IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]

Phosphate buffered saline

2009-03-03T17:27:09Z

81.228.154.54:

'''Phosphate buffered saline''' (abbreviated PBS) is a [[buffer solution]] commonly used in [[biology | biological research]]. It is a salty solution containing [[sodium chloride]], [[sodium phosphate]], and (in some formulations) [[potassium chloride]] and [[potassium phosphate]]. The buffer helps to maintain a constant [[pH]]. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of the solution usually match those of the human body ([[isotonic]]).

==Applications==
PBS has many uses because it is isotonic and non-toxic to cells. It can be used to dilute substances. It is used to rinse containers containing cells. PBS can be used as a diluent in methods to dry biomolecules, as water molecules within it will be structured around the substance (protein, for example) to be 'dried' and immobilized to a solid surface {{fact|date=April 2008}}. The thin film of water that binds to the substance prevents [[Denaturation_%28biochemistry%29 | denaturation]] or other conformational changes. Carbonate buffers may be used for the same purpose but with less effectiveness {{fact|date=April 2008}}. PBS can be used to take a reference spectrum when measuring the protein adsorption in ellipsometry {{fact|date=April 2008}}.

Additives can be used to add function. For example, PBS with [[EDTA]] is also used to disengage attached and clumped cells. Divalent [[metals]] such as [[zinc]], however, cannot be added as this will result in precipitation. For these types of applications, [[Good's buffers]] are recommended.

==Preparation==
There are many different ways to prepare PBS. Some formulations do not contain potassium, while others contain calcium or magnesium<ref>Dulbecco, R. et al. (1954): ''Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis viruses''. In: ''J. Exp. Med.'' vol. 99 (2), pp. 167-182. PMID 13130792</ref>. One of the most common preparations is described below.

The simplest way to prepare a PBS solution is to use PBS buffer tablets. They are formulated to give a ready to use PBS solution upon dissolution in a specified quantity of distilled water. They are available in the standard volumes: 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ml <ref>[http://www.medicago.se/_filer/PBS28-eng.pdf Medicago AB, (2003) Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4 specification sheet]</ref>.

A 10 liter stock of 10x PBS can be prepared by dissolving 800 g NaCl, 20 g KCl, 144 g Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and 24 g KH2PO4 in 8 L of distilled water, and topping up to 10 L. The pH is ~6.8, but when diluted to 1x PBS it should change to 7.4. When making buffer solutions, it is good practice to always measure the pH directly using a [[pH meter]]. If necessary, pH can be adjusted using [[hydrochloric acid]] or [[sodium hydroxide]].
On dilution, the resultant 1x PBS should have a final concentration of 137 mM NaCl, 10 mM Phosphate, 2.7 mM KCl, and a pH of 7.4.

Another preparation is described in Molecular Cloning by Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis, Apendix B.12<ref>Sambrook, Fritsch, and Maniatis (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, volume 3, appendix B.12</ref> as follows:

For 1 litre of Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS buffer) use:
- Dissolve in 800 ml of distilled H2O:
- 8 g of NaCl
- 0.2 g of KCl
- 1.44 g of Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and
- 0.24 g of KH2PO4.
- Adjust the pH to 7.4 with HCl.
- Add H2O to 1 liter.

Dispense the solution into aliquots and sterilize them by autoclaving (20 min, 121°C, liquid cycle).
Store at room temperature.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

[[Category:Buffers]]

{{biochem-stub}}

[[de:PBS-Puffer]]
[[fr:Tampon phosphate salin]]
[[he:PBS (ביוכימיה)]]
[[ja:リン酸緩衝生理食塩水]]
[[pt:Tampão fosfato-salino]]

Phosphate buffered saline

2009-03-03T16:52:17Z

81.228.154.54: /* Preparation */

'''Phosphate buffered saline''' (abbreviated PBS) is a [[buffer solution]] commonly used in [[biology | biological research]]. It is a salty solution containing [[sodium chloride]], [[sodium phosphate]], and (in some formulations) [[potassium chloride]] and [[potassium phosphate]]. The buffer helps to maintain a constant [[pH]]. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of the solution usually match those of the human body ([[isotonic]]).

==Applications==
PBS has many uses because it is isotonic and non-toxic to cells. It can be used to dilute substances. It is used to rinse containers containing cells. PBS can be used as a diluent in methods to dry biomolecules, as water molecules within it will be structured around the substance (protein, for example) to be 'dried' and immobilized to a solid surface {{fact|date=April 2008}}. The thin film of water that binds to the substance prevents [[Denaturation_%28biochemistry%29 | denaturation]] or other conformational changes. Carbonate buffers may be used for the same purpose but with less effectiveness {{fact|date=April 2008}}. PBS can be used to take a reference spectrum when measuring the protein adsorption in ellipsometry {{fact|date=April 2008}}.

Additives can be used to add function. For example, PBS with [[EDTA]] is also used to disengage attached and clumped cells. Divalent [[metals]] such as [[zinc]], however, cannot be added as this will result in precipitation. For these types of applications, [[Good's buffers]] are recommended.

==Preparation==
There are many different ways to prepare PBS. Some formulations do not contain potassium, while others contain calcium or magnesium<ref>Dulbecco, R. et al. (1954): ''Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis viruses''. In: ''J. Exp. Med.'' vol. 99 (2), pp. 167-182. PMID 13130792</ref>. One of the most common preparations is described below.

The simplest way to prepare a PBS solution is to use PBS buffer tablets. They are formulated to give a ready to use PBS solution upon dissolution in a specified quantity of distilled water. They are available in the standard volumes: 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ml <ref> Medicago AB, (2001) Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4 specification sheet http://www.medicago.se/_filer/PBS28-eng.pdf </ref>.

A 10 liter stock of 10x PBS can be prepared by dissolving 800 g NaCl, 20 g KCl, 144 g Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and 24 g KH2PO4 in 8 L of distilled water, and topping up to 10 L. The pH is ~6.8, but when diluted to 1x PBS it should change to 7.4. When making buffer solutions, it is good practice to always measure the pH directly using a [[pH meter]]. If necessary, pH can be adjusted using [[hydrochloric acid]] or [[sodium hydroxide]].
On dilution, the resultant 1x PBS should have a final concentration of 137 mM NaCl, 10 mM Phosphate, 2.7 mM KCl, and a pH of 7.4.

Another preparation is described in Molecular Cloning by Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis, Apendix B.12<ref>Sambrook, Fritsch, and Maniatis (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, volume 3, appendix B.12</ref> as follows:

For 1 litre of Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS buffer) use:
- Dissolve in 800 ml of distilled H2O:
- 8 g of NaCl
- 0.2 g of KCl
- 1.44 g of Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and
- 0.24 g of KH2PO4.
- Adjust the pH to 7.4 with HCl.
- Add H2O to 1 liter.

Dispense the solution into aliquots and sterilize them by autoclaving (20 min, 121°C, liquid cycle).
Store at room temperature.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

[[Category:Buffers]]

{{biochem-stub}}

[[de:PBS-Puffer]]
[[fr:Tampon phosphate salin]]
[[he:PBS (ביוכימיה)]]
[[ja:リン酸緩衝生理食塩水]]
[[pt:Tampão fosfato-salino]]

Phosphate buffered saline

2009-03-03T16:49:33Z

81.228.154.54: /* Preparation */

'''Phosphate buffered saline''' (abbreviated PBS) is a [[buffer solution]] commonly used in [[biology | biological research]]. It is a salty solution containing [[sodium chloride]], [[sodium phosphate]], and (in some formulations) [[potassium chloride]] and [[potassium phosphate]]. The buffer helps to maintain a constant [[pH]]. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of the solution usually match those of the human body ([[isotonic]]).

==Applications==
PBS has many uses because it is isotonic and non-toxic to cells. It can be used to dilute substances. It is used to rinse containers containing cells. PBS can be used as a diluent in methods to dry biomolecules, as water molecules within it will be structured around the substance (protein, for example) to be 'dried' and immobilized to a solid surface {{fact|date=April 2008}}. The thin film of water that binds to the substance prevents [[Denaturation_%28biochemistry%29 | denaturation]] or other conformational changes. Carbonate buffers may be used for the same purpose but with less effectiveness {{fact|date=April 2008}}. PBS can be used to take a reference spectrum when measuring the protein adsorption in ellipsometry {{fact|date=April 2008}}.

Additives can be used to add function. For example, PBS with [[EDTA]] is also used to disengage attached and clumped cells. Divalent [[metals]] such as [[zinc]], however, cannot be added as this will result in precipitation. For these types of applications, [[Good's buffers]] are recommended.

==Preparation==
There are many different ways to prepare PBS. Some formulations do not contain potassium, while others contain calcium or magnesium<ref>Dulbecco, R. et al. (1954): ''Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis viruses''. In: ''J. Exp. Med.'' vol. 99 (2), pp. 167-182. PMID 13130792</ref>. One of the most common preparations is described below.

The simplest way to prepare a PBS solution is to use PBS buffer tablets. They are formulated to give a ready to use PBS solution upon dissolution in a specified quantity of distilled water. They are available in the standard volumes: 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ml <ref> Medicago AB, Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4 specification sheet http://www.medicago.se/_filer/PBS28-eng.pdf </ref>.

A 10 liter stock of 10x PBS can be prepared by dissolving 800 g NaCl, 20 g KCl, 144 g Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and 24 g KH2PO4 in 8 L of distilled water, and topping up to 10 L. The pH is ~6.8, but when diluted to 1x PBS it should change to 7.4. When making buffer solutions, it is good practice to always measure the pH directly using a [[pH meter]]. If necessary, pH can be adjusted using [[hydrochloric acid]] or [[sodium hydroxide]].
On dilution, the resultant 1x PBS should have a final concentration of 137 mM NaCl, 10 mM Phosphate, 2.7 mM KCl, and a pH of 7.4.

Another preparation is described in Molecular Cloning by Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis, Apendix B.12<ref>Sambrook, Fritsch, and Maniatis (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, volume 3, appendix B.12</ref> as follows:

For 1 litre of Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS buffer) use:
- Dissolve in 800 ml of distilled H2O:
- 8 g of NaCl
- 0.2 g of KCl
- 1.44 g of Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and
- 0.24 g of KH2PO4.
- Adjust the pH to 7.4 with HCl.
- Add H2O to 1 liter.

Dispense the solution into aliquots and sterilize them by autoclaving (20 min, 121°C, liquid cycle).
Store at room temperature.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

[[Category:Buffers]]

{{biochem-stub}}

[[de:PBS-Puffer]]
[[fr:Tampon phosphate salin]]
[[he:PBS (ביוכימיה)]]
[[ja:リン酸緩衝生理食塩水]]
[[pt:Tampão fosfato-salino]]

Phosphate buffered saline

2009-03-03T16:44:33Z

81.228.154.54: /* Preparation */

'''Phosphate buffered saline''' (abbreviated PBS) is a [[buffer solution]] commonly used in [[biology | biological research]]. It is a salty solution containing [[sodium chloride]], [[sodium phosphate]], and (in some formulations) [[potassium chloride]] and [[potassium phosphate]]. The buffer helps to maintain a constant [[pH]]. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of the solution usually match those of the human body ([[isotonic]]).

==Applications==
PBS has many uses because it is isotonic and non-toxic to cells. It can be used to dilute substances. It is used to rinse containers containing cells. PBS can be used as a diluent in methods to dry biomolecules, as water molecules within it will be structured around the substance (protein, for example) to be 'dried' and immobilized to a solid surface {{fact|date=April 2008}}. The thin film of water that binds to the substance prevents [[Denaturation_%28biochemistry%29 | denaturation]] or other conformational changes. Carbonate buffers may be used for the same purpose but with less effectiveness {{fact|date=April 2008}}. PBS can be used to take a reference spectrum when measuring the protein adsorption in ellipsometry {{fact|date=April 2008}}.

Additives can be used to add function. For example, PBS with [[EDTA]] is also used to disengage attached and clumped cells. Divalent [[metals]] such as [[zinc]], however, cannot be added as this will result in precipitation. For these types of applications, [[Good's buffers]] are recommended.

==Preparation==
There are many different ways to prepare PBS. Some formulations do not contain potassium, while others contain calcium or magnesium<ref>Dulbecco, R. et al. (1954): ''Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis viruses''. In: ''J. Exp. Med.'' vol. 99 (2), pp. 167-182. PMID 13130792</ref>. One of the most common preparations is described below.

The simplest way to prepare a PBS solution is to use PBS buffer tablets. They are formulated to give a ready to use PBS solution upon dissolution in a specified quantity of distilled water. They are available in the standard volumes: 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ml <ref> Medicago AB, http://www.medicago.se/_filer/PBS28-eng.pdf </ref>.

A 10 liter stock of 10x PBS can be prepared by dissolving 800 g NaCl, 20 g KCl, 144 g Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and 24 g KH2PO4 in 8 L of distilled water, and topping up to 10 L. The pH is ~6.8, but when diluted to 1x PBS it should change to 7.4. When making buffer solutions, it is good practice to always measure the pH directly using a [[pH meter]]. If necessary, pH can be adjusted using [[hydrochloric acid]] or [[sodium hydroxide]].
On dilution, the resultant 1x PBS should have a final concentration of 137 mM NaCl, 10 mM Phosphate, 2.7 mM KCl, and a pH of 7.4.

Another preparation is described in Molecular Cloning by Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis, Apendix B.12<ref>Sambrook, Fritsch, and Maniatis (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, volume 3, appendix B.12</ref> as follows:

For 1 litre of Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS buffer) use:
- Dissolve in 800 ml of distilled H2O:
- 8 g of NaCl
- 0.2 g of KCl
- 1.44 g of Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and
- 0.24 g of KH2PO4.
- Adjust the pH to 7.4 with HCl.
- Add H2O to 1 liter.

Dispense the solution into aliquots and sterilize them by autoclaving (20 min, 121°C, liquid cycle).
Store at room temperature.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

[[Category:Buffers]]

{{biochem-stub}}

[[de:PBS-Puffer]]
[[fr:Tampon phosphate salin]]
[[he:PBS (ביוכימיה)]]
[[ja:リン酸緩衝生理食塩水]]
[[pt:Tampão fosfato-salino]]

Phosphate buffered saline

2009-03-03T16:40:34Z

81.228.154.54: /* Preparation */

'''Phosphate buffered saline''' (abbreviated PBS) is a [[buffer solution]] commonly used in [[biology | biological research]]. It is a salty solution containing [[sodium chloride]], [[sodium phosphate]], and (in some formulations) [[potassium chloride]] and [[potassium phosphate]]. The buffer helps to maintain a constant [[pH]]. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of the solution usually match those of the human body ([[isotonic]]).

==Applications==
PBS has many uses because it is isotonic and non-toxic to cells. It can be used to dilute substances. It is used to rinse containers containing cells. PBS can be used as a diluent in methods to dry biomolecules, as water molecules within it will be structured around the substance (protein, for example) to be 'dried' and immobilized to a solid surface {{fact|date=April 2008}}. The thin film of water that binds to the substance prevents [[Denaturation_%28biochemistry%29 | denaturation]] or other conformational changes. Carbonate buffers may be used for the same purpose but with less effectiveness {{fact|date=April 2008}}. PBS can be used to take a reference spectrum when measuring the protein adsorption in ellipsometry {{fact|date=April 2008}}.

Additives can be used to add function. For example, PBS with [[EDTA]] is also used to disengage attached and clumped cells. Divalent [[metals]] such as [[zinc]], however, cannot be added as this will result in precipitation. For these types of applications, [[Good's buffers]] are recommended.

==Preparation==
There are many different ways to prepare PBS. Some formulations do not contain potassium, while others contain calcium or magnesium<ref>Dulbecco, R. et al. (1954): ''Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis viruses''. In: ''J. Exp. Med.'' vol. 99 (2), pp. 167-182. PMID 13130792</ref>. One of the most common preparations is described below.

The simpliest way to prepare a PBS solution is to use PBS buffer tablets. They are formulated to give a ready to use PBS solution upon dissolution in a specified quantity of distilled water. They are available in the standard volumes: 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ml <ref> Medicago AB, http://www.medicago.se/_filer/PBS28-eng.pdf </ref>.

A 10 liter stock of 10x PBS can be prepared by dissolving 800 g NaCl, 20 g KCl, 144 g Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and 24 g KH2PO4 in 8 L of distilled water, and topping up to 10 L. The pH is ~6.8, but when diluted to 1x PBS it should change to 7.4. When making buffer solutions, it is good practice to always measure the pH directly using a [[pH meter]]. If necessary, pH can be adjusted using [[hydrochloric acid]] or [[sodium hydroxide]].
On dilution, the resultant 1x PBS should have a final concentration of 137 mM NaCl, 10 mM Phosphate, 2.7 mM KCl, and a pH of 7.4.

Another preparation is described in Molecular Cloning by Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis, Apendix B.12<ref>Sambrook, Fritsch, and Maniatis (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, volume 3, appendix B.12</ref> as follows:

For 1 litre of Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS buffer) use:
- Dissolve in 800 ml of distilled H2O:
- 8 g of NaCl
- 0.2 g of KCl
- 1.44 g of Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and
- 0.24 g of KH2PO4.
- Adjust the pH to 7.4 with HCl.
- Add H2O to 1 liter.

Dispense the solution into aliquots and sterilize them by autoclaving (20 min, 121°C, liquid cycle).
Store at room temperature.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

[[Category:Buffers]]

{{biochem-stub}}

[[de:PBS-Puffer]]
[[fr:Tampon phosphate salin]]
[[he:PBS (ביוכימיה)]]
[[ja:リン酸緩衝生理食塩水]]
[[pt:Tampão fosfato-salino]]

Phosphate buffered saline

2009-03-03T16:20:17Z

81.228.154.54: /* Preparation */

'''Phosphate buffered saline''' (abbreviated PBS) is a [[buffer solution]] commonly used in [[biology | biological research]]. It is a salty solution containing [[sodium chloride]], [[sodium phosphate]], and (in some formulations) [[potassium chloride]] and [[potassium phosphate]]. The buffer helps to maintain a constant [[pH]]. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of the solution usually match those of the human body ([[isotonic]]).

==Applications==
PBS has many uses because it is isotonic and non-toxic to cells. It can be used to dilute substances. It is used to rinse containers containing cells. PBS can be used as a diluent in methods to dry biomolecules, as water molecules within it will be structured around the substance (protein, for example) to be 'dried' and immobilized to a solid surface {{fact|date=April 2008}}. The thin film of water that binds to the substance prevents [[Denaturation_%28biochemistry%29 | denaturation]] or other conformational changes. Carbonate buffers may be used for the same purpose but with less effectiveness {{fact|date=April 2008}}. PBS can be used to take a reference spectrum when measuring the protein adsorption in ellipsometry {{fact|date=April 2008}}.

Additives can be used to add function. For example, PBS with [[EDTA]] is also used to disengage attached and clumped cells. Divalent [[metals]] such as [[zinc]], however, cannot be added as this will result in precipitation. For these types of applications, [[Good's buffers]] are recommended.

==Preparation==
There are many different ways to prepare PBS. Some formulations do not contain potassium, while others contain calcium or magnesium<ref>Dulbecco, R. et al. (1954): ''Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis viruses''. In: ''J. Exp. Med.'' vol. 99 (2), pp. 167-182. PMID 13130792</ref>. One of the most common preparations is described below.

The simpliest way to prepare a PBS solution is to use PBS buffer tablets. They are formulated to give a ready to use PBS solution upon dissolution in a specified quantity of distilled water. They are available in the standard volumes: 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ml <ref> Medicago AB, http://www.medicago.se/_filer/PBS28-eng.pdf </ref>.

A 10 liter stock of 10x PBS can be prepared by dissolving 800 g NaCl, 20 g KCl, 144 g Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and 24 g KH2PO4 in 8 L of distilled water, and topping up to 10 L. The pH is ~6.8, but when diluted to 1x PBS it should change to 7.4. When making buffer solutions, it is good practice to always measure the pH directly using a [[pH meter]]. If necessary, pH can be adjusted using [[hydrochloric acid]] or [[sodium hydroxide]].
On dilution, the resultant 1x PBS should have a final concentration of 140 mM NaCl, 10 mM Phosphate, 2.7 mM KCl, and a pH of 7.4.

Another preparation is described in Molecular Cloning by Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis, Apendix B.12<ref>Sambrook, Fritsch, and Maniatis (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, volume 3, appendix B.12</ref> as follows:

For 1 litre of Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS buffer) use:
- Dissolve in 800 ml of distilled H2O:
- 8 g of NaCl
- 0.2 g of KCl
- 1.44 g of Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and
- 0.24 g of KH2PO4.
- Adjust the pH to 7.4 with HCl.
- Add H2O to 1 liter.

Dispense the solution into aliquots and sterilize them by autoclaving (20 min, 121°C, liquid cycle).
Store at room temperature.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

[[Category:Buffers]]

{{biochem-stub}}

[[de:PBS-Puffer]]
[[fr:Tampon phosphate salin]]
[[he:PBS (ביוכימיה)]]
[[ja:リン酸緩衝生理食塩水]]
[[pt:Tampão fosfato-salino]]

Phosphate buffered saline

2009-03-03T16:18:45Z

81.228.154.54: /* Preparation */

'''Phosphate buffered saline''' (abbreviated PBS) is a [[buffer solution]] commonly used in [[biology | biological research]]. It is a salty solution containing [[sodium chloride]], [[sodium phosphate]], and (in some formulations) [[potassium chloride]] and [[potassium phosphate]]. The buffer helps to maintain a constant [[pH]]. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of the solution usually match those of the human body ([[isotonic]]).

==Applications==
PBS has many uses because it is isotonic and non-toxic to cells. It can be used to dilute substances. It is used to rinse containers containing cells. PBS can be used as a diluent in methods to dry biomolecules, as water molecules within it will be structured around the substance (protein, for example) to be 'dried' and immobilized to a solid surface {{fact|date=April 2008}}. The thin film of water that binds to the substance prevents [[Denaturation_%28biochemistry%29 | denaturation]] or other conformational changes. Carbonate buffers may be used for the same purpose but with less effectiveness {{fact|date=April 2008}}. PBS can be used to take a reference spectrum when measuring the protein adsorption in ellipsometry {{fact|date=April 2008}}.

Additives can be used to add function. For example, PBS with [[EDTA]] is also used to disengage attached and clumped cells. Divalent [[metals]] such as [[zinc]], however, cannot be added as this will result in precipitation. For these types of applications, [[Good's buffers]] are recommended.

==Preparation==
There are many different ways to prepare PBS. Some formulations do not contain potassium, while others contain calcium or magnesium<ref>Dulbecco, R. et al. (1954): ''Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis viruses''. In: ''J. Exp. Med.'' vol. 99 (2), pp. 167-182. PMID 13130792</ref>. One of the most common preparations is described below.

The simpliest way to prepare a PBS solution is to use PBS buffer tablets. They are formulated to give a ready to use PBS solution upon dissolution in a specified quantity of distilled water. They are available in the standard volumes: 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ml <ref> Medicago http://www.medicago.se/_filer/PBS28-eng.pdf </ref>.

A 10 liter stock of 10x PBS can be prepared by dissolving 800 g NaCl, 20 g KCl, 144 g Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and 24 g KH2PO4 in 8 L of distilled water, and topping up to 10 L. The pH is ~6.8, but when diluted to 1x PBS it should change to 7.4. When making buffer solutions, it is good practice to always measure the pH directly using a [[pH meter]]. If necessary, pH can be adjusted using [[hydrochloric acid]] or [[sodium hydroxide]].
On dilution, the resultant 1x PBS should have a final concentration of 140 mM NaCl, 10 mM Phosphate, 2.7 mM KCl, and a pH of 7.4.

Another preparation is described in Molecular Cloning by Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis, Apendix B.12<ref>Sambrook, Fritsch, and Maniatis (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, volume 3, appendix B.12</ref> as follows:

For 1 litre of Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS buffer) use:
- Dissolve in 800 ml of distilled H2O:
- 8 g of NaCl
- 0.2 g of KCl
- 1.44 g of Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and
- 0.24 g of KH2PO4.
- Adjust the pH to 7.4 with HCl.
- Add H2O to 1 liter.

Dispense the solution into aliquots and sterilize them by autoclaving (20 min, 121°C, liquid cycle).
Store at room temperature.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

[[Category:Buffers]]

{{biochem-stub}}

[[de:PBS-Puffer]]
[[fr:Tampon phosphate salin]]
[[he:PBS (ביוכימיה)]]
[[ja:リン酸緩衝生理食塩水]]
[[pt:Tampão fosfato-salino]]

Phosphate buffered saline

2009-03-03T16:12:33Z

81.228.154.54: /* Preparation */

'''Phosphate buffered saline''' (abbreviated PBS) is a [[buffer solution]] commonly used in [[biology | biological research]]. It is a salty solution containing [[sodium chloride]], [[sodium phosphate]], and (in some formulations) [[potassium chloride]] and [[potassium phosphate]]. The buffer helps to maintain a constant [[pH]]. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of the solution usually match those of the human body ([[isotonic]]).

==Applications==
PBS has many uses because it is isotonic and non-toxic to cells. It can be used to dilute substances. It is used to rinse containers containing cells. PBS can be used as a diluent in methods to dry biomolecules, as water molecules within it will be structured around the substance (protein, for example) to be 'dried' and immobilized to a solid surface {{fact|date=April 2008}}. The thin film of water that binds to the substance prevents [[Denaturation_%28biochemistry%29 | denaturation]] or other conformational changes. Carbonate buffers may be used for the same purpose but with less effectiveness {{fact|date=April 2008}}. PBS can be used to take a reference spectrum when measuring the protein adsorption in ellipsometry {{fact|date=April 2008}}.

Additives can be used to add function. For example, PBS with [[EDTA]] is also used to disengage attached and clumped cells. Divalent [[metals]] such as [[zinc]], however, cannot be added as this will result in precipitation. For these types of applications, [[Good's buffers]] are recommended.

==Preparation==
There are many different ways to prepare PBS. Some formulations do not contain potassium, while others contain calcium or magnesium<ref>Dulbecco, R. et al. (1954): ''Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis viruses''. In: ''J. Exp. Med.'' vol. 99 (2), pp. 167-182. PMID 13130792</ref>. One of the most common preparations is described below.

The simpliest way to prepare a PBS solution is to use PBS buffer tablets. They are formulated to give a ready to use PBS solution upon dissolution in a specified quantity of distilled water. They are available in the standard volumes: 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ml

A 10 liter stock of 10x PBS can be prepared by dissolving 800 g NaCl, 20 g KCl, 144 g Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and 24 g KH2PO4 in 8 L of distilled water, and topping up to 10 L. The pH is ~6.8, but when diluted to 1x PBS it should change to 7.4. When making buffer solutions, it is good practice to always measure the pH directly using a [[pH meter]]. If necessary, pH can be adjusted using [[hydrochloric acid]] or [[sodium hydroxide]].
On dilution, the resultant 1x PBS should have a final concentration of 140 mM NaCl, 10 mM Phosphate, 2.7 mM KCl, and a pH of 7.4.

Another preparation is described in Molecular Cloning by Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis, Apendix B.12<ref>Sambrook, Fritsch, and Maniatis (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, volume 3, appendix B.12</ref> as follows:

For 1 litre of Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS buffer) use:
- Dissolve in 800 ml of distilled H2O:
- 8 g of NaCl
- 0.2 g of KCl
- 1.44 g of Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and
- 0.24 g of KH2PO4.
- Adjust the pH to 7.4 with HCl.
- Add H2O to 1 liter.

Dispense the solution into aliquots and sterilize them by autoclaving (20 min, 121°C, liquid cycle).
Store at room temperature.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

[[Category:Buffers]]

{{biochem-stub}}

[[de:PBS-Puffer]]
[[fr:Tampon phosphate salin]]
[[he:PBS (ביוכימיה)]]
[[ja:リン酸緩衝生理食塩水]]
[[pt:Tampão fosfato-salino]]

Phosphate buffered saline

2009-03-03T16:11:51Z

81.228.154.54: /* Preparation */

'''Phosphate buffered saline''' (abbreviated PBS) is a [[buffer solution]] commonly used in [[biology | biological research]]. It is a salty solution containing [[sodium chloride]], [[sodium phosphate]], and (in some formulations) [[potassium chloride]] and [[potassium phosphate]]. The buffer helps to maintain a constant [[pH]]. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of the solution usually match those of the human body ([[isotonic]]).

==Applications==
PBS has many uses because it is isotonic and non-toxic to cells. It can be used to dilute substances. It is used to rinse containers containing cells. PBS can be used as a diluent in methods to dry biomolecules, as water molecules within it will be structured around the substance (protein, for example) to be 'dried' and immobilized to a solid surface {{fact|date=April 2008}}. The thin film of water that binds to the substance prevents [[Denaturation_%28biochemistry%29 | denaturation]] or other conformational changes. Carbonate buffers may be used for the same purpose but with less effectiveness {{fact|date=April 2008}}. PBS can be used to take a reference spectrum when measuring the protein adsorption in ellipsometry {{fact|date=April 2008}}.

Additives can be used to add function. For example, PBS with [[EDTA]] is also used to disengage attached and clumped cells. Divalent [[metals]] such as [[zinc]], however, cannot be added as this will result in precipitation. For these types of applications, [[Good's buffers]] are recommended.

==Preparation==
There are many different ways to prepare PBS. Some formulations do not contain potassium, while others contain calcium or magnesium<ref>Dulbecco, R. et al. (1954): ''Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis viruses''. In: ''J. Exp. Med.'' vol. 99 (2), pp. 167-182. PMID 13130792</ref>. One of the most common preparations is described below.

The simpliest way to prepare a PBS solution is to use PBS buffer tablets. They are formulated to give a redy to use PBS solution upon dissolution in a specified quantity of distilled water. They are available in the standard volumes: 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ml

A 10 liter stock of 10x PBS can be prepared by dissolving 800 g NaCl, 20 g KCl, 144 g Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and 24 g KH2PO4 in 8 L of distilled water, and topping up to 10 L. The pH is ~6.8, but when diluted to 1x PBS it should change to 7.4. When making buffer solutions, it is good practice to always measure the pH directly using a [[pH meter]]. If necessary, pH can be adjusted using [[hydrochloric acid]] or [[sodium hydroxide]].
On dilution, the resultant 1x PBS should have a final concentration of 140 mM NaCl, 10 mM Phosphate, 2.7 mM KCl, and a pH of 7.4.

Another preparation is described in Molecular Cloning by Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis, Apendix B.12<ref>Sambrook, Fritsch, and Maniatis (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, volume 3, appendix B.12</ref> as follows:

For 1 litre of Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS buffer) use:
- Dissolve in 800 ml of distilled H2O:
- 8 g of NaCl
- 0.2 g of KCl
- 1.44 g of Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and
- 0.24 g of KH2PO4.
- Adjust the pH to 7.4 with HCl.
- Add H2O to 1 liter.

Dispense the solution into aliquots and sterilize them by autoclaving (20 min, 121°C, liquid cycle).
Store at room temperature.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

[[Category:Buffers]]

{{biochem-stub}}

[[de:PBS-Puffer]]
[[fr:Tampon phosphate salin]]
[[he:PBS (ביוכימיה)]]
[[ja:リン酸緩衝生理食塩水]]
[[pt:Tampão fosfato-salino]]

Phosphate buffered saline

2009-03-03T15:48:20Z

81.228.154.54: /* Preparation */

'''Phosphate buffered saline''' (abbreviated PBS) is a [[buffer solution]] commonly used in [[biology | biological research]]. It is a salty solution containing [[sodium chloride]], [[sodium phosphate]], and (in some formulations) [[potassium chloride]] and [[potassium phosphate]]. The buffer helps to maintain a constant [[pH]]. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of the solution usually match those of the human body ([[isotonic]]).

==Applications==
PBS has many uses because it is isotonic and non-toxic to cells. It can be used to dilute substances. It is used to rinse containers containing cells. PBS can be used as a diluent in methods to dry biomolecules, as water molecules within it will be structured around the substance (protein, for example) to be 'dried' and immobilized to a solid surface {{fact|date=April 2008}}. The thin film of water that binds to the substance prevents [[Denaturation_%28biochemistry%29 | denaturation]] or other conformational changes. Carbonate buffers may be used for the same purpose but with less effectiveness {{fact|date=April 2008}}. PBS can be used to take a reference spectrum when measuring the protein adsorption in ellipsometry {{fact|date=April 2008}}.

Additives can be used to add function. For example, PBS with [[EDTA]] is also used to disengage attached and clumped cells. Divalent [[metals]] such as [[zinc]], however, cannot be added as this will result in precipitation. For these types of applications, [[Good's buffers]] are recommended.

==Preparation==
There are many different ways to prepare PBS. Some formulations do not contain potassium, while others contain calcium or magnesium<ref>Dulbecco, R. et al. (1954): ''Plaque formation and isolation of pure lines with poliomyelitis viruses''. In: ''J. Exp. Med.'' vol. 99 (2), pp. 167-182. PMID 13130792</ref>. One of the most common preparations is described below.

A 10 liter stock of 10x PBS can be prepared by dissolving 800 g NaCl, 20 g KCl, 144 g Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and 24 g KH2PO4 in 8 L of distilled water, and topping up to 10 L. The pH is ~6.8, but when diluted to 1x PBS it should change to 7.4. When making buffer solutions, it is good practice to always measure the pH directly using a [[pH meter]]. If necessary, pH can be adjusted using [[hydrochloric acid]] or [[sodium hydroxide]].

On dilution, the resultant 1x PBS should have a final concentration of 137 mM NaCl, 10 mM Phosphate, 2.7 mM KCl, and a pH of 7.4.

Another preparation is described in Molecular Cloning by Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis, Apendix B.12<ref>Sambrook, Fritsch, and Maniatis (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, volume 3, appendix B.12</ref> as follows:

For 1 litre of Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS buffer) use:
- Dissolve in 800 ml of distilled H2O:
- 8 g of NaCl
- 0.2 g of KCl
- 1.44 g of Na2HPO4 · 12H2O and
- 0.24 g of KH2PO4.
- Adjust the pH to 7.4 with HCl.
- Add H2O to 1 liter.

A simple way to prepare one liter of PBS is to dissolve one PBS buffer tablet in 1 liter deionized water.

Dispense the solution into aliquots and sterilize them by autoclaving (20 min, 121°C, liquid cycle).
Store at room temperature.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

[[Category:Buffers]]

{{biochem-stub}}

[[de:PBS-Puffer]]
[[fr:Tampon phosphate salin]]
[[he:PBS (ביוכימיה)]]
[[ja:リン酸緩衝生理食塩水]]
[[pt:Tampão fosfato-salino]]