Military history of the peoples of the British Islands

2005-07-04T11:16:07Z

82.35.107.44: /* 21st century */

{{UKHBS}}

'''British military history''' is a long and varied topic, extending from the [[prehistoric]] and ancient historic period, through the [[Roman invasion of Britain|Roman invasion]]s of [[Julius Cæsar]] and [[Claudius]] and subsequent Roman occupation; [[war]]fare in the [[Mediaeval]] period, including the invasions of the [[Saxon]]s and the [[Viking]]s in the [[Dark Ages]], the [[Norman Conquest]], and wars against [[France]]; through the [[Early Modern]] period, wars against [[Spain]] and [[France]], and the [[English Civil War]], and the beginnings of the colonial [[British Empire]] in [[India]], the [[USA]] and [[Canada]]; and into the Modern period with the wars of [[Marlborough]] and against [[Napoleon]], the [[Crimean War]] and into the [[20th century]] with the [[Boer War]], [[World War I]] and [[World War II]], the [[Cold War]] the [[Korean War]]; and, most recently, [[Northern Ireland]], the [[Falklands War]] and military operations in the [[Balkans]] and the [[Middle East]].

==List of British military encounters==
===Prehistoric and ancient period===
* [[Roman_invasion_of_Britain|Roman Invasion]] (43)
**[[Manduessedum]] (61)
**[[Battle of Mons Graupius]] (83)

===Mediæval period===
* [[Viking Britain|Viking invasions]] (793–1066)
** Raid on [[Lindisfarne]] (793)
** [[Alfred_the_Great#Public_life|Campaign of Alfred the Great]] (871–899)
*** [[Battle of Edington]] (878)
** [[Battle of Cannington]] (878)
** [[Battle of Stamford Bridge]] (1066)
* [[Norman Conquest]] (1066)
** [[Battle of Hastings]] (1066) - last successful invasion of the British Isles by a foreign force
* [[Rebellion of 1088]]
* [[Revolt of 1173-1174]]
* [[Third Crusade]] (1189)
* [[Welsh Uprising of 1211]]
* [[Battle of Bouvines]] (1214) - loss of Normandy
* [[First Barons' War]] (1215–1217)
* [[Second Barons' War]] (1264–1267)
* [[Welsh Uprising of 1282]]
* [[Wars of Scottish Independence]] (1296–1333)
* [[Hundred Years' War]] (1337 to 1453)
** [[Battle of Agincourt]] (1415)
* [[Wars of the Roses]] (1455–1485)
** [[Battle of Bosworth Field]] (1485) - [[Richard III of England|Richard III]] was the last British king to die in combat

===Early Modern period===
* [[Italian Wars]] (1494 – 1559)
* [[Calais|Loss of Calais]] (1558) - then England's last continental possession
* [[Eighty_Years%27_War#Overseas_assistance|Eighty Years' War]] (1598–1648)
** [[Spanish Armada]] (1588)
* [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]] (1639–1651)
** [[Bishops' Wars]] (1639–1640)
** [[English Civil War]] (1642–1651)
** [[Scottish Civil War]] (1644–1645)
** [[Cromwellian conquest of Ireland]] (1649)
* [[First Anglo-Dutch War]] (1652–1654)
* [[Anglo-Spanish War (1654)|Anglo-Spanish War]] (1654–1660)
* [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]] (1665–1667)
* [[War of Devolution]] (1667–1668)
* [[Third Anglo-Dutch War]] (1672–1674)
* [[King Philip's War]] (1675–1676)
* [[Monmouth Rebellion]] (1685)
** [[Battle of Sedgemoor]] (1685)
* [[War of the Grand Alliance]] (or [[King William's War]]) (1688–1697)
* [[Jacobitism|Jacobite Rebellions]] (1689–1746)
** [[Battle of Preston (1715)]]
** Clifton Moor, near Penrith (1745) - last battle on [[England|English]] soil
** [[Battle of Culloden]] (1746) - last battle on the [[Great Britain|British]] mainland
* [[Battle of the Boyne]] (1690) - last battle between two rival claimants for the throne
*[[War of the Spanish Succession]] (1702–1713)
**[[Queen Anne's War]] (1702–1713)
* [[War of Jenkins' Ear]] (1739–1742)
* [[War of the Austrian Succession]] (1740–1748)
* [[Seven Years' War]] (1756–1763) - the first "world war"
* [[Fourth Anglo-Dutch War]] (1780–1784)

===Modern Period===
* [[American Revolutionary War|American War of Independence]] (1775 to 1783)
*[[French Revolutionary Wars]] (1793–1802)
* [[Napoleonic Wars]] (1803–1815)
** [[Battle of Trafalgar]] (1805)
** [[Peninsular War]] (1808–1814)
* [[War of 1812|British-American War]] (1812)
* [[The Gurkha War|Anglo-Gurkha War]] (1814-1816)
* [[Peterloo massacre]] (1819)
* [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] (1839–1842)
* [[First Opium War]] (1839–1842)
* [[Crimean War]] (1854–1856)
** [[Charge of the Light Brigade]]
* The [[Indian Mutiny]] (1857)
** The [[Siege of Lucknow]]
** The [[Storming of Delhi]]
* [[Second Opium War]] (or ''The Arrow War'') (1856–1860)
* [[Anglo-Bhutanese War]] (1865)
* [[European influence in Afghanistan#The Second Anglo-Afghan War|Second Anglo-Afghan War]] (1878-1880)
* [[Anglo-Zulu War]] (1879)
* [[Boer War]] ( 1880–1881 and 1899–1902)
** [[Siege of Mafeking]] (1899–1900)

===20th century===
* [[Anglo-Irish War]] (1919–1921)
* [[European influence in Afghanistan#Third Anglo-Afghan War and Independence|Third Anglo-Afghan War]] (1919)
* [[Turkish War of Independence]] (1919-1923)
* [[World War I]] (1914–1918)
* [[Pacific War|The Pacific War]] (1937-1945)
* [[World War II]] (1939–1945)
** [[British military history of World War II]]
*** [[British Commandos]]
*** [[Bletchley Park]]
* [[Cold War]] (1945–1991)
* [[Malayan Emergency]] (1948–1960)
* [[Korean War]] (1950–1953)
* [[Mau Mau|Mau Mau Uprising]] (1952–1960)
* [[History_of_Cyprus#Proposed_Union_with_Greece|Cyprus Emergency]] (1955–1959)
* [[Suez Crisis]] (1956)
* [[History of Brunei|Brunei Uprising]] (1962)
* [[Konfrontasi]] (1962–1966)
* [[Aden#The Aden Emergency|Aden Emergency]] (1963–1967)
* [[Icelandic Cod War]] (1975–1976)
* [[Falklands War]] (1982)
* [[Gulf War|The First Gulf War]] (1990–1991)
* [[Bosnian War|The Bosnian War]] ([[IFOR]]) (1995–1996)
* [[Kosovo War|The Kosovo War]] (1999)

===21st century===
* [[Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone Civil War]] (2000)
* [[2001 Afghanistan War|The Afghanistan War]] (2001–2002)
* [[2003 invasion of Iraq|Second Gulf War]] (2002-Present)

==List of fortifications in Britain==
===Roman & ancient===
* [[Hadrian's Wall]] AD 122
* [[Antonine Wall]] AD 142

===Mediæval===
* Castles in the UK
** [[Castles in England]]
** [[Castles in Northern Ireland]]
** [[Castles in Scotland]]
** [[Castles in Wales]]

===Georgian & Victorian===
* [[Martello tower]]s

===World War II Stop Lines===
* [[Avon Stop Line]]
* [[Colchester Stop Line]]
* [[GHQ Line]]
* [[Outer London Defence Ring]]
* [[Ringwood West Line]]
* [[Salisbury West Stop Line]]
* [[Taunton Stop Line]]

==List of British military institutions==
* [[Royal Navy]]
* [[Royal Scottish Navy]] (until 1707)
* [[British Army]]
** [[New Model Army]] (1645)
** [[Territorial Army]] (1907)
** [[Kitchener's Army]] (1914)
** [[Auxiliary Units]] (1940s)
** [[Home Guard]] (1940s)
* [[Royal Air Force]]
* [[Royal Ordnance]]

* [[National Service]] (1949 - 1960)
** [[Joint Services School for Linguists]]

==List of British military alliances==
===Scottish military alliances===
* [[Auld Alliance]] ([[1165]]-[[1560]])
===English military alliances===
* [[Anglo-Portuguese alliance]] ([[1386]]-)
* [[Catholic League (Italian)|Holy League]] ([[1510]] to [[1513]])
* [[Triple Alliance (1668)|Triple Alliance]] ([[1668]])
* [[Grand Alliance]] ([[1689]] - ?)

===British military alliances===
* [[Anglo-Portuguese alliance]] ([[1704]]-)
* [[Triple Alliance (1717)]]
* [[Triple Alliance (1788)]]
* [[Entente Cordiale]] (1904)
* [[Triple Entente]] (1908)
* [[NATO]] ([[1949]]-)
* [[Western European Union]] ([[1954]]-)
* [[Five Power Defence Arrangement]] ([[1971]]-)

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==See also==
* [[Pax Britannica]]

* [[History of Britain]]
** [[History of the United Kingdom]]
** [[British Empire]]
* [[UK topics]]
** [[Military of the United Kingdom]]
** [[The United Kingdom and weapons of mass destruction]]
** [[History of the British Army]]
** [[History of the Royal Navy]]
* [[List of battles (geographic)]]
* [[List of wars]]

* [[British military rank insignia]]

[[Category:Military history of the United Kingdom]]

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Military history of the peoples of the British Islands