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<div>{{for|the town in the United States|Wasta, South Dakota}}<br />
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'''Wasta''' or '''wāsita''' ({{Lang-ar|واسِطة|translit=wāsiṭah}}) is an Arabic word that loosely translates into [[nepotism]], '[[Power (social and political)|clout]]' or 'who you know'. It refers to using one's connections and/or influence to get things done, including government transactions such as the quick renewal of a [[Travel visa|visa]] or a [[passport]] or [[Driver's license|driving license]], waiving of traffic fines, and getting hired for or promoted in a job which usually would take a month.<br />
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In other words, it amounts to getting something through favoritism rather than merit, or what is informally spoken of in English as "pull" from connections (the opposite of "push"). The English word [[cronyism]] overlaps in meaning but is not precisely the same. Roughly equivalent words in other languages include [[sociolismo]] in Cuba; [[Blat (Russia)|blat]] in Russia; [[guanxi]] in Chinese and ''Vetternwirtschaft'' in German, ''protektzia'' in Israeli slang, {{lang|es|un pituto}} in Chilean Spanish. In Brazilian-Portuguese it is referred to as "pistolão", "QI" (''Quem Indica'', or Who Indicates), or in the slang "peixada", "Pidi Padu" in [[Malayalam]] language spoken region of India, "arka" or "destek" or "torpil" in Turkish, "plecy" in Polish, "štela" in Bosnian,"veza" in Serbian "Piston" in French.<br />
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==Etymology==<br />
Wasta is derived from the Modern Standard [[Arabic]] word ({{Lang-ar|واسِطَة|translit=wāsiṭah}}) which can mean ''medium, means'' but also ''personal connection used to gain something''.<ref>[[Hans Wehr]] (1979), ''[[Arabic-English Dictionary]]''.</ref><br />
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Furthermore, companies in the [[Arab world]] rarely have a 'no-[[nepotism]]' policy in place, so one can often find a workforce made up of friends and relatives who may or may not be qualified. This takes place in both the public and private sectors.<br />
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In many Arab countries, such as [[Oman]], [[Iraq]], [[Lebanon]], [[Kuwait]], [[UAE]], [[Egypt]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Syria]], and [[Jordan]] wasta affects hiring and promotion decisions. This is not restricted to Arab nationals but is also practised by expatriates who use their connections as wastas.<br />
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With respect to recruitment, there seems to be a movement away from this wasta, especially in the case of multinationals and professional firms. However, wasta is still widely used in the region.<br />
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==Notes==<br />
<references/><br />
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==Bibliography==<br />
* ''Regulation, Trust, and Cronyism in Middle Eastern Societies: The Simple Economics of 'Wasta'''. (2011) Andy H. Barnett, [[Bruce Yandle]], George Naufal, School of Business and Management-[[American University of Sharjah]], Department of Economics- [[Clemson University]], School of Business and Management- American University of Sharjah.<br />
* Hutchings, K. & Weir, D. (2006). "Guanxi and Wasta: A comparison". ''[[Thunderbird International Business Review]]'', 48(1), 141-156<br />
* Izraeli, D. (1997). "Business Ethics in the Middle East". ''[[Journal of Business Ethics]]'', 16(14), 1555–1560, {{doi|10.1023/A:1005863031132}}<br />
* Kocherlakota, N. R. (1996). ''Money is Memory''. [[Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis]], Research Department Staff Report 218, 1-37<br />
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[[Category:Nepotism]]<br />
[[Category:Arab culture]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani culture]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani social culture]]</div>87.116.164.218https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Philip_Zepter&diff=40202Archive:Philip Zepter2007-03-06T16:05:45Z<p>87.116.164.128: </p>
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<div>'''Philip Zepter''' is a Serbian [[entrepreneur]] and the richest [[Serb]]s in the world with an estimated net worth of [[US dollar|$]]4 billion according to Polish magazine ''[[Wprost]]''.<br />
<br />
Born '''Milan Janković''' in [[Bosanska Dubica]], [[Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia]] in [[1950]], he is the graduate of [[University of Belgrade]]'s Faculty of Economy. <br />
<br />
He later founded [[Zepter International]], which has over time become a succesful [[conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] focusing, among other things, on production and sale of exclusive high-quality consumer products. <br />
<br />
Zepter currently resides in [[Monte Carlo]].<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Serbia-bio-stub}}<br />
[[Category:Serbian people|Zepter, Philip]]<br />
[[Category:Billionaires|Zepter, Philip]]</div>87.116.164.128https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=Archive:Philip_Zepter&diff=40201Archive:Philip Zepter2007-03-06T16:05:17Z<p>87.116.164.128: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Philip Zepter''' is a Serbian [[entrepreneur]] and the richest [[Serb]]s in the world with an estimated net worth of [[US dollar|$]]4 billion according to Polish magazine ''[[Wprost]]''.<br />
<br />
Born '''Milan Janković''' in [[Bosanska Dubica]], [[Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia]] in [[1951]], he is the graduate of [[University of Belgrade]]'s Faculty of Economy. <br />
<br />
He later founded [[Zepter International]], which has over time become a succesful [[conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] focusing, among other things, on production and sale of exclusive high-quality consumer products. <br />
<br />
Zepter currently resides in [[Monte Carlo]].<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Serbia-bio-stub}}<br />
[[Category:Serbian people|Zepter, Philip]]<br />
[[Category:Billionaires|Zepter, Philip]]</div>87.116.164.128