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Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host

2013-05-16T19:19:43Z

95.165.66.114: /* Moscow's appointed hetmans */

{{Infobox political post
|post = Hetman of Zaporizhian Host
|body =
|nativename = Гетьман Війська Запорозького
|flag = Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg
|flagsize =
|flagborder =
|flagcaption =
|insignia =
|insigniasize =
|insigniacaption =
|department =
|image = Kirill Razumovsky Tokke.jpg
|alt =
|incumbent = none
|incumbentsince =
|style =
|residence = [[Chyhyryn]] (originally) Hetman Residence, [[Baturyn]]
|nominator =
|nominatorpost =
|appointer = General Military Council
|appointerpost =
|termlength = Lifetime
|inaugural = [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]
|formation = 26 January 1648
|last = [[Kyrylo Rozumovsky]]
|abolished = 10 November 1764
|succession = General Quartermaster
|deputy = [[Appointed Hetman]]
|salary =
|website =
}}

'''Hetman of Zaporizhian Host''' ({{lang-uk|''Гетьман Війська Запорозького''}}) is a former historic government office and political institution of [[Cossack Hetmanate]] (Zaporizhian Host) that is equivalent to a [[head of state]].

==Brief history==
As a head of state the position was established at first by [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] during the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] in the mid 17th century. During that period the office was electoral. All elections except for the first one were adapted by the Senior Council in [[Chyhyryn]] which until 1669 served the capital of Hetmanate.

Since the council in Pereyaslav of 1654 several senior cossacks sided with the [[Tsardom of Russia]] and in 1663 they staged "Black Council" (Chorna Rada) in [[Nizhyn]] which elected Ivan Briukhovetsky as an alternative hetman. Since the defeat of [[Petro Doroshenko]] in 1669 the Hetman title was adapted by pro-Russian elected hetmans who resided in [[Baturyn]]. In the course of the [[Great Northern War]] one of them, [[Ivan Mazepa]], decided to revolt against Russian rule in 1708 which later drew terrible consequences for the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] as well as the [[Zaporizhian Host]]. The administration was moved to [[Hlukhiv]] where the Mazepa's doll was publicly executed and [[anathema]] was laid against him by the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. Later in the late 18th century it was successfully disbanded by the Russian government during the expansion of the Russian territory towards the Black Sea coast.

==List of office holders==
===Initial holders===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
! #
! colspan=2 | Hetman
! Elected (event)
! Took office
! Left office
!
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 1
| width="50px" | [[File:BChmielnicki.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]''' (1596–1657) Зиновій-Богдан Хмельницький
| [[Khmelnytsky Uprising|1648]] (Sich)
| 26 January 1648
| 6 August 1657
| died
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 2
| width="50px"| [[File:Yurii Khmelnytsky.png|100px]]
| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]''' (1641–1685) Юрій Хмельницький
| [[Cossack Council, 1657|1657]] (Chyhyryn)
| 6 August 1657 (confirmed: 27 August 1657) (confirmed: 11 September 1659)
| October 1662
| resigned
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| X
| width="50px"|
| '''[[Ivan Vyhovsky]]''' (16??–1664) 
| [[Korsun Cossack Council, 1657|1657]] ([[Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi|Korsun]])
| (confirmed: 6 November 1657)
| 11 September 1659
| elected temporarily for three years; resigned
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 3
| width="50px" | [[File:TETERYA.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Pavlo Teteria]]''' (1620?–1670) Павло Тетеря
| [[Cossack Council, 1662|1662]] (Chyhyryn)
| October 1662 (confirmed: 2 January 1663)
| July 1665
| resigned
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 4
| width="50px" | [[File:Petro Doroshenko 19.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Petro Doroshenko]]''' (1627–1698) Петро Дорошенко
| [[Cossack Council, 1666|1666]] (Chyhyryn)
| 10 October 1665 (confirmed: January 1666)
| 19 September 1676
| surrendered to [[Ivan Samoylovych]]
|}

In 1657 [[Ivan Vyhovsky]] being a regent to young Yuriy Khmelnytsky was officially elected as the Hetman for the next three years. He surrendered the title in 1659 due to a public pressure.

In 1669 [[Petro Doroshenko]] received a title of [[Sanjak-bey]] from [[Mehmed IV]]. The Appointed Hetman [[Mykhailo Khanenko]] was elected the Hetman of Ukraine by a council of Sukhoviy's Cossacks in [[Uman]] to depose Doroshenko. In 1675 [[John III Sobieski]] awarded the title to some [[Ostap Hohol]] (died in 1679). Same thing happened in 1683 when [[John III Sobieski]] awarded the title to [[Stefan Kunicki]] and in 1684 to [[Andriy Mohyla]]. Those awards were given during the [[Great Turkish War]].

===Russia's appointed hetmans===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
! #
! ##
! colspan=2 | Hetman
! Elected (event)
! Took office
! Left office
!
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 1
| colspan="2" width="50px" | [[File:sample.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Ivan Briukhovetsky]]''' (1623–1668) Іван Брюховецький
| [[Chorna rada of 1663|1663]] (Nizhyn)
| 27 June 1663
| 17 June 1668
| killed by the Doroshenko Guard
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 2
| colspan="2" width="50px"| [[File:sample.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Demian Mnohohrishny]]''' (1631–1703) Дем'ян Многогрішний
| 1669 (Hlukhiv)
| 17 December 1668 (confirmed: 3 March 1669)
| April 1672
| arrested and exiled to Siberia
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 3
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 5
| width="50px" | [[File:Ivan Samoylovych.png|100px]]
| '''[[Ivan Samoylovych]]''' (1630s–1690) Іван Самойлович
| [[Officer Council, 1672|1672]] ([[Kozatske, Konotop Raion|Cossack Grove]])
| 17 June 1672
| August 1687
| arrested and exiled to Siberia
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 4
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 6
| width="50px" | [[File:Portret Mazepa.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Ivan Mazepa]]''' (1627–1698) Іван Мазепа
| [[Cossack Council, 1687|1687]] (Kolomak)
| 4 August 1687
| 6 November 1708
| "stripped" of a title, discredited
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 5
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 7
| width="50px" | [[File:I.Skoropadsky.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Ivan Skoropadsky]]''' (1646–1722) Іван Скоропадський
| 1708 (Hlukhiv)
| 6 November 1708
| 14 July 1722
| died
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| X
| colspan="2" width="50px" | [[File:sample.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Pavlo Polubotok]]''' (1660–1724) Павло Полуботок
| appointed hetman
| 1722
| 1724
| died
|- bgcolor=grey
| colspan="8"|[[Collegium of Little Russia (1722-27)|Collegium of Little Russia]] ([[:ru:Вельяминов, Степан Лукич|Stepan Velyaminov]]) 1722-1727
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 6
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 8
| width="50px" | [[File:Danylo Apostol.png|100px]]
| '''[[Danylo Apostol]]''' (1654–1734) Данило Апостол
| 1727 (Hlukhiv)
| 12 October 1727
| 29 March 1734
| died
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| X
| colspan="2" width="50px" | [[File:sample.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[:ru:Лизогуб, Яков Ефимович|Yakiv Lyzohub]]''' (1675–1749) Яків Лизогуб
| appointed hetman
| 1733
| 1749
| died
|- bgcolor=grey
| colspan="8"|provisional Hetman Government Administration 1734-1745
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 7
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 9
| width="50px" | [[File:Kirill Razumovsky Tokke.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Kyrylo Rozumovsky]]''' (1728–1803) Кирило Розумовський
| 1750 (Hlukhiv)
| 22 February 1750
| 1764
| resign
|- bgcolor=grey
| colspan="8"|[[Collegium (ministry)|Collegium]] of Little Russia 1764-1786
|}

In support of the Poltava regiment uprising (Barabash-Pushkar Mutiny), Grigory Romadanovsky awarded the title of Appointed Hetman to [[Ivan Bezpaly]]. In 1663 in the city of [[Nizhyn]] a big cossack council was set up to elect the new Hetman of Ukraine, after which the winner of the elections Ivan Briukhovetsky slain his main rival [[Yakym Somko]].

Vouched by [[Charles Marie François Olier, marquis de Nointel]], [[Yuriy Khmelnytsky]] was freed from the Ottoman captivity, appointed and along with Pasha Ibragim was sent to Ukraine fight the Moscow forces of Samoilovych and Romadanovsky. In 1681 [[Mehmed IV]] appointed [[George Ducas]] the Hetman of Ukraine, replacing Khmelnytsky.

Following the [[anathema on Mazepa]] and the election of [[Ivan Skoropadsky]], [[Cossack Hetmanate]] was included into the Russian [[Kiev Governorate|Government of Kiev]] in December 1708. Upon the death of Skoropadsky, the Hetman elections were disrupted and were awarded as a gift and a type of princely titles, first to Moldavian nobleman and later to the Russian Empress favorite.

On 5 April 1710 the council of cossacks, veterans of the battle at Poltava, elected [[Pylyp Orlyk]] as the Hetman of Ukraine in exile. Orlyk waged a guerrilla warfare at the southern borders of the [[Russian Empire]] with the support from Ottoman and Swedish empires.

==See also==
* [[List of leaders of Ukraine]]
* [[Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks]]
* [[Hetman of Ukraine]]

==Further reading==
* Dyadychenko, V. ''Sketches of a social and political system of the [[Left-bank Ukraine]] at the end of 17th and the start of 18th centuries''. Kiev 1959
* Smoliy, V. ''Hetmanate Ukraine''. Kiev 1999

==External links==
* [http://www.history.org.ua/?termin=Getmanatu_instytut Shcherbak, V. ''Institution of Hetmans'']. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. "Naukova dumka". Kiev 2004
* [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\H\E\Hetman.htm ''Hetman'']. [[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hetman Of Zaporizhian Host}}

[[Category:Government of Ukraine]]
[[Category:History of Ukraine]]
[[Category:1648 establishments in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Presidency of Ukraine]]
[[Category:1764 disestablishments in Ukraine]]

Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host

2013-05-16T19:19:12Z

95.165.66.114:

{{Infobox political post
|post = Hetman of Zaporizhian Host
|body =
|nativename = Гетьман Війська Запорозького
|flag = Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg
|flagsize =
|flagborder =
|flagcaption =
|insignia =
|insigniasize =
|insigniacaption =
|department =
|image = Kirill Razumovsky Tokke.jpg
|alt =
|incumbent = none
|incumbentsince =
|style =
|residence = [[Chyhyryn]] (originally) Hetman Residence, [[Baturyn]]
|nominator =
|nominatorpost =
|appointer = General Military Council
|appointerpost =
|termlength = Lifetime
|inaugural = [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]
|formation = 26 January 1648
|last = [[Kyrylo Rozumovsky]]
|abolished = 10 November 1764
|succession = General Quartermaster
|deputy = [[Appointed Hetman]]
|salary =
|website =
}}

'''Hetman of Zaporizhian Host''' ({{lang-uk|''Гетьман Війська Запорозького''}}) is a former historic government office and political institution of [[Cossack Hetmanate]] (Zaporizhian Host) that is equivalent to a [[head of state]].

==Brief history==
As a head of state the position was established at first by [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] during the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] in the mid 17th century. During that period the office was electoral. All elections except for the first one were adapted by the Senior Council in [[Chyhyryn]] which until 1669 served the capital of Hetmanate.

Since the council in Pereyaslav of 1654 several senior cossacks sided with the [[Tsardom of Russia]] and in 1663 they staged "Black Council" (Chorna Rada) in [[Nizhyn]] which elected Ivan Briukhovetsky as an alternative hetman. Since the defeat of [[Petro Doroshenko]] in 1669 the Hetman title was adapted by pro-Russian elected hetmans who resided in [[Baturyn]]. In the course of the [[Great Northern War]] one of them, [[Ivan Mazepa]], decided to revolt against Russian rule in 1708 which later drew terrible consequences for the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] as well as the [[Zaporizhian Host]]. The administration was moved to [[Hlukhiv]] where the Mazepa's doll was publicly executed and [[anathema]] was laid against him by the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. Later in the late 18th century it was successfully disbanded by the Russian government during the expansion of the Russian territory towards the Black Sea coast.

==List of office holders==
===Initial holders===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
! #
! colspan=2 | Hetman
! Elected (event)
! Took office
! Left office
!
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 1
| width="50px" | [[File:BChmielnicki.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]''' (1596–1657) Зиновій-Богдан Хмельницький
| [[Khmelnytsky Uprising|1648]] (Sich)
| 26 January 1648
| 6 August 1657
| died
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 2
| width="50px"| [[File:Yurii Khmelnytsky.png|100px]]
| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]''' (1641–1685) Юрій Хмельницький
| [[Cossack Council, 1657|1657]] (Chyhyryn)
| 6 August 1657 (confirmed: 27 August 1657) (confirmed: 11 September 1659)
| October 1662
| resigned
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| X
| width="50px"|
| '''[[Ivan Vyhovsky]]''' (16??–1664) 
| [[Korsun Cossack Council, 1657|1657]] ([[Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi|Korsun]])
| (confirmed: 6 November 1657)
| 11 September 1659
| elected temporarily for three years; resigned
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 3
| width="50px" | [[File:TETERYA.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Pavlo Teteria]]''' (1620?–1670) Павло Тетеря
| [[Cossack Council, 1662|1662]] (Chyhyryn)
| October 1662 (confirmed: 2 January 1663)
| July 1665
| resigned
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 4
| width="50px" | [[File:Petro Doroshenko 19.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Petro Doroshenko]]''' (1627–1698) Петро Дорошенко
| [[Cossack Council, 1666|1666]] (Chyhyryn)
| 10 October 1665 (confirmed: January 1666)
| 19 September 1676
| surrendered to [[Ivan Samoylovych]]
|}

In 1657 [[Ivan Vyhovsky]] being a regent to young Yuriy Khmelnytsky was officially elected as the Hetman for the next three years. He surrendered the title in 1659 due to a public pressure.

In 1669 [[Petro Doroshenko]] received a title of [[Sanjak-bey]] from [[Mehmed IV]]. The Appointed Hetman [[Mykhailo Khanenko]] was elected the Hetman of Ukraine by a council of Sukhoviy's Cossacks in [[Uman]] to depose Doroshenko. In 1675 [[John III Sobieski]] awarded the title to some [[Ostap Hohol]] (died in 1679). Same thing happened in 1683 when [[John III Sobieski]] awarded the title to [[Stefan Kunicki]] and in 1684 to [[Andriy Mohyla]]. Those awards were given during the [[Great Turkish War]].

===Moscow's appointed hetmans===
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
! #
! ##
! colspan=2 | Hetman
! Elected (event)
! Took office
! Left office
!
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 1
| colspan="2" width="50px" | [[File:sample.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Ivan Briukhovetsky]]''' (1623–1668) Іван Брюховецький
| [[Chorna rada of 1663|1663]] (Nizhyn)
| 27 June 1663
| 17 June 1668
| killed by the Doroshenko Guard
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 2
| colspan="2" width="50px"| [[File:sample.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Demian Mnohohrishny]]''' (1631–1703) Дем'ян Многогрішний
| 1669 (Hlukhiv)
| 17 December 1668 (confirmed: 3 March 1669)
| April 1672
| arrested and exiled to Siberia
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 3
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 5
| width="50px" | [[File:Ivan Samoylovych.png|100px]]
| '''[[Ivan Samoylovych]]''' (1630s–1690) Іван Самойлович
| [[Officer Council, 1672|1672]] ([[Kozatske, Konotop Raion|Cossack Grove]])
| 17 June 1672
| August 1687
| arrested and exiled to Siberia
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 4
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 6
| width="50px" | [[File:Portret Mazepa.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Ivan Mazepa]]''' (1627–1698) Іван Мазепа
| [[Cossack Council, 1687|1687]] (Kolomak)
| 4 August 1687
| 6 November 1708
| "stripped" of a title, discredited
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 5
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 7
| width="50px" | [[File:I.Skoropadsky.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Ivan Skoropadsky]]''' (1646–1722) Іван Скоропадський
| 1708 (Hlukhiv)
| 6 November 1708
| 14 July 1722
| died
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| X
| colspan="2" width="50px" | [[File:sample.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Pavlo Polubotok]]''' (1660–1724) Павло Полуботок
| appointed hetman
| 1722
| 1724
| died
|- bgcolor=grey
| colspan="8"|[[Collegium of Little Russia (1722-27)|Collegium of Little Russia]] ([[:ru:Вельяминов, Степан Лукич|Stepan Velyaminov]]) 1722-1727
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 6
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 8
| width="50px" | [[File:Danylo Apostol.png|100px]]
| '''[[Danylo Apostol]]''' (1654–1734) Данило Апостол
| 1727 (Hlukhiv)
| 12 October 1727
| 29 March 1734
| died
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| X
| colspan="2" width="50px" | [[File:sample.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[:ru:Лизогуб, Яков Ефимович|Yakiv Lyzohub]]''' (1675–1749) Яків Лизогуб
| appointed hetman
| 1733
| 1749
| died
|- bgcolor=grey
| colspan="8"|provisional Hetman Government Administration 1734-1745
|-
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 7
! style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}"| 9
| width="50px" | [[File:Kirill Razumovsky Tokke.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Kyrylo Rozumovsky]]''' (1728–1803) Кирило Розумовський
| 1750 (Hlukhiv)
| 22 February 1750
| 1764
| resign
|- bgcolor=grey
| colspan="8"|[[Collegium (ministry)|Collegium]] of Little Russia 1764-1786
|}

In support of the Poltava regiment uprising (Barabash-Pushkar Mutiny), Grigory Romadanovsky awarded the title of Appointed Hetman to [[Ivan Bezpaly]]. In 1663 in the city of [[Nizhyn]] a big cossack council was set up to elect the new Hetman of Ukraine, after which the winner of the elections Ivan Briukhovetsky slain his main rival [[Yakym Somko]].

Vouched by [[Charles Marie François Olier, marquis de Nointel]], [[Yuriy Khmelnytsky]] was freed from the Ottoman captivity, appointed and along with Pasha Ibragim was sent to Ukraine fight the Moscow forces of Samoilovych and Romadanovsky. In 1681 [[Mehmed IV]] appointed [[George Ducas]] the Hetman of Ukraine, replacing Khmelnytsky.

Following the [[anathema on Mazepa]] and the election of [[Ivan Skoropadsky]], [[Cossack Hetmanate]] was included into the Russian [[Kiev Governorate|Government of Kiev]] in December 1708. Upon the death of Skoropadsky, the Hetman elections were disrupted and were awarded as a gift and a type of princely titles, first to Moldavian nobleman and later to the Russian Empress favorite.

On 5 April 1710 the council of cossacks, veterans of the battle at Poltava, elected [[Pylyp Orlyk]] as the Hetman of Ukraine in exile. Orlyk waged a guerrilla warfare at the southern borders of the [[Russian Empire]] with the support from Ottoman and Swedish empires.

==See also==
* [[List of leaders of Ukraine]]
* [[Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks]]
* [[Hetman of Ukraine]]

==Further reading==
* Dyadychenko, V. ''Sketches of a social and political system of the [[Left-bank Ukraine]] at the end of 17th and the start of 18th centuries''. Kiev 1959
* Smoliy, V. ''Hetmanate Ukraine''. Kiev 1999

==External links==
* [http://www.history.org.ua/?termin=Getmanatu_instytut Shcherbak, V. ''Institution of Hetmans'']. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. "Naukova dumka". Kiev 2004
* [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\H\E\Hetman.htm ''Hetman'']. [[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hetman Of Zaporizhian Host}}

[[Category:Government of Ukraine]]
[[Category:History of Ukraine]]
[[Category:1648 establishments in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Presidency of Ukraine]]
[[Category:1764 disestablishments in Ukraine]]