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Archive:Contraception

2009-05-20T17:12:03Z

76.113.119.12:

Archive:Contraception

2009-05-20T17:11:01Z

76.113.119.12:

{{underconstruction}}

The term, 'contraception' derives from the Latin 'contra', which means 'against', and the word '[[Conception_(biology)|conception]]', which is the non-technical term for fertilization. 'Contraception' may be used to refer merely to the prevention of fertilization, but it is more commonly used to refer to the means employed to avoid fertilization. When referring to a means of prevention, it is synonymous with contraceptive [[birth control]]. Any procedure or device which would keep a sperm cell from fertilizing the egg, therefore, can be considered to be contraception.

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==Contrasted with Other Birth Control==
Birth control can refer to anything which would prevent childbirth. Methods of birth control can be classified by the stage of reproduction which is achieved before the process is brought to a halt. If a form of birth control seeks to prevent the sperm from fertilizing the egg, then it is contraceptive. If fertilization has already occurred, but the form of birth control seeks to prevent the implantation of the embryo into the uterine lining, then it is a contragestive. Just as a contraception is the avoidance of conception, contragestion is the avoidance of gestation. If implantation has already occurred, but the form of birth control seeks to end gestation by terminating the pregnancy prior to birth, then it is an abortion.

* ''Contraception: prevents the sperm from fertilizing the egg
* ''Contragestion: prevents implantation after fertilization has occurred
* ''Abortion: implantation has occurred, but pregnancy is terminated before it comes to term

Because the word, 'contragestive' is a medical term which is not in common usage, there is controversy about the classification of contragestive birth control. Since both 'contraception' and 'abortion' are non-technical terms which are used in everyday speech, non-surgical birth control is usual divided into either 'contraceptives' or '[[abortifacients]]'. Those who contend that pregnancy does not begin until implantation say that since abortions are terminated pregnancies, contragestives cannot cause abortions and cannot be abortifacients. They argue, therefore that contragestives are only a form of contraception. On the other hand, those who contend that pregnancy begins at [[Conception_(biology)|conception]] argue that contragestives do terminate a pregnancy, and therefore are abortifacients.

See [[Beginning_of_pregnancy_controversy|Beginning of pregnancy controversy]]

==Contraceptive Devices==
[[Barrier contraception]] methods prevent pregnancy by physically preventing sperm from entering the uterus. A [[condom]] is a device which is put on a man's erect penis and physically blocks ejaculated semen from entering the body of a sexual partner. Condoms designed to be used by women are called female condoms. The [[female condom]] is a pouch with flexible rings at each end. The ring inside the pouch is inserted deep into the vagina, to hold the condom in place. The penis is directed into the pouch through the ring at the open end, which stays outside the vaginal opening during intercourse. The [[Diaphragm (contraceptive)|diaphragm]] is a cervical barrier composed of a soft latex or silicone dome and a spring which is molded into the rim. The spring creates a seal against the walls of the vagina.

==Chemical Contraceptives==
[[Spermicide]] is a substance that kills sperm, inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy. [[Hormonal contraception]] is birth control that acts on the hormonal system. It may cause ovulation to cease, preventing the possibility of fertilization or it may thicken the woman’s cervical mucus, making penetration of the uterus by sperm more difficult. Hormone based birth control can also alter and thin the endometrium so that a fertilized egg has difficulty implanting. Technically, if the drug works in this fashion, it acts as a contragestive rather than a contraceptive, since it has not prevented conception, acting instead to prevent gestation.

==Surgical Contraception==
Another form of contraception is [[Sterilization_(surgical_procedure)|sterilization]]. [[Vasectomy]] is a surgical procedure wherein the vasa deferentia of a man are severed, and then tied or sealed in a manner to prevent sperm from entering the [[ejaculate|seminal stream]]. [[Tubal ligation]] is a surgical procedure in which the fallopian tubes are severed and sealed or "pinched shut", in order to prevent fertilization.

==Behavioral Contraception==
[[Fertility awareness]] refers to a set of practices used to determine the fertile and infertile phases of a woman's menstrual cycle. When used as a methods to avoid pregnancy, it to is a form of contraception. When defined broadly, behavioral contraception may include abstinence. [[Abstinence]] is the voluntary restraint from indulging sexual intercourse.

==Contraception Myths==
Modern misconceptions and urban legends have given rise to a great many false claims about birth control. The stakes are high, so it is a good idea to know the facts.

The suggestion that douching with any substance immediately following intercourse works as a contraceptive is untrue. While it may seem like a sensible idea to try to wash the ejaculate out of the vagina, it is not likely to be effective. Due to the nature of the fluids and the structure of the female reproductive tract, douching most likely actually spreads semen further towards the uterus. Some slight spermicidal effect may occur if the douche solution is particularly acidic, but overall it is not scientifically observed to be a reliably effective method.

It is untrue that a female cannot become pregnant the first time she engages in sexual intercourse. A woman's chances for becoming pregnant are always the same, about 1 out of 20 -- even if it is her first time. A female can become pregnant any time after she begins to ovulate. While women are usually less fertile for the first few days of menstruation, it is a myth that a woman absolutely cannot get pregnant if she has sex during her period. Having sex in a hot tub does not prevent pregnancy, but may contribute to vaginal infections.

Although some sex positions may encourage pregnancy, no sexual positions prevent pregnancy. Having sex while standing up or with a woman on top will not keep the sperm from entering the uterus. The force of ejaculation, the contractions of the uterus caused by prostaglandins in the semen, as well as ability of sperm to swim overrides gravity. Urinating after sex does not prevent pregnancy and is not a form of birth control, although it is often advised anyway to help prevent urinary tract infections.

Toothpaste cannot be used as an effective contraceptive. Neither can saran wrap or a balloon, used instead of a condom. Pregnancy can not be prevented by sneezing, coughing, jumping up and down or placing seeds in the vagina Placing objects, such as seeds or plants into the vagina before, during, or after sex can be harmful to the female's body. Preventing an orgasm will not prevent pregnancy. Some women believe that if they don't allow themselves to climax during sex, they will not get pregnant. Pleasure has nothing to do with birth control - whether or not you enjoy sex, with or without an orgasm, you can still get pregnant. It is not true that a woman is only fertile one day a month. While a woman's cycle is more or less regular at most times, this balance of hormones can be disrupted by various factors, including age, stress, and medications. Pinpointing the time of ovulation and predicting any "safe" days can be difficult and risky.<ref name="VeryTogether: Contraception Myths">{{cite web|url=http://verytogether.com/love/sex/contraception-myths-and-urban-legends.html|title= Contraception Myths|publisher= Published by [http://verytogether.com VeryTogether.com] Published April 27, 2009|accessdate=2009-05-20}}</ref>

==Other==
===Contraceptive Sponge===
The [[contraceptive sponge]] combines barrier and spermicidal methods to prevent conception. The sponges are inserted vaginally prior to intercourse and must be placed over the cervix to be effective. Sponges are a physical barrier, trapping sperm and preventing their passage through the cervix into the female reproductive system. The spermicide is an important component of pregnancy prevention; each brand offers a different formula.

===Non-Surgical Sterilization===
====Essure====
[[Essure]] Essure is a permanent sterilization procedure for women. Micro-inserts are placed into the fallopian tubes by a catheter passed from the vagina through the cervix and uterus. Once in place, the device is designed to elicit tissue growth (scarring) in and around the micro-insert to form over a period of 3 months an occlusion or blockage in the fallopian tubes; the tissue barrier formed prevents sperm from reaching an egg.

====Quinacrine====
The drug [[quinacrine]] has been researched for non-surgical sterilization of women. Pellets of quinacrine are inserted through the cervix into a woman's uterine cavity using a preloaded inserter device. The procedure is undertaken twice, first in the proliferative phase, 6 to 12 days following the first day of the menstrual cycle and again one month later. The sclerosing effects of the drugs at the utero-tubal junctions (where the Fallopian tubes enter the uterus) results in scar tissue forming over a six week interval to close off the tubes permanently.

===Emergency Contraception===
[[Emergency contraception]] refers to contraceptive measures that, if taken after sex, may prevent pregnancy. As is the case with hormone based birth control, emergency contraception refers to some forms of birth control which are technically contragestives.

===Male Contraceptive===
Any agent which interfere with male fertility may be classified as a [[male contraceptive]].

Archive:List of films aired on Nickelodeon

2009-03-12T04:02:58Z

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This is a list of movies aired on the [[cable network]] [[Nickelodeon (TV channel)|Nickelodeon]].

==2000s==
===2000===
# ''[[Kenan and Kel]] - [[Two Heads Are Better Than None]]'' ([[July 22]], [[2000]])
# ''[[CatDog: The Great Parent Mystery]]'' ([[August 26]], [[2000]])
# ''Cry Baby Lane'' ([[October 28]], [[2000]])

===2001===
# ''As Told By Ginger: [[Summer of Camp Caprice]]'' ([[July 7]], [[2001]])
# ''[[List of The Wild Thornberrys episodes|Origin of Donnie]]'' ([[August 18]], [[2001]])

===2002===
# ''[[Rocket Power: Race Across New Zealand]]'' ([[February 16]], [[2002]])

===2003===

# ''[[Maniac Magee]]'' ([[February 23]], [[2003]])
# ''Jimmy Neutron: [[List of The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius episodes|The Eggpire Strikes Back]]'' ([[April 25]], [[2003]])
# ''The Fairly Oddparents: [[Abra-Catastrophe]]!'' ([[July 12]], [[2003]])
# ''As Told By Ginger: [[List of As Told by Ginger episodes|Far From Home]]'' ([[August 9]], [[2003]])
# ''Jimmy Neutron: [[List of The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius episodes|Rescue Jet Fusion]]'' ([[October 13]], [[2003]])

===2004===
# ''[[The Jimmy Timmy Power Hour]]'' ([[May 7]], [[2004]])
# ''As Told By Ginger: [[Butterflies Are Free]]'' ([[June 11]], [[2004]])
# ''All Grown Up!: [[Interview With A Campfire]]'' ([[June 25]], [[2004]])
# ''Jimmy Neutron: [[List of The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius episodes|Win, Lose, and Kaboom]]'' ([[July 9]], [[2004]])
# ''[[Rocket Power: Island of the Menehune]]'' ([[July 16]] [[2004]])
# ''The Fairly Oddparents: [[Channel Chasers]]'' ([[July 23]], [[2004]])
# ''[[Rocket Power: The Big Day]]'' ([[July 30]], [[2004]])
# ''As Told By Ginger: [[The Wedding Frame]]'' ([[2004]], Direct-to-video)

===2005===
# ''The Fairly Oddparents: [[School's Out! The Musical]]'' ([[June 10]], [[2005]])
# ''Jimmy Neutron: [[The League of Villains]]'' ([[June 18]], [[2005]])
# ''All Grown Up!: [[Dude, Where's My Horse?]]'' ([[July 16]], [[2005]])
# ''Danny Phantom: [[Reign Storm]]'' ([[July 29]], [[2005]])
# ''My Life as a Teenage Robot: [[Escape from Cluster Prime]]'' ([[August 12]], [[2005]])
# ''Danny Phantom: [[The Ultimate Enemy]]'' ([[September 16]], [[2005]])
# ''All Grown Up! [[R.V. Having Fun Yet?]]'' ([[October 10]], [[2005]])

===2006===
# ''[[Drake and Josh Go Hollywood]]'' ([[January 6]], [[2006]])
# ''[[The Jimmy Timmy Power Hour 2: When Nerds Collide]]'' ([[January 16]], [[2006]])
# ''[[Zoey 101: Spring Break-Up]]'' ([[March 10]], [[2006]])
# ''Fairly Oddparents: [[Fairy Idol]]'' ([[May 19]], [[2006]])
# ''Danny Phantom: [[Reality Trip]]'' ([[June 9]], [[2006]])
# ''The X's: [[List of The X's Episodes|Truman X: Super Villain]]'' ([[June 16]], [[2006]])
# ''Avatar: The Fury of Aang: [[The Library]] and [[The Desert]]'' ([[July 14]], [[2006]])
# ''[[The Jimmy Timmy Power Hour 3: The Jerkinators]]'' ([[July 21]], [[2006]])
# ''Romeo!: [[List of Romeo! episodes|Ro' Trip]]'' ([[July 23]], [[2006]])
# ''Avatar: Secret of The Fire Nation: [[The Serpent's Pass]] and [[The Drill]]'' ([[September 15]], [[2006]])
# ''[[Unfabulous: The Perfect Moment]]'' ([[October 7]], [[2006]])

===2007===
# ''[[The Bare Brothers Band (film)]]'' ([[January 27]], [[2007]])
# ''[[Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide]]: Field Trip'' ([[June 9]], [[2007]])
# ''[[Shredderman Rules]]'' ([[June 10]], [[2007]])
# ''[[The Last Day of Summer (film)|The Last Day of Summer]]'' ([[July 20]], [[2007]])
# ''[[Drake & Josh: Really Big Shrimp]]'' ([[August 3]], [[2007]])
# ''[[Go, Diego, Go!]]: The Great Dinosaur Rescue'' ([[August 17]], [[2007]])
# ''Danny Phantom: [[List of Danny Phantom episodes|Phantom Planet]]'' ([[August 24]], [[2007]])
# ''[[The Naked Brothers Band: Battle of the Bands]]'' ([[October 7]], [[2007]])
# ''[[Zoey 101: The Curse of PCA]]'' ([[October 13]], [[2007]])
# ''[[Roxy Hunter and the Mystery of the Moody Ghost]]'' ([[October 30]], [[2007]])
# ''SpongeBob SquarePants: [[SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis]]'' ([[November 12]], [[2007]])
# ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender]]: [[List of Avatar: The Last Airbender episodes|The Day of Black Sun]]'' ([[November 30]], [[2007]])
# '' [[Unfabulous]] The Best Trip Ever ([[December 16]], [[2007]])

===2008===
# ''[[Zoey 101: Goodbye Zoey?]]'' ([[January 4]], [[2008]])
# ''[[The Naked Brothers Band: Sidekicks]]'' ([[January 21]], [[2008]])
# ''[[Roxy Hunter and the Secret of the Shaman]]'' ([[February 1]], [[2008]])
# ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]: [[Fairly OddBaby]]'' ([[February 18]], [[2008]])
# ''[[Zoey 101: Chasing Zoey]]'' ([[May 2]], [[2008]])
# ''[[The Naked Brothers Band: Polar Bears]]'' ([[June 6]], [[2008]])
# ''[[H2O: Just Add Water|H<sub>2</sub>O]] Movie Exposed: Dr Danger & A Twist in the Tail'' ([[June 20]], [[2008]])
# ''[[Roxy Hunter and the Myth of the Mermaid]]'' ([[July 13]], [[2008]])
# ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender]]: The Boling Rock- Parts 1 & 2'' ([[July 16]] - [[July 17|17]], [[2008]])
# ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender]]: [[Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle]]'' ([[July 19]], [[2008]])
# ''[[Gym Teacher: The Movie]]'' ([[September 12]], [[2008]])
# ''[[Naked Brothers Band: Mystery Girl]]'' ([[October 18]], [[2008]])
# ''[[Roxy Hunter and the Horrific Halloween]]'' ([[October 31]], [[2008]]) (''[[The N]]'')
# ''[[iCarly: iGo to Japan]]'' ([[November 8]], [[2008]])
# ''[[Tak and the Power of Juju (TV series)|Tak and the Power of Juju]]'': Destiny Schmestiny ([[November 15]], [[2008]])
# ''[[The Naked Brothers Band: Operation Mojo]]'' ([[November 22]],[[2008]])
# ''[[Back at the Barnyard]]: Cowman: The Uddered Avenger'' ([[November 29]],[[2008]])
# ''[[Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh]]'' ([[December 5]], [[2008]])

===2009===
# ''[[Spectacular!]]'' ([[February 16]], [[2009]])

== Non-Nickelodeon TV Movies ==
# ''Virtual Mom''
# ''[[Sabrina Goes to Rome]]''

== Broadcasted Movies ==
===Nickelodeon Movies===
# ''[[Good Burger]]''
# ''[[The Rugrats Movie]]''
# ''[[Rugrats in Paris: The Movie]]''
# ''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]''
# ''[[Hey Arnold! The Movie]]''
# ''[[The Wild Thornberrys Movie]]''
# ''[[Rugrats Go Wild]]''
# ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'' - [[November 10]], [[2006]]
# ''[[Barnyard: The Original Party Animals]]'' - [[January 19]], [[2009]]