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Archive:Unified Theory of Interactions

2008-09-18T12:41:02Z

92.47.242.150: Replacing page with 'Unified theory of interactions is so-called theory of everything.'

Unified theory of interactions is so-called theory of everything.

Archive:Unified Theory of Interactions

2008-09-18T12:32:25Z

92.47.242.150: /* ABSTRACT */

== Unified Theory of Interactions ==

(short description, main thesises)*

by Kanat B. Abildinov 
Kazakhstan, Almaty 
E-mail: abildinov@msn.com 

== ABSTRACT ==

The unified theory of interactions is a main problem of General Physics and Physics of Elementary
Particles. Using few basic principles we could solve some problems in the experimental physics and in
the astronomic and astrophysical observations and try to unify all known interactions into the one
universal.

==
I. Introduction ==

There are four kinds of interactions in our Universe, their names: electromagnetic, strong, weak
and gravitational. In the standard model electromagnetic and weak forces was combined and
represented as unified electroweak force in the Grand Unification of three called interactions except for
gravitational.
The main problem of Physics is a building of Unified Theory of Everything, so-called Super
Unification theory, or the theory of matter (field).
It is now known that the classic mechanics and the quantum field theory, which is consistent with
quantum mechanics and special relativity, cannot to unite four known interactions by single unified
one. It was main aim in the 30 last years in the Einstein’s life. At present we have a crisis in particle
physics [1] and problems in high energy astrophysics [2], such as unexplained energy and sources of
ultrarelativistic charged particles (ultra-high-energy cosmic rays) [2, 3], the problems of the “dark
matter” [4] and “dark energy” [4, 5] in the Universe, and the problem in the Cosmology, such as
acceleration models of the Universe [4] which cannot be admitted by the philosophic principles, and by
this cause cannot be understood by most of peoples.
Trying to resolve some of these problems, we can consider new theory based on philosophic
principles and on the geometric one. It is the Unified Theory of Interactions (UTI).

== II. Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions ==

The matter is continuous and infrangible, because nothing exists except of matter.
The matter cannot to be split by absolutely different kind of objects, for example by means of
“absolute emptiness”.
The matter has two kinds: tenuous – field (ether, material space, physical vacuum) and compacted
– energy substance. And the matter has its unified subpart.
The material objects exist in the time because they are changeable and can detect other material
objects and can affect them.
In chime with this we have a following.

== III. Basic principles ==

There are two main principles in the base of “Unified theory of interactions”:
1) The “Principle of Absolute Transitions”:
The absolute transitions, is momentary transitions between absolutely differentiated conditions
of the matter, and they are do not exist in the time.
Or, by other words:
The transitions between two physical values, that realize only stepwise (in a trice), without
intermediate values, do not exist in the nature.
2) The geometrical principle:
The character of interactions between subparts of matter is defined only by their geometry.

== IV. Postulates ==

For the “Unified theory of interactions” we have three basic postulates:
1) The velocity of changes of the interactions is always constant and equal to velocity of
electromagnetic waves in the vacuum.
2) The changes of the interactions always occurs with intermediate physical values.
This postulate correlate with the “Principle of Absolute Transitions” of theory (see above).
3) The conversion between two kinds of the matter have place only through “Resonance
Transition”.
“Resonance Transition” is such transition, which happens only when the relative velocity of
interactions aspire to exceed the velocity of electromagnetic waves in the vacuum. That
condition should escapes via power resonance that will cause the “Resonance Transition” of
one kind of matter to other one.
Therefore, we have few basic important conclusions:
1) The “absolute quiescence” and “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) are impossible and
they do not exist.
Explanation: The “absolute emptiness” and the matter cannot detect and affect each other. We
cannot to adopt that the “absolute emptiness”, which can be described by property of “absolute
quiescence” in its parts, can be transited to the perpetually dynamic matter, by reason of
restrictions of the Postulate no.2.
2) The particles cannot to be absolutely dense and absolutely solid.
Explanation: We cannot to adopt that the absolutely dense and absolutely solid matter, which
can be described by property of “absolute quiescence” in its part, can be transited to the
perpetually dynamic matter (ether, electromagnetic field), by reason of restrictions of the
Postulate no.2.
3) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” is impossible. Theoretically, the object which was
placed to the “absolute emptiness” and got the impulse will not move by means of inertia, i.e.
will not keep in moving. Accordingly with this, the “absolute emptiness” looks like absolutely
tenacious ambience. So, Aristotle’s conclusion about “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing)
was partly incorrect.
It must correlate with philosophic principle of minimal action: “if nothing does affect to the
body, then nothing does occur with them”.

== V. The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles ==

To unify all interactions in the single unified one, we have to consider new model of elementary
particles, called as “Spheromod”.
“Spheromod” is a model of particle in form of sphere which have some “mod” – the complex of
physical characteristics that can be described by physical values (it maybe few known constants),
which probably contains velocity of light, frequency, power, radius of particles, etc. In fact, it is
possible, to describe those values, using experimental data.
In the “Spheromod” model the particles represented as spherical formed material substance in
structure where substance is electromagnetic field. All known forces, by means of which any two
particles make their interactions, are only the resulting of unified forces between components of four
conditional pairs of front and rear semi-spheres – parts (sides) of those particles, relatively oriented in
the space:
1. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle,
or simply the “front-front” pair;
2. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “front-rear” pair;
3. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-front” pair;
4. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-rear” pair.

The sum of attractive forces have effect between component
parts of “front-front” and “rear-rear” pairs of semi-spheres of two protons have advantages over the
sum of repulsive forces between components of “front-rear” and “rear-front” pairs of semi-spheres of
two protons while the distance between protons is smaller than RoT and don’t have these advantages
on the distance between protons bigger than RoT.
According with “Spheromod” model the particles forms out from the power (force) lines of
electromagnetic field which are base of material substance, and destroys into them.
According with rule of “Transitional resonance” and with “Principle of absolute transitions” the
particles can converted into the lines or quantums of electromagnetic field (photons) and converted
back only when power resonance is happens. The power resonance generally have place only when the
relative velocity of interactions have tendency to exceed the velocity of light.

== VI. Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the electromagnetic force represents as dominance of sum
of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle.
Therefore, we have a summary force for the resulting interaction of two particles which differs on
two side of RoT and differs for different two pairs of particles, where first one is pair of similar
identically electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-proton, and second one is pair of mutually
adversatively electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-electron.
On the distance, larger than RoT, the full interaction have a very big forces as its source, but the
summary (or resulting) interaction represents very small part of full interaction, which we calls an
electromagnetic attraction or repulsion.
For the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually attractive.
For the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually repulsive.
The main function of interactions between any pair of entitled semi-spheres of the particles is
inverse-square dependency of force from distance.

== VII. The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the nuclear and other strong forces represents as dominance
of sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle.
On the distance, smaller than RoT, the full and the summary (or resulting) interaction have a very
big forces as its source, which represented basically by entitled force which have place in the first
(front-front) pair of semi-spheres:
1) for the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually attractive, and we know them
as nuclear forces;
2) for the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually repulsive, and it does cause the
springy repulse of electrons on the protons and keep electron away from atom nuclear on its
discrete orbit.
The summary attraction in two (front-front and rear-rear) pairs of semi-spheres near to “Radius of
Transition” is very predominated over the summary repulsion in other two pairs (front-rear and rearfront)
of semi-spheres of two particles.

== VIII. Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation ==

The essence of gravitation can be easy explained using “Spheromod” model of the particles. The
forces of resulting nuclear attraction between similar particles (e.g. protons) on a distance greater than
“Radius of Transition” are fully compensated by electromagnetic forces of resulting repulsion. But in
cause of closer location the first pair of forces which is front-front attractive force, they have dominant
increment of dynamically changed value when the distance between protons get decrease. Thus, this
increment of resulting force of entitled pairs is a gravitation force.
The increment of resulting force having place between proton and electron (or other pair of
electrically adversatively charged particles) looks as kind of anti-gravitation forces. But this one could
explain the quantum-mechanical effects in the atom: why electron does not fall down to the proton and
it have stable orbit, energy, and magnetic and rotation moments, etc.
With electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation we’ve got the universal triad:
Gravitation ≡ Inertia;
Inertia ≡ Motion;
Gravitation ≡ Motion.
And the principle of equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass is fully validated now.

== IX. Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions: ==

1) The gravitational fields, gravitational waves and gravitational quantumes (gravitons) do not
exist.
2) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) is impossible.
3) The First Principle of Isaac Newton’s mechanics, which is known as the law of inertia is
incorrect.
Consequently, we have to declare new (corrected) principles of mechanics:
The mass, to which do not acted by forces, stays in the quiescence.
Or, if the forces do not act to the mass, the mass will keep in the quiescence.
And,
The inertia is a motion by means of summary gravitational forces of all masses in the Universe.
Therefore,
The mass moves (aspires to moving) on the zero-trajectory, through the points where the summary
forces are equal to nil.
Last principle may be called “Principle of zero-trajectory”.
4) In principle, it is impossible for the matter to existing in absolute zero condition, which can be
called as absolute quiescence. The gravitation (as well as motion) does not exist in that
condition.
5) The gravitation is a relative property of the material substance. Increasing velocity of motion of
particle increases its mass.
6) Gravitational waves are not waves of gravitational field, they are possibly the super long waves
of electromagnetic field, if they really exists and can be detected.
7) The inertial systems of coordinates have not absolute differentials with non-inertial ones
because both of them are accelerated systems of coordinates. The bodies in the inertial systems
of coordinates move with super-weak acceleration caused by its gravitational interaction with
masses of Universe. Only the electromagnetic waves can move without acceleration relative to
its source.
8) The size of the particles is not absolute, and probably should be changed in condition of ultra
high pressure, i.e. in the centers of quasars or in the centers of objects recognized as “black
holes” in the centers of galaxies.
Therefore, possibly we may to declare the principle of “metrical adequacy”, in the “Unified
theory of interactions” to explain such possibilities.
Generally it sounds as this: “The metrics of the material substances correlates with density of
the electromagnetic field which have place around them”.
Probably, it can explain the displacement to red in the spectrum of the galaxies and quasars.
Also, in this way, the gravitation force must correlate with size of particle. May be it is one of
cause which explains why black holes are impossible. This question still open in the “Unified
theory of interactions”.
9) The Big Bang is impossible scenarios of Universe’s birth. Universe’s masses cannot move into
the absolutely vacuum space without gravitational sources of force of the inertia.
10) The free motion – inertia – is accelerated as result of gravitational interaction between probe
mass and Universe’s one.
11) Black holes probably are impossible condition of existence of gravitated masses. The
gravitation depends on masses motion, but in the “dark holes” the motion is ultra slow, because
the time is slowed down there. And the quiescence of matter in the stopped time is impossible
for the continuous space-time, if the postulate no.2 of the “Unified theory of forces” is
declared.
Thereunto, the velocity and acceleration of the inertial motion correlates with gravitation in the
center of the “black hole”.
12) On the big distance the masses in the galaxies (and objects greater of them) moves around their
centers with moving away by means of accelerated inertia. It may explain the various forms of
galaxies.
13) The cause of high velocity (and energy) of cosmic rays is accelerated inertia.
14) The short and serial gamma-bursts possibly are the results of crashing of two and more cosmic
objects which moving with ultra high velocity. The cause of their ultra velocity is accelerated
inertia.
15) The “dark matter” isn’t real material bodies, but the resulting effects of the accelerated inertia.
16) The “dark force” probably is an effect of the accelerated inertia.

----

* Full version of the manuscript of “Unified theory of interactions” available only in Russian language yet.

== References ==

[1] Bert Schroer, “String theory and the crisis in particle physics” (2006), arXiv:physics/0603112
v2. 
[2] Paolo Lipari, “Problems in high energy astrophysics” (2008), arXiv:0808.0417v1 [astro-ph]. 
[3] “Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. I. Updated illas plot
and radiation-loss constraints”, Ksenia Ptitsyna and Sergey Troitsky (2008), arXiv:0808.0367v1
[astro-ph]. 
[4] “Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris,
and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph]. 
[5] “Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale”
D.J. Kapner,∗ T.S. Cook, E.G. Adelberger, J.H. Gundlach, B.R. Heckel, C.D. Hoyle, and H.E.
Swanson (2006), arXiv:hep-ph/0611184v1

Archive:Unified Theory of Interactions

2008-09-18T12:32:01Z

92.47.242.150: /* Introduction */

Archive:Unified Theory of Interactions

2008-09-18T12:31:48Z

92.47.242.150: /* CONTENTS */

== Unified Theory of Interactions ==

(short description, main thesises)*

by Kanat B. Abildinov 
Kazakhstan, Almaty 
E-mail: abildinov@msn.com 

== ABSTRACT ==

The unified theory of interactions is a main problem of General Physics and Physics of Elementary
Particles. Using few basic principles we could solve some problems in the experimental physics and in
the astronomic and astrophysical observations and try to unify all known interactions into the one
universal.

== Introduction ==

==
I. Introduction ==

There are four kinds of interactions in our Universe, their names: electromagnetic, strong, weak
and gravitational. In the standard model electromagnetic and weak forces was combined and
represented as unified electroweak force in the Grand Unification of three called interactions except for
gravitational.
The main problem of Physics is a building of Unified Theory of Everything, so-called Super
Unification theory, or the theory of matter (field).
It is now known that the classic mechanics and the quantum field theory, which is consistent with
quantum mechanics and special relativity, cannot to unite four known interactions by single unified
one. It was main aim in the 30 last years in the Einstein’s life. At present we have a crisis in particle
physics [1] and problems in high energy astrophysics [2], such as unexplained energy and sources of
ultrarelativistic charged particles (ultra-high-energy cosmic rays) [2, 3], the problems of the “dark
matter” [4] and “dark energy” [4, 5] in the Universe, and the problem in the Cosmology, such as
acceleration models of the Universe [4] which cannot be admitted by the philosophic principles, and by
this cause cannot be understood by most of peoples.
Trying to resolve some of these problems, we can consider new theory based on philosophic
principles and on the geometric one. It is the Unified Theory of Interactions (UTI).

== II. Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions ==

The matter is continuous and infrangible, because nothing exists except of matter.
The matter cannot to be split by absolutely different kind of objects, for example by means of
“absolute emptiness”.
The matter has two kinds: tenuous – field (ether, material space, physical vacuum) and compacted
– energy substance. And the matter has its unified subpart.
The material objects exist in the time because they are changeable and can detect other material
objects and can affect them.
In chime with this we have a following.

== III. Basic principles ==

There are two main principles in the base of “Unified theory of interactions”:
1) The “Principle of Absolute Transitions”:
The absolute transitions, is momentary transitions between absolutely differentiated conditions
of the matter, and they are do not exist in the time.
Or, by other words:
The transitions between two physical values, that realize only stepwise (in a trice), without
intermediate values, do not exist in the nature.
2) The geometrical principle:
The character of interactions between subparts of matter is defined only by their geometry.

== IV. Postulates ==

For the “Unified theory of interactions” we have three basic postulates:
1) The velocity of changes of the interactions is always constant and equal to velocity of
electromagnetic waves in the vacuum.
2) The changes of the interactions always occurs with intermediate physical values.
This postulate correlate with the “Principle of Absolute Transitions” of theory (see above).
3) The conversion between two kinds of the matter have place only through “Resonance
Transition”.
“Resonance Transition” is such transition, which happens only when the relative velocity of
interactions aspire to exceed the velocity of electromagnetic waves in the vacuum. That
condition should escapes via power resonance that will cause the “Resonance Transition” of
one kind of matter to other one.
Therefore, we have few basic important conclusions:
1) The “absolute quiescence” and “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) are impossible and
they do not exist.
Explanation: The “absolute emptiness” and the matter cannot detect and affect each other. We
cannot to adopt that the “absolute emptiness”, which can be described by property of “absolute
quiescence” in its parts, can be transited to the perpetually dynamic matter, by reason of
restrictions of the Postulate no.2.
2) The particles cannot to be absolutely dense and absolutely solid.
Explanation: We cannot to adopt that the absolutely dense and absolutely solid matter, which
can be described by property of “absolute quiescence” in its part, can be transited to the
perpetually dynamic matter (ether, electromagnetic field), by reason of restrictions of the
Postulate no.2.
3) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” is impossible. Theoretically, the object which was
placed to the “absolute emptiness” and got the impulse will not move by means of inertia, i.e.
will not keep in moving. Accordingly with this, the “absolute emptiness” looks like absolutely
tenacious ambience. So, Aristotle’s conclusion about “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing)
was partly incorrect.
It must correlate with philosophic principle of minimal action: “if nothing does affect to the
body, then nothing does occur with them”.

== V. The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles ==

To unify all interactions in the single unified one, we have to consider new model of elementary
particles, called as “Spheromod”.
“Spheromod” is a model of particle in form of sphere which have some “mod” – the complex of
physical characteristics that can be described by physical values (it maybe few known constants),
which probably contains velocity of light, frequency, power, radius of particles, etc. In fact, it is
possible, to describe those values, using experimental data.
In the “Spheromod” model the particles represented as spherical formed material substance in
structure where substance is electromagnetic field. All known forces, by means of which any two
particles make their interactions, are only the resulting of unified forces between components of four
conditional pairs of front and rear semi-spheres – parts (sides) of those particles, relatively oriented in
the space:
1. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle,
or simply the “front-front” pair;
2. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “front-rear” pair;
3. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-front” pair;
4. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-rear” pair.

The sum of attractive forces have effect between component
parts of “front-front” and “rear-rear” pairs of semi-spheres of two protons have advantages over the
sum of repulsive forces between components of “front-rear” and “rear-front” pairs of semi-spheres of
two protons while the distance between protons is smaller than RoT and don’t have these advantages
on the distance between protons bigger than RoT.
According with “Spheromod” model the particles forms out from the power (force) lines of
electromagnetic field which are base of material substance, and destroys into them.
According with rule of “Transitional resonance” and with “Principle of absolute transitions” the
particles can converted into the lines or quantums of electromagnetic field (photons) and converted
back only when power resonance is happens. The power resonance generally have place only when the
relative velocity of interactions have tendency to exceed the velocity of light.

== VI. Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the electromagnetic force represents as dominance of sum
of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle.
Therefore, we have a summary force for the resulting interaction of two particles which differs on
two side of RoT and differs for different two pairs of particles, where first one is pair of similar
identically electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-proton, and second one is pair of mutually
adversatively electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-electron.
On the distance, larger than RoT, the full interaction have a very big forces as its source, but the
summary (or resulting) interaction represents very small part of full interaction, which we calls an
electromagnetic attraction or repulsion.
For the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually attractive.
For the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually repulsive.
The main function of interactions between any pair of entitled semi-spheres of the particles is
inverse-square dependency of force from distance.

== VII. The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the nuclear and other strong forces represents as dominance
of sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle.
On the distance, smaller than RoT, the full and the summary (or resulting) interaction have a very
big forces as its source, which represented basically by entitled force which have place in the first
(front-front) pair of semi-spheres:
1) for the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually attractive, and we know them
as nuclear forces;
2) for the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually repulsive, and it does cause the
springy repulse of electrons on the protons and keep electron away from atom nuclear on its
discrete orbit.
The summary attraction in two (front-front and rear-rear) pairs of semi-spheres near to “Radius of
Transition” is very predominated over the summary repulsion in other two pairs (front-rear and rearfront)
of semi-spheres of two particles.

== VIII. Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation ==

The essence of gravitation can be easy explained using “Spheromod” model of the particles. The
forces of resulting nuclear attraction between similar particles (e.g. protons) on a distance greater than
“Radius of Transition” are fully compensated by electromagnetic forces of resulting repulsion. But in
cause of closer location the first pair of forces which is front-front attractive force, they have dominant
increment of dynamically changed value when the distance between protons get decrease. Thus, this
increment of resulting force of entitled pairs is a gravitation force.
The increment of resulting force having place between proton and electron (or other pair of
electrically adversatively charged particles) looks as kind of anti-gravitation forces. But this one could
explain the quantum-mechanical effects in the atom: why electron does not fall down to the proton and
it have stable orbit, energy, and magnetic and rotation moments, etc.
With electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation we’ve got the universal triad:
Gravitation ≡ Inertia;
Inertia ≡ Motion;
Gravitation ≡ Motion.
And the principle of equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass is fully validated now.

== IX. Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions: ==

1) The gravitational fields, gravitational waves and gravitational quantumes (gravitons) do not
exist.
2) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) is impossible.
3) The First Principle of Isaac Newton’s mechanics, which is known as the law of inertia is
incorrect.
Consequently, we have to declare new (corrected) principles of mechanics:
The mass, to which do not acted by forces, stays in the quiescence.
Or, if the forces do not act to the mass, the mass will keep in the quiescence.
And,
The inertia is a motion by means of summary gravitational forces of all masses in the Universe.
Therefore,
The mass moves (aspires to moving) on the zero-trajectory, through the points where the summary
forces are equal to nil.
Last principle may be called “Principle of zero-trajectory”.
4) In principle, it is impossible for the matter to existing in absolute zero condition, which can be
called as absolute quiescence. The gravitation (as well as motion) does not exist in that
condition.
5) The gravitation is a relative property of the material substance. Increasing velocity of motion of
particle increases its mass.
6) Gravitational waves are not waves of gravitational field, they are possibly the super long waves
of electromagnetic field, if they really exists and can be detected.
7) The inertial systems of coordinates have not absolute differentials with non-inertial ones
because both of them are accelerated systems of coordinates. The bodies in the inertial systems
of coordinates move with super-weak acceleration caused by its gravitational interaction with
masses of Universe. Only the electromagnetic waves can move without acceleration relative to
its source.
8) The size of the particles is not absolute, and probably should be changed in condition of ultra
high pressure, i.e. in the centers of quasars or in the centers of objects recognized as “black
holes” in the centers of galaxies.
Therefore, possibly we may to declare the principle of “metrical adequacy”, in the “Unified
theory of interactions” to explain such possibilities.
Generally it sounds as this: “The metrics of the material substances correlates with density of
the electromagnetic field which have place around them”.
Probably, it can explain the displacement to red in the spectrum of the galaxies and quasars.
Also, in this way, the gravitation force must correlate with size of particle. May be it is one of
cause which explains why black holes are impossible. This question still open in the “Unified
theory of interactions”.
9) The Big Bang is impossible scenarios of Universe’s birth. Universe’s masses cannot move into
the absolutely vacuum space without gravitational sources of force of the inertia.
10) The free motion – inertia – is accelerated as result of gravitational interaction between probe
mass and Universe’s one.
11) Black holes probably are impossible condition of existence of gravitated masses. The
gravitation depends on masses motion, but in the “dark holes” the motion is ultra slow, because
the time is slowed down there. And the quiescence of matter in the stopped time is impossible
for the continuous space-time, if the postulate no.2 of the “Unified theory of forces” is
declared.
Thereunto, the velocity and acceleration of the inertial motion correlates with gravitation in the
center of the “black hole”.
12) On the big distance the masses in the galaxies (and objects greater of them) moves around their
centers with moving away by means of accelerated inertia. It may explain the various forms of
galaxies.
13) The cause of high velocity (and energy) of cosmic rays is accelerated inertia.
14) The short and serial gamma-bursts possibly are the results of crashing of two and more cosmic
objects which moving with ultra high velocity. The cause of their ultra velocity is accelerated
inertia.
15) The “dark matter” isn’t real material bodies, but the resulting effects of the accelerated inertia.
16) The “dark force” probably is an effect of the accelerated inertia.

----

* Full version of the manuscript of “Unified theory of interactions” available only in Russian language yet.

== References ==

[1] Bert Schroer, “String theory and the crisis in particle physics” (2006), arXiv:physics/0603112
v2. 
[2] Paolo Lipari, “Problems in high energy astrophysics” (2008), arXiv:0808.0417v1 [astro-ph]. 
[3] “Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. I. Updated illas plot
and radiation-loss constraints”, Ksenia Ptitsyna and Sergey Troitsky (2008), arXiv:0808.0367v1
[astro-ph]. 
[4] “Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris,
and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph]. 
[5] “Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale”
D.J. Kapner,∗ T.S. Cook, E.G. Adelberger, J.H. Gundlach, B.R. Heckel, C.D. Hoyle, and H.E.
Swanson (2006), arXiv:hep-ph/0611184v1

Archive:Unified Theory of Interactions

2008-09-18T12:30:29Z

92.47.242.150:

== Unified Theory of Interactions ==

(short description, main thesises)*

by Kanat B. Abildinov 
Kazakhstan, Almaty 
E-mail: abildinov@msn.com 

== ABSTRACT ==

The unified theory of interactions is a main problem of General Physics and Physics of Elementary
Particles. Using few basic principles we could solve some problems in the experimental physics and in
the astronomic and astrophysical observations and try to unify all known interactions into the one
universal.

== CONTENTS ==

Introduction
Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions
Basic principles
Postulates
The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles
Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions
The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions
Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation
Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions

==
I. Introduction ==

There are four kinds of interactions in our Universe, their names: electromagnetic, strong, weak
and gravitational. In the standard model electromagnetic and weak forces was combined and
represented as unified electroweak force in the Grand Unification of three called interactions except for
gravitational.
The main problem of Physics is a building of Unified Theory of Everything, so-called Super
Unification theory, or the theory of matter (field).
It is now known that the classic mechanics and the quantum field theory, which is consistent with
quantum mechanics and special relativity, cannot to unite four known interactions by single unified
one. It was main aim in the 30 last years in the Einstein’s life. At present we have a crisis in particle
physics [1] and problems in high energy astrophysics [2], such as unexplained energy and sources of
ultrarelativistic charged particles (ultra-high-energy cosmic rays) [2, 3], the problems of the “dark
matter” [4] and “dark energy” [4, 5] in the Universe, and the problem in the Cosmology, such as
acceleration models of the Universe [4] which cannot be admitted by the philosophic principles, and by
this cause cannot be understood by most of peoples.
Trying to resolve some of these problems, we can consider new theory based on philosophic
principles and on the geometric one. It is the Unified Theory of Interactions (UTI).

== II. Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions ==

The matter is continuous and infrangible, because nothing exists except of matter.
The matter cannot to be split by absolutely different kind of objects, for example by means of
“absolute emptiness”.
The matter has two kinds: tenuous – field (ether, material space, physical vacuum) and compacted
– energy substance. And the matter has its unified subpart.
The material objects exist in the time because they are changeable and can detect other material
objects and can affect them.
In chime with this we have a following.

== III. Basic principles ==

There are two main principles in the base of “Unified theory of interactions”:
1) The “Principle of Absolute Transitions”:
The absolute transitions, is momentary transitions between absolutely differentiated conditions
of the matter, and they are do not exist in the time.
Or, by other words:
The transitions between two physical values, that realize only stepwise (in a trice), without
intermediate values, do not exist in the nature.
2) The geometrical principle:
The character of interactions between subparts of matter is defined only by their geometry.

== IV. Postulates ==

For the “Unified theory of interactions” we have three basic postulates:
1) The velocity of changes of the interactions is always constant and equal to velocity of
electromagnetic waves in the vacuum.
2) The changes of the interactions always occurs with intermediate physical values.
This postulate correlate with the “Principle of Absolute Transitions” of theory (see above).
3) The conversion between two kinds of the matter have place only through “Resonance
Transition”.
“Resonance Transition” is such transition, which happens only when the relative velocity of
interactions aspire to exceed the velocity of electromagnetic waves in the vacuum. That
condition should escapes via power resonance that will cause the “Resonance Transition” of
one kind of matter to other one.
Therefore, we have few basic important conclusions:
1) The “absolute quiescence” and “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) are impossible and
they do not exist.
Explanation: The “absolute emptiness” and the matter cannot detect and affect each other. We
cannot to adopt that the “absolute emptiness”, which can be described by property of “absolute
quiescence” in its parts, can be transited to the perpetually dynamic matter, by reason of
restrictions of the Postulate no.2.
2) The particles cannot to be absolutely dense and absolutely solid.
Explanation: We cannot to adopt that the absolutely dense and absolutely solid matter, which
can be described by property of “absolute quiescence” in its part, can be transited to the
perpetually dynamic matter (ether, electromagnetic field), by reason of restrictions of the
Postulate no.2.
3) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” is impossible. Theoretically, the object which was
placed to the “absolute emptiness” and got the impulse will not move by means of inertia, i.e.
will not keep in moving. Accordingly with this, the “absolute emptiness” looks like absolutely
tenacious ambience. So, Aristotle’s conclusion about “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing)
was partly incorrect.
It must correlate with philosophic principle of minimal action: “if nothing does affect to the
body, then nothing does occur with them”.

== V. The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles ==

To unify all interactions in the single unified one, we have to consider new model of elementary
particles, called as “Spheromod”.
“Spheromod” is a model of particle in form of sphere which have some “mod” – the complex of
physical characteristics that can be described by physical values (it maybe few known constants),
which probably contains velocity of light, frequency, power, radius of particles, etc. In fact, it is
possible, to describe those values, using experimental data.
In the “Spheromod” model the particles represented as spherical formed material substance in
structure where substance is electromagnetic field. All known forces, by means of which any two
particles make their interactions, are only the resulting of unified forces between components of four
conditional pairs of front and rear semi-spheres – parts (sides) of those particles, relatively oriented in
the space:
1. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle,
or simply the “front-front” pair;
2. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “front-rear” pair;
3. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-front” pair;
4. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-rear” pair.

The sum of attractive forces have effect between component
parts of “front-front” and “rear-rear” pairs of semi-spheres of two protons have advantages over the
sum of repulsive forces between components of “front-rear” and “rear-front” pairs of semi-spheres of
two protons while the distance between protons is smaller than RoT and don’t have these advantages
on the distance between protons bigger than RoT.
According with “Spheromod” model the particles forms out from the power (force) lines of
electromagnetic field which are base of material substance, and destroys into them.
According with rule of “Transitional resonance” and with “Principle of absolute transitions” the
particles can converted into the lines or quantums of electromagnetic field (photons) and converted
back only when power resonance is happens. The power resonance generally have place only when the
relative velocity of interactions have tendency to exceed the velocity of light.

== VI. Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the electromagnetic force represents as dominance of sum
of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle.
Therefore, we have a summary force for the resulting interaction of two particles which differs on
two side of RoT and differs for different two pairs of particles, where first one is pair of similar
identically electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-proton, and second one is pair of mutually
adversatively electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-electron.
On the distance, larger than RoT, the full interaction have a very big forces as its source, but the
summary (or resulting) interaction represents very small part of full interaction, which we calls an
electromagnetic attraction or repulsion.
For the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually attractive.
For the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually repulsive.
The main function of interactions between any pair of entitled semi-spheres of the particles is
inverse-square dependency of force from distance.

== VII. The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the nuclear and other strong forces represents as dominance
of sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle.
On the distance, smaller than RoT, the full and the summary (or resulting) interaction have a very
big forces as its source, which represented basically by entitled force which have place in the first
(front-front) pair of semi-spheres:
1) for the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually attractive, and we know them
as nuclear forces;
2) for the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually repulsive, and it does cause the
springy repulse of electrons on the protons and keep electron away from atom nuclear on its
discrete orbit.
The summary attraction in two (front-front and rear-rear) pairs of semi-spheres near to “Radius of
Transition” is very predominated over the summary repulsion in other two pairs (front-rear and rearfront)
of semi-spheres of two particles.

== VIII. Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation ==

The essence of gravitation can be easy explained using “Spheromod” model of the particles. The
forces of resulting nuclear attraction between similar particles (e.g. protons) on a distance greater than
“Radius of Transition” are fully compensated by electromagnetic forces of resulting repulsion. But in
cause of closer location the first pair of forces which is front-front attractive force, they have dominant
increment of dynamically changed value when the distance between protons get decrease. Thus, this
increment of resulting force of entitled pairs is a gravitation force.
The increment of resulting force having place between proton and electron (or other pair of
electrically adversatively charged particles) looks as kind of anti-gravitation forces. But this one could
explain the quantum-mechanical effects in the atom: why electron does not fall down to the proton and
it have stable orbit, energy, and magnetic and rotation moments, etc.
With electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation we’ve got the universal triad:
Gravitation ≡ Inertia;
Inertia ≡ Motion;
Gravitation ≡ Motion.
And the principle of equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass is fully validated now.

== IX. Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions: ==

1) The gravitational fields, gravitational waves and gravitational quantumes (gravitons) do not
exist.
2) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) is impossible.
3) The First Principle of Isaac Newton’s mechanics, which is known as the law of inertia is
incorrect.
Consequently, we have to declare new (corrected) principles of mechanics:
The mass, to which do not acted by forces, stays in the quiescence.
Or, if the forces do not act to the mass, the mass will keep in the quiescence.
And,
The inertia is a motion by means of summary gravitational forces of all masses in the Universe.
Therefore,
The mass moves (aspires to moving) on the zero-trajectory, through the points where the summary
forces are equal to nil.
Last principle may be called “Principle of zero-trajectory”.
4) In principle, it is impossible for the matter to existing in absolute zero condition, which can be
called as absolute quiescence. The gravitation (as well as motion) does not exist in that
condition.
5) The gravitation is a relative property of the material substance. Increasing velocity of motion of
particle increases its mass.
6) Gravitational waves are not waves of gravitational field, they are possibly the super long waves
of electromagnetic field, if they really exists and can be detected.
7) The inertial systems of coordinates have not absolute differentials with non-inertial ones
because both of them are accelerated systems of coordinates. The bodies in the inertial systems
of coordinates move with super-weak acceleration caused by its gravitational interaction with
masses of Universe. Only the electromagnetic waves can move without acceleration relative to
its source.
8) The size of the particles is not absolute, and probably should be changed in condition of ultra
high pressure, i.e. in the centers of quasars or in the centers of objects recognized as “black
holes” in the centers of galaxies.
Therefore, possibly we may to declare the principle of “metrical adequacy”, in the “Unified
theory of interactions” to explain such possibilities.
Generally it sounds as this: “The metrics of the material substances correlates with density of
the electromagnetic field which have place around them”.
Probably, it can explain the displacement to red in the spectrum of the galaxies and quasars.
Also, in this way, the gravitation force must correlate with size of particle. May be it is one of
cause which explains why black holes are impossible. This question still open in the “Unified
theory of interactions”.
9) The Big Bang is impossible scenarios of Universe’s birth. Universe’s masses cannot move into
the absolutely vacuum space without gravitational sources of force of the inertia.
10) The free motion – inertia – is accelerated as result of gravitational interaction between probe
mass and Universe’s one.
11) Black holes probably are impossible condition of existence of gravitated masses. The
gravitation depends on masses motion, but in the “dark holes” the motion is ultra slow, because
the time is slowed down there. And the quiescence of matter in the stopped time is impossible
for the continuous space-time, if the postulate no.2 of the “Unified theory of forces” is
declared.
Thereunto, the velocity and acceleration of the inertial motion correlates with gravitation in the
center of the “black hole”.
12) On the big distance the masses in the galaxies (and objects greater of them) moves around their
centers with moving away by means of accelerated inertia. It may explain the various forms of
galaxies.
13) The cause of high velocity (and energy) of cosmic rays is accelerated inertia.
14) The short and serial gamma-bursts possibly are the results of crashing of two and more cosmic
objects which moving with ultra high velocity. The cause of their ultra velocity is accelerated
inertia.
15) The “dark matter” isn’t real material bodies, but the resulting effects of the accelerated inertia.
16) The “dark force” probably is an effect of the accelerated inertia.

----

* Full version of the manuscript of “Unified theory of interactions” available only in Russian language yet.

== References ==

[1] Bert Schroer, “String theory and the crisis in particle physics” (2006), arXiv:physics/0603112
v2. 
[2] Paolo Lipari, “Problems in high energy astrophysics” (2008), arXiv:0808.0417v1 [astro-ph]. 
[3] “Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. I. Updated illas plot
and radiation-loss constraints”, Ksenia Ptitsyna and Sergey Troitsky (2008), arXiv:0808.0367v1
[astro-ph]. 
[4] “Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris,
and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph]. 
[5] “Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale”
D.J. Kapner,∗ T.S. Cook, E.G. Adelberger, J.H. Gundlach, B.R. Heckel, C.D. Hoyle, and H.E.
Swanson (2006), arXiv:hep-ph/0611184v1

Archive:Unified Theory of Interactions

2008-09-18T12:29:29Z

92.47.242.150:

== Unified Theory of Interactions 
(short description, main thesises)* ==

by Kanat B. Abildinov 
Kazakhstan, Almaty 
E-mail: abildinov@msn.com 

== ABSTRACT ==

The unified theory of interactions is a main problem of General Physics and Physics of Elementary
Particles. Using few basic principles we could solve some problems in the experimental physics and in
the astronomic and astrophysical observations and try to unify all known interactions into the one
universal.

== CONTENTS ==

Introduction
Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions
Basic principles
Postulates
The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles
Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions
The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions
Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation
Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions

==
I. Introduction ==

There are four kinds of interactions in our Universe, their names: electromagnetic, strong, weak
and gravitational. In the standard model electromagnetic and weak forces was combined and
represented as unified electroweak force in the Grand Unification of three called interactions except for
gravitational.
The main problem of Physics is a building of Unified Theory of Everything, so-called Super
Unification theory, or the theory of matter (field).
It is now known that the classic mechanics and the quantum field theory, which is consistent with
quantum mechanics and special relativity, cannot to unite four known interactions by single unified
one. It was main aim in the 30 last years in the Einstein’s life. At present we have a crisis in particle
physics [1] and problems in high energy astrophysics [2], such as unexplained energy and sources of
ultrarelativistic charged particles (ultra-high-energy cosmic rays) [2, 3], the problems of the “dark
matter” [4] and “dark energy” [4, 5] in the Universe, and the problem in the Cosmology, such as
acceleration models of the Universe [4] which cannot be admitted by the philosophic principles, and by
this cause cannot be understood by most of peoples.
Trying to resolve some of these problems, we can consider new theory based on philosophic
principles and on the geometric one. It is the Unified Theory of Interactions (UTI).

== II. Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions ==

The matter is continuous and infrangible, because nothing exists except of matter.
The matter cannot to be split by absolutely different kind of objects, for example by means of
“absolute emptiness”.
The matter has two kinds: tenuous – field (ether, material space, physical vacuum) and compacted
– energy substance. And the matter has its unified subpart.
The material objects exist in the time because they are changeable and can detect other material
objects and can affect them.
In chime with this we have a following.

== III. Basic principles ==

There are two main principles in the base of “Unified theory of interactions”:
1) The “Principle of Absolute Transitions”:
The absolute transitions, is momentary transitions between absolutely differentiated conditions
of the matter, and they are do not exist in the time.
Or, by other words:
The transitions between two physical values, that realize only stepwise (in a trice), without
intermediate values, do not exist in the nature.
2) The geometrical principle:
The character of interactions between subparts of matter is defined only by their geometry.

== IV. Postulates ==

For the “Unified theory of interactions” we have three basic postulates:
1) The velocity of changes of the interactions is always constant and equal to velocity of
electromagnetic waves in the vacuum.
2) The changes of the interactions always occurs with intermediate physical values.
This postulate correlate with the “Principle of Absolute Transitions” of theory (see above).
3) The conversion between two kinds of the matter have place only through “Resonance
Transition”.
“Resonance Transition” is such transition, which happens only when the relative velocity of
interactions aspire to exceed the velocity of electromagnetic waves in the vacuum. That
condition should escapes via power resonance that will cause the “Resonance Transition” of
one kind of matter to other one.
Therefore, we have few basic important conclusions:
1) The “absolute quiescence” and “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) are impossible and
they do not exist.
Explanation: The “absolute emptiness” and the matter cannot detect and affect each other. We
cannot to adopt that the “absolute emptiness”, which can be described by property of “absolute
quiescence” in its parts, can be transited to the perpetually dynamic matter, by reason of
restrictions of the Postulate no.2.
2) The particles cannot to be absolutely dense and absolutely solid.
Explanation: We cannot to adopt that the absolutely dense and absolutely solid matter, which
can be described by property of “absolute quiescence” in its part, can be transited to the
perpetually dynamic matter (ether, electromagnetic field), by reason of restrictions of the
Postulate no.2.
3) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” is impossible. Theoretically, the object which was
placed to the “absolute emptiness” and got the impulse will not move by means of inertia, i.e.
will not keep in moving. Accordingly with this, the “absolute emptiness” looks like absolutely
tenacious ambience. So, Aristotle’s conclusion about “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing)
was partly incorrect.
It must correlate with philosophic principle of minimal action: “if nothing does affect to the
body, then nothing does occur with them”.

== V. The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles ==

To unify all interactions in the single unified one, we have to consider new model of elementary
particles, called as “Spheromod”.
“Spheromod” is a model of particle in form of sphere which have some “mod” – the complex of
physical characteristics that can be described by physical values (it maybe few known constants),
which probably contains velocity of light, frequency, power, radius of particles, etc. In fact, it is
possible, to describe those values, using experimental data.
In the “Spheromod” model the particles represented as spherical formed material substance in
structure where substance is electromagnetic field. All known forces, by means of which any two
particles make their interactions, are only the resulting of unified forces between components of four
conditional pairs of front and rear semi-spheres – parts (sides) of those particles, relatively oriented in
the space:
1. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle,
or simply the “front-front” pair;
2. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “front-rear” pair;
3. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-front” pair;
4. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-rear” pair.

The sum of attractive forces have effect between component
parts of “front-front” and “rear-rear” pairs of semi-spheres of two protons have advantages over the
sum of repulsive forces between components of “front-rear” and “rear-front” pairs of semi-spheres of
two protons while the distance between protons is smaller than RoT and don’t have these advantages
on the distance between protons bigger than RoT.
According with “Spheromod” model the particles forms out from the power (force) lines of
electromagnetic field which are base of material substance, and destroys into them.
According with rule of “Transitional resonance” and with “Principle of absolute transitions” the
particles can converted into the lines or quantums of electromagnetic field (photons) and converted
back only when power resonance is happens. The power resonance generally have place only when the
relative velocity of interactions have tendency to exceed the velocity of light.

== VI. Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the electromagnetic force represents as dominance of sum
of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle.
Therefore, we have a summary force for the resulting interaction of two particles which differs on
two side of RoT and differs for different two pairs of particles, where first one is pair of similar
identically electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-proton, and second one is pair of mutually
adversatively electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-electron.
On the distance, larger than RoT, the full interaction have a very big forces as its source, but the
summary (or resulting) interaction represents very small part of full interaction, which we calls an
electromagnetic attraction or repulsion.
For the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually attractive.
For the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually repulsive.
The main function of interactions between any pair of entitled semi-spheres of the particles is
inverse-square dependency of force from distance.

== VII. The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the nuclear and other strong forces represents as dominance
of sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle.
On the distance, smaller than RoT, the full and the summary (or resulting) interaction have a very
big forces as its source, which represented basically by entitled force which have place in the first
(front-front) pair of semi-spheres:
1) for the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually attractive, and we know them
as nuclear forces;
2) for the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually repulsive, and it does cause the
springy repulse of electrons on the protons and keep electron away from atom nuclear on its
discrete orbit.
The summary attraction in two (front-front and rear-rear) pairs of semi-spheres near to “Radius of
Transition” is very predominated over the summary repulsion in other two pairs (front-rear and rearfront)
of semi-spheres of two particles.

== VIII. Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation ==

The essence of gravitation can be easy explained using “Spheromod” model of the particles. The
forces of resulting nuclear attraction between similar particles (e.g. protons) on a distance greater than
“Radius of Transition” are fully compensated by electromagnetic forces of resulting repulsion. But in
cause of closer location the first pair of forces which is front-front attractive force, they have dominant
increment of dynamically changed value when the distance between protons get decrease. Thus, this
increment of resulting force of entitled pairs is a gravitation force.
The increment of resulting force having place between proton and electron (or other pair of
electrically adversatively charged particles) looks as kind of anti-gravitation forces. But this one could
explain the quantum-mechanical effects in the atom: why electron does not fall down to the proton and
it have stable orbit, energy, and magnetic and rotation moments, etc.
With electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation we’ve got the universal triad:
Gravitation ≡ Inertia;
Inertia ≡ Motion;
Gravitation ≡ Motion.
And the principle of equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass is fully validated now.

== IX. Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions: ==

1) The gravitational fields, gravitational waves and gravitational quantumes (gravitons) do not
exist.
2) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) is impossible.
3) The First Principle of Isaac Newton’s mechanics, which is known as the law of inertia is
incorrect.
Consequently, we have to declare new (corrected) principles of mechanics:
The mass, to which do not acted by forces, stays in the quiescence.
Or, if the forces do not act to the mass, the mass will keep in the quiescence.
And,
The inertia is a motion by means of summary gravitational forces of all masses in the Universe.
Therefore,
The mass moves (aspires to moving) on the zero-trajectory, through the points where the summary
forces are equal to nil.
Last principle may be called “Principle of zero-trajectory”.
4) In principle, it is impossible for the matter to existing in absolute zero condition, which can be
called as absolute quiescence. The gravitation (as well as motion) does not exist in that
condition.
5) The gravitation is a relative property of the material substance. Increasing velocity of motion of
particle increases its mass.
6) Gravitational waves are not waves of gravitational field, they are possibly the super long waves
of electromagnetic field, if they really exists and can be detected.
7) The inertial systems of coordinates have not absolute differentials with non-inertial ones
because both of them are accelerated systems of coordinates. The bodies in the inertial systems
of coordinates move with super-weak acceleration caused by its gravitational interaction with
masses of Universe. Only the electromagnetic waves can move without acceleration relative to
its source.
8) The size of the particles is not absolute, and probably should be changed in condition of ultra
high pressure, i.e. in the centers of quasars or in the centers of objects recognized as “black
holes” in the centers of galaxies.
Therefore, possibly we may to declare the principle of “metrical adequacy”, in the “Unified
theory of interactions” to explain such possibilities.
Generally it sounds as this: “The metrics of the material substances correlates with density of
the electromagnetic field which have place around them”.
Probably, it can explain the displacement to red in the spectrum of the galaxies and quasars.
Also, in this way, the gravitation force must correlate with size of particle. May be it is one of
cause which explains why black holes are impossible. This question still open in the “Unified
theory of interactions”.
9) The Big Bang is impossible scenarios of Universe’s birth. Universe’s masses cannot move into
the absolutely vacuum space without gravitational sources of force of the inertia.
10) The free motion – inertia – is accelerated as result of gravitational interaction between probe
mass and Universe’s one.
11) Black holes probably are impossible condition of existence of gravitated masses. The
gravitation depends on masses motion, but in the “dark holes” the motion is ultra slow, because
the time is slowed down there. And the quiescence of matter in the stopped time is impossible
for the continuous space-time, if the postulate no.2 of the “Unified theory of forces” is
declared.
Thereunto, the velocity and acceleration of the inertial motion correlates with gravitation in the
center of the “black hole”.
12) On the big distance the masses in the galaxies (and objects greater of them) moves around their
centers with moving away by means of accelerated inertia. It may explain the various forms of
galaxies.
13) The cause of high velocity (and energy) of cosmic rays is accelerated inertia.
14) The short and serial gamma-bursts possibly are the results of crashing of two and more cosmic
objects which moving with ultra high velocity. The cause of their ultra velocity is accelerated
inertia.
15) The “dark matter” isn’t real material bodies, but the resulting effects of the accelerated inertia.
16) The “dark force” probably is an effect of the accelerated inertia.

----

* Full version of the manuscript of “Unified theory of interactions” available only in Russian language yet.

== References ==

[1] Bert Schroer, “String theory and the crisis in particle physics” (2006), arXiv:physics/0603112
v2. 
[2] Paolo Lipari, “Problems in high energy astrophysics” (2008), arXiv:0808.0417v1 [astro-ph]. 
[3] “Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. I. Updated illas plot
and radiation-loss constraints”, Ksenia Ptitsyna and Sergey Troitsky (2008), arXiv:0808.0367v1
[astro-ph]. 
[4] “Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris,
and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph]. 
[5] “Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale”
D.J. Kapner,∗ T.S. Cook, E.G. Adelberger, J.H. Gundlach, B.R. Heckel, C.D. Hoyle, and H.E.
Swanson (2006), arXiv:hep-ph/0611184v1

Archive:Unified Theory of Interactions

2008-09-18T12:27:38Z

92.47.242.150: /* Unified Theory of Interactions */

"Unified Theory of Interactions" created by Kanat B. Abildinov is new theory of everything.

== Unified Theory of Interactions 
(short description, main thesises)* ==

by Kanat B. Abildinov 
Kazakhstan, Almaty 
E-mail: abildinov@msn.com 

== ABSTRACT ==

The unified theory of interactions is a main problem of General Physics and Physics of Elementary
Particles. Using few basic principles we could solve some problems in the experimental physics and in
the astronomic and astrophysical observations and try to unify all known interactions into the one
universal.

== CONTENTS ==

I. Introduction
II. Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions
III. Basic principles
IV. Postulates
V. The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles
VI. Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions
VII. The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions
VIII. Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation
IX. Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions

==
I. Introduction ==

There are four kinds of interactions in our Universe, their names: electromagnetic, strong, weak
and gravitational. In the standard model electromagnetic and weak forces was combined and
represented as unified electroweak force in the Grand Unification of three called interactions except for
gravitational.
The main problem of Physics is a building of Unified Theory of Everything, so-called Super
Unification theory, or the theory of matter (field).
It is now known that the classic mechanics and the quantum field theory, which is consistent with
quantum mechanics and special relativity, cannot to unite four known interactions by single unified
one. It was main aim in the 30 last years in the Einstein’s life. At present we have a crisis in particle
physics [1] and problems in high energy astrophysics [2], such as unexplained energy and sources of
ultrarelativistic charged particles (ultra-high-energy cosmic rays) [2, 3], the problems of the “dark
matter” [4] and “dark energy” [4, 5] in the Universe, and the problem in the Cosmology, such as
acceleration models of the Universe [4] which cannot be admitted by the philosophic principles, and by
this cause cannot be understood by most of peoples.
Trying to resolve some of these problems, we can consider new theory based on philosophic
principles and on the geometric one. It is the Unified Theory of Interactions (UTI).

== II. Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions ==

The matter is continuous and infrangible, because nothing exists except of matter.
The matter cannot to be split by absolutely different kind of objects, for example by means of
“absolute emptiness”.
The matter has two kinds: tenuous – field (ether, material space, physical vacuum) and compacted
– energy substance. And the matter has its unified subpart.
The material objects exist in the time because they are changeable and can detect other material
objects and can affect them.
In chime with this we have a following.

== III. Basic principles ==

There are two main principles in the base of “Unified theory of interactions”:
1) The “Principle of Absolute Transitions”:
The absolute transitions, is momentary transitions between absolutely differentiated conditions
of the matter, and they are do not exist in the time.
Or, by other words:
The transitions between two physical values, that realize only stepwise (in a trice), without
intermediate values, do not exist in the nature.
2) The geometrical principle:
The character of interactions between subparts of matter is defined only by their geometry.

== IV. Postulates ==

For the “Unified theory of interactions” we have three basic postulates:
1) The velocity of changes of the interactions is always constant and equal to velocity of
electromagnetic waves in the vacuum.
2) The changes of the interactions always occurs with intermediate physical values.
This postulate correlate with the “Principle of Absolute Transitions” of theory (see above).
3) The conversion between two kinds of the matter have place only through “Resonance
Transition”.
“Resonance Transition” is such transition, which happens only when the relative velocity of
interactions aspire to exceed the velocity of electromagnetic waves in the vacuum. That
condition should escapes via power resonance that will cause the “Resonance Transition” of
one kind of matter to other one.
Therefore, we have few basic important conclusions:
1) The “absolute quiescence” and “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) are impossible and
they do not exist.
Explanation: The “absolute emptiness” and the matter cannot detect and affect each other. We
cannot to adopt that the “absolute emptiness”, which can be described by property of “absolute
quiescence” in its parts, can be transited to the perpetually dynamic matter, by reason of
restrictions of the Postulate no.2.
2) The particles cannot to be absolutely dense and absolutely solid.
Explanation: We cannot to adopt that the absolutely dense and absolutely solid matter, which
can be described by property of “absolute quiescence” in its part, can be transited to the
perpetually dynamic matter (ether, electromagnetic field), by reason of restrictions of the
Postulate no.2.
3) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” is impossible. Theoretically, the object which was
placed to the “absolute emptiness” and got the impulse will not move by means of inertia, i.e.
will not keep in moving. Accordingly with this, the “absolute emptiness” looks like absolutely
tenacious ambience. So, Aristotle’s conclusion about “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing)
was partly incorrect.
It must correlate with philosophic principle of minimal action: “if nothing does affect to the
body, then nothing does occur with them”.

== V. The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles ==

To unify all interactions in the single unified one, we have to consider new model of elementary
particles, called as “Spheromod”.
“Spheromod” is a model of particle in form of sphere which have some “mod” – the complex of
physical characteristics that can be described by physical values (it maybe few known constants),
which probably contains velocity of light, frequency, power, radius of particles, etc. In fact, it is
possible, to describe those values, using experimental data.
In the “Spheromod” model the particles represented as spherical formed material substance in
structure where substance is electromagnetic field. All known forces, by means of which any two
particles make their interactions, are only the resulting of unified forces between components of four
conditional pairs of front and rear semi-spheres – parts (sides) of those particles, relatively oriented in
the space:
1. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle,
or simply the “front-front” pair;
2. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “front-rear” pair;
3. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-front” pair;
4. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-rear” pair.

The sum of attractive forces have effect between component
parts of “front-front” and “rear-rear” pairs of semi-spheres of two protons have advantages over the
sum of repulsive forces between components of “front-rear” and “rear-front” pairs of semi-spheres of
two protons while the distance between protons is smaller than RoT and don’t have these advantages
on the distance between protons bigger than RoT.
According with “Spheromod” model the particles forms out from the power (force) lines of
electromagnetic field which are base of material substance, and destroys into them.
According with rule of “Transitional resonance” and with “Principle of absolute transitions” the
particles can converted into the lines or quantums of electromagnetic field (photons) and converted
back only when power resonance is happens. The power resonance generally have place only when the
relative velocity of interactions have tendency to exceed the velocity of light.

== VI. Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the electromagnetic force represents as dominance of sum
of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle.
Therefore, we have a summary force for the resulting interaction of two particles which differs on
two side of RoT and differs for different two pairs of particles, where first one is pair of similar
identically electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-proton, and second one is pair of mutually
adversatively electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-electron.
On the distance, larger than RoT, the full interaction have a very big forces as its source, but the
summary (or resulting) interaction represents very small part of full interaction, which we calls an
electromagnetic attraction or repulsion.
For the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually attractive.
For the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually repulsive.
The main function of interactions between any pair of entitled semi-spheres of the particles is
inverse-square dependency of force from distance.

== VII. The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the nuclear and other strong forces represents as dominance
of sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle.
On the distance, smaller than RoT, the full and the summary (or resulting) interaction have a very
big forces as its source, which represented basically by entitled force which have place in the first
(front-front) pair of semi-spheres:
1) for the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually attractive, and we know them
as nuclear forces;
2) for the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually repulsive, and it does cause the
springy repulse of electrons on the protons and keep electron away from atom nuclear on its
discrete orbit.
The summary attraction in two (front-front and rear-rear) pairs of semi-spheres near to “Radius of
Transition” is very predominated over the summary repulsion in other two pairs (front-rear and rearfront)
of semi-spheres of two particles.

== VIII. Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation ==

The essence of gravitation can be easy explained using “Spheromod” model of the particles. The
forces of resulting nuclear attraction between similar particles (e.g. protons) on a distance greater than
“Radius of Transition” are fully compensated by electromagnetic forces of resulting repulsion. But in
cause of closer location the first pair of forces which is front-front attractive force, they have dominant
increment of dynamically changed value when the distance between protons get decrease. Thus, this
increment of resulting force of entitled pairs is a gravitation force.
The increment of resulting force having place between proton and electron (or other pair of
electrically adversatively charged particles) looks as kind of anti-gravitation forces. But this one could
explain the quantum-mechanical effects in the atom: why electron does not fall down to the proton and
it have stable orbit, energy, and magnetic and rotation moments, etc.
With electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation we’ve got the universal triad:
Gravitation ≡ Inertia;
Inertia ≡ Motion;
Gravitation ≡ Motion.
And the principle of equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass is fully validated now.

== IX. Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions: ==

1) The gravitational fields, gravitational waves and gravitational quantumes (gravitons) do not
exist.
2) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) is impossible.
3) The First Principle of Isaac Newton’s mechanics, which is known as the law of inertia is
incorrect.
Consequently, we have to declare new (corrected) principles of mechanics:
The mass, to which do not acted by forces, stays in the quiescence.
Or, if the forces do not act to the mass, the mass will keep in the quiescence.
And,
The inertia is a motion by means of summary gravitational forces of all masses in the Universe.
Therefore,
The mass moves (aspires to moving) on the zero-trajectory, through the points where the summary
forces are equal to nil.
Last principle may be called “Principle of zero-trajectory”.
4) In principle, it is impossible for the matter to existing in absolute zero condition, which can be
called as absolute quiescence. The gravitation (as well as motion) does not exist in that
condition.
5) The gravitation is a relative property of the material substance. Increasing velocity of motion of
particle increases its mass.
6) Gravitational waves are not waves of gravitational field, they are possibly the super long waves
of electromagnetic field, if they really exists and can be detected.
7) The inertial systems of coordinates have not absolute differentials with non-inertial ones
because both of them are accelerated systems of coordinates. The bodies in the inertial systems
of coordinates move with super-weak acceleration caused by its gravitational interaction with
masses of Universe. Only the electromagnetic waves can move without acceleration relative to
its source.
8) The size of the particles is not absolute, and probably should be changed in condition of ultra
high pressure, i.e. in the centers of quasars or in the centers of objects recognized as “black
holes” in the centers of galaxies.
Therefore, possibly we may to declare the principle of “metrical adequacy”, in the “Unified
theory of interactions” to explain such possibilities.
Generally it sounds as this: “The metrics of the material substances correlates with density of
the electromagnetic field which have place around them”.
Probably, it can explain the displacement to red in the spectrum of the galaxies and quasars.
Also, in this way, the gravitation force must correlate with size of particle. May be it is one of
cause which explains why black holes are impossible. This question still open in the “Unified
theory of interactions”.
9) The Big Bang is impossible scenarios of Universe’s birth. Universe’s masses cannot move into
the absolutely vacuum space without gravitational sources of force of the inertia.
10) The free motion – inertia – is accelerated as result of gravitational interaction between probe
mass and Universe’s one.
11) Black holes probably are impossible condition of existence of gravitated masses. The
gravitation depends on masses motion, but in the “dark holes” the motion is ultra slow, because
the time is slowed down there. And the quiescence of matter in the stopped time is impossible
for the continuous space-time, if the postulate no.2 of the “Unified theory of forces” is
declared.
Thereunto, the velocity and acceleration of the inertial motion correlates with gravitation in the
center of the “black hole”.
12) On the big distance the masses in the galaxies (and objects greater of them) moves around their
centers with moving away by means of accelerated inertia. It may explain the various forms of
galaxies.
13) The cause of high velocity (and energy) of cosmic rays is accelerated inertia.
14) The short and serial gamma-bursts possibly are the results of crashing of two and more cosmic
objects which moving with ultra high velocity. The cause of their ultra velocity is accelerated
inertia.
15) The “dark matter” isn’t real material bodies, but the resulting effects of the accelerated inertia.
16) The “dark force” probably is an effect of the accelerated inertia.

----

* Full version of the manuscript of “Unified theory of interactions” available only in Russian language yet.

== References ==

[1] Bert Schroer, “String theory and the crisis in particle physics” (2006), arXiv:physics/0603112
v2. 
[2] Paolo Lipari, “Problems in high energy astrophysics” (2008), arXiv:0808.0417v1 [astro-ph]. 
[3] “Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. I. Updated illas plot
and radiation-loss constraints”, Ksenia Ptitsyna and Sergey Troitsky (2008), arXiv:0808.0367v1
[astro-ph]. 
[4] “Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris,
and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph]. 
[5] “Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale”
D.J. Kapner,∗ T.S. Cook, E.G. Adelberger, J.H. Gundlach, B.R. Heckel, C.D. Hoyle, and H.E.
Swanson (2006), arXiv:hep-ph/0611184v1

Archive:Unified Theory of Interactions

2008-09-18T12:26:27Z

92.47.242.150: /* References */

"Unified Theory of Interactions" created by Kanat B. Abildinov is new theory of everything.

== Unified Theory of Interactions ==
(short description, main thesises)*

by Kanat B. Abildinov
Kazakhstan, Almaty
E-mail: abildinov@msn.com
ABSTRACT
The unified theory of interactions is a main problem of General Physics and Physics of Elementary
Particles. Using few basic principles we could solve some problems in the experimental physics and in
the astronomic and astrophysical observations and try to unify all known interactions into the one
universal.

== CONTENTS ==

I. Introduction
II. Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions
III. Basic principles
IV. Postulates
V. The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles
VI. Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions
VII. The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions
VIII. Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation
IX. Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions

==
I. Introduction ==

There are four kinds of interactions in our Universe, their names: electromagnetic, strong, weak
and gravitational. In the standard model electromagnetic and weak forces was combined and
represented as unified electroweak force in the Grand Unification of three called interactions except for
gravitational.
The main problem of Physics is a building of Unified Theory of Everything, so-called Super
Unification theory, or the theory of matter (field).
It is now known that the classic mechanics and the quantum field theory, which is consistent with
quantum mechanics and special relativity, cannot to unite four known interactions by single unified
one. It was main aim in the 30 last years in the Einstein’s life. At present we have a crisis in particle
physics [1] and problems in high energy astrophysics [2], such as unexplained energy and sources of
ultrarelativistic charged particles (ultra-high-energy cosmic rays) [2, 3], the problems of the “dark
matter” [4] and “dark energy” [4, 5] in the Universe, and the problem in the Cosmology, such as
acceleration models of the Universe [4] which cannot be admitted by the philosophic principles, and by
this cause cannot be understood by most of peoples.
Trying to resolve some of these problems, we can consider new theory based on philosophic
principles and on the geometric one. It is the Unified Theory of Interactions (UTI).

== II. Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions ==

The matter is continuous and infrangible, because nothing exists except of matter.
The matter cannot to be split by absolutely different kind of objects, for example by means of
“absolute emptiness”.
The matter has two kinds: tenuous – field (ether, material space, physical vacuum) and compacted
– energy substance. And the matter has its unified subpart.
The material objects exist in the time because they are changeable and can detect other material
objects and can affect them.
In chime with this we have a following.

== III. Basic principles ==

There are two main principles in the base of “Unified theory of interactions”:
1) The “Principle of Absolute Transitions”:
The absolute transitions, is momentary transitions between absolutely differentiated conditions
of the matter, and they are do not exist in the time.
Or, by other words:
The transitions between two physical values, that realize only stepwise (in a trice), without
intermediate values, do not exist in the nature.
2) The geometrical principle:
The character of interactions between subparts of matter is defined only by their geometry.

== IV. Postulates ==

For the “Unified theory of interactions” we have three basic postulates:
1) The velocity of changes of the interactions is always constant and equal to velocity of
electromagnetic waves in the vacuum.
2) The changes of the interactions always occurs with intermediate physical values.
This postulate correlate with the “Principle of Absolute Transitions” of theory (see above).
3) The conversion between two kinds of the matter have place only through “Resonance
Transition”.
“Resonance Transition” is such transition, which happens only when the relative velocity of
interactions aspire to exceed the velocity of electromagnetic waves in the vacuum. That
condition should escapes via power resonance that will cause the “Resonance Transition” of
one kind of matter to other one.
Therefore, we have few basic important conclusions:
1) The “absolute quiescence” and “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) are impossible and
they do not exist.
Explanation: The “absolute emptiness” and the matter cannot detect and affect each other. We
cannot to adopt that the “absolute emptiness”, which can be described by property of “absolute
quiescence” in its parts, can be transited to the perpetually dynamic matter, by reason of
restrictions of the Postulate no.2.
2) The particles cannot to be absolutely dense and absolutely solid.
Explanation: We cannot to adopt that the absolutely dense and absolutely solid matter, which
can be described by property of “absolute quiescence” in its part, can be transited to the
perpetually dynamic matter (ether, electromagnetic field), by reason of restrictions of the
Postulate no.2.
3) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” is impossible. Theoretically, the object which was
placed to the “absolute emptiness” and got the impulse will not move by means of inertia, i.e.
will not keep in moving. Accordingly with this, the “absolute emptiness” looks like absolutely
tenacious ambience. So, Aristotle’s conclusion about “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing)
was partly incorrect.
It must correlate with philosophic principle of minimal action: “if nothing does affect to the
body, then nothing does occur with them”.

== V. The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles ==

To unify all interactions in the single unified one, we have to consider new model of elementary
particles, called as “Spheromod”.
“Spheromod” is a model of particle in form of sphere which have some “mod” – the complex of
physical characteristics that can be described by physical values (it maybe few known constants),
which probably contains velocity of light, frequency, power, radius of particles, etc. In fact, it is
possible, to describe those values, using experimental data.
In the “Spheromod” model the particles represented as spherical formed material substance in
structure where substance is electromagnetic field. All known forces, by means of which any two
particles make their interactions, are only the resulting of unified forces between components of four
conditional pairs of front and rear semi-spheres – parts (sides) of those particles, relatively oriented in
the space:
1. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle,
or simply the “front-front” pair;
2. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “front-rear” pair;
3. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-front” pair;
4. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-rear” pair.

The sum of attractive forces have effect between component
parts of “front-front” and “rear-rear” pairs of semi-spheres of two protons have advantages over the
sum of repulsive forces between components of “front-rear” and “rear-front” pairs of semi-spheres of
two protons while the distance between protons is smaller than RoT and don’t have these advantages
on the distance between protons bigger than RoT.
According with “Spheromod” model the particles forms out from the power (force) lines of
electromagnetic field which are base of material substance, and destroys into them.
According with rule of “Transitional resonance” and with “Principle of absolute transitions” the
particles can converted into the lines or quantums of electromagnetic field (photons) and converted
back only when power resonance is happens. The power resonance generally have place only when the
relative velocity of interactions have tendency to exceed the velocity of light.

== VI. Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the electromagnetic force represents as dominance of sum
of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle.
Therefore, we have a summary force for the resulting interaction of two particles which differs on
two side of RoT and differs for different two pairs of particles, where first one is pair of similar
identically electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-proton, and second one is pair of mutually
adversatively electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-electron.
On the distance, larger than RoT, the full interaction have a very big forces as its source, but the
summary (or resulting) interaction represents very small part of full interaction, which we calls an
electromagnetic attraction or repulsion.
For the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually attractive.
For the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually repulsive.
The main function of interactions between any pair of entitled semi-spheres of the particles is
inverse-square dependency of force from distance.

== VII. The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the nuclear and other strong forces represents as dominance
of sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle.
On the distance, smaller than RoT, the full and the summary (or resulting) interaction have a very
big forces as its source, which represented basically by entitled force which have place in the first
(front-front) pair of semi-spheres:
1) for the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually attractive, and we know them
as nuclear forces;
2) for the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually repulsive, and it does cause the
springy repulse of electrons on the protons and keep electron away from atom nuclear on its
discrete orbit.
The summary attraction in two (front-front and rear-rear) pairs of semi-spheres near to “Radius of
Transition” is very predominated over the summary repulsion in other two pairs (front-rear and rearfront)
of semi-spheres of two particles.

== VIII. Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation ==

The essence of gravitation can be easy explained using “Spheromod” model of the particles. The
forces of resulting nuclear attraction between similar particles (e.g. protons) on a distance greater than
“Radius of Transition” are fully compensated by electromagnetic forces of resulting repulsion. But in
cause of closer location the first pair of forces which is front-front attractive force, they have dominant
increment of dynamically changed value when the distance between protons get decrease. Thus, this
increment of resulting force of entitled pairs is a gravitation force.
The increment of resulting force having place between proton and electron (or other pair of
electrically adversatively charged particles) looks as kind of anti-gravitation forces. But this one could
explain the quantum-mechanical effects in the atom: why electron does not fall down to the proton and
it have stable orbit, energy, and magnetic and rotation moments, etc.
With electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation we’ve got the universal triad:
Gravitation ≡ Inertia;
Inertia ≡ Motion;
Gravitation ≡ Motion.
And the principle of equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass is fully validated now.

== IX. Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions: ==

1) The gravitational fields, gravitational waves and gravitational quantumes (gravitons) do not
exist.
2) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) is impossible.
3) The First Principle of Isaac Newton’s mechanics, which is known as the law of inertia is
incorrect.
Consequently, we have to declare new (corrected) principles of mechanics:
The mass, to which do not acted by forces, stays in the quiescence.
Or, if the forces do not act to the mass, the mass will keep in the quiescence.
And,
The inertia is a motion by means of summary gravitational forces of all masses in the Universe.
Therefore,
The mass moves (aspires to moving) on the zero-trajectory, through the points where the summary
forces are equal to nil.
Last principle may be called “Principle of zero-trajectory”.
4) In principle, it is impossible for the matter to existing in absolute zero condition, which can be
called as absolute quiescence. The gravitation (as well as motion) does not exist in that
condition.
5) The gravitation is a relative property of the material substance. Increasing velocity of motion of
particle increases its mass.
6) Gravitational waves are not waves of gravitational field, they are possibly the super long waves
of electromagnetic field, if they really exists and can be detected.
7) The inertial systems of coordinates have not absolute differentials with non-inertial ones
because both of them are accelerated systems of coordinates. The bodies in the inertial systems
of coordinates move with super-weak acceleration caused by its gravitational interaction with
masses of Universe. Only the electromagnetic waves can move without acceleration relative to
its source.
8) The size of the particles is not absolute, and probably should be changed in condition of ultra
high pressure, i.e. in the centers of quasars or in the centers of objects recognized as “black
holes” in the centers of galaxies.
Therefore, possibly we may to declare the principle of “metrical adequacy”, in the “Unified
theory of interactions” to explain such possibilities.
Generally it sounds as this: “The metrics of the material substances correlates with density of
the electromagnetic field which have place around them”.
Probably, it can explain the displacement to red in the spectrum of the galaxies and quasars.
Also, in this way, the gravitation force must correlate with size of particle. May be it is one of
cause which explains why black holes are impossible. This question still open in the “Unified
theory of interactions”.
9) The Big Bang is impossible scenarios of Universe’s birth. Universe’s masses cannot move into
the absolutely vacuum space without gravitational sources of force of the inertia.
10) The free motion – inertia – is accelerated as result of gravitational interaction between probe
mass and Universe’s one.
11) Black holes probably are impossible condition of existence of gravitated masses. The
gravitation depends on masses motion, but in the “dark holes” the motion is ultra slow, because
the time is slowed down there. And the quiescence of matter in the stopped time is impossible
for the continuous space-time, if the postulate no.2 of the “Unified theory of forces” is
declared.
Thereunto, the velocity and acceleration of the inertial motion correlates with gravitation in the
center of the “black hole”.
12) On the big distance the masses in the galaxies (and objects greater of them) moves around their
centers with moving away by means of accelerated inertia. It may explain the various forms of
galaxies.
13) The cause of high velocity (and energy) of cosmic rays is accelerated inertia.
14) The short and serial gamma-bursts possibly are the results of crashing of two and more cosmic
objects which moving with ultra high velocity. The cause of their ultra velocity is accelerated
inertia.
15) The “dark matter” isn’t real material bodies, but the resulting effects of the accelerated inertia.
16) The “dark force” probably is an effect of the accelerated inertia.

----

* Full version of the manuscript of “Unified theory of interactions” available only in Russian language yet.

== References ==

[1] Bert Schroer, “String theory and the crisis in particle physics” (2006), arXiv:physics/0603112
v2. 
[2] Paolo Lipari, “Problems in high energy astrophysics” (2008), arXiv:0808.0417v1 [astro-ph]. 
[3] “Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. I. Updated illas plot
and radiation-loss constraints”, Ksenia Ptitsyna and Sergey Troitsky (2008), arXiv:0808.0367v1
[astro-ph]. 
[4] “Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris,
and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph]. 
[5] “Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale”
D.J. Kapner,∗ T.S. Cook, E.G. Adelberger, J.H. Gundlach, B.R. Heckel, C.D. Hoyle, and H.E.
Swanson (2006), arXiv:hep-ph/0611184v1

Archive:Unified Theory of Interactions

2008-09-18T12:25:53Z

92.47.242.150: /* VIII. Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation */

"Unified Theory of Interactions" created by Kanat B. Abildinov is new theory of everything.

== Unified Theory of Interactions ==
(short description, main thesises)*

by Kanat B. Abildinov
Kazakhstan, Almaty
E-mail: abildinov@msn.com
ABSTRACT
The unified theory of interactions is a main problem of General Physics and Physics of Elementary
Particles. Using few basic principles we could solve some problems in the experimental physics and in
the astronomic and astrophysical observations and try to unify all known interactions into the one
universal.

== CONTENTS ==

I. Introduction
II. Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions
III. Basic principles
IV. Postulates
V. The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles
VI. Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions
VII. The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions
VIII. Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation
IX. Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions

==
I. Introduction ==

There are four kinds of interactions in our Universe, their names: electromagnetic, strong, weak
and gravitational. In the standard model electromagnetic and weak forces was combined and
represented as unified electroweak force in the Grand Unification of three called interactions except for
gravitational.
The main problem of Physics is a building of Unified Theory of Everything, so-called Super
Unification theory, or the theory of matter (field).
It is now known that the classic mechanics and the quantum field theory, which is consistent with
quantum mechanics and special relativity, cannot to unite four known interactions by single unified
one. It was main aim in the 30 last years in the Einstein’s life. At present we have a crisis in particle
physics [1] and problems in high energy astrophysics [2], such as unexplained energy and sources of
ultrarelativistic charged particles (ultra-high-energy cosmic rays) [2, 3], the problems of the “dark
matter” [4] and “dark energy” [4, 5] in the Universe, and the problem in the Cosmology, such as
acceleration models of the Universe [4] which cannot be admitted by the philosophic principles, and by
this cause cannot be understood by most of peoples.
Trying to resolve some of these problems, we can consider new theory based on philosophic
principles and on the geometric one. It is the Unified Theory of Interactions (UTI).

== II. Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions ==

The matter is continuous and infrangible, because nothing exists except of matter.
The matter cannot to be split by absolutely different kind of objects, for example by means of
“absolute emptiness”.
The matter has two kinds: tenuous – field (ether, material space, physical vacuum) and compacted
– energy substance. And the matter has its unified subpart.
The material objects exist in the time because they are changeable and can detect other material
objects and can affect them.
In chime with this we have a following.

== III. Basic principles ==

There are two main principles in the base of “Unified theory of interactions”:
1) The “Principle of Absolute Transitions”:
The absolute transitions, is momentary transitions between absolutely differentiated conditions
of the matter, and they are do not exist in the time.
Or, by other words:
The transitions between two physical values, that realize only stepwise (in a trice), without
intermediate values, do not exist in the nature.
2) The geometrical principle:
The character of interactions between subparts of matter is defined only by their geometry.

== IV. Postulates ==

For the “Unified theory of interactions” we have three basic postulates:
1) The velocity of changes of the interactions is always constant and equal to velocity of
electromagnetic waves in the vacuum.
2) The changes of the interactions always occurs with intermediate physical values.
This postulate correlate with the “Principle of Absolute Transitions” of theory (see above).
3) The conversion between two kinds of the matter have place only through “Resonance
Transition”.
“Resonance Transition” is such transition, which happens only when the relative velocity of
interactions aspire to exceed the velocity of electromagnetic waves in the vacuum. That
condition should escapes via power resonance that will cause the “Resonance Transition” of
one kind of matter to other one.
Therefore, we have few basic important conclusions:
1) The “absolute quiescence” and “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) are impossible and
they do not exist.
Explanation: The “absolute emptiness” and the matter cannot detect and affect each other. We
cannot to adopt that the “absolute emptiness”, which can be described by property of “absolute
quiescence” in its parts, can be transited to the perpetually dynamic matter, by reason of
restrictions of the Postulate no.2.
2) The particles cannot to be absolutely dense and absolutely solid.
Explanation: We cannot to adopt that the absolutely dense and absolutely solid matter, which
can be described by property of “absolute quiescence” in its part, can be transited to the
perpetually dynamic matter (ether, electromagnetic field), by reason of restrictions of the
Postulate no.2.
3) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” is impossible. Theoretically, the object which was
placed to the “absolute emptiness” and got the impulse will not move by means of inertia, i.e.
will not keep in moving. Accordingly with this, the “absolute emptiness” looks like absolutely
tenacious ambience. So, Aristotle’s conclusion about “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing)
was partly incorrect.
It must correlate with philosophic principle of minimal action: “if nothing does affect to the
body, then nothing does occur with them”.

== V. The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles ==

To unify all interactions in the single unified one, we have to consider new model of elementary
particles, called as “Spheromod”.
“Spheromod” is a model of particle in form of sphere which have some “mod” – the complex of
physical characteristics that can be described by physical values (it maybe few known constants),
which probably contains velocity of light, frequency, power, radius of particles, etc. In fact, it is
possible, to describe those values, using experimental data.
In the “Spheromod” model the particles represented as spherical formed material substance in
structure where substance is electromagnetic field. All known forces, by means of which any two
particles make their interactions, are only the resulting of unified forces between components of four
conditional pairs of front and rear semi-spheres – parts (sides) of those particles, relatively oriented in
the space:
1. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle,
or simply the “front-front” pair;
2. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “front-rear” pair;
3. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-front” pair;
4. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-rear” pair.

The sum of attractive forces have effect between component
parts of “front-front” and “rear-rear” pairs of semi-spheres of two protons have advantages over the
sum of repulsive forces between components of “front-rear” and “rear-front” pairs of semi-spheres of
two protons while the distance between protons is smaller than RoT and don’t have these advantages
on the distance between protons bigger than RoT.
According with “Spheromod” model the particles forms out from the power (force) lines of
electromagnetic field which are base of material substance, and destroys into them.
According with rule of “Transitional resonance” and with “Principle of absolute transitions” the
particles can converted into the lines or quantums of electromagnetic field (photons) and converted
back only when power resonance is happens. The power resonance generally have place only when the
relative velocity of interactions have tendency to exceed the velocity of light.

== VI. Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the electromagnetic force represents as dominance of sum
of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle.
Therefore, we have a summary force for the resulting interaction of two particles which differs on
two side of RoT and differs for different two pairs of particles, where first one is pair of similar
identically electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-proton, and second one is pair of mutually
adversatively electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-electron.
On the distance, larger than RoT, the full interaction have a very big forces as its source, but the
summary (or resulting) interaction represents very small part of full interaction, which we calls an
electromagnetic attraction or repulsion.
For the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually attractive.
For the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually repulsive.
The main function of interactions between any pair of entitled semi-spheres of the particles is
inverse-square dependency of force from distance.

== VII. The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the nuclear and other strong forces represents as dominance
of sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle.
On the distance, smaller than RoT, the full and the summary (or resulting) interaction have a very
big forces as its source, which represented basically by entitled force which have place in the first
(front-front) pair of semi-spheres:
1) for the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually attractive, and we know them
as nuclear forces;
2) for the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually repulsive, and it does cause the
springy repulse of electrons on the protons and keep electron away from atom nuclear on its
discrete orbit.
The summary attraction in two (front-front and rear-rear) pairs of semi-spheres near to “Radius of
Transition” is very predominated over the summary repulsion in other two pairs (front-rear and rearfront)
of semi-spheres of two particles.

== VIII. Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation ==

The essence of gravitation can be easy explained using “Spheromod” model of the particles. The
forces of resulting nuclear attraction between similar particles (e.g. protons) on a distance greater than
“Radius of Transition” are fully compensated by electromagnetic forces of resulting repulsion. But in
cause of closer location the first pair of forces which is front-front attractive force, they have dominant
increment of dynamically changed value when the distance between protons get decrease. Thus, this
increment of resulting force of entitled pairs is a gravitation force.
The increment of resulting force having place between proton and electron (or other pair of
electrically adversatively charged particles) looks as kind of anti-gravitation forces. But this one could
explain the quantum-mechanical effects in the atom: why electron does not fall down to the proton and
it have stable orbit, energy, and magnetic and rotation moments, etc.
With electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation we’ve got the universal triad:
Gravitation ≡ Inertia;
Inertia ≡ Motion;
Gravitation ≡ Motion.
And the principle of equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass is fully validated now.

== IX. Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions: ==

1) The gravitational fields, gravitational waves and gravitational quantumes (gravitons) do not
exist.
2) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) is impossible.
3) The First Principle of Isaac Newton’s mechanics, which is known as the law of inertia is
incorrect.
Consequently, we have to declare new (corrected) principles of mechanics:
The mass, to which do not acted by forces, stays in the quiescence.
Or, if the forces do not act to the mass, the mass will keep in the quiescence.
And,
The inertia is a motion by means of summary gravitational forces of all masses in the Universe.
Therefore,
The mass moves (aspires to moving) on the zero-trajectory, through the points where the summary
forces are equal to nil.
Last principle may be called “Principle of zero-trajectory”.
4) In principle, it is impossible for the matter to existing in absolute zero condition, which can be
called as absolute quiescence. The gravitation (as well as motion) does not exist in that
condition.
5) The gravitation is a relative property of the material substance. Increasing velocity of motion of
particle increases its mass.
6) Gravitational waves are not waves of gravitational field, they are possibly the super long waves
of electromagnetic field, if they really exists and can be detected.
7) The inertial systems of coordinates have not absolute differentials with non-inertial ones
because both of them are accelerated systems of coordinates. The bodies in the inertial systems
of coordinates move with super-weak acceleration caused by its gravitational interaction with
masses of Universe. Only the electromagnetic waves can move without acceleration relative to
its source.
8) The size of the particles is not absolute, and probably should be changed in condition of ultra
high pressure, i.e. in the centers of quasars or in the centers of objects recognized as “black
holes” in the centers of galaxies.
Therefore, possibly we may to declare the principle of “metrical adequacy”, in the “Unified
theory of interactions” to explain such possibilities.
Generally it sounds as this: “The metrics of the material substances correlates with density of
the electromagnetic field which have place around them”.
Probably, it can explain the displacement to red in the spectrum of the galaxies and quasars.
Also, in this way, the gravitation force must correlate with size of particle. May be it is one of
cause which explains why black holes are impossible. This question still open in the “Unified
theory of interactions”.
9) The Big Bang is impossible scenarios of Universe’s birth. Universe’s masses cannot move into
the absolutely vacuum space without gravitational sources of force of the inertia.
10) The free motion – inertia – is accelerated as result of gravitational interaction between probe
mass and Universe’s one.
11) Black holes probably are impossible condition of existence of gravitated masses. The
gravitation depends on masses motion, but in the “dark holes” the motion is ultra slow, because
the time is slowed down there. And the quiescence of matter in the stopped time is impossible
for the continuous space-time, if the postulate no.2 of the “Unified theory of forces” is
declared.
Thereunto, the velocity and acceleration of the inertial motion correlates with gravitation in the
center of the “black hole”.
12) On the big distance the masses in the galaxies (and objects greater of them) moves around their
centers with moving away by means of accelerated inertia. It may explain the various forms of
galaxies.
13) The cause of high velocity (and energy) of cosmic rays is accelerated inertia.
14) The short and serial gamma-bursts possibly are the results of crashing of two and more cosmic
objects which moving with ultra high velocity. The cause of their ultra velocity is accelerated
inertia.
15) The “dark matter” isn’t real material bodies, but the resulting effects of the accelerated inertia.
16) The “dark force” probably is an effect of the accelerated inertia.

----

* Full version of the manuscript of “Unified theory of interactions” available only in Russian language yet.

== References ==

[1] Bert Schroer, “String theory and the crisis in particle physics” (2006), arXiv:physics/0603112
v2.
[2] Paolo Lipari, “Problems in high energy astrophysics” (2008), arXiv:0808.0417v1 [astro-ph].
[3] “Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. I. Updated illas plot
and radiation-loss constraints”, Ksenia Ptitsyna and Sergey Troitsky (2008), arXiv:0808.0367v1
[astro-ph].
[4] “Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris,
and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph].
[5] “Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale”
D.J. Kapner,∗ T.S. Cook, E.G. Adelberger, J.H. Gundlach, B.R. Heckel, C.D. Hoyle, and H.E.
Swanson (2006), arXiv:hep-ph/0611184v1

Archive:Unified Theory of Interactions

2008-09-18T12:25:05Z

92.47.242.150: New page: "Unified Theory of Interactions" created by Kanat B. Abildinov is new theory of everything. == Unified Theory of Interactions == (short description, main thesises)* by Kanat B. Abildino...

"Unified Theory of Interactions" created by Kanat B. Abildinov is new theory of everything.

== Unified Theory of Interactions ==
(short description, main thesises)*

by Kanat B. Abildinov
Kazakhstan, Almaty
E-mail: abildinov@msn.com
ABSTRACT
The unified theory of interactions is a main problem of General Physics and Physics of Elementary
Particles. Using few basic principles we could solve some problems in the experimental physics and in
the astronomic and astrophysical observations and try to unify all known interactions into the one
universal.

== CONTENTS ==

I. Introduction
II. Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions
III. Basic principles
IV. Postulates
V. The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles
VI. Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions
VII. The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions
VIII. Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation
IX. Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions

==
I. Introduction ==

There are four kinds of interactions in our Universe, their names: electromagnetic, strong, weak
and gravitational. In the standard model electromagnetic and weak forces was combined and
represented as unified electroweak force in the Grand Unification of three called interactions except for
gravitational.
The main problem of Physics is a building of Unified Theory of Everything, so-called Super
Unification theory, or the theory of matter (field).
It is now known that the classic mechanics and the quantum field theory, which is consistent with
quantum mechanics and special relativity, cannot to unite four known interactions by single unified
one. It was main aim in the 30 last years in the Einstein’s life. At present we have a crisis in particle
physics [1] and problems in high energy astrophysics [2], such as unexplained energy and sources of
ultrarelativistic charged particles (ultra-high-energy cosmic rays) [2, 3], the problems of the “dark
matter” [4] and “dark energy” [4, 5] in the Universe, and the problem in the Cosmology, such as
acceleration models of the Universe [4] which cannot be admitted by the philosophic principles, and by
this cause cannot be understood by most of peoples.
Trying to resolve some of these problems, we can consider new theory based on philosophic
principles and on the geometric one. It is the Unified Theory of Interactions (UTI).

== II. Philosophy of the Unified theory of Interactions ==

The matter is continuous and infrangible, because nothing exists except of matter.
The matter cannot to be split by absolutely different kind of objects, for example by means of
“absolute emptiness”.
The matter has two kinds: tenuous – field (ether, material space, physical vacuum) and compacted
– energy substance. And the matter has its unified subpart.
The material objects exist in the time because they are changeable and can detect other material
objects and can affect them.
In chime with this we have a following.

== III. Basic principles ==

There are two main principles in the base of “Unified theory of interactions”:
1) The “Principle of Absolute Transitions”:
The absolute transitions, is momentary transitions between absolutely differentiated conditions
of the matter, and they are do not exist in the time.
Or, by other words:
The transitions between two physical values, that realize only stepwise (in a trice), without
intermediate values, do not exist in the nature.
2) The geometrical principle:
The character of interactions between subparts of matter is defined only by their geometry.

== IV. Postulates ==

For the “Unified theory of interactions” we have three basic postulates:
1) The velocity of changes of the interactions is always constant and equal to velocity of
electromagnetic waves in the vacuum.
2) The changes of the interactions always occurs with intermediate physical values.
This postulate correlate with the “Principle of Absolute Transitions” of theory (see above).
3) The conversion between two kinds of the matter have place only through “Resonance
Transition”.
“Resonance Transition” is such transition, which happens only when the relative velocity of
interactions aspire to exceed the velocity of electromagnetic waves in the vacuum. That
condition should escapes via power resonance that will cause the “Resonance Transition” of
one kind of matter to other one.
Therefore, we have few basic important conclusions:
1) The “absolute quiescence” and “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) are impossible and
they do not exist.
Explanation: The “absolute emptiness” and the matter cannot detect and affect each other. We
cannot to adopt that the “absolute emptiness”, which can be described by property of “absolute
quiescence” in its parts, can be transited to the perpetually dynamic matter, by reason of
restrictions of the Postulate no.2.
2) The particles cannot to be absolutely dense and absolutely solid.
Explanation: We cannot to adopt that the absolutely dense and absolutely solid matter, which
can be described by property of “absolute quiescence” in its part, can be transited to the
perpetually dynamic matter (ether, electromagnetic field), by reason of restrictions of the
Postulate no.2.
3) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” is impossible. Theoretically, the object which was
placed to the “absolute emptiness” and got the impulse will not move by means of inertia, i.e.
will not keep in moving. Accordingly with this, the “absolute emptiness” looks like absolutely
tenacious ambience. So, Aristotle’s conclusion about “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing)
was partly incorrect.
It must correlate with philosophic principle of minimal action: “if nothing does affect to the
body, then nothing does occur with them”.

== V. The “Spheromod” model of the elementary particles ==

To unify all interactions in the single unified one, we have to consider new model of elementary
particles, called as “Spheromod”.
“Spheromod” is a model of particle in form of sphere which have some “mod” – the complex of
physical characteristics that can be described by physical values (it maybe few known constants),
which probably contains velocity of light, frequency, power, radius of particles, etc. In fact, it is
possible, to describe those values, using experimental data.
In the “Spheromod” model the particles represented as spherical formed material substance in
structure where substance is electromagnetic field. All known forces, by means of which any two
particles make their interactions, are only the resulting of unified forces between components of four
conditional pairs of front and rear semi-spheres – parts (sides) of those particles, relatively oriented in
the space:
1. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle,
or simply the “front-front” pair;
2. a pair of front semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “front-rear” pair;
3. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of front semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-front” pair;
4. a pair of rear semi-sphere of the first particle and of rear semi-sphere of the second particle, or
simply the “rear-rear” pair.

The sum of attractive forces have effect between component
parts of “front-front” and “rear-rear” pairs of semi-spheres of two protons have advantages over the
sum of repulsive forces between components of “front-rear” and “rear-front” pairs of semi-spheres of
two protons while the distance between protons is smaller than RoT and don’t have these advantages
on the distance between protons bigger than RoT.
According with “Spheromod” model the particles forms out from the power (force) lines of
electromagnetic field which are base of material substance, and destroys into them.
According with rule of “Transitional resonance” and with “Principle of absolute transitions” the
particles can converted into the lines or quantums of electromagnetic field (photons) and converted
back only when power resonance is happens. The power resonance generally have place only when the
relative velocity of interactions have tendency to exceed the velocity of light.

== VI. Modified theory of electromagnetic interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the electromagnetic force represents as dominance of sum
of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of interactions between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second
particle.
Therefore, we have a summary force for the resulting interaction of two particles which differs on
two side of RoT and differs for different two pairs of particles, where first one is pair of similar
identically electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-proton, and second one is pair of mutually
adversatively electrically charged particles, i.e. proton-electron.
On the distance, larger than RoT, the full interaction have a very big forces as its source, but the
summary (or resulting) interaction represents very small part of full interaction, which we calls an
electromagnetic attraction or repulsion.
For the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually attractive.
For the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually repulsive.
The main function of interactions between any pair of entitled semi-spheres of the particles is
inverse-square dependency of force from distance.

== VII. The theory of the strong (“nuclear”) interactions ==

Accordingly with “Spheromod” model, the nuclear and other strong forces represents as dominance
of sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the second particle
over the sum of forces between front semi-sphere of the first particle and rear semi-sphere of the
second particle, and between rear semi-sphere of the first particle and front semi-sphere of the second
particle.
On the distance, smaller than RoT, the full and the summary (or resulting) interaction have a very
big forces as its source, which represented basically by entitled force which have place in the first
(front-front) pair of semi-spheres:
1) for the electrically identical particles this interaction is mutually attractive, and we know them
as nuclear forces;
2) for the electrically opposite particles this interaction is mutually repulsive, and it does cause the
springy repulse of electrons on the protons and keep electron away from atom nuclear on its
discrete orbit.
The summary attraction in two (front-front and rear-rear) pairs of semi-spheres near to “Radius of
Transition” is very predominated over the summary repulsion in other two pairs (front-rear and rearfront)
of semi-spheres of two particles.

== VIII. Electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation ==

The essence of gravitation can be easy explained using “Spheromod” model of the particles. The
forces of resulting nuclear attraction between similar particles (e.g. protons) on a distance greater than
“Radius of Transition” are fully compensated by electromagnetic forces of resulting repulsion. But in
cause of closer location the first pair of forces which is front-front attractive force, they have dominant
increment of dynamically changed value when the distance between protons get decrease. Thus, this
increment of resulting force of entitled pairs is a gravitation force.
The increment of resulting force having place between proton and electron (or other pair of
electrically adversatively charged particles) looks as kind of anti-gravitation forces. But this one could
explain the quantum-mechanical effects in the atom: why electron does not fall down to the proton and
it have stable orbit, energy, and magnetic and rotation moments, etc.
With electro-dynamical theory of the gravitation we’ve got the universal triad:
Gravitation ≡ Inertia;
Inertia ≡ Motion;
Gravitation ≡ Motion.
And the principle of equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass is fully validated now.
IX. Few conclusions and effects of the Unified Theory of Interactions:
1) The gravitational fields, gravitational waves and gravitational quantumes (gravitons) do not
exist.
2) The motion in the “absolute emptiness” (Absolute Nothing) is impossible.
3) The First Principle of Isaac Newton’s mechanics, which is known as the law of inertia is
incorrect.
Consequently, we have to declare new (corrected) principles of mechanics:
The mass, to which do not acted by forces, stays in the quiescence.
Or, if the forces do not act to the mass, the mass will keep in the quiescence.
And,
The inertia is a motion by means of summary gravitational forces of all masses in the Universe.
Therefore,
The mass moves (aspires to moving) on the zero-trajectory, through the points where the summary
forces are equal to nil.
Last principle may be called “Principle of zero-trajectory”.
4) In principle, it is impossible for the matter to existing in absolute zero condition, which can be
called as absolute quiescence. The gravitation (as well as motion) does not exist in that
condition.
5) The gravitation is a relative property of the material substance. Increasing velocity of motion of
particle increases its mass.
6) Gravitational waves are not waves of gravitational field, they are possibly the super long waves
of electromagnetic field, if they really exists and can be detected.
7) The inertial systems of coordinates have not absolute differentials with non-inertial ones
because both of them are accelerated systems of coordinates. The bodies in the inertial systems
of coordinates move with super-weak acceleration caused by its gravitational interaction with
masses of Universe. Only the electromagnetic waves can move without acceleration relative to
its source.
8) The size of the particles is not absolute, and probably should be changed in condition of ultra
high pressure, i.e. in the centers of quasars or in the centers of objects recognized as “black
holes” in the centers of galaxies.
Therefore, possibly we may to declare the principle of “metrical adequacy”, in the “Unified
theory of interactions” to explain such possibilities.
Generally it sounds as this: “The metrics of the material substances correlates with density of
the electromagnetic field which have place around them”.
Probably, it can explain the displacement to red in the spectrum of the galaxies and quasars.
Also, in this way, the gravitation force must correlate with size of particle. May be it is one of
cause which explains why black holes are impossible. This question still open in the “Unified
theory of interactions”.
9) The Big Bang is impossible scenarios of Universe’s birth. Universe’s masses cannot move into
the absolutely vacuum space without gravitational sources of force of the inertia.
10) The free motion – inertia – is accelerated as result of gravitational interaction between probe
mass and Universe’s one.
11) Black holes probably are impossible condition of existence of gravitated masses. The
gravitation depends on masses motion, but in the “dark holes” the motion is ultra slow, because
the time is slowed down there. And the quiescence of matter in the stopped time is impossible
for the continuous space-time, if the postulate no.2 of the “Unified theory of forces” is
declared.
Thereunto, the velocity and acceleration of the inertial motion correlates with gravitation in the
center of the “black hole”.
12) On the big distance the masses in the galaxies (and objects greater of them) moves around their
centers with moving away by means of accelerated inertia. It may explain the various forms of
galaxies.
13) The cause of high velocity (and energy) of cosmic rays is accelerated inertia.
14) The short and serial gamma-bursts possibly are the results of crashing of two and more cosmic
objects which moving with ultra high velocity. The cause of their ultra velocity is accelerated
inertia.
15) The “dark matter” isn’t real material bodies, but the resulting effects of the accelerated inertia.
16) The “dark force” probably is an effect of the accelerated inertia.
* Full version of the manuscript of “Unified theory of interactions” available only in Russian language yet.
References
[1] Bert Schroer, “String theory and the crisis in particle physics” (2006), arXiv:physics/0603112
v2.
[2] Paolo Lipari, “Problems in high energy astrophysics” (2008), arXiv:0808.0417v1 [astro-ph].
[3] “Physical conditions in potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. I. Updated illas plot
and radiation-loss constraints”, Ksenia Ptitsyna and Sergey Troitsky (2008), arXiv:0808.0367v1
[astro-ph].
[4] “Cosmological Constraints on f(R) Acceleration Models”, Yong-Seon Song, Hiranya Peiris,
and Wayne Hu (2007), arXiv:0706.2399v1 [astro-ph].
[5] “Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale”
D.J. Kapner,∗ T.S. Cook, E.G. Adelberger, J.H. Gundlach, B.R. Heckel, C.D. Hoyle, and H.E.
Swanson (2006), arXiv:hep-ph/0611184v1