' - family
*'''yo''' - I
*'''él''' - he
*'''ella''' - she

===Other words===
*'''a veces''' - sometimes
*'''muy''' - very
*'''pero''' - but
*'''según''' - according to
*'''según mi familia''' - according to my family

===Grammar: Adjectives===
In Spanish, most nouns are classified by gender. Masculine nouns usually end in -o and feminine nouns usually end in -a. Masculine nouns are used to describe males and masculine nouns, while feminine nouns are used to describe females or feminine nouns.

'''Masculine'''
*ordenad'''o'''
*trabaja'''dor'''
*pacient'''e'''
*deportist'''a'''

'''Feminine'''
*ordenad'''a'''
*trabaja'''dora'''
*pacient'''e'''
*deportist'''a'''

===Definite and Indefinite Articles===
Definite articles describe a specific thing, while indefinite articles are used to refer to other things.

*'''el''' - the (masculine)
*'''la''' - the (feminine)
*'''un''' - a, an (masculine)
*'''una''' - a, an (feminine)

===Vocabulario adicional===
*'''coleccionar sellos''' - to collect stamps
*'''coleccionar monedas''' - to collect coins
*'''jugar al ajedrez''' - to play chess
*'''patinar sobre hielo''' - to ice-skate
*'''practicar artes marciales''' - to practice martial arts
*'''bombardino''' - baritone
*'''trompa de llaves''' - French horn
*'''misterioso(a)''' - mysterious

===Cultural Insight (Friendships)===
In Spanish-speaking countries, most families are close-knit and friends tend to be more of acquintainces than friends than those in English-speaking societies.

===Country focus (Cuba)===
[[Image:Flag of Cuba.svg|150px|right]]
'''Cuba''' (Spanish: Cuba) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles), Isla de la Juventud and several adjacent small islands. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean at the confluence of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Cuba is south of the eastern United States and The Bahamas, west of the Turks and Caicos Islands and Haiti and east of Mexico. The Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south. The national flower is Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig, most often known as "flor de mariposa" (Butterfly Flower) and the national bird is "Tocororo" or Cuban Trogon from the family of Trogonidae.

[[Image:LocationCuba.svg|150px|left]]
Cuba is the most populous insular nation in the Caribbean. Its people, culture and customs draw from several sources including the aboriginal Taíno and Ciboney peoples, the period of Spanish colonialism, the introduction of African slaves, and its proximity to the United States. The name "Cuba" comes from the Taíno language the exact meaning of which is unclear, but may be translated either "where fertile land is abundant" or "great place" . The island has a tropical climate that is moderated by the surrounding waters; however, the warm temperatures of the Caribbean Sea and the fact that the island of Cuba sits across the access to the Gulf of Mexico combine to make Cuba prone to frequent hurricanes. Cuba's main island, at 766 miles (1,233 km) long, is the world's 17th largest. Cuban culture is much influenced by the fact that it is a melting pot of cultures, primarily those of Spain and Africa. Cuba is most notably known for is music, which is very rich and is the most commonly known expression of culture, as well as sports, notably baseball.

[[Image:Castillo del morro.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro (Morro Castle (fortress), built in 1589 to guard the eastern entrance to Havana bay).]]

'''Factbox''':

-Official Language: Spanish

-Other Languages: African languages, Portuguese, French, Cantonese

-Capital: Havana (La Habana)

[[Image:LaHabana.jpg|150px|thumb|Havana at sunset.]]

-Government: Communism

-Area: 110,861 sq km (42,803 sq mi) (105th)

-Population: 11,268,000 (July 2008) (70th)

-Religion: Christianity 85%, Atheism 14.44%, Buddhism 0.25%, Hinduism 0.21%, other (Judaism, Animism, Islam, etc.) 0.1%

[[Image:Tropical beach sunset.jpg|150px|thumb|Cuba is home to many of the world's most beautiful beaches, such as Santa Lucía, shown here.]]

-Human Development: 0.838 (HIGH, 51st)

-Independence: January 1, 1956

-Currency: Cuban Peso, Cuban Convertible Peso

{{sp1}}

Archive:Spanish/Adjectives

2009-01-22T03:58:37Z

75.36.135.53:

==Chapter 3 (Adjectives)==
===Adjectives===
*'''artístico(a)''' - artistic
*'''atrevido(a)''' - daring
*'''bueno(a)''' - good
*'''deportista''' - sports-minded
*'''desordenado(a)''' - messy
*'''estudioso(a)''' - studious
*'''gracioso(a)''' - funny
*'''impaciente''' - impatient
*'''inteligente''' - inteligent
*'''ordenado(a)''' - neat
*'''paciente''' - patient
*'''perezoso(a)''' - lazy
*'''reservado(a)''' - reserved, shy
*'''serio(a)''' - serious
*'''simpático(a)''' - nice
*'''sociable''' - sociable
*'''talentoso(a)''' - talented
*'''trabajador(ora)''' - hardworking

===Personal questions & statements===
*'''¿Cómo eres?''' - What are you like?
*'''¿Cómo es?''' - What is he/she like?
*'''¿Cómo se llama?''' - What's his/her name?
*'''¿Eres...?''' - Are you...?
*'''le gusta...''' - he/she likes
*'''no le gusta...''' - he/she doen't like
*'''soy''' - I am
*'''no soy''' - I am not
*'''es''' - he/she is

===Relationships===
*'''amigo''' - male friend
*'''amiga''' - female friend
*'''niño''' - boy (Children)
*'''chico''' - boy
*'''niña''' - girl (Children)
*'''chica''' - girl
*'''familia''' - family
*'''yo''' - I
*'''él''' - he
*'''ella''' - she

===Other words===
*'''a veces''' - sometimes
*'''muy''' - very
*'''pero''' - but
*'''según''' - according to
*'''según mi familia''' - according to my family

===Grammar: Adjectives===
In Spanish, most nouns are classified by gender. Masculine nouns usually end in -o and feminine nouns usually end in -a. Masculine nouns are used to describe males and masculine nouns, while feminine nouns are used to describe females or feminine nouns.

'''Masculine'''
*ordenad'''o'''
*trabaja'''dor'''
*pacient'''e'''
*deportist'''a'''

'''Feminine'''
*ordenad'''a'''
*trabaja'''dora'''
*pacient'''e'''
*deportist'''a'''

===Definite and Indefinite Articles===
Definite articles describe a specific thing, while indefinite articles are used to refer to other things.

*'''el''' - the (masculine)
*'''la''' - the (feminine)
*'''un''' - a, an (masculine)
*'''una''' - a, an (feminine)

===Vocabulario adicional===
*'''coleccionar sellos''' - to collect stamps
*'''coleccionar monedas''' - to collect coins
*'''jugar al ajedrez''' - to play chess
*'''patinar sobre hielo''' - to ice-skate
*'''practicar artes marciales''' - to practice martial arts
*'''bombardino''' - baritone
*'''trompa de llaves''' - French horn
*'''misterioso(a)''' - mysterious

===Cultural Insight (Friendships)===
In Spanish-speaking countries, most families are close-knit and friends tend to be more of acquintainces than friends than those in English-speaking societies.

===Country focus (Cuba)===
[[Image:Flag of Cuba.svg|150px|right]]
'''Cuba''' (Spanish: Cuba) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles), Isla de la Juventud and several adjacent small islands. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean at the confluence of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Cuba is south of the eastern United States and The Bahamas, west of the Turks and Caicos Islands and Haiti and east of Mexico. The Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south. The national flower is Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig, most often known as "flor de mariposa" (Butterfly Flower) and the national bird is "Tocororo" or Cuban Trogon from the family of Trogonidae.

[[Image:LocationCuba.svg|150px|left]]
Cuba is the most populous insular nation in the Caribbean. Its people, culture and customs draw from several sources including the aboriginal Taíno and Ciboney peoples, the period of Spanish colonialism, the introduction of African slaves, and its proximity to the United States. The name "Cuba" comes from the Taíno language the exact meaning of which is unclear, but may be translated either "where fertile land is abundant" or "great place" . The island has a tropical climate that is moderated by the surrounding waters; however, the warm temperatures of the Caribbean Sea and the fact that the island of Cuba sits across the access to the Gulf of Mexico combine to make Cuba prone to frequent hurricanes. Cuba's main island, at 766 miles (1,233 km) long, is the world's 17th largest. Cuban culture is much influenced by the fact that it is a melting pot of cultures, primarily those of Spain and Africa. Cuba is most notably known for is music, which is very rich and is the most commonly known expression of culture, as well as sports, notably baseball.

[[Image:Castillo del morro.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro (Morro Castle (fortress), built in 1589 to guard the eastern entrance to Havana bay).]]

'''Factbox''':

-Official Language: Spanish

-Other Languages: African languages, Portuguese, French, Cantonese

-Capital: Havana (La Habana)

[[Image:LaHabana.jpg|150px|thumb|Havana at sunset.]]

-Government: Communism

-Area: 110,861 sq km (42,803 sq mi) (105th)

-Population: 11,268,000 (July 2008) (70th)

-Religion: Christianity 85%, Atheism 14.44%, Buddhism 0.25%, Hinduism 0.21%, other (Judaism, Animism, Islam, etc.) 0.1%

[[Image:Tropical beach sunset.jpg|150px|thumb|Cuba is home to many of the world's most beautiful beaches, such as Santa Lucía, shown here.]]

-Human Development: 0.838 (HIGH, 51st)

-Independence: January 1, 1956

-Currency: Cuban Peso, Cuban Convertible Peso

{{sp1}}

Archive:Spanish/Activities

2009-01-22T03:57:44Z

75.36.135.53:

==Chapter 2 (Activities)==
===Infinitives===
*'''bailar''' - to dance
*'''cantar''' - to sing
*'''correr''' - to run
*'''escribir cuentos''' - to write stories
*'''escuchar música''' - to listen to music
*'''esquiar''' - to ski
*'''hablar por teléfono''' - to talk on the phone
*'''ir a la escuela''' - to go to school
*'''jugar videojuegos''' - to play videogames
*'''leer revistas''' - to read magazines
*'''montar en bicicleta''' - to ride a bicycle
*'''montar en monopatín''' - to skateboard
*'''nadar''' - to swim
*'''pasar tiempo con amigos''' - to spend time with friends
*'''patinar''' - to skate
*'''practicar deportes''' - to play sports
*'''tocar la guitarra''' - to play the guitar
*'''trabajar''' - to work
*'''usar la computadora''' - to use the computer
*'''ver la tele''' - to watch television

===Words to describe something you like or dislike===
*'''A mí''' - (Used for emphasis when talking about what you like or dislike.)
*'''Me gusta...''' - I like to...
*'''Me gusta más...''' - I like to...better.
*'''Me gusta mucho...''' I like to...a lot.
*'''A mí también.''' - I do too.
*'''No me gusta...''' - I don't like to do...
*'''No me gusta nada...''' - I don't like to...at all.
*'''A mí tampoco.''' - I don't either.
*'''¿Qué te gusta hacer?''' - What do you like to do?
*'''¿Qué te gusta más?''' - What do you like better?
*'''¿Te gusta...?''' - Do you like to...?
*'''¿Y a ti?''' - And you?

===Other words===
*'''ni''' - neither, nor
*'''o''' - or
*'''pues...''' - well...
*'''sí''' - yes
*'''también''' - also, too
*'''y''' - and

====Cultural note====
*Many schools in Latin America don't have a Physical Education class or sports teams, instead many students go to local gyms to join sports teams.

===Cognates/Instruments===
====Cognates====
*'''popular''' = popular
*'''usar''' = to use
*'''guitarra''' = guitar
*'''instrumento''' = instrument
*'''importante''' = important
*'''flamenco''' = flamenco
*'''tango''' = tango
*'''merengue''' = merengue
*'''salsa''' = salsa
*'''cumbia''' = cumbia
*'''famoso''' = famous
*'''no''' = no

====Instrumentos====
*'''maracas''' - maracas
*'''güiro''' - güiro
*'''acordeón''' - accordian
*'''claves''' - claves
*'''bajo''' - bass
*'''batería''' - drums
*'''clarinete''' - clarinet
*'''oboe''' - oboe
*'''saxofón''' - saxophone
*'''sintetizador''' - synthesizer
*'''trombón''' - trombone
*'''trompeta''' - trumpet
*'''tuba''' - tuba
*'''violín''' - violin

===Cultural Insight (Dances)===
Many famous dances have originated in Spanish-speaking countries. Below are lists of dances and their country of origin:

-Flamenco: Spain

-Tango: Argentina

-Merengue: Dominican Republic

-Salsa: Puerto Rico

-Cumbia: Columbia

===Country focus (Estados Unidos)===
[[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|150px|right]]
The '''United States of America''' (Spanish: Estados Unidos), usually referred to as the United States, the U.S. or America, is a constitutional federal republic comprising fifty states and a federal district, as well as several territories, or insular areas, scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait, and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific.
[[Image:LocationUSA.png|200px|right]]

At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with more than 300 million people, the United States is the fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by population. The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with a nominal 2006 gross domestic product (GDP) of more than US$13 trillion (over 25% of the world total based on nominal GDP and almost 20% by purchasing power parity).

[[Image:SF From Marin Highlands3.jpg|150px|thumb|San Francisco was founded as a Spanish mission, but today is a major city home to over 800,000 people.]]
The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. Proclaiming themselves "states," they issued the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence. A federal convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments, was ratified in 1791.

[[Image:Castillo de San Marcos Fort Panorama 1.jpg|left|thumb|170px|Castillo de San Marcos, a fort in St.Augustine, Florida, the oldest European settlement in the USA.]]

In the nineteenth century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of slavery in the United States. The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the nation's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. In the post–Cold War era, the United States is the only remaining superpower—accounting for approximately 50% of global military spending—and a dominant economic, political, and cultural force in the world. The United States is a multicultural nation, home to a wide variety of ethnic groups, traditions, and values.

[[Image:LosAngelesSmog.jpg|thumb|200px|Los Angeles, formely a Spanish pueblo, is today a major city home to 4 million people and major world center in tourism and culture.]]
'''Factbox''':

*Official languages: none (English is the ''de facto'' language)

*Other Languages: Spanish, French, German, Cantonese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, Mandarin, Italian, Korean, 327 other languages

*Capital: Washington D.C.

*Government: Democracy

*Area: 9,629,091 sq km (3,794,066 sq mi) (4th)

*Population: 304,686,000 (July 2008) (3rd)

*Religion: Christianity 78.5% (Protestant 51.3%, Catholic 23.9%, Mormon 1.7%, other Christian 1.6%), Non-religious 15%, Judaism 2.1%, Buddhism 2%, Islam 1%, Hinduism 0.4%, other 1% (mostly Unitarian Universalism, traditonal beliefs, Sikhism, Jainism, Confucianism, Taoism, etc.)

*Human Development: 0.951 (HIGH, 12th)

*Independence: July 4, 1776

*Currency: United States Dollar

{{sp1}}

Archive:Spanish/Activities

2009-01-22T03:56:49Z

75.36.135.53:

==Chapter 2 (Activities)==
===Infinitives===
*'''bailar''' - to dance
*'''cantar''' - to sing
*'''correr''' - to run
*'''escribir cuentos''' - to write stories
*'''escuchar música''' - to listen to music
*'''esquiar''' - to ski
*'''hablar por teléfono''' - to talk on the phone
*'''ir a la escuela''' - to go to school
*'''jugar videojuegos''' - to play videogames
*'''leer revistas''' - to read magazines
*'''montar en bicicleta''' - to ride a bicycle
*'''montar en monopatín''' - to skateboard
*'''nadar''' - to swim
*'''pasar tiempo con amigos''' - to spend time with friends
*'''patinar''' - to skate
*'''practicar deportes''' - to play sports
*'''tocar la guitarra''' - to play the guitar
*'''trabajar''' - to work
*'''usar la computadora''' - to use the computer
*'''ver la tele''' - to watch television

===Words to describe something you like or dislike===
*'''A mí''' - (Used for emphasis when talking about what you like or dislike.)
*'''Me gusta...''' - I like to...
*'''Me gusta más...''' - I like to...better.
*'''Me gusta mucho...''' I like to...a lot.
*'''A mí también.''' - I do too.
*'''No me gusta...''' - I don't like to do...
*'''No me gusta nada...''' - I don't like to...at all.
*'''A mí tampoco.''' - I don't either.
*'''¿Qué te gusta hacer?''' - What do you like to do?
*'''¿Qué te gusta más?''' - What do you like better?
*'''¿Te gusta...?''' - Do you like to...?
*'''¿Y a ti?''' - And you?

===Other words===
*'''ni''' - neither, nor
*'''o''' - or
*'''pues...''' - well...
*'''sí''' - yes
*'''también''' - also, too
*'''y''' - and

====Cultural note====
*Many schools in Latin America don't have a Physical Education class or sports teams, instead many students go to local gyms to join sports teams.

===Cognates/Instruments===
====Cognates====
*'''popular''' = popular
*'''usar''' = to use
*'''guitarra''' = guitar
*'''instrumento''' = instrument
*'''importante''' = important
*'''flamenco''' = flamenco
*'''tango''' = tango
*'''merengue''' = merengue
*'''salsa''' = salsa
*'''cumbia''' = cumbia
*'''famoso''' = famous
*'''no''' = no

====Instrumentos====
*'''maracas''' - maracas
*'''güiro''' - güiro
*'''acordeón''' - accordian
*'''claves''' - claves
*'''bajo''' - bass
*'''batería''' - drums
*'''clarinete''' - clarinet
*'''oboe''' - oboe
*'''saxofón''' - saxophone
*'''sintetizador''' - synthesizer
*'''trombón''' - trombone
*'''trompeta''' - trumpet
*'''tuba''' - tuba
*'''violín''' - violin

===Cultural Insight (Dances)===
Many famous dances have originated in Spanish-speaking countries. Below are lists of dances and their country of origin:

-Flamenco: Spain

-Tango: Argentina

-Merengue: Dominican Republic

-Salsa: Puerto Rico

-Cumbia: Columbia

===Country focus (Estados Unidos)===
[[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|150px|right]]
The '''United States of America''' (Spanish: Estados Unidos), usually referred to as the United States, the U.S. or America, is a constitutional federal republic comprising fifty states and a federal district, as well as several territories, or insular areas, scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait, and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific.
[[Image:LocationUSA.png|200px|right]]

At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with more than 300 million people, the United States is the fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by population. The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with a nominal 2006 gross domestic product (GDP) of more than US$13 trillion (over 25% of the world total based on nominal GDP and almost 20% by purchasing power parity).

[[Image:SF From Marin Highlands3.jpg|150px|thumb|San Francisco was founded as a Spanish mission, but today is a major city home to 764,976 people.]]
The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. Proclaiming themselves "states," they issued the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence. A federal convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments, was ratified in 1791.

[[Image:Castillo de San Marcos Fort Panorama 1.jpg|left|thumb|170px|Castillo de San Marcos, a fort in St.Augustine, Florida, the oldest European settlement in the USA.]]

In the nineteenth century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of slavery in the United States. The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the nation's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. In the post–Cold War era, the United States is the only remaining superpower—accounting for approximately 50% of global military spending—and a dominant economic, political, and cultural force in the world. The United States is a multicultural nation, home to a wide variety of ethnic groups, traditions, and values.

[[Image:LosAngelesSmog.jpg|thumb|200px|Los Angeles, formely a Spanish pueblo, is today a major city home to 3,849,378 people and major world center in tourism and culture.]]
'''Factbox''':

*Official languages: none (English is the ''de facto'' language)

*Other Languages: Spanish, French, German, Cantonese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, Mandarin, Italian, Korean, 327 other languages

*Capital: Washington D.C.

*Government: Democracy

*Area: 9,629,091 sq km (3,794,066 sq mi) (4th)

*Population: 304,686,000 (July 2008) (3rd)

*Religion: Christianity 78.5% (Protestant 51.3%, Catholic 23.9%, Mormon 1.7%, other Christian 1.6%), Non-religious 15%, Judaism 2.1%, Buddhism 2%, Islam 1%, Hinduism 0.4%, other 1% (mostly Unitarian Universalism, traditonal beliefs, Sikhism, Jainism, Confucianism, Taoism, etc.)

*Human Development: 0.951 (HIGH, 12th)

*Independence: July 4, 1776

*Currency: United States Dollar

{{sp1}}

Archive:Spanish/Activities

2009-01-22T03:56:38Z

75.36.135.53:

==Chapter 2 (Activities)==
===Infinitives===
*'''bailar''' - to dance
*'''cantar''' - to sing
*'''correr''' - to run
*'''escribir cuentos''' - to write stories
*'''escuchar música''' - to listen to music
*'''esquiar''' - to ski
*'''hablar por teléfono''' - to talk on the phone
*'''ir a la escuela''' - to go to school
*'''jugar videojuegos''' - to play videogames
*'''leer revistas''' - to read magazines
*'''montar en bicicleta''' - to ride a bicycle
*'''montar en monopatín''' - to skateboard
*'''nadar''' - to swim
*'''pasar tiempo con amigos''' - to spend time with friends
*'''patinar''' - to skate
*'''practicar deportes''' - to play sports
*'''tocar la guitarra''' - to play the guitar
*'''trabajar''' - to work
*'''usar la computadora''' - to use the computer
*'''ver la television''' - to watch television

===Words to describe something you like or dislike===
*'''A mí''' - (Used for emphasis when talking about what you like or dislike.)
*'''Me gusta...''' - I like to...
*'''Me gusta más...''' - I like to...better.
*'''Me gusta mucho...''' I like to...a lot.
*'''A mí también.''' - I do too.
*'''No me gusta...''' - I don't like to do...
*'''No me gusta nada...''' - I don't like to...at all.
*'''A mí tampoco.''' - I don't either.
*'''¿Qué te gusta hacer?''' - What do you like to do?
*'''¿Qué te gusta más?''' - What do you like better?
*'''¿Te gusta...?''' - Do you like to...?
*'''¿Y a ti?''' - And you?

===Other words===
*'''ni''' - neither, nor
*'''o''' - or
*'''pues...''' - well...
*'''sí''' - yes
*'''también''' - also, too
*'''y''' - and

====Cultural note====
*Many schools in Latin America don't have a Physical Education class or sports teams, instead many students go to local gyms to join sports teams.

===Cognates/Instruments===
====Cognates====
*'''popular''' = popular
*'''usar''' = to use
*'''guitarra''' = guitar
*'''instrumento''' = instrument
*'''importante''' = important
*'''flamenco''' = flamenco
*'''tango''' = tango
*'''merengue''' = merengue
*'''salsa''' = salsa
*'''cumbia''' = cumbia
*'''famoso''' = famous
*'''no''' = no

====Instrumentos====
*'''maracas''' - maracas
*'''güiro''' - güiro
*'''acordeón''' - accordian
*'''claves''' - claves
*'''bajo''' - bass
*'''batería''' - drums
*'''clarinete''' - clarinet
*'''oboe''' - oboe
*'''saxofón''' - saxophone
*'''sintetizador''' - synthesizer
*'''trombón''' - trombone
*'''trompeta''' - trumpet
*'''tuba''' - tuba
*'''violín''' - violin

===Cultural Insight (Dances)===
Many famous dances have originated in Spanish-speaking countries. Below are lists of dances and their country of origin:

-Flamenco: Spain

-Tango: Argentina

-Merengue: Dominican Republic

-Salsa: Puerto Rico

-Cumbia: Columbia

===Country focus (Estados Unidos)===
[[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|150px|right]]
The '''United States of America''' (Spanish: Estados Unidos), usually referred to as the United States, the U.S. or America, is a constitutional federal republic comprising fifty states and a federal district, as well as several territories, or insular areas, scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait, and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific.
[[Image:LocationUSA.png|200px|right]]

At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with more than 300 million people, the United States is the fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by population. The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with a nominal 2006 gross domestic product (GDP) of more than US$13 trillion (over 25% of the world total based on nominal GDP and almost 20% by purchasing power parity).

[[Image:SF From Marin Highlands3.jpg|150px|thumb|San Francisco was founded as a Spanish mission, but today is a major city home to 764,976 people.]]
The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. Proclaiming themselves "states," they issued the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence. A federal convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments, was ratified in 1791.

[[Image:Castillo de San Marcos Fort Panorama 1.jpg|left|thumb|170px|Castillo de San Marcos, a fort in St.Augustine, Florida, the oldest European settlement in the USA.]]

In the nineteenth century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of slavery in the United States. The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the nation's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. In the post–Cold War era, the United States is the only remaining superpower—accounting for approximately 50% of global military spending—and a dominant economic, political, and cultural force in the world. The United States is a multicultural nation, home to a wide variety of ethnic groups, traditions, and values.

[[Image:LosAngelesSmog.jpg|thumb|200px|Los Angeles, formely a Spanish pueblo, is today a major city home to 3,849,378 people and major world center in tourism and culture.]]
'''Factbox''':

*Official languages: none (English is the ''de facto'' language)

*Other Languages: Spanish, French, German, Cantonese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, Mandarin, Italian, Korean, 327 other languages

*Capital: Washington D.C.

*Government: Democracy

*Area: 9,629,091 sq km (3,794,066 sq mi) (4th)

*Population: 304,686,000 (July 2008) (3rd)

*Religion: Christianity 78.5% (Protestant 51.3%, Catholic 23.9%, Mormon 1.7%, other Christian 1.6%), Non-religious 15%, Judaism 2.1%, Buddhism 2%, Islam 1%, Hinduism 0.4%, other 1% (mostly Unitarian Universalism, traditonal beliefs, Sikhism, Jainism, Confucianism, Taoism, etc.)

*Human Development: 0.951 (HIGH, 12th)

*Independence: July 4, 1776

*Currency: United States Dollar

{{sp1}}

Archive:Spanish/Activities

2009-01-22T03:56:09Z

75.36.135.53:

==Chapter 2 (Activities)==
===Infinitives===
*'''bailar''' - to dance
*'''cantar''' - to sing
*'''correr''' - to run
*'''escribir cuentos''' - to write stories
*'''escuchar música''' - to listen to music
*'''esquiar''' - to ski
*'''hablar por teléfono''' - to talk on the phone
*'''ir a la escuela''' - to go to school
*'''jugar videojuegos''' - to play videogames
*'''leer revistas''' - to read magazines
*'''montar en bicicleta''' - to ride a bicycle
*'''montar en monopatín''' - to skateboard
*'''nadar''' - to swim
*'''pasar el tiempo con mis amigos''' - to spend time with friends
*'''patinar''' - to skate
*'''practicar deportes''' - to play sports
*'''tocar la guitarra''' - to play the guitar
*'''trabajar''' - to work
*'''usar la computadora''' - to use the computer
*'''ver la television''' - to watch television

===Words to describe something you like or dislike===
*'''A mí''' - (Used for emphasis when talking about what you like or dislike.)
*'''Me gusta...''' - I like to...
*'''Me gusta más...''' - I like to...better.
*'''Me gusta mucho...''' I like to...a lot.
*'''A mí también.''' - I do too.
*'''No me gusta...''' - I don't like to do...
*'''No me gusta nada...''' - I don't like to...at all.
*'''A mí tampoco.''' - I don't either.
*'''¿Qué te gusta hacer?''' - What do you like to do?
*'''¿Qué te gusta más?''' - What do you like better?
*'''¿Te gusta...?''' - Do you like to...?
*'''¿Y a ti?''' - And you?

===Other words===
*'''ni''' - neither, nor
*'''o''' - or
*'''pues...''' - well...
*'''sí''' - yes
*'''también''' - also, too
*'''y''' - and

====Cultural note====
*Many schools in Latin America don't have a Physical Education class or sports teams, instead many students go to local gyms to join sports teams.

===Cognates/Instruments===
====Cognates====
*'''popular''' = popular
*'''usar''' = to use
*'''guitarra''' = guitar
*'''instrumento''' = instrument
*'''importante''' = important
*'''flamenco''' = flamenco
*'''tango''' = tango
*'''merengue''' = merengue
*'''salsa''' = salsa
*'''cumbia''' = cumbia
*'''famoso''' = famous
*'''no''' = no

====Instrumentos====
*'''maracas''' - maracas
*'''güiro''' - güiro
*'''acordeón''' - accordian
*'''claves''' - claves
*'''bajo''' - bass
*'''batería''' - drums
*'''clarinete''' - clarinet
*'''oboe''' - oboe
*'''saxofón''' - saxophone
*'''sintetizador''' - synthesizer
*'''trombón''' - trombone
*'''trompeta''' - trumpet
*'''tuba''' - tuba
*'''violín''' - violin

===Cultural Insight (Dances)===
Many famous dances have originated in Spanish-speaking countries. Below are lists of dances and their country of origin:

-Flamenco: Spain

-Tango: Argentina

-Merengue: Dominican Republic

-Salsa: Puerto Rico

-Cumbia: Columbia

===Country focus (Estados Unidos)===
[[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|150px|right]]
The '''United States of America''' (Spanish: Estados Unidos), usually referred to as the United States, the U.S. or America, is a constitutional federal republic comprising fifty states and a federal district, as well as several territories, or insular areas, scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait, and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific.
[[Image:LocationUSA.png|200px|right]]

At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with more than 300 million people, the United States is the fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by population. The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with a nominal 2006 gross domestic product (GDP) of more than US$13 trillion (over 25% of the world total based on nominal GDP and almost 20% by purchasing power parity).

[[Image:SF From Marin Highlands3.jpg|150px|thumb|San Francisco was founded as a Spanish mission, but today is a major city home to 764,976 people.]]
The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. Proclaiming themselves "states," they issued the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The rebellious states defeated Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, the first successful colonial war of independence. A federal convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments, was ratified in 1791.

[[Image:Castillo de San Marcos Fort Panorama 1.jpg|left|thumb|170px|Castillo de San Marcos, a fort in St.Augustine, Florida, the oldest European settlement in the USA.]]

In the nineteenth century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states' rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of slavery in the United States. The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the nation's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons, a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO. In the post–Cold War era, the United States is the only remaining superpower—accounting for approximately 50% of global military spending—and a dominant economic, political, and cultural force in the world. The United States is a multicultural nation, home to a wide variety of ethnic groups, traditions, and values.

[[Image:LosAngelesSmog.jpg|thumb|200px|Los Angeles, formely a Spanish pueblo, is today a major city home to 3,849,378 people and major world center in tourism and culture.]]
'''Factbox''':

*Official languages: none (English is the ''de facto'' language)

*Other Languages: Spanish, French, German, Cantonese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, Mandarin, Italian, Korean, 327 other languages

*Capital: Washington D.C.

*Government: Democracy

*Area: 9,629,091 sq km (3,794,066 sq mi) (4th)

*Population: 304,686,000 (July 2008) (3rd)

*Religion: Christianity 78.5% (Protestant 51.3%, Catholic 23.9%, Mormon 1.7%, other Christian 1.6%), Non-religious 15%, Judaism 2.1%, Buddhism 2%, Islam 1%, Hinduism 0.4%, other 1% (mostly Unitarian Universalism, traditonal beliefs, Sikhism, Jainism, Confucianism, Taoism, etc.)

*Human Development: 0.951 (HIGH, 12th)

*Independence: July 4, 1776

*Currency: United States Dollar

{{sp1}}

Spanish

2009-01-19T18:59:26Z

75.36.135.53:

{{spanish}}
{{nav|Topic:Spanish}}
{{merge|Topic:Spanish}}

Spanish language courses are one of the most wanted units on Wikiversity. On the other side, there is no progress in course development. The following brainstorming page is trying to find a wiki way, how to develop these courses: [[Spanish/Brainstorming]].

----
This is a '''disambiguation page''' for [[w:en:Spanish language|Spanish language]] courses. It is operated by teachers from [[Topic:Spanish|Spanish Language Division]]. It offers courses and projects of Spanish for "foreign learners" (SFL), but also for "native speakers" (SNS). Courses are divided into six categories. They are numbered and they may reflect [[w:en:Common European Framework of Reference for Languages|Common European Framework of Reference for Languages]]. The exact categorization wasn’t already established. If you are not sure about your level of knowledge, you can ask one of these teachers to test you: [[Topic:Spanish/Active Participants#Spanish Language Teachers|teacher list]].

'''Important:''' note that for one level, more courses may be offered. They are about the same topic, but using different methodology.

'''Note:''' if you would like to help visit the [[Topic:Spanish|Spanish Language Divison]] and/or [[Spanish: An Introduction/Teaching tools]].

== Spanish for Native Speakers ==
* …
== Spanish for Foreign Learners ==
*'''Spanish 1 - beginners'''
**[[Spanish 1]] - Complete curriculum of Spanish for beginners.
**[[Spanish/Spanish One|Spanish One]]
***[[Spanish/Spanish One/SO-Lesson 1|Lesson 1]]
***[[Spanish/Spanish One/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]]
**[[Spanish: An Introduction]] - under construction

*'''Spanish 2 - lower-intermediate'''
**[[Spanish/Spanish Two|Spanish Two]] - not active
**[[Spanish 2]] - Developing curriculum of beginner-intermediate level Spanish.

*'''Spanish 3 - upper-intermediate'''
** …

*'''Spanish 4 - advanced'''
** …

== Projects ==
*[http://www.spanishdict.com/ Spanish to English Dictionary and Translation]
*[[Spanish/Bilingual Spanish-English Dictionary|Bilingual Spanish-English Dictionary]]
*[http://www.valodas.com/ valodas] - free cross-platform language learning software
*[http://www.livingspanish.com/ Free Online Spanish Coruses]

==Resources==
* [[Spanish/Resources/Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (audio)]]
* [[Spanish nouns]]

[[Category:Spanish Language Division]]