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Introduction to Swedish

2008-07-31T14:12:35Z

98.212.49.114: /* Lessons */

{{Template:Introduction to Swedish}}

Swedish (or ''svenska'') is a [[w:North Germanic languages|North Germanic language]], related to Danish and Norwegian. It is spoken primarily in Sweden but also in parts of Finland as well as isolated parts of Russia. The purpose of this course is to teach the basics of Swedish grammar as well as some vocabulary.

==Lessons==
[[Image:Vinga.jpg|Vinga island in the archipelago of Göteborg.|thumb]]
Lesson 1:
*[[Common phrases in Swedish]]
Lesson 2:
*[[Swedish alphabet]]
Lesson 3:
*[[Swedish Nouns and Pronouns|Nouns & pronouns]]
Lesson 4:
*[[Swedish Verb Tenses|Verb tenses]]
Lesson 5:
*[[Swedish Adjectives|Adjectives]]
Lesson 6:
*[[Swedish Numbers and Plurals|Numbers and Plurals]]
Lesson 7:
*[[Swedish spelling]]
Lesson 8:
*[[Swedish definite forms|Definite forms]]
Lesson 9:
*[[Swedish time and dates|Time and dates]]
Lesson 10:
*[[Swedish possessive forms|Possessive forms]]
Lesson 11:
*[[Swedish agreement of forms|Agreement of forms]]
Lesson 12:
*[[Swedish traveling|Traveling]]

==Vocabulary==
*[[Swedish-English Vocabulary]]
*[[English-Swedish Vocabulary]]

==Answers==
*[[Swedish Answers to Exercises|Answers to Exercises]]

==Test==
*[[Introduction to Swedish Test|Test (Quiz)]]

[[Category:Introductions]]
[[Category:Swedish]]

{{tertiary}}
{{languages}}
{{swedish}}
{{ready}}
{{cool}}

Swedish/Alphabet

2008-07-31T14:09:14Z

98.212.49.114: /* Stress */

{{Template:Introduction to Swedish}}

----
The Swedish alphabet contains 28 letters:

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Xx Yy Zz Åå Ää Öö

'''Notes'''
The last three letters, Å, Ä, and Ö, are regarded as distinct letters, separate from A and O. Whereas in English you might use the term "A - Z", in Swedish it would be "A - Ö". Unlike in English, Y is always a vowel, except in the case of some loanwords. For a time, W was part of the alphabet, treated as a variation of V, but it is no longer a part of it (it is still used however, in some loanwords).

==Special Characters==
[[Image:Lange Jan.jpg|The light house "Långe Jan" at the south end of Öland island.|thumb]]
'''On a PC:'''

Alt+0229 = å
Alt+0197 = Å
Alt+0228 = ä

Alt+0196 = Ä
Alt+0246 = ö
Alt+0214 = Ö

'''On a Mac:'''

Option+a = å 
Option+A = Å 
Option+u to get ¨ then type a = ä 
Option+u to get ¨ then type A = Ä 
Option+u to get ¨ then type o = ö 
Option+u to get ¨ then type O = Ö 

If you don't manage to get these characters, the standard way is to substitute '''å''' with '''aa''', '''ä''' with '''ae''', and '''ö''' with '''oe'''.

==The Vowels==
Vowels are divided into hard and soft vowels:

''The hard vowels are:''
a o u å

''The soft vowels are:''
e i y ä ö

When reading new Swedish words you should pay attention to whether the vowels are short or long.
Each vowel has both a long and a short phonetic variant. The basic rule is that a vowel is short if it is followed by more than one consonant.

'''Examples of words with long vowels:'''

''Tal, sko, lur, vår, stel, bil, dyr, säl, öl''

'''Examples of words with short vowels:'''

''Tall, troll, surr, sånt, tenn, svinn, pynt, fält, trött''

==The Consonants==

Most cononants can be doubled.''
'''k''', is doubled with '''ck''' (Like in rock n' roll.)
The consonant '''c''', sounds like '''s''' when not combined with '''k''' (Like the first c in bicycle). '''C''' does not occur doubled.
'''z''', '''q''', and '''w''' are very uncommon letters but are used in family and company names.
''m'' is not doubled at end of words with two exceptions: ''lamm, damm''

'''Examples of words with doubled consonants:'''

''flabb, ledd, klaff, ragg, back, pall, damm, spinn, kupp, pirr, triss, titt''

'''Initial g and k''' 
''If the first letter in a word is '''g''' this letter is pronounced '''j''' if the next letter is a soft vowel. 
''If the first letter in a word is '''k''' this letter is pronounced '''sh''' (like in ship) if the next letter is a soft vowel. 

==Stress==
Normally the stress is put on the first vowel. The tonality is important in Swedish.

==Tonality==
Both ''nita'' and ''niten'' has the stress on the vowel ''i''. However the tonality differs.

==Exercise==

Pronounce the following Swedish words.

1. ''skal, sno, tur, kår, ven, mil, syl, när, bör''

2. ''stall, stopp, lupp, sådd, ett, stins, skyll, ärr, börs''

3. ''vara, bliva, heta, kallas, äta, dricka, festa, leka''

4. ''bilen, vägen, äpplet, trädet, smaken, tiken''

5. ''kal, kotte, kul, kål, gam, gott, gurka, gås''

6. ''ge, gick, gylf, Gävle, gök, kedja, kil, kyl, käk, kök''
[[Category:Introductions]]
[[Category:Swedish]]

Swedish/Alphabet

2008-07-31T14:07:25Z

98.212.49.114: /* The Vowels */

{{Template:Introduction to Swedish}}

----
The Swedish alphabet contains 28 letters:

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Xx Yy Zz Åå Ää Öö

'''Notes'''
The last three letters, Å, Ä, and Ö, are regarded as distinct letters, separate from A and O. Whereas in English you might use the term "A - Z", in Swedish it would be "A - Ö". Unlike in English, Y is always a vowel, except in the case of some loanwords. For a time, W was part of the alphabet, treated as a variation of V, but it is no longer a part of it (it is still used however, in some loanwords).

==Special Characters==
[[Image:Lange Jan.jpg|The light house "Långe Jan" at the south end of Öland island.|thumb]]
'''On a PC:'''

Alt+0229 = å
Alt+0197 = Å
Alt+0228 = ä

Alt+0196 = Ä
Alt+0246 = ö
Alt+0214 = Ö

'''On a Mac:'''

Option+a = å 
Option+A = Å 
Option+u to get ¨ then type a = ä 
Option+u to get ¨ then type A = Ä 
Option+u to get ¨ then type o = ö 
Option+u to get ¨ then type O = Ö 

If you don't manage to get these characters, the standard way is to substitute '''å''' with '''aa''', '''ä''' with '''ae''', and '''ö''' with '''oe'''.

==The Vowels==
Vowels are divided into hard and soft vowels:

''The hard vowels are:''
a o u å

''The soft vowels are:''
e i y ä ö

When reading new Swedish words you should pay attention to whether the vowels are short or long.
Each vowel has both a long and a short phonetic variant. The basic rule is that a vowel is short if it is followed by more than one consonant.

'''Examples of words with long vowels:'''

''Tal, sko, lur, vår, stel, bil, dyr, säl, öl''

'''Examples of words with short vowels:'''

''Tall, troll, surr, sånt, tenn, svinn, pynt, fält, trött''

==The Consonants==

Most cononants can be doubled.''
'''k''', is doubled with '''ck''' (Like in rock n' roll.)
The consonant '''c''', sounds like '''s''' when not combined with '''k''' (Like the first c in bicycle). '''C''' does not occur doubled.
'''z''', '''q''', and '''w''' are very uncommon letters but are used in family and company names.
''m'' is not doubled at end of words with two exceptions: ''lamm, damm''

'''Examples of words with doubled consonants:'''

''flabb, ledd, klaff, ragg, back, pall, damm, spinn, kupp, pirr, triss, titt''

'''Initial g and k''' 
''If the first letter in a word is '''g''' this letter is pronounced '''j''' if the next letter is a soft vowel. 
''If the first letter in a word is '''k''' this letter is pronounced '''sh''' (like in ship) if the next letter is a soft vowel. 

==Stress==
Normaly the stress is put on the first vowel. The tonality is important in Swedish.

==Tonality==
Both ''nita'' and ''niten'' has the stress on the vowel ''i''. However the tonality differs.

==Exercise==

Pronounce the following Swedish words.

1. ''skal, sno, tur, kår, ven, mil, syl, när, bör''

2. ''stall, stopp, lupp, sådd, ett, stins, skyll, ärr, börs''

3. ''vara, bliva, heta, kallas, äta, dricka, festa, leka''

4. ''bilen, vägen, äpplet, trädet, smaken, tiken''

5. ''kal, kotte, kul, kål, gam, gott, gurka, gås''

6. ''ge, gick, gylf, Gävle, gök, kedja, kil, kyl, käk, kök''
[[Category:Introductions]]
[[Category:Swedish]]

Swedish/Alphabet

2008-07-31T14:04:22Z

98.212.49.114: /* The Consonats */

{{Template:Introduction to Swedish}}

----
The Swedish alphabet contains 28 letters:

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Xx Yy Zz Åå Ää Öö

'''Notes'''
The last three letters, Å, Ä, and Ö, are regarded as distinct letters, separate from A and O. Whereas in English you might use the term "A - Z", in Swedish it would be "A - Ö". Unlike in English, Y is always a vowel, except in the case of some loanwords. For a time, W was part of the alphabet, treated as a variation of V, but it is no longer a part of it (it is still used however, in some loanwords).

==Special Characters==
[[Image:Lange Jan.jpg|The light house "Långe Jan" at the south end of Öland island.|thumb]]
'''On a PC:'''

Alt+0229 = å
Alt+0197 = Å
Alt+0228 = ä

Alt+0196 = Ä
Alt+0246 = ö
Alt+0214 = Ö

'''On a Mac:'''

Option+a = å 
Option+A = Å 
Option+u to get ¨ then type a = ä 
Option+u to get ¨ then type A = Ä 
Option+u to get ¨ then type o = ö 
Option+u to get ¨ then type O = Ö 

If you don't manage to get these characters, the standard way is to substitute '''å''' with '''aa''', '''ä''' with '''ae''', and '''ö''' with '''oe'''.

==The Vowels==
Vovels are divided into hard and soft vovels:

''The hard vowels are:''
a o u å

''The soft vowels are:''
e i y ä ö

When reading new Swedish words you should pay attention to if the vowels are short or long.
Each vowel has both a long and a short phonetic variant. The basic rule is that a vowel is short if it is followed by more than one consonant.

'''Examples of words with long vowels:'''

''Tal, sko, lur, vår, stel, bil, dyr, säl, öl''

'''Examples of words with short vowels:'''

''Tall, troll, surr, sånt, tenn, svinn, pynt, fält, trött''

==The Consonants==

Most cononants can be doubled.''
'''k''', is doubled with '''ck''' (Like in rock n' roll.)
The consonant '''c''', sounds like '''s''' when not combined with '''k''' (Like the first c in bicycle). '''C''' does not occur doubled.
'''z''', '''q''', and '''w''' are very uncommon letters but are used in family and company names.
''m'' is not doubled at end of words with two exceptions: ''lamm, damm''

'''Examples of words with doubled consonants:'''

''flabb, ledd, klaff, ragg, back, pall, damm, spinn, kupp, pirr, triss, titt''

'''Initial g and k''' 
''If the first letter in a word is '''g''' this letter is pronounced '''j''' if the next letter is a soft vowel. 
''If the first letter in a word is '''k''' this letter is pronounced '''sh''' (like in ship) if the next letter is a soft vowel. 

==Stress==
Normaly the stress is put on the first vowel. The tonality is important in Swedish.

==Tonality==
Both ''nita'' and ''niten'' has the stress on the vowel ''i''. However the tonality differs.

==Exercise==

Pronounce the following Swedish words.

1. ''skal, sno, tur, kår, ven, mil, syl, när, bör''

2. ''stall, stopp, lupp, sådd, ett, stins, skyll, ärr, börs''

3. ''vara, bliva, heta, kallas, äta, dricka, festa, leka''

4. ''bilen, vägen, äpplet, trädet, smaken, tiken''

5. ''kal, kotte, kul, kål, gam, gott, gurka, gås''

6. ''ge, gick, gylf, Gävle, gök, kedja, kil, kyl, käk, kök''
[[Category:Introductions]]
[[Category:Swedish]]

Swedish/Alphabet

2008-07-31T14:03:46Z

98.212.49.114: /* Special Characters */

{{Template:Introduction to Swedish}}

----
The Swedish alphabet contains 28 letters:

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Xx Yy Zz Åå Ää Öö

'''Notes'''
The last three letters, Å, Ä, and Ö, are regarded as distinct letters, separate from A and O. Whereas in English you might use the term "A - Z", in Swedish it would be "A - Ö". Unlike in English, Y is always a vowel, except in the case of some loanwords. For a time, W was part of the alphabet, treated as a variation of V, but it is no longer a part of it (it is still used however, in some loanwords).

==Special Characters==
[[Image:Lange Jan.jpg|The light house "Långe Jan" at the south end of Öland island.|thumb]]
'''On a PC:'''

Alt+0229 = å
Alt+0197 = Å
Alt+0228 = ä

Alt+0196 = Ä
Alt+0246 = ö
Alt+0214 = Ö

'''On a Mac:'''

Option+a = å 
Option+A = Å 
Option+u to get ¨ then type a = ä 
Option+u to get ¨ then type A = Ä 
Option+u to get ¨ then type o = ö 
Option+u to get ¨ then type O = Ö 

If you don't manage to get these characters, the standard way is to substitute '''å''' with '''aa''', '''ä''' with '''ae''', and '''ö''' with '''oe'''.

==The Vowels==
Vovels are divided into hard and soft vovels:

''The hard vowels are:''
a o u å

''The soft vowels are:''
e i y ä ö

When reading new Swedish words you should pay attention to if the vowels are short or long.
Each vowel has both a long and a short phonetic variant. The basic rule is that a vowel is short if it is followed by more than one consonant.

'''Examples of words with long vowels:'''

''Tal, sko, lur, vår, stel, bil, dyr, säl, öl''

'''Examples of words with short vowels:'''

''Tall, troll, surr, sånt, tenn, svinn, pynt, fält, trött''

==The Consonats==

Most cononants can be doubled.''
'''k''', is doubled with '''ck''' (Like in rock n' roll.)
The consonant '''c''', sounds like '''s''' when not combined with '''k''' (Like the first c in bicycle). '''C''' does not occur doubled.
'''z''', '''q''', and '''w''' are very uncommon letters but are used in family and company names.
''m'' is not doubled at end of words with two exceptions: ''lamm, damm''

'''Examples of words with doubled consonants:'''

''flabb, ledd, klaff, ragg, back, pall, damm, spinn, kupp, pirr, triss, titt''

'''Initial g and k''' 
''If the first letter in a word is '''g''' this letter is pronounced '''j''' if the next letter is a soft vowel. 
''If the first letter in a word is '''k''' this letter is pronounced '''sh''' (like in ship) if the next letter is a soft vowel. 

==Stress==
Normaly the stress is put on the first vowel. The tonality is important in Swedish.

==Tonality==
Both ''nita'' and ''niten'' has the stress on the vowel ''i''. However the tonality differs.

==Exercise==

Pronounce the following Swedish words.

1. ''skal, sno, tur, kår, ven, mil, syl, när, bör''

2. ''stall, stopp, lupp, sådd, ett, stins, skyll, ärr, börs''

3. ''vara, bliva, heta, kallas, äta, dricka, festa, leka''

4. ''bilen, vägen, äpplet, trädet, smaken, tiken''

5. ''kal, kotte, kul, kål, gam, gott, gurka, gås''

6. ''ge, gick, gylf, Gävle, gök, kedja, kil, kyl, käk, kök''
[[Category:Introductions]]
[[Category:Swedish]]