Swedish/Verb tenses

2008-09-20T16:15:52Z

85.228.77.45: /* Example sentences */

{{Template:Introduction to Swedish}}

==Grammar==

''The Swedish verb has quite a few tenses. But these are, like with English, created by the help of auxiliary verbs. (N.B. Swedish does not change the verb depending on which grammatical person acts).''

'''The regular verb ''arbeta'''''

''Regular endings are made bold.''

[[Image:AlfredNobelPainting.jpg|Alfred Nobel invented the dynamite 1866.|thumb]]
INFINITIV

To work = (Att) arbet'''a'''

PRESENT TENSE

''I work'' = Jag arbeta'''r'''

PAST TENSE, IMPERFECT ASPEKT

''I worked'' = Jag arbeta'''de'''

PAST TENSE, PERFECT ASPEKT

''I have worked'' = Jag har arbeta'''t'''

FUTURE TENSE, FUTURUM SIMPLEX

''I will work'' = Jag ska arbeta

'''The irregular verb ''gå'':'''

INFINITIV

''To walk'' = (Att) gå

PRESENT TENSE

''I walk'' = Jag gå'''r'''

PAST TENSE, IMPERFECT ASPEKT

''I walked'' = Jag gick

PAST TENSE, PERFECT ASPEKT

''I have walked'' = Jag har gått

FUTURE TENSE, FUTURUM SIMPLEX

''I will walk'' = Jag ska gå

''The irregular verbs '''vara''', '''ha''' and '''ska/skulle''' are used in complex verb tenses in much the same way as '''be''', '''have''', '''will/would''' are used in English.''

'''vara'''
<table>
<tr><TD>(att) vara</TD><TD>''to be''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>jag var</TD><TD>''I was''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>jag har varit</TD><TD>''I have been''</TD></tr>

<TD>jag är</TD><TD>I am</TD>
</table>

'''ha'''
<table>
<tr><TD>(att) ha</TD><TD>''to have''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>jag hade</TD><TD>''I had''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>jag har haft</TD><TD>''I have had''</TD></tr>

<tr><TD>jag har</TD><TD>''I have''</TD></tr>
</table>

'''ska & skulle'''
<table>
<tr><TD>jag ska</TD><TD>''I will''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>jag skulle</TD><TD>''I would''</TD></tr>
</table>

'''''Past tense, imperfect aspekt of the verb'' arbeta:'''
<table>
<tr><TD>jag arbetade</TD><TD>''I worked''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>du arbetade</TD><TD>''you worked''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>han arbetade</TD><TD>''he worked''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>hon arbetade</TD><TD>''she worked''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>den arbetade</TD><TD>''it worked''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>det arbetade</TD><TD>''it worked''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>man arbetade</TD><TD>''you worked''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>vi arbetade</TD><TD>''we worked''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>ni arbetade</TD><TD>''you worked''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>de arbetade</TD><TD>''they worked''</TD></tr>
</table>
''Really simple and similar in both laguages!''

==Example sentences==
<table>
<tr><TD>Jag arbetade igår.</TD><TD>''I worked yesterday.''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>Det har gått ett år.</TD><TD>''One year has passed.''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>Ni ska arbeta i morgon.</TD><TD>''You will work tomorrow.''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>De gick och arbetade i parken.</TD><TD>''They went for work in the park.'' '''or''' ''They walked and worked in the park.''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>De arbetade och gick i parken.</TD><TD>''They worked and walked in the park.''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>Vi skulle har gått dit.</TD><TD>''We should have walked there.''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>Jag hade tur.</TD><TD>''I was lucky.''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>Jag arbetar (nu).</TD><TD>''I am working.''</TD></tr>
<tr><TD>Jag arbetar två dar i veckan.</TD><TD>''I work two days a week.''</TD></tr>
</table>

==Example Text==
'''Kalles väg till arbetet'''

Det var morgon. Kalle gick ut på gatan. Han skulle gå vägen till arbetet. Den här vägen hade han gått många gånger förut. "När jag har arbetat klart ska jag gå hem igen.", sa Kalle. "Fast då går jag nog en annan väg!"

'''Kalle's way to his work.'''

''It was morning. Kalle entered the street. He would walk the road to his work. This road he had walked many times before. "When I've finished work I will walk home again.", Kalle said. "But then I'll probably walk another route!"''

==Exercises==
''Please translate into English:''

1. De har gått en annan väg.

2. Erik och Lina gick ut på puben.

3. Det var många i parken.

4. Hon har varit duktig.

5. Jag arbetade förut.

''Please translate into Swedish:''

6. Per, you are lucky!

7. He has another car.

8. She is exiting now.

9. Once upon a time mummy was lucky.

10. What is the meaning of this?

[[Swedish Answers to Exercises|Answers to the exercises.]]

==Glossary==
<table>
<tr><td>annan</td><td>''another, other''</td></tr>
<tr><td>den här/det här</td><td>''this''</td></tr>
<tr><td>då</td><td>''then''</td></tr>
<tr><td>fast</td><td>''but (in spoken language)''</td></tr>
<tr><td>förut</td><td>''previously''</td></tr>
<tr><td>att arbeta klart</td><td>''to finish work''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett arbete</td><td>''a work''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en gata</td><td>''a street''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) gå</td><td>''to walk''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) gå dit</td><td>''to walk there''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) gå ut</td><td>''to exit''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) gå ut på</td><td>''to enter [a street], to go to [the pub], to mean something''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en gång</td><td>''one time''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) ha</td><td>''to have''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) ha tur</td><td>''to be lucky''</td></tr>
<tr><td>ett hem</td><td>''a home''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en morgon</td><td>''a morning''</td></tr>
<tr><td>nu</td><td>''now''</td></tr>
<tr><td>många</td><td>''many''</td></tr>
<tr><td>nog</td><td>''probably, enough''</td></tr>
<tr><td>när</td><td>''when''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en pub</td><td>''a pub''</td></tr>
<tr><td>(att) säga</td><td>''to say''</td></tr>
<tr><td>vad</td><td>''what''</td></tr>
<tr><td>en väg</td><td>''a road, way, route''</td></tr>

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[[Category:Swedish]]

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Swedish/Verb tenses