IdeaWazaWiki - User contributions [en]

User:Idea/Later

2026-09-29T08:40:06Z

Waza: Add wave 4 later items

* [[Archive:Wound bed preparation]]
* [[Archive:Ottoman matchlock musket]]
* [[Archive:Death literacy]]
* [[Archive:Far-right subcultures]] (politics/culture-war hold)
* [[Archive:Personalised external aortic root support]] (medical)
* [[Archive:Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States]] (ethnicity-religion)
* [[Archive:Political status of Ryukyu]] (politics)
* [[Archive:Geneva College of Longevity Science]] (medicine/longevity)
* [[Archive:Nootropics Depot]] (supplements)
* [[Archive:Philosophy of Meitei script]] (ethnicity framing)

New

2026-09-29T08:39:02Z

Waza: Add Full frame (cinematography)

This is a [[lists|list]] of relatively new pages on this wiki. A lot of them can be linked to from other pages, and then removed from here, as appropriate.

* [[Full frame (cinematography)]]
* [[Doorman fallacy]]
* [[Helical extrusion]]
* [[Adoption of the euro in Portugal]]
* [[Heartburn in pregnancy]]
* [[Meitei language in Assam]]
* [[Software industry]]
* [[Instance dungeon]]
* [[Nothing OS]]
* [[WDC 65C21]]
* [[World War I]]
* [[Ryo Te Tori]]
* [[Immigrant entrepreneurship]]
* [[Kaitiakitanga]]
* [[Transculturation]]
* [[History of banking in Malta]]
* [[Discovery of Longitude at Sea Act 1774]]
* [[Radical-pair mechanism]]
* [[Plants]]
* [[Rope pump]]
* [[Open source online advertising platform]]
* [[Data]]
* [[International Workers' Day]]
* [[Witches in popular culture]]
* [[Astromech (company)]]
* [[Sound proofing]]
* [[Critical community psychology]]
* [[Pink certificate]]
* [[Freedom of the press in China]]
* [[Britain–Australia Society]]
* [[Software transactional memory]]
* [[G0.238-0.071]]
* [[Fortified gateway]]
* [[Space Station 14]]
* [[ChiTownBio]]
* [[92.7 Big FM]]
* [[Electromod]]
* [[CarExpert]]
* [[Janhit College of Law]]
* [[Collaborative research]]

==See also==
* [[Archives]]
* [[Index]]
* [[Saved]]
* [[Browse]]
* [[Discussion]]
* [[Meta]]
* [[Archive:New|Archive of New Content List Sept 28 2026]]

[[Category:Navigation]]
[[Category:Meta]]
[[Category:New]]

User:Waza/Added

2026-09-29T08:38:00Z

Waza: Add wave 4 imports

= AfD pages added =

Running log of English Wikipedia Articles for Deletion candidates imported into the '''Archive:''' namespace for educational preservation (CC BY-SA). Living-person biographies are excluded.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Date (PT)
! Archive page
! Source
! Notes
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Rope pump]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope_pump en:Rope pump]
| Dry-run XML import; 121 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Radical-pair mechanism]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical-pair_mechanism en:Radical-pair mechanism]
| XML import; 19 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Discovery of Longitude at Sea Act 1774]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_Longitude_at_Sea_Act_1774 en:Discovery of Longitude at Sea Act 1774]
| XML import; 7 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Wound bed preparation]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound_bed_preparation en:Wound bed preparation]
| XML import; 115 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:History of banking in Malta]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_banking_in_Malta en:History of banking in Malta]
| XML import; 25 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Ottoman matchlock musket]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_matchlock_musket en:Ottoman matchlock musket]
| XML import; 40 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Transculturation]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transculturation en:Transculturation]
| XML import; 253 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Kaitiakitanga]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaitiakitanga en:Kaitiakitanga]
| XML import; 176 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Immigrant entrepreneurship]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigrant_entrepreneurship en:Immigrant entrepreneurship]
| XML import; 337 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:WDC 65C21]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDC_65C21 en:WDC 65C21]
| XML import; 29 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Death literacy]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_literacy en:Death literacy]
| XML import; 36 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Nothing OS]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing_OS en:Nothing OS]
| XML import; 77 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Instance dungeon]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instance_dungeon en:Instance dungeon]
| XML import; 253 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Software industry]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_industry en:Software industry]
| XML import; 539 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Meitei language in Assam]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei_language_in_Assam en:Meitei language in Assam]
| XML import; 58 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Heartburn in pregnancy]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartburn_in_pregnancy en:Heartburn in pregnancy]
| XML import; 52 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Far-right subcultures]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right_subcultures en:Far-right subcultures]
| XML import; 405 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Chaos machine]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_machine en:Chaos machine]
| XML import; 24 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Doorman fallacy]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doorman_fallacy en:Doorman fallacy]
| XML import; 23 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Helical extrusion]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helical_extrusion en:Helical extrusion]
| XML import; 13 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Kurukh phonology]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurukh_phonology en:Kurukh phonology]
| XML import; 35 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Foresight Linux]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresight_Linux en:Foresight Linux]
| XML import; 238 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Pop PHP Framework]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_PHP_Framework en:Pop PHP Framework]
| XML import; 115 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Adoption of the euro in Portugal]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoption_of_the_euro_in_Portugal en:Adoption of the euro in Portugal]
| XML import; 19 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Child Care Management System]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_Care_Management_System en:Child Care Management System]
| XML import; 36 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Personalised external aortic root support]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalised_external_aortic_root_support en:Personalised external aortic root support]
| XML import; 27 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews_in_the_United_States en:Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States]
| XML import; 77 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:BengalOS]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BengalOS en:BengalOS]
| XML import; 6 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Twimight]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twimight en:Twimight]
| XML import; 39 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Ronin Institute]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronin_Institute en:Ronin Institute]
| XML import; 72 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Political status of Ryukyu]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_status_of_Ryukyu en:Political status of Ryukyu]
| XML import; 6 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:The Quantum World: From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quantum_World%3A_From_Waves_to_the_Mystery_of_Entanglement en:The Quantum World: From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement]
| XML import; 7 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Video-Enhanced Grave Marker]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video-Enhanced_Grave_Marker en:Video-Enhanced Grave Marker]
| XML import; 85 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Space Capital]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Capital en:Space Capital]
| XML import; 125 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Franchising Company]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchising_Company en:Franchising Company]
| XML import; 13 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:CURE Auto Insurance]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURE_Auto_Insurance en:CURE Auto Insurance]
| XML import; 10 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Aster (cryptocurrency exchange)]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aster_(cryptocurrency_exchange) en:Aster (cryptocurrency exchange)]
| XML import; 50 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Tango (software company)]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_(software_company) en:Tango (software company)]
| XML import; 5 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:House of Dust (architecture)]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Dust_(architecture) en:House of Dust (architecture)]
| XML import; 86 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Geneva College of Longevity Science]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_College_of_Longevity_Science en:Geneva College of Longevity Science]
| XML import; 13 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Full frame (cinematography)]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_frame_(cinematography) en:Full frame (cinematography)]
| XML import; 70 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Nootropics Depot]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nootropics_Depot en:Nootropics Depot]
| XML import; 5 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Philosophy of Meitei script]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_Meitei_script en:Philosophy of Meitei script]
| XML import; 10 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Thomas_Institute_for_Science_and_Technology en:St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology]
| XML import; 58 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Kids Network]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kids_Network en:Kids Network]
| XML import; 29 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|}

== Rules ==
* Default namespace: Archive:
* Prefer Special:Import (XML) for full revision history
* Skip living people / real-person bios
* Skip titles already present on IdeaWaza Main (see operator list)

Archive:Kids Network

2026-09-29T08:36:06Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice and draft tags

[[File:Kids Network Logo.png|thumb|Logo of the Kids Network television channel.]]

'''Kids Network''' is an American media, production and [[brand licensing]] company, mostly known as an entertainment company. The company owns the largest independent library of children's television programming. The company was created by Stickman, LLC (Colin N. Walker), Located at 2621 Shockley Rd NW, [[Monroe, Georgia]] 30656.

==TV series==
*''[[Strawberry Shortcake (TV series)|Strawberry Shortcake]]''
*''[[The Care Bears Family]]''
*''[[Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series)|Inspector Gadget]]''
*''[[Super Mario World (TV series)|Super Mario World]]''
*''[[Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog]]''
*''[[Liberty's Kids]]''
*''[[Pocoyo]]''
*''[[Garfield and Friends]]''
*''[[Caillou]]''
*''[[Pokémon (TV series)|Pokémon]]''
*''[[Cleo & Cuquin]]''
*''[[Alvinnn!!! and the Chipmunks]]''
*''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''
*''[[Kid vs. Kat]]''
*''[[Dora the Explorer (TV series)|Dora the Explorer]]''
*''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]''
*''[[Mickey Mouse Clubhouse]]''
*''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''

{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Television production companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Branding companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Walton County, Georgia]]
}}

Archive:St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology

2026-09-29T08:34:55Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice and unused templates

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox college


| motto =
| type = private
| name = St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology
| established = 2010
| location =
| principal = Prof.Dr.A.G Mathew
| affiliations = [[Kerala Technological University]]
| dean =
| image = St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology IMG 20260705 143845329.jpg
| image_alt = St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology
| city = [[Trivandrum]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| country = [[India]]
| postal_code = 695584
| coordinates = {{coord|8.59325|76.89135|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| campus =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| faculty =
| language = English
| website = {{URL|https://www.stisttvm.edu.in/}}
}}

'''St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology''' is an engineering educational institution located in Kattaikonam, [[Trivandrum]], [[Kerala]], [[India]] offering engineering education and research. This college was established by the [[Mar Thoma Church]] Educational Society (MTCES) in 2010. The college is affiliated to the [[University of Kerala]] and the [[Kerala Technological University]].

==Academics==
The following courses of are approved by the [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE) and sanctioned by the [[Government of Kerala]], leading to the [[B.Tech]]. Degree of the [[University of Kerala]] and [[Kerala Technological University]]. It has an annual intake of 240 students for [[B.Tech]] courses. The distribution of seats are as follows.

* Civil Engineering : 60 seats
* Computer Science & Engineering : 60 seats
* Electrical & Electronics Engineering : 30 seats
* Electronics & Communications Engineering : 30 seats
* Mechanical Engineering : 60 seats

St. Thomas offers [[M.Tech]] programmes in the Civil Engineering Department.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stisttvm.edu.in/ |title=Welcome To Stist |website=Stisttvm.edu.in |date=1966-05-11 |accessdate=2016-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/List_of_Approved_Institutes_2015-2016.pdf |title=List of AICTE approved institutions (A.Y. 2015-16) as on 30th April 2015 |website=Aicte-india.org |accessdate=2016-05-21}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology IMG 20260705 143358877.jpg|Lab complex
St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology IMG 20260705 143507742.jpg|Canteen
St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology IMG 20260705 143431224.jpg |College building
St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology IMG 20260705 143438253.jpg | Workshop
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Thomas Institute for Science and Technology}}
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Educational institutions in India established in 2010]]

Archive:Philosophy of Meitei script

2026-09-29T08:33:46Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice and broken templates

[[File:The eighteen foremost letters of the ancient Meitei script (ancient Meetei script) of ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur).jpg|thumb|The 18 foremost letters of the ancient Meitei writing system<ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />]]
The '''philosophy of Meitei script''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯋꯥꯡꯎꯂꯣꯟ / ꯋꯥꯡꯎꯂꯣꯜ}}; Meitei Mayek Wangulon / Wangulol<ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />) is a part of [[Meitei philosophy]] and the [[philosophy of Sanamahism]].<ref>Kirti Singh, Moirangthem. Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy. India: Parimal Publications, 1998. p. 103</ref> It links the letters, alphabets, and numerals of the [[Meitei script]] with [[Meitei mythology|mythology]], [[Meitei folklore|folklore]], [[Meitei religion|religion]], and philosophy. The script is used not only for writing but also to explain the creation of the universe and human beings.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466689|title=Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok|last=Thokchao Pangkanpa|first=Thokchom|date=1958|publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive|others=Manipur University Library|location=India|language=mni}}</ref><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11">{{Cite web|title=Discovery of Kangleipak 11|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11.html..|access-date=2026-02-06|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12">{{Cite web|title=Discovery of Kangleipak 12|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12.html..|access-date=2026-02-06|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon">{{Cite web|title=Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.309999/page/n7/mode/1up|website=Internet Archive; Digital Library of India|language=mni}}</ref>

== Creation ==

According to Meitei belief, the Universal Lord, also called the God Father Creator, existed in an indeterminate primordial state. He began to think about creating the universe. As a result, space, stars, the sun, earth, fire, water, and air came into existence.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

== Seven-day week and creation of man ==

The creation of humans is linked with the seven-day week, with each day associated with the creation of specific parts of the human body and related [[Meitei alphabet]]s.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Langmaiching (Sunday) ===

Langmaiching is the first day of the week, now called Nongmaijing. It represents the beginning of human creation.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

The name Langmaiching comes from:

* Lang – becoming a human body from the immaterial spirit of the God Father.
* Mai – human face or Laipak.
* Ching – attraction toward a centre.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

On this day, the God Father Creator incarnates as the number 1 (꯱), attracting fire, water, air, earth, and space to begin the creation of man, particularly the Laipak (forehead), which becomes the permanent seat of the God Father Creator as long as the human lives.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

The Loi peoples of Kangleipak still use the original term Langmaiching. The general term changed to Nongmaijing during the 18th century cultural evolution.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Ningthoukapa (Monday) ===

Ningthoukapa is the second day of the week, corresponding to Monday.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

On this day, the first three Meitei alphabets (ꯀ, ꯁ, ꯂ) appeared, representing the completion of the head.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Meaning of Ningthoukapa:

* Ning – mind.
* Thou – directing the mind.
* Kapa – taking a seat.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

The God Father Creator permanently takes His seat in the Laipak (forehead).<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Leipakpokpa (Tuesday) ===

The third day of the week is Leipakpokpa, meaning “birth of the human trunk” (Leipak for Earth, Pokpa for giving birth).<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

The second set of three alphabets (ꯃ, ꯄ, ꯅ) appeared to help the creation of the human trunk.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Legend says that [[Sanamahi Lainingthou]] first created animals but failed to create man. The God Father Creator advised him to create man in the image seen in the pupils of His eyes.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Imsakeisa (Wednesday) ===

Imsakeisa is the fourth day, representing the construction of the human body trunk, which becomes a temple for the God Father Creator.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Three alphabets (ꯆ, ꯇ, ꯈ) symbolize mouth, sperm, and chin, relating to the human body's structure and functions.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Meanings are Im for house, sa for built, kei for barn, sa for storage, showing the human body as a temple.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Sakonsen (Thursday) ===

Sakonsen represents the internal organs and the heart, where the God Father Creator resides.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Alphabets ꯉ, ꯊ, ꯋ correspond to tongue and gullet, chest organs, and the heart.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Meanings are Sa for human body, kon for embracing, sen for keeping under care, showing the Creator's love and protection.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Eelai (Friday) ===

Eelai represents the outward form and shape of the human body.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Alphabets ꯌ, ꯍ, ꯎ relate to the spine, the living body, and the God Father Creator.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Meanings are Ee for blood, Lai for God, showing that the Creator began creation on Earth as a drop of blood.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Thangcha (Saturday) ===

Thangcha is the last day, completing the creation of the male human being.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Alphabets ꯏ, ꯐ, ꯑ correspond to blood, semen, and unlimited space, representing human procreation.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Meanings are Thang for "to drive down", cha for descendants, showing the continuation of mankind.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

== Importance ==
[[File:Last two pages of the Wakoklon Hilel Thilel Salai Ama-ilon Pukok, a holy text (Puya) of Ancient Meitei religion (Sanamahism), written in Classical Meitei language (in the traditional Meetei Mayek script).jpg|thumb|The [[Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amailon Pukok Puya]], a holy text ([[PuYa]]) of [[Ancient Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]]), which tells about the philosophy of [[Meitei Mayek]] script<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />]]

The [[Meitei Mayek]] script is more than a writing system. The [[Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amailon Pukok Puya|Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Ama-IIon Pukok]] states:

{{Blockquote|"Khunung Eeyekki Khonthok
Asipusu khunthoklon
Haikatane Lepna
Khangpio"<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />}}

In English, it is translated as:
{{Blockquote|"The social sound of the writing alphabets is also to be known as the procreation of mankind."<ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" />}}

The letters and numbers of the Meitei script show cosmic creation, human body structure, and spiritual presence, having the deep connection between language, philosophy, and religion in [[Meitei culture]].<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

== Alphabets and body parts ==
[[File:Meetei alphabet origin.jpg|thumb|[[Logograms]] of [[Meitei script]]]]

{| class="wikitable"
!Image(s)
!Letter(s)
![[Logogram|Representation(s)]]
!Name(s)/Pronunciation(s)
![[Romanization]]
!Meaning(s){{efn|Some of the meanings rendered by some letters (characters) are different according to different sources. So, if found different, they're added together in the same section.}}<ref>{{Citation|chapter=Meetei Mayek or Meetei script chart|date=2009|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/court-chronicle-of-the-kings-of-manipur/meetei-mayek-or-meetei-script-chart/788010CFE8284F1940148DAFFAC6F262|title=The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur|pages=145–148|editor-last=Arambarn Parratt|editor-first=Saroj Nalini|publisher=Foundation Books|isbn=978-81-7596-854-7|access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Transliteration from Hindi Script to Meetei Mayek: ( A Rule Based Approach )|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/abffca19fde6f67de9236dc54bc90f9b4c960980|access-date=2025-06-26|website=www.semanticscholar.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Meetei Mayek: The Script|url=http://tabish.freeshell.org/eeyek/script/|access-date=2025-06-26|website=tabish.freeshell.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="Meitei Mayek Alphabets"|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Meitei-Mayek-Alphabets_fig1_328718529|website=researchgate}}</ref>
!Latin equivalent letters/sounds
!IPA<ref>{{cite web |title=Manipuri (Meeteilon / Meithei) |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/manipuri.htm |website=Omniglot}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "KOK" (K) - meaning as well as representing "head" or "brain".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "KOK" (ꯀ) represents as well as means "brain" or "head".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯣꯛ}}
|''kok''
|head or brain
|K
|/k/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "SAM" (S) - meaning as well as representing "hair".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯁ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "SAM" (ꯁ) represents as well as means "hair".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯁꯝ}}
|''sam''/''sham''
|hair
|S
|/s/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "LAI" (L) - meaning as well as representing "forehead".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯂ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "LAI" (ꯂ) represents as well as means "forehead".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯥꯏ}}
|''lai''
|forehead
|L
|/l/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "MIT" (M) - meaning as well as representing "eye".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "MIT" (ꯃ) represents as well as means "eye".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯤꯠ}}
|''mit''/''meet''
|eye
|M
|/m/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "PAA" (P) - meaning as well as representing "eyelash".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯄ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "PAA" (ꯄ) represents as well as means "eyelash".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯄꯥ}}
|''pā''/''paa''
|eyelash
|P
|/p/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "NAA" (N) - meaning as well as representing "ear".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯅ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "NA" (ꯅ) represents as well as means "ear".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯅꯥ}}
|''nā''/''naa''
|ear
|N
|/n/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "CHIL" (CH) - meaning as well as representing "lips".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯆ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "CHIL" (ꯆ) represents as well as means "lips".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯆꯤꯜ}}
|''chil''/''cheel''
|lips
|Ch
|/t͡ʃ/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "TIL" (T) - meaning as well as representing "saliva".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯇ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "TIL" (ꯇ) represents as well as means "saliva".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯤꯜ}}
|''til''/''teel''
|saliva
|T
|/t/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "KHOU" (KH) - meaning as well as representing "throat".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈ}}
|
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯧ}}
|''khou''
|throat, palate, neck
|Kh
|/kʰ/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "NGOU" (NG) - meaning as well as representing "pharynx".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯉ}}
|
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯉꯧ}}
|''ngou''
|pharynx, larynx
|Ng
|/ŋ/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "THOU" (TH) - meaning as well as representing "chest" or "breasts" or "rib cage".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯊ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "THOU" (ꯊ) represents as well as means "chest".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯊꯧ}}
|''thou''
|breast, chest, ribs
|Th
|/tʰ/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "WAI" (W) - meaning as well as representing "navel" or "heart".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯋ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "WAI" (ꯋ) represents as well as means "heart" or "navel".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯋꯥꯏ}}
|''wai''
|navel, heart
|W
|/w/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "YAANG" (Y) - meaning as well as representing "backbone" or "vertebral column" or "spine".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯌ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "YANG" (ꯌ) represents as well as means "backbone" or "vertebral column" or "spine".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯌꯥꯡ}}
|''yang''
|backbone, vertebral column, spine
|Y
|/j/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "HOOK" (H) - meaning as well as representing "joint" or "articulation".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯍ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "HOOK" (ꯍ) represents as well as means "joint" ("articulation").jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯍꯨꯛ}}
|''huk''/''hook''
|joint, articulation
|H
|/h/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "OON" (U) - meaning as well as representing "skin" or "hair follicle".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯎ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "OON" (ꯎ) represents as well as means "skin" or "hair follicle".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯎꯟ}}
|''un''/''oon''
|skin, hair follicle
|U
|/u(ː)/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "EE" (I) - meaning as well as representing "blood".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯏ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "EE" (ꯏ) represents as well as means "blood".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯏ}}
|''ee''/''i''
|blood
|I or E
|/i(ː)/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "PHAM" (PH) - meaning as well as representing "anus" or "buttocks" or "seat" or "uterus" or "womb".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯐ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "PHAM" (ꯐ) represents as well as means "anus" or "buttocks" or "seat" or "uterus" or "womb".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯐꯝ}}
|''pham''/''fam''
|"anus" or "buttocks" or "seat" or "uterus" or "womb"
|F or Ph
|/pʰ/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "ATING-NGAA" (A) - meaning as well as representing "Sky" or "Immortality" or "Heaven" or "Eternity" or "Divinity" or "Celestial Being" or "Birth".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯑ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "ATING-NGAA" or "ATINGAA" (ꯑ) represents as well as means "Birth" or "Celestial Being" or "Divinity" or "Eternity" or "Heaven" or "Immortality" or "Placenta" or "Sky".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯇꯤꯡꯉꯥ / ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥ}}
|''atinga''/''atiya''
|"sky" or "immortality" or "heaven" or "eternity" or "divinity" or "celestial being" or "birth"
|A
|/ɐ/
|}

== See also ==
* [[Chang Thokpa]]
* [[Meitei script movement]]
* [[Meitei language movement]]
* [[Meitei language day]]
* [[Meetei Erol Eyek Loinasillol Apunba Lup]]
* [[Manipur Official Language Act]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Classical Meitei odd numbers - related to the Chang Thokpa tradition of Sanamahism of Ancient Kangleipak civilisation 01.jpg
File:Classical Meitei odd numbers - related to the Chang Thokpa tradition of Sanamahism of Ancient Kangleipak civilisation 02.jpg
</gallery>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite web|title=Meitei Script and Scriptures|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Meitei_Script_and_Scriptures}}
* {{Cite web|title=Journey of Life with 18 Kanglei Alphabets|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.Journey_of_Life_with_18_Kanglei_Alphabets.html..}}
* {{Cite web|title=The Manipuri Letter Kok By James Oinam|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.The_Manipuri_Letter_Kok_By_James_Oinam.html..}}
* {{Cite web|title=On the Probable Origin of the Letter Atiya By James Oinam|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.On_the_Probable_Origin_of_the_Letter_Atiya_By_James_Oinam.html..}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Notelist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Meitei script]]
[[Category:Philosophy of life]]
[[Category:Philosophy of religion]]
[[Category:Philosophy of science]]
[[Category:Sanamahism]]
[[Category:Meitei mythology]]
[[Category:Meitei folklore]]
[[Category:South Asian philosophy]]

Archive:Nootropics Depot

2026-09-29T08:32:42Z

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{{Short description|Nootropics vendor based in Arizona, USA}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Nootropics Depot
| logo = [[File:Nootropics Depot logo.png|frameless|250px|class=skin-invert-image]]
| logo_caption =
| logo_upright =
| logo_alt =
| type =
| industry = [[Dietary supplement]] [[manufacturer]] [[Online retailer]]
| predecessor = Ceretropic
| founded = {{Start date and age|2013}}<ref name="Ferrer2026" />
| founder = Paul Eftang
| defunct =
| fate =
| successor =
| hq_location_city = [[Tempe, Arizona|Tempe]], [[Arizona]]
| hq_location_country = [[United States]]
| area_served = United States
| key_people =
| products = [[Nootropic]]s; [[Dietary supplement|Supplement]]s
| owner = Paul Eftang ("MisterYouAreSoDumb")<ref name="USDOJ2024" />
| num_employees = approximately 90 people
| num_employees_year =
| parent = Centera Bioscience
| website = {{URL|https://nootropicsdepot.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Nootropics Depot''', also known as '''Centera Bioscience''', is a [[nootropics]] [[online vendor|vendor]] based in [[Arizona]], [[United States]].<ref name="USDOJ2023">{{cite web | author=U.S. Attorney's Office, District of New Hampshire | title=Arizona Company and CEO Plead Guilty to the Distribution of Drugs Not Approved by the FDA and Will Pay $2.4 Million | website=Department of Justice | date=30 October 2023 | url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-nh/pr/arizona-company-and-ceo-plead-guilty-distribution-drugs-not-approved-fda-and-will-pay-24 | access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref><ref name="USDOJ2024">{{cite web | author=U.S. Attorney's Office, District of New Hampshire | title=Arizona Company and CEO Sentenced for Illegal Distribution of Tianeptine and Other Drugs and Ordered to Forfeit $2.4 Million | website=Department of Justice | date=5 February 2024 | url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-nh/pr/arizona-company-and-ceo-sentenced-illegal-distribution-tianeptine-and-other-drugs-and | access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref><ref name="Ferrer2026">{{cite web | last=Ferrer | first=Benjamin | title=Nootropics Depot calls for legal clarity on botanical supplement classifications and stricter testing | website=Nutrition Insight | date=18 February 2026 | url=https://www.nutritioninsight.com/news/nootropics-depot-botanical-mushroom-supplements-regulation-testing.html | access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref> The [[Chief Executive Officer]] (CEO) of the company is Paul Eftang, who is also known by his online handle "MisterYouAreSoDumb".<ref name="USDOJ2023" /><ref name="USDOJ2024" /><ref name="Ferrer2026" />

Between April 2017 and September 2021, Nootropics Depot and Eftang sold non-[[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)-approved [[pharmaceutical drug]]s including [[tianeptine]], [[adrafinil]], [[phenibut]], and [[racetam]]s to consumers across state lines in the United States.<ref name="USDOJ2023" /><ref name="USDOJ2024" /><ref name="WHO2022">{{cite book | title=WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence: forty-fourth report | publisher=World Health Organization | series=Technical Report Series - World Health Organization | year=2022 | isbn=978-92-4-004283-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xTZlEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 | access-date=13 July 2026 | page=125 | quote=A Google Chrome Internet search in July 2021 with the search terms "phenibut" and "buy" identified 21 suppliers: Nootropics Depot, Zack attack, Liftmode, HR (Hard Rhino) Supplements, SportPoeders, Primaforce, Raw Powders, Nootropic Source, MOSPharma, Grabr, SG Asesores Industriales, Cosmicnootropic, Absorb Health, Newmind, ELV Bioscience, Intellimeds, SuperSmart, RUPharma'Science. bio, TheSmartShopOnline, Cosmic Nootropic and NutriVitaShop.}}</ref><ref name="MarraffaStorkHoffman2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marraffa JM, Stork CM, Hoffman RS, Su MK | title = Poison control center experience with tianeptine: an unregulated pharmaceutical product with potential for abuse | journal = Clin Toxicol (Phila) | volume = 56 | issue = 11 | pages = 1155–1158 | date = November 2018 | pmid = 29799284 | doi = 10.1080/15563650.2018.1476694 | url = }}</ref> As part of their operations, they engaged with consumers through a dedicated online [[Reddit]] forum.<ref name="USDOJ2023" /><ref name="USDOJ2024" /> The preceding activities led to an FDA and [[United States Postal Inspection Service]] (USPIS) investigation and eventual prosecution of the company and its CEO.<ref name="USDOJ2023" /><ref name="USDOJ2024" /> In October 2023, Nootropics Depot and Eftang pleaded guilty in a federal court and agreed to forfeit {{US$|2.4 million}} and seized drugs as part of a plea bargain.<ref name="USDOJ2023" /><ref name="USDOJ2024" /> In February 2024, they were sentenced, with Nootropics Depot receiving 3{{nbsp}}years of probation and Eftang receiving 1{{nbsp}}year of probation.<ref name="USDOJ2024" /><ref name="Ferrer2026" /> The company imported {{US$|7.4 million}} worth in raw materials from [[China]] for the drugs between April 2017 and September 2021 and made approximately {{US$|35 million}} in profits from selling the drugs during this time period.<ref name="USDOJ2024" /> Eftang has defended the company by stating that its nootropic products had existed in a "legal gray zone" somewhere between a "drug" and a "supplement".<ref name="Ferrer2026" />

In February 2026, Nootropics Depot and Eftang called for industry-wide legal clarification and reform.<ref name="Ferrer2026" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://nootropicsdepot.com/}}
* [https://dsld.od.nih.gov/brand-products/Nootropics+Depot Nootropics Depot - Dietary Supplement Label Database - National Institutes of Health: Office of Dietary Supplements]

[[Category:Drug distribution]]
[[Category:Nutritional supplement companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Online retailers]]

Full frame (cinematography)

2026-09-29T08:31:42Z

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In [[cinematography]], '''full frame''' refers to an image area (today most commonly on a [[Image sensor|digital sensor]]) that is the same size as that used by a [[135 film|35 mm]] [[still camera]].<ref>https://pro.sony/ue_US/technology/full-frame-sensor</ref> Still cameras run the film horizontally behind the [[lens]], whereas standard 35 mm [[Motion picture camera|motion-picture cameras]] run the film vertically. Thus, a 35 mm still camera's image is significantly larger than that of a standard 35 mm motion-picture camera.

[[file:135 film perforations.jpg|thumb|35 mm still frame]]

[[File:Super35 and Techniscope.png|right|thumb|300px|35 mm motion-picture frames]]

Specialty motion-picture formats have used film running horizontally, notably [[VistaVision]] (which produced a "full-frame" image) and [[IMAX]].

Historically, most [[Digital cinematography|digital cinema]] cameras have used [[Super 35]] sized (similar to [[APS-C]]) sensors,<ref>https://vmi.tv/blog/learn-help/guide-to-sensor-sizes-and-lens-formats/</ref> largely to maintain compatibility with existing lenses and to produce traditional "cinematic" [[depth of field]] and [[field of view]].

Full-frame cameras require lenses with larger [[optics]] and produce shallower depth of field than conventional 35 mm cinema cameras.<ref>https://fstoppers.com/education/understanding-how-sensor-size-affects-depth-field-312599</ref>

==Technical specifications==
{{See also|Academy ratio}}

{{br}}

==See also==
*[[Image sensor format]]
*[[35mm format|35 mm format]]
*[[Full-frame digital SLR]]
*[[Full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera]]
*[[Half-frame camera]]
*[[List of film formats]]
*[[Silent film]]
*[[Reframing (filmmaking)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Full Frame}}
[[Category:Film and video terminology]]

Archive:Philosophy of Meitei script

2026-09-29T08:28:43Z

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{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Philosophy of Meitei script|timestamp=20260923032805|year=2026|month=September|day=23|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}

[[File:The eighteen foremost letters of the ancient Meitei script (ancient Meetei script) of ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur).jpg|thumb|The 18 foremost letters of the ancient Meitei writing system<ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />]]
{{Meitei script sidebar}}

The '''philosophy of Meitei script''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯋꯥꯡꯎꯂꯣꯟ / ꯋꯥꯡꯎꯂꯣꯜ}}; Meitei Mayek Wangulon / Wangulol<ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />) is a part of [[Meitei philosophy]] and the [[philosophy of Sanamahism]].<ref>Kirti Singh, Moirangthem. Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy. India: Parimal Publications, 1998. p. 103</ref> It links the letters, alphabets, and numerals of the [[Meitei script]] with [[Meitei mythology|mythology]], [[Meitei folklore|folklore]], [[Meitei religion|religion]], and philosophy. The script is used not only for writing but also to explain the creation of the universe and human beings.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466689|title=Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok|last=Thokchao Pangkanpa|first=Thokchom|date=1958|publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive|others=Manipur University Library|location=India|language=mni}}</ref><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11">{{Cite web|title=Discovery of Kangleipak 11|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11.html..|access-date=2026-02-06|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12">{{Cite web|title=Discovery of Kangleipak 12|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12.html..|access-date=2026-02-06|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon">{{Cite web|title=Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.309999/page/n7/mode/1up|website=Internet Archive; Digital Library of India|language=mni}}</ref>

== Creation ==

According to Meitei belief, the Universal Lord, also called the God Father Creator, existed in an indeterminate primordial state. He began to think about creating the universe. As a result, space, stars, the sun, earth, fire, water, and air came into existence.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

== Seven-day week and creation of man ==

The creation of humans is linked with the seven-day week, with each day associated with the creation of specific parts of the human body and related [[Meitei alphabet]]s.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Langmaiching (Sunday) ===

Langmaiching is the first day of the week, now called Nongmaijing. It represents the beginning of human creation.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

The name Langmaiching comes from:

* Lang – becoming a human body from the immaterial spirit of the God Father.
* Mai – human face or Laipak.
* Ching – attraction toward a centre.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

On this day, the God Father Creator incarnates as the number 1 (꯱), attracting fire, water, air, earth, and space to begin the creation of man, particularly the Laipak (forehead), which becomes the permanent seat of the God Father Creator as long as the human lives.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

The Loi peoples of Kangleipak still use the original term Langmaiching. The general term changed to Nongmaijing during the 18th century cultural evolution.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Ningthoukapa (Monday) ===

Ningthoukapa is the second day of the week, corresponding to Monday.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

On this day, the first three Meitei alphabets (ꯀ, ꯁ, ꯂ) appeared, representing the completion of the head.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Meaning of Ningthoukapa:

* Ning – mind.
* Thou – directing the mind.
* Kapa – taking a seat.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

The God Father Creator permanently takes His seat in the Laipak (forehead).<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Leipakpokpa (Tuesday) ===

The third day of the week is Leipakpokpa, meaning “birth of the human trunk” (Leipak for Earth, Pokpa for giving birth).<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

The second set of three alphabets (ꯃ, ꯄ, ꯅ) appeared to help the creation of the human trunk.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Legend says that [[Sanamahi Lainingthou]] first created animals but failed to create man. The God Father Creator advised him to create man in the image seen in the pupils of His eyes.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Imsakeisa (Wednesday) ===

Imsakeisa is the fourth day, representing the construction of the human body trunk, which becomes a temple for the God Father Creator.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Three alphabets (ꯆ, ꯇ, ꯈ) symbolize mouth, sperm, and chin, relating to the human body's structure and functions.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Meanings are Im for house, sa for built, kei for barn, sa for storage, showing the human body as a temple.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Sakonsen (Thursday) ===

Sakonsen represents the internal organs and the heart, where the God Father Creator resides.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Alphabets ꯉ, ꯊ, ꯋ correspond to tongue and gullet, chest organs, and the heart.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Meanings are Sa for human body, kon for embracing, sen for keeping under care, showing the Creator's love and protection.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Eelai (Friday) ===

Eelai represents the outward form and shape of the human body.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Alphabets ꯌ, ꯍ, ꯎ relate to the spine, the living body, and the God Father Creator.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Meanings are Ee for blood, Lai for God, showing that the Creator began creation on Earth as a drop of blood.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

=== Thangcha (Saturday) ===

Thangcha is the last day, completing the creation of the male human being.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Alphabets ꯏ, ꯐ, ꯑ correspond to blood, semen, and unlimited space, representing human procreation.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

Meanings are Thang for "to drive down", cha for descendants, showing the continuation of mankind.<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

== Importance ==
[[File:Last two pages of the Wakoklon Hilel Thilel Salai Ama-ilon Pukok, a holy text (Puya) of Ancient Meitei religion (Sanamahism), written in Classical Meitei language (in the traditional Meetei Mayek script).jpg|thumb|The [[Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amailon Pukok Puya]], a holy text ([[PuYa]]) of [[Ancient Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]]), which tells about the philosophy of [[Meitei Mayek]] script<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />]]

The [[Meitei Mayek]] script is more than a writing system. The [[Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amailon Pukok Puya|Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Ama-IIon Pukok]] states:

{{Blockquote|"Khunung Eeyekki Khonthok
Asipusu khunthoklon
Haikatane Lepna
Khangpio"<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />}}

In English, it is translated as:
{{Blockquote|"The social sound of the writing alphabets is also to be known as the procreation of mankind."<ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" />}}

The letters and numbers of the Meitei script show cosmic creation, human body structure, and spiritual presence, having the deep connection between language, philosophy, and religion in [[Meitei culture]].<ref name=":Wakoklon Thilel Sallai Amailon Pukok" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_11" /><ref name=":Discovery_of_Kangleipak_12" /><ref name=":Meetei Mayek 18 Subagee Kanglon Amasung Wangulon" />

== Alphabets and body parts ==
[[File:Meetei alphabet origin.jpg|thumb|[[Logograms]] of [[Meitei script]]]]

{| class="wikitable"
!Image(s)
!Letter(s)
![[Logogram|Representation(s)]]
!Name(s)/Pronunciation(s)
![[Romanization]]
!Meaning(s){{efn|Some of the meanings rendered by some letters (characters) are different according to different sources. So, if found different, they're added together in the same section.}}<ref>{{Citation|chapter=Meetei Mayek or Meetei script chart|date=2009|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/court-chronicle-of-the-kings-of-manipur/meetei-mayek-or-meetei-script-chart/788010CFE8284F1940148DAFFAC6F262|title=The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur|pages=145–148|editor-last=Arambarn Parratt|editor-first=Saroj Nalini|publisher=Foundation Books|isbn=978-81-7596-854-7|access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Transliteration from Hindi Script to Meetei Mayek: ( A Rule Based Approach )|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/abffca19fde6f67de9236dc54bc90f9b4c960980|access-date=2025-06-26|website=www.semanticscholar.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Meetei Mayek: The Script|url=http://tabish.freeshell.org/eeyek/script/|access-date=2025-06-26|website=tabish.freeshell.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="Meitei Mayek Alphabets"|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Meitei-Mayek-Alphabets_fig1_328718529|website=researchgate}}</ref>
!Latin equivalent letters/sounds
!IPA<ref>{{cite web |title=Manipuri (Meeteilon / Meithei) |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/manipuri.htm |website=Omniglot}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "KOK" (K) - meaning as well as representing "head" or "brain".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "KOK" (ꯀ) represents as well as means "brain" or "head".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯣꯛ}}
|''kok''
|head or brain
|K
|/k/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "SAM" (S) - meaning as well as representing "hair".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯁ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "SAM" (ꯁ) represents as well as means "hair".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯁꯝ}}
|''sam''/''sham''
|hair
|S
|/s/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "LAI" (L) - meaning as well as representing "forehead".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯂ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "LAI" (ꯂ) represents as well as means "forehead".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯥꯏ}}
|''lai''
|forehead
|L
|/l/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "MIT" (M) - meaning as well as representing "eye".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "MIT" (ꯃ) represents as well as means "eye".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯤꯠ}}
|''mit''/''meet''
|eye
|M
|/m/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "PAA" (P) - meaning as well as representing "eyelash".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯄ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "PAA" (ꯄ) represents as well as means "eyelash".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯄꯥ}}
|''pā''/''paa''
|eyelash
|P
|/p/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "NAA" (N) - meaning as well as representing "ear".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯅ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "NA" (ꯅ) represents as well as means "ear".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯅꯥ}}
|''nā''/''naa''
|ear
|N
|/n/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "CHIL" (CH) - meaning as well as representing "lips".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯆ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "CHIL" (ꯆ) represents as well as means "lips".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯆꯤꯜ}}
|''chil''/''cheel''
|lips
|Ch
|/t͡ʃ/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "TIL" (T) - meaning as well as representing "saliva".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯇ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "TIL" (ꯇ) represents as well as means "saliva".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯤꯜ}}
|''til''/''teel''
|saliva
|T
|/t/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "KHOU" (KH) - meaning as well as representing "throat".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈ}}
|
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯧ}}
|''khou''
|throat, palate, neck
|Kh
|/kʰ/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "NGOU" (NG) - meaning as well as representing "pharynx".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯉ}}
|
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯉꯧ}}
|''ngou''
|pharynx, larynx
|Ng
|/ŋ/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "THOU" (TH) - meaning as well as representing "chest" or "breasts" or "rib cage".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯊ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "THOU" (ꯊ) represents as well as means "chest".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯊꯧ}}
|''thou''
|breast, chest, ribs
|Th
|/tʰ/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "WAI" (W) - meaning as well as representing "navel" or "heart".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯋ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "WAI" (ꯋ) represents as well as means "heart" or "navel".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯋꯥꯏ}}
|''wai''
|navel, heart
|W
|/w/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "YAANG" (Y) - meaning as well as representing "backbone" or "vertebral column" or "spine".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯌ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "YANG" (ꯌ) represents as well as means "backbone" or "vertebral column" or "spine".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯌꯥꯡ}}
|''yang''
|backbone, vertebral column, spine
|Y
|/j/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "HOOK" (H) - meaning as well as representing "joint" or "articulation".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯍ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "HOOK" (ꯍ) represents as well as means "joint" ("articulation").jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯍꯨꯛ}}
|''huk''/''hook''
|joint, articulation
|H
|/h/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "OON" (U) - meaning as well as representing "skin" or "hair follicle".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯎ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "OON" (ꯎ) represents as well as means "skin" or "hair follicle".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯎꯟ}}
|''un''/''oon''
|skin, hair follicle
|U
|/u(ː)/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "EE" (I) - meaning as well as representing "blood".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯏ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "EE" (ꯏ) represents as well as means "blood".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯏ}}
|''ee''/''i''
|blood
|I or E
|/i(ː)/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "PHAM" (PH) - meaning as well as representing "anus" or "buttocks" or "seat" or "uterus" or "womb".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯐ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "PHAM" (ꯐ) represents as well as means "anus" or "buttocks" or "seat" or "uterus" or "womb".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯐꯝ}}
|''pham''/''fam''
|"anus" or "buttocks" or "seat" or "uterus" or "womb"
|F or Ph
|/pʰ/
|-
|[[File:Ancient Meitei letter "ATING-NGAA" (A) - meaning as well as representing "Sky" or "Immortality" or "Heaven" or "Eternity" or "Divinity" or "Celestial Being" or "Birth".jpg|thumb|90px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯑ}}
|[[File:Ancient Meitei character "ATING-NGAA" or "ATINGAA" (ꯑ) represents as well as means "Birth" or "Celestial Being" or "Divinity" or "Eternity" or "Heaven" or "Immortality" or "Placenta" or "Sky".jpg|thumb|200px]]
|{{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯇꯤꯡꯉꯥ / ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥ}}
|''atinga''/''atiya''
|"sky" or "immortality" or "heaven" or "eternity" or "divinity" or "celestial being" or "birth"
|A
|/ɐ/
|}

== See also ==
* [[Chang Thokpa]]
* [[Meitei script movement]]
* [[Meitei language movement]]
* [[Meitei language day]]
* [[Meetei Erol Eyek Loinasillol Apunba Lup]]
* [[Manipur Official Language Act]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Classical Meitei odd numbers - related to the Chang Thokpa tradition of Sanamahism of Ancient Kangleipak civilisation 01.jpg
File:Classical Meitei odd numbers - related to the Chang Thokpa tradition of Sanamahism of Ancient Kangleipak civilisation 02.jpg
</gallery>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite web|title=Meitei Script and Scriptures|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Meitei_Script_and_Scriptures}}
* {{Cite web|title=Journey of Life with 18 Kanglei Alphabets|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.Journey_of_Life_with_18_Kanglei_Alphabets.html..}}
* {{Cite web|title=The Manipuri Letter Kok By James Oinam|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.The_Manipuri_Letter_Kok_By_James_Oinam.html..}}
* {{Cite web|title=On the Probable Origin of the Letter Atiya By James Oinam|url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.On_the_Probable_Origin_of_the_Letter_Atiya_By_James_Oinam.html..}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Notelist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Meitei script]]
[[Category:Philosophy of life]]
[[Category:Philosophy of religion]]
[[Category:Philosophy of science]]
[[Category:Sanamahism]]
[[Category:Meitei mythology]]
[[Category:Meitei folklore]]
[[Category:South Asian philosophy]]

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{{Draft article|nomove=yes}}




{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Kids Network|timestamp=20260929041555|year=2026|month=September|day=29|substed=yes}}



{{unreferenced|date=September 2026}}

[[File:Kids Network Logo.png|thumb|Logo of the Kids Network television channel.]]

'''Kids Network''' is an American media, production and [[brand licensing]] company, mostly known as an entertainment company. The company owns the largest independent library of children's television programming. The company was created by Stickman, LLC (Colin N. Walker), Located at 2621 Shockley Rd NW, [[Monroe, Georgia]] 30656.

==TV series==
*''[[Strawberry Shortcake (TV series)|Strawberry Shortcake]]''
*''[[The Care Bears Family]]''
*''[[Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series)|Inspector Gadget]]''
*''[[Super Mario World (TV series)|Super Mario World]]''
*''[[Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog]]''
*''[[Liberty's Kids]]''
*''[[Pocoyo]]''
*''[[Garfield and Friends]]''
*''[[Caillou]]''
*''[[Pokémon (TV series)|Pokémon]]''
*''[[Cleo & Cuquin]]''
*''[[Alvinnn!!! and the Chipmunks]]''
*''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''
*''[[Kid vs. Kat]]''
*''[[Dora the Explorer (TV series)|Dora the Explorer]]''
*''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]''
*''[[Mickey Mouse Clubhouse]]''
*''[[Phineas and Ferb]]''

{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Television production companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Branding companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Walton County, Georgia]]
}}

Archive:St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology

2026-09-29T08:27:31Z

Waza: 58 revisions imported: Import with full history

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology|timestamp=20260925023636|year=2026|month=September|day=25|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Refimprove|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox college


| motto =
| type = private
| name = St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology
| established = 2010
| location =
| principal = Prof.Dr.A.G Mathew
| affiliations = [[Kerala Technological University]]
| dean =
| image = St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology IMG 20260705 143845329.jpg
| image_alt = St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology
| city = [[Trivandrum]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| country = [[India]]
| postal_code = 695584
| coordinates = {{coord|8.59325|76.89135|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| campus =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| faculty =
| language = English
| website = {{URL|https://www.stisttvm.edu.in/}}
}}

'''St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology''' is an engineering educational institution located in Kattaikonam, [[Trivandrum]], [[Kerala]], [[India]] offering engineering education and research. This college was established by the [[Mar Thoma Church]] Educational Society (MTCES) in 2010. The college is affiliated to the [[University of Kerala]] and the [[Kerala Technological University]].

==Academics==
The following courses of are approved by the [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE) and sanctioned by the [[Government of Kerala]], leading to the [[B.Tech]]. Degree of the [[University of Kerala]] and [[Kerala Technological University]]. It has an annual intake of 240 students for [[B.Tech]] courses. The distribution of seats are as follows.

* Civil Engineering : 60 seats
* Computer Science & Engineering : 60 seats
* Electrical & Electronics Engineering : 30 seats
* Electronics & Communications Engineering : 30 seats
* Mechanical Engineering : 60 seats

St. Thomas offers [[M.Tech]] programmes in the Civil Engineering Department.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stisttvm.edu.in/ |title=Welcome To Stist |website=Stisttvm.edu.in |date=1966-05-11 |accessdate=2016-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/List_of_Approved_Institutes_2015-2016.pdf |title=List of AICTE approved institutions (A.Y. 2015-16) as on 30th April 2015 |website=Aicte-india.org |accessdate=2016-05-21}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology IMG 20260705 143358877.jpg|Lab complex
St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology IMG 20260705 143507742.jpg|Canteen
St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology IMG 20260705 143431224.jpg |College building
St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology IMG 20260705 143438253.jpg | Workshop
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Thomas Institute for Science and Technology}}
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Educational institutions in India established in 2010]]

Archive:Nootropics Depot

2026-09-29T08:17:36Z

Waza: 5 revisions imported: Import with full history

{{Short description|Nootropics vendor based in Arizona, USA}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Nootropics Depot|timestamp=20260919002443|year=2026|month=September|day=19|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{Infobox company
| name = Nootropics Depot
| logo = [[File:Nootropics Depot logo.png|frameless|250px|class=skin-invert-image]]
| logo_caption =
| logo_upright =
| logo_alt =
| type =
| industry = [[Dietary supplement]] [[manufacturer]] [[Online retailer]]
| predecessor = Ceretropic
| founded = {{Start date and age|2013}}<ref name="Ferrer2026" />
| founder = Paul Eftang
| defunct =
| fate =
| successor =
| hq_location_city = [[Tempe, Arizona|Tempe]], [[Arizona]]
| hq_location_country = [[United States]]
| area_served = United States
| key_people =
| products = [[Nootropic]]s; [[Dietary supplement|Supplement]]s
| owner = Paul Eftang ("MisterYouAreSoDumb")<ref name="USDOJ2024" />
| num_employees = approximately 90 people
| num_employees_year =
| parent = Centera Bioscience
| website = {{URL|https://nootropicsdepot.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Nootropics Depot''', also known as '''Centera Bioscience''', is a [[nootropics]] [[online vendor|vendor]] based in [[Arizona]], [[United States]].<ref name="USDOJ2023">{{cite web | author=U.S. Attorney's Office, District of New Hampshire | title=Arizona Company and CEO Plead Guilty to the Distribution of Drugs Not Approved by the FDA and Will Pay $2.4 Million | website=Department of Justice | date=30 October 2023 | url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-nh/pr/arizona-company-and-ceo-plead-guilty-distribution-drugs-not-approved-fda-and-will-pay-24 | access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref><ref name="USDOJ2024">{{cite web | author=U.S. Attorney's Office, District of New Hampshire | title=Arizona Company and CEO Sentenced for Illegal Distribution of Tianeptine and Other Drugs and Ordered to Forfeit $2.4 Million | website=Department of Justice | date=5 February 2024 | url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-nh/pr/arizona-company-and-ceo-sentenced-illegal-distribution-tianeptine-and-other-drugs-and | access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref><ref name="Ferrer2026">{{cite web | last=Ferrer | first=Benjamin | title=Nootropics Depot calls for legal clarity on botanical supplement classifications and stricter testing | website=Nutrition Insight | date=18 February 2026 | url=https://www.nutritioninsight.com/news/nootropics-depot-botanical-mushroom-supplements-regulation-testing.html | access-date=13 July 2026}}</ref> The [[Chief Executive Officer]] (CEO) of the company is Paul Eftang, who is also known by his online handle "MisterYouAreSoDumb".<ref name="USDOJ2023" /><ref name="USDOJ2024" /><ref name="Ferrer2026" />

Between April 2017 and September 2021, Nootropics Depot and Eftang sold non-[[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)-approved [[pharmaceutical drug]]s including [[tianeptine]], [[adrafinil]], [[phenibut]], and [[racetam]]s to consumers across state lines in the United States.<ref name="USDOJ2023" /><ref name="USDOJ2024" /><ref name="WHO2022">{{cite book | title=WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence: forty-fourth report | publisher=World Health Organization | series=Technical Report Series - World Health Organization | year=2022 | isbn=978-92-4-004283-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xTZlEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 | access-date=13 July 2026 | page=125 | quote=A Google Chrome Internet search in July 2021 with the search terms "phenibut" and "buy" identified 21 suppliers: Nootropics Depot, Zack attack, Liftmode, HR (Hard Rhino) Supplements, SportPoeders, Primaforce, Raw Powders, Nootropic Source, MOSPharma, Grabr, SG Asesores Industriales, Cosmicnootropic, Absorb Health, Newmind, ELV Bioscience, Intellimeds, SuperSmart, RUPharma'Science. bio, TheSmartShopOnline, Cosmic Nootropic and NutriVitaShop.}}</ref><ref name="MarraffaStorkHoffman2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marraffa JM, Stork CM, Hoffman RS, Su MK | title = Poison control center experience with tianeptine: an unregulated pharmaceutical product with potential for abuse | journal = Clin Toxicol (Phila) | volume = 56 | issue = 11 | pages = 1155–1158 | date = November 2018 | pmid = 29799284 | doi = 10.1080/15563650.2018.1476694 | url = }}</ref> As part of their operations, they engaged with consumers through a dedicated online [[Reddit]] forum.<ref name="USDOJ2023" /><ref name="USDOJ2024" /> The preceding activities led to an FDA and [[United States Postal Inspection Service]] (USPIS) investigation and eventual prosecution of the company and its CEO.<ref name="USDOJ2023" /><ref name="USDOJ2024" /> In October 2023, Nootropics Depot and Eftang pleaded guilty in a federal court and agreed to forfeit {{US$|2.4 million}} and seized drugs as part of a plea bargain.<ref name="USDOJ2023" /><ref name="USDOJ2024" /> In February 2024, they were sentenced, with Nootropics Depot receiving 3{{nbsp}}years of probation and Eftang receiving 1{{nbsp}}year of probation.<ref name="USDOJ2024" /><ref name="Ferrer2026" /> The company imported {{US$|7.4 million}} worth in raw materials from [[China]] for the drugs between April 2017 and September 2021 and made approximately {{US$|35 million}} in profits from selling the drugs during this time period.<ref name="USDOJ2024" /> Eftang has defended the company by stating that its nootropic products had existed in a "legal gray zone" somewhere between a "drug" and a "supplement".<ref name="Ferrer2026" />

In February 2026, Nootropics Depot and Eftang called for industry-wide legal clarification and reform.<ref name="Ferrer2026" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://nootropicsdepot.com/}}
* [https://dsld.od.nih.gov/brand-products/Nootropics+Depot Nootropics Depot - Dietary Supplement Label Database - National Institutes of Health: Office of Dietary Supplements]

[[Category:Drug distribution]]
[[Category:Nutritional supplement companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Online retailers]]

Full frame (cinematography)

2026-09-29T08:16:03Z

Waza: 70 revisions imported: Import with full history

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Full frame (cinematography)|timestamp=20260924112505|year=2026|month=September|day=24|substed=yes|help=off}}


In [[cinematography]], '''full frame''' refers to an image area (today most commonly on a [[Image sensor|digital sensor]]) that is the same size as that used by a [[135 film|35 mm]] [[still camera]].<ref>https://pro.sony/ue_US/technology/full-frame-sensor</ref> Still cameras run the film horizontally behind the [[lens]], whereas standard 35 mm [[Motion picture camera|motion-picture cameras]] run the film vertically. Thus, a 35 mm still camera's image is significantly larger than that of a standard 35 mm motion-picture camera.

[[file:135 film perforations.jpg|thumb|35 mm still frame]]

[[File:Super35 and Techniscope.png|right|thumb|300px|35 mm motion-picture frames]]

Specialty motion-picture formats have used film running horizontally, notably [[VistaVision]] (which produced a "full-frame" image) and [[IMAX]].

Historically, most [[Digital cinematography|digital cinema]] cameras have used [[Super 35]] sized (similar to [[APS-C]]) sensors,<ref>https://vmi.tv/blog/learn-help/guide-to-sensor-sizes-and-lens-formats/</ref> largely to maintain compatibility with existing lenses and to produce traditional "cinematic" [[depth of field]] and [[field of view]].

Full-frame cameras require lenses with larger [[optics]] and produce shallower depth of field than conventional 35 mm cinema cameras.<ref>https://fstoppers.com/education/understanding-how-sensor-size-affects-depth-field-312599</ref>

==Technical specifications==
{{See also|Academy ratio}}

{{br}}

==See also==
*[[Image sensor format]]
*[[35mm format|35 mm format]]
*[[Full-frame digital SLR]]
*[[Full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera]]
*[[Half-frame camera]]
*[[List of film formats]]
*[[Silent film]]
*[[Reframing (filmmaking)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Full Frame}}
[[Category:Film and video terminology]]

User:Idea/Later

2026-09-29T08:04:56Z

Waza: Add Geneva College of Longevity Science

User:Waza/Added

2026-09-29T08:04:26Z

Waza: Add wave 3 imports

= AfD pages added =

Running log of English Wikipedia Articles for Deletion candidates imported into the '''Archive:''' namespace for educational preservation (CC BY-SA). Living-person biographies are excluded.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Date (PT)
! Archive page
! Source
! Notes
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Rope pump]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope_pump en:Rope pump]
| Dry-run XML import; 121 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Radical-pair mechanism]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical-pair_mechanism en:Radical-pair mechanism]
| XML import; 19 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Discovery of Longitude at Sea Act 1774]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_Longitude_at_Sea_Act_1774 en:Discovery of Longitude at Sea Act 1774]
| XML import; 7 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Wound bed preparation]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound_bed_preparation en:Wound bed preparation]
| XML import; 115 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:History of banking in Malta]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_banking_in_Malta en:History of banking in Malta]
| XML import; 25 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Ottoman matchlock musket]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_matchlock_musket en:Ottoman matchlock musket]
| XML import; 40 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Transculturation]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transculturation en:Transculturation]
| XML import; 253 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Kaitiakitanga]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaitiakitanga en:Kaitiakitanga]
| XML import; 176 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Immigrant entrepreneurship]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigrant_entrepreneurship en:Immigrant entrepreneurship]
| XML import; 337 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:WDC 65C21]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDC_65C21 en:WDC 65C21]
| XML import; 29 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Death literacy]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_literacy en:Death literacy]
| XML import; 36 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Nothing OS]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing_OS en:Nothing OS]
| XML import; 77 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Instance dungeon]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instance_dungeon en:Instance dungeon]
| XML import; 253 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Software industry]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_industry en:Software industry]
| XML import; 539 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Meitei language in Assam]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei_language_in_Assam en:Meitei language in Assam]
| XML import; 58 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Heartburn in pregnancy]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartburn_in_pregnancy en:Heartburn in pregnancy]
| XML import; 52 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Far-right subcultures]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right_subcultures en:Far-right subcultures]
| XML import; 405 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Chaos machine]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_machine en:Chaos machine]
| XML import; 24 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Doorman fallacy]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doorman_fallacy en:Doorman fallacy]
| XML import; 23 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Helical extrusion]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helical_extrusion en:Helical extrusion]
| XML import; 13 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Kurukh phonology]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurukh_phonology en:Kurukh phonology]
| XML import; 35 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Foresight Linux]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresight_Linux en:Foresight Linux]
| XML import; 238 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Pop PHP Framework]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_PHP_Framework en:Pop PHP Framework]
| XML import; 115 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Adoption of the euro in Portugal]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoption_of_the_euro_in_Portugal en:Adoption of the euro in Portugal]
| XML import; 19 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Child Care Management System]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_Care_Management_System en:Child Care Management System]
| XML import; 36 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Personalised external aortic root support]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalised_external_aortic_root_support en:Personalised external aortic root support]
| XML import; 27 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews_in_the_United_States en:Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States]
| XML import; 77 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:BengalOS]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BengalOS en:BengalOS]
| XML import; 6 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Twimight]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twimight en:Twimight]
| XML import; 39 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Ronin Institute]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronin_Institute en:Ronin Institute]
| XML import; 72 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Political status of Ryukyu]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_status_of_Ryukyu en:Political status of Ryukyu]
| XML import; 6 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:The Quantum World: From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quantum_World%3A_From_Waves_to_the_Mystery_of_Entanglement en:The Quantum World: From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement]
| XML import; 7 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Video-Enhanced Grave Marker]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video-Enhanced_Grave_Marker en:Video-Enhanced Grave Marker]
| XML import; 85 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Space Capital]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Capital en:Space Capital]
| XML import; 125 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Franchising Company]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchising_Company en:Franchising Company]
| XML import; 13 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:CURE Auto Insurance]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURE_Auto_Insurance en:CURE Auto Insurance]
| XML import; 10 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Aster (cryptocurrency exchange)]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aster_(cryptocurrency_exchange) en:Aster (cryptocurrency exchange)]
| XML import; 50 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Tango (software company)]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango_(software_company) en:Tango (software company)]
| XML import; 5 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:House of Dust (architecture)]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Dust_(architecture) en:House of Dust (architecture)]
| XML import; 86 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Geneva College of Longevity Science]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_College_of_Longevity_Science en:Geneva College of Longevity Science]
| XML import; 13 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|}

== Rules ==
* Default namespace: Archive:
* Prefer Special:Import (XML) for full revision history
* Skip living people / real-person bios
* Skip titles already present on IdeaWaza Main (see operator list)

Archive:Geneva College of Longevity Science

2026-09-29T08:02:48Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice

{{Short description|Higher-education institution in Geneva, Switzerland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2026}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2026}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Geneva College of Longevity Science
| native_name = GCLS
| type = Higher-education institution
| established = 2024
| academic_affiliations = [[Ovidius University of Constanța]]
| president = Dominik Thor
| city = [[Geneva]]
| country = Switzerland
| website =
}}

'''The Geneva College of Longevity Science (GCLS)''' is a higher-education institution based in Geneva, Switzerland, focused on postgraduate education, professional training and academic work in longevity science and longevity medicine.<ref name=ME1>{{Cite press release |title=Middle East's 1st Longevity Symposium in Dubai 2025 {{!}} DSP |url=https://tecomgroup.ae/press-release/middle-easts-first-longevity-science-semester-symposium-held-in-dubai |access-date=2026-09-20 |website=[[TECOM Group]] |language=en}}</ref> Established in 2024, the institution provides programmes concerning ageing biology, preventive medicine, healthy ageing and the translation of geroscience into clinical and professional practice.<ref name=TBLSj>{{Cite journal |last=Thor |first=Dominik |author-link=Dominik Thor |last2=Barzilai |first2=David |last3=Lyu |first3=Yu-Xuan |last4=Spiru |first4=Luiza |date=2025-12-14 |title=From sick care to healthspan: educating the longevity physician for health maintenance and health promotion |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41391057 |journal=Biogerontology |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=22 |doi=10.1007/s10522-025-10371-3 |issn=1573-6768 |pmc=12702796 |pmid=41391057}}</ref>

GCLS offers postgraduate and continuing-education programmes in longevity science and related fields.<ref name=TBLSj/> Its activities also include research and framework development concerning physician education and clinical standards in longevity medicine, as well as academic partnerships and scientific meetings.<ref name=PGABEGSHPT/>

== History ==
GCLS was established in Geneva in 2024 with a focus on formal education in longevity science, an interdisciplinary field drawing on ageing biology, preventive medicine, public health and related disciplines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GCLS |url=https://www.gcls.study/gcls |access-date=2026-09-20 |website=Geneva College of Longevity Science |language=en}}</ref> Dominik Thor has served as president of the institution. Luiza Spiru, a physician and professor whose work includes gerontology, geriatrics and longevity medicine, has been involved in its academic programmes.<ref name=TBLSj/> The institution subsequently expanded its postgraduate and professional education and developed international scientific activities.<ref name=ME1/> In February 2025, GCLS partnered with Dubai Science Park to hold a Longevity Science Semester Symposium in Dubai. Dubai Science Park reported that the two-day meeting brought together participants from healthcare, life sciences, academic and public-sector organizations.<ref>{{Cite press release |date=2026-01-29 |title=GCLS Semester Symposium to unite science and research leaders in Dubai to shape future of healthy longevity |url=https://dsp.ae/media/press-release/gcls-semester-symposium-to-unite-science-and-research-leaders-in-dubai-to-shape-future-of-healthy-longevity |access-date=2026-09-20 |website=[[Dubai Science Park]] |language=en}}</ref>

In 2026, GCLS announced an academic partnership with Ovidius University of Constanța for a research doctorate in medicine with a specialization in longevity sciences. Ovidius University is identified as the degree-awarding institution, while GCLS serves as the international academic partner.<ref>{{Cite press release |date=2026-04-24 |title=Geneva College of Longevity Science Launches the World's First PhD in Longevity Sciences |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/04/24/3280566/0/en/geneva-college-of-longevity-science-launches-the-world-s-first-phd-in-longevity-sciences.html |access-date=2026-09-20 |website=[[GlobeNewswire]] |language=en-us}}</ref>

GCLS provides postgraduate and professional education in longevity science and longevity medicine. Its portfolio includes a master's-level programme in longevity science, continuing medical education and professional training for physicians, and postgraduate study in peptide therapeutics.<ref>{{cite press release |date=2026-07-24 |title=NADclinic and GCLS Announce Strategic Collaboration in Longevity and Performance Medicine Education |website=[[Business Wire]] |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260723425238/en/NADclinic-and-GCLS-Announce-Strategic-Collaboration-in-Longevity-and-Performance-Medicine-Education}}</ref> The curricula address subjects such as the biology of ageing, biomarkers, preventive medicine, healthspan, clinical assessment and the translation of ageing research into healthcare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garlick |first=Hattie |date=2026-03-13 |title=3 simple things a longevity doctor wants you to do daily (starting now) |url=https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/uk/health/a70733163/3-simple-things-a-longevity-doctor-wants-you-to-do-daily/ |access-date=2026-09-20 |website=[[Good Housekeeping]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>

The doctoral partnership with Ovidius University of Constanța began with a 2026 intake. The programme is described as a research doctorate in medicine with a specialization in longevity sciences and is not a physician qualification. Ovidius University is the degree-awarding institution.<ref>{{Cite press release |date=2025-12-08 |title=Geneva College of Longevity Science and DrVibe.ai Launch the GCLS AI Academy for Longevity Sciences |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2025/12/08/tmt-newswire/globenewswire/geneva-college-of-longevity-science-and-drvibeai-launch-the-gcls-ai-academy-for-longevity-sciences/2238733/amp |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251208092429/https://www.manilatimes.net/2025/12/08/tmt-newswire/globenewswire/geneva-college-of-longevity-science-and-drvibeai-launch-the-gcls-ai-academy-for-longevity-sciences/2238733/amp |archive-date=2025-12-08 |access-date=2026-09-20 |work=[[GlobeNewswire]] |via=[[The Manila Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Dominik Thor serves as president of GCLS and professor of pharmacy. Luiza Spiru has held academic responsibilities within the institution,<ref>{{Cite web |title=PhD Programme |url=https://www.gcls.study/phd-programme |access-date=2026-09-20 |website=Geneva College of Longevity Science |language=en}}</ref> including involvement in longevity-medicine education and the Ovidius University doctoral collaboration.<ref name=TBLSj/>

== Research and Clinical Frameworks ==
GCLS faculty and researchers have contributed to publications addressing the development of longevity medicine as a structured field of clinical practice and medical education.<ref name=TBLSj/> A 2025 Biogerontology perspective, authored by Dominik Thor, David Barzilai, Yu-Xuan Lyu and Luiza Spiru, proposed a framework for incorporating longevity-related competencies into continuing medical education and medical curricula. The authors listed GCLS affiliations.<ref name=TBLSj/>

Researchers affiliated with GCLS also contributed to the peer-reviewed review article "Toward responsible longevity medicine: Swiss framework for healthy longevity medicine clinics."<ref name=PGABEGSHPT/> Published in Longevity, the paper proposed a voluntary framework addressing clinical governance, evidence appraisal, patient safety, data governance and the responsible translation of longevity interventions into clinical practice.<ref name=PGABEGSHPT>{{Cite journal |last=Pagani |first=Andrea |last2=Addor |first2=Guénolé |last3=Axmann |first3=Guido |last4=Bode |first4=Leonie |last5=Erat |first5=Anna |last6=Gartenbach |first6=Andrea |last7=Sarasin-Gianduzzo |first7=Antoinette |last8=Hannah-Shmouni |first8=Fady |last9=Prantl |first9=Lukas |last10=Thor |first10=Dominik |author-link10=Dominik Thor |display-authors=3 |date=2025-12-31 |title=Toward responsible longevity medicine: Swiss framework for healthy longevity medicine clinics |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/30653495.2025.2583907 |journal=Longevity |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/30653495.2025.2583907 |issn=3065-3495|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT: Science Program, Geneva College of Longevity}}
[[Category:2024 establishments in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2024]]
[[Category:Education in Geneva]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Longevity]]
[[Category:Gerontology]]

Archive:House of Dust (architecture)

2026-09-29T08:01:46Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice

{{About|the 2013 interior architecture project|the 2014 film|House of Dust (film)}}
{{Infobox building
| image = House of Dust (Rome) – entrance alcove.jpg
| image_alt = Entrance alcove of House of Dust
| name = House of Dust
| alternate_names = Casa della polvere
| caption = Entrance alcove of ''House of Dust''
| building_type = Private house
| location = Rome, Italy
| coordinates = {{coord|41|54|34.02|N|12|29|35.96|E|format=dms|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| completion_date = March 2013
| architect = [[Antonino Cardillo]]
| architectural_style = [[Italian modern and contemporary architecture]]
}}

'''''House of Dust''''' is an architectural work built in 2013 in Rome, designed by the Italian architect [[Antonino Cardillo]]. The project is characterised by a combination of different elements: a [[horizontal division]] based on the [[golden ratio]], [[Roughcast|coarse plaster]] walls and brown ceilings, [[Arch|arched doorways]], walls and ceilings in a pale shade of [[pink]], and a cylindrical ghostly white curtain.<ref name="Dezeen">{{cite web |last=Frearson |first=Amy |title=House of Dust by Antonino Cardillo |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2013/08/05/house-of-dust-by-antonino-cardillo/ |website=Dezeen |date=5 August 2013 |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref>

==Background==
The work was designed and built between September 2012 and March 2013 in a 100 m² apartment in the [[Ludovisi (rione of Rome)|Rione Ludovisi]] of Rome.<ref name="Dezeen" />

==Architecture==
The architect described this house as a conceptual celebration of [[dust]]. Its design draws inspiration from primordial [[caverns]], Renaissance [[grottos]], the [[nymphaeum]] of Rome’s [[Villa Doria Pamphili]] and the faint Liberty facades along [[Via Veneto]]. Furthermore, it explores the idea of buildings as instruments for [[light]] creation, emphasising the importance of opaque materials in architecture to capture and manipulate light.<ref name="AJ">{{cite magazine |last=Cardillo |first=Antonino |author2=Mara, Felix |title=House of Dust, Rome by Antonino Cardillo Architect |magazine=Architects' Journal Specification |publisher=EMAP |date=October 2013 |pages=4, 50–55 |url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/specification/house-of-dust-rome-by-antonino-cardillo-architect |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref>

==Reception==
The work was featured in international lifestyle and architecture magazines.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Noseda |first=Paolo Maria |title=Una casa, una visione |magazine=Casamica |publisher=Corriere della Sera |date=June 2013 |pages=74–83 |language=it |url=https://living.corriere.it/case/eclettiche/interni-casa-design-roma-401479685877/ |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref><ref name="Dezeen" /><ref>{{cite journal |last=Araujo |first=Ana |title=Feeling through sight: zooming in, zooming out |journal=The Journal of Architecture |volume=19 |issue=1 |publisher=RIBA |date=January 2014 |pages=14–15 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2013.851905 |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Schroder |first=Christine |title=Wohnung "House of Dust" in Rom |magazine=AIT Magazin |issue=3/14 |publisher=Leinfelden-Echterdingen |date=March 2014 |pages=120–125 |language=de |url=https://www.coam.org/media/Default%20Files/fundacion/biblioteca/revistasExtranjeras/ait_2014.pdf |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref>
It was also presented at the [[Architectural Association]] School of Architecture.<ref name="Savtchenko2013">{{cite web|last=Savtchenko-Belskaia|first=Alexandra|title=Antonino Cardillo: House of Dust|url=https://www.aaschool.ac.uk/publicprogramme/whatson/house-of-dust|website=Architectural Association School of Architecture|date=20 November 2013|access-date=28 January 2026}}</ref>
Nacho Alegre included it in a list of ten significant contemporary interior works from 2010 to 2015.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alegre|first=Nacho|title=ROOM: Inside Contemporary Interiors|chapter=House of Dust|editor=Phaidon|date=October 2014|pages=64–67, 419|publisher=Phaidon|location=London|url=https://archive.org/details/roominsidecontem0000unse/page/n9/mode/2up|access-date=12 March 2026|isbn=978-0714867441}}</ref>
It was cited in Dezeen's selections of pink‑hued interiors and exposed‑plaster residential spaces.<ref>{{cite web|last=Carter|first=Trudie|title=10 of the most popular pink-hued interiors on Dezeen's Pinterest boards|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2016/10/07/pink-interior-design-dezeen-pinterest-boards/|website=Dezeen|date=7 October 2016|access-date=3 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Englefield|first=Jane|title=Ten residential interiors showcasing exposed plaster walls|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2022/04/10/ten-textured-interiors-exposed-plaster-walls-lookbooks/|website=Dezeen|date=10 April 2022|access-date=3 February 2026}}</ref>
International trend‑forecasting agencies included it in reports for several seasons from 2015 to 2019.<ref>{{cite book|title=Homebuildlife Macro Trends Autumn/Winter 2015/16|chapter=Data Divination|publisher=WGSN|location=London|date=November 2013|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|last1=Robinson|first1=Hannah|last2=Szymanska|first2=Aleksandra|title=Anti-Materials|publisher=LS:N Global|chapter=Ephemeral Spaces|date=28 August 2014|pages=3–4|url=https://www.lsnglobal.com/design-directions/article/16331/anti-materials|access-date=9 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gérin|first1=Louis|last2=Lamaud|first2=Grégory|chapter=Mash Up|title=Texworld Trend Spring Summer 2015|publisher=Messe Frankfurt|location=Paris|date=2014|pages=31, 61}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cover All 2018–2019|volume=2|chapter=Floating & Ambiguity|publisher=Noroo Pantone Colour Institute|location=Seoul|date=November 2017|pages=48–49, 59}}</ref>
It was exhibited at the XXI [[Triennale di Milano]] (2016), where fifty architectural designs for Italian interiors were presented, ranging from the 1920s to the present day.<ref>{{cite book|last=Finessi|first=Beppe|title=Rooms. Novel Living Concepts|series=XXI Triennale di Milano|publisher=Marsilio|location=Milan|date=September 2016|pages=169, 283|access-date=28 January 2026|url=http://www.triennale.org/en/mostra/stanze-altre-filosofie-dellabitare/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219023356/http://www.triennale.org/en/mostra/stanze-altre-filosofie-dellabitare/|archive-date=2017-02-19|url-status=dead}}</ref>
It was also featured in the 2021 and 2023 editions of the architecture festival Open House Roma.<ref>{{cite news|title=Open House Roma, dentro l'architettura| work=Corriere della Sera|location=Milan|edition=Rome|publisher=RCS MediaGroup|date=2 October 2021|page=11|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Cardillo|first=Antonino|chapter=House of Dust|title=Open House Roma – Area 3|editor=Gaia Maria Lombardo|publisher=Open House Roma|location=Rome|date=September 2021|page=16|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Manzitti|first=Federica|title=Porte aperte all'architettura|work=Corriere della Sera|location=Milan|edition=Rome|publisher=RCS MediaGroup|date=19 May 2023|page=17|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Cardillo|first=Antonino|title=House of Dust|website=Open House Roma|editor=Gaia Maria Lombardo|date=24 April 2023|url=https://www.openhouseroma.org/node/26139|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512124942/https://www.openhouseroma.org/node/26139|access-date=10 June 2026|archive-date=2023-05-12|url-status=dead|language=it}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Specus Corallii]]

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.antoninocardillo.com/en/works/house-of-dust/|name=House of Dust on the architect's official website}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Houses in Rome]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Rome]]
[[Category:Ludovisi (rione of Rome)]]
[[Category:Residential buildings completed in 2013]]
[[Category:Works by Antonino Cardillo]]

Archive:Tango (software company)

2026-09-29T08:01:02Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice

{{Short description|American software company}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2026}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Tango Technology, Inc.
| trade_name = Tango
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| industry = [[Software industry|Software]]
| founded = [[2020]]
| founder = {{Unbulleted list
| Ken Babcock
| Dan Giovacchini
| Brian Shultz
}}
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list
| Ken Babcock ([[CEO]])
| Dan Giovacchini (COO)
}}
| products = Tango
| num_employees = 40
| website = {{URL|tango.ai}}
}}

'''Tango Technology, Inc.''', commonly known as '''Tango''', is an American [[software industry|software company]] that develops a [[digital adoption platform]] for documenting, guiding and automating browser-based workplace processes.<ref name="Wheatley2021">{{cite web
| title = Tango gets $5.7M seed funding to automate creation of process documentation
| url = https://siliconangle.com/2021/08/24/tango-gets-5-7m-seed-funding-automate-creation-process-documentation/
| website = SiliconANGLE
| author = Mike Wheatley
| date = August 24, 2021
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref><ref name="Jayaraman2026">{{cite web
| title = 5 Best Digital Adoption Platforms I'd Pick in 2026
| url = https://learn.g2.com/best-digital-adoption-platform
| website = G2
| author = Soundarya Jayaraman
| date = April 29, 2026
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref> Its software records actions performed in [[web application]]s and converts them into editable step-by-step guides containing [[screenshot]]s and descriptions.<ref name="Cook2021">{{cite web
| title = Tango Raises $5.7M to Solve Companies' Productivity Problems
| url = https://dot.la/tango-workplace-productivity-2654780443.html
| website = dot.LA
| author = Caitlin Cook
| date = August 24, 2021
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref>

The company was founded in 2020 by Ken Babcock, Dan Giovacchini and Brian Shultz.<ref name="Hall2021">{{cite web
| title = Tango dances in with $5.7M, making employee onboarding easier
| url = https://techcrunch.com/2021/08/24/tango-dances-in-with-5-7m-to-making-employee-onboarding-easier/
| website = TechCrunch
| author = Christine Hall
| date = August 24, 2021
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref> Tango publicly launched its [[browser extension]] in September 2021.<ref name="Poyar2023">{{cite web
| title = From 0 to 200k users in 14 months
| url = https://www.growthunhinged.com/p/from-0-to-200k-users-in-14-months
| website = Growth Unhinged
| author = Kyle Poyar
| date = January 4, 2023
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref> In April 2025, the company launched an [[artificial intelligence]] service for automating parts of browser-based [[workflow]]s.<ref name="Dotson2025">{{cite web
| title = Tango releases AI-powered automation for browser-based workflows
| url = https://siliconangle.com/2025/04/16/tango-releases-ai-powered-automation-browser-based-workflows/
| website = SiliconANGLE
| author = Kyt Dotson
| date = April 16, 2025
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref>

== History ==
Tango was founded in 2020 by Ken Babcock, Dan Giovacchini and Brian Shultz, who left [[Harvard Business School]] to develop the company. Its initial product was a browser extension that recorded users' workflows and generated step-by-step documentation with screenshots.<ref name="Hall2021" /><ref name="Cook2021" />

Before its public launch in 2021, Tango tested the extension with pilot customers.<ref name="Hall2021" /><ref name="Poyar2023" /> At the time, the product focused on employee training, particularly for customer-support and sales teams, rather than workflow automation.<ref name="Wheatley2021" /> In August 2021, after initially being financed by its founders, Tango announced a $5.7 million [[seed money|seed funding round]] led by [[Wing Venture Capital]].<ref name="Hall2021" />

Tango publicly launched its browser extension in September 2021.<ref name="Poyar2023" /> By June 2022, the software was available as both a [[Google Chrome|Chrome]] extension and a [[application software|desktop application]]. That month, the company introduced Workspaces, a shared library in which teams could organize, edit and share recorded workflows and folders. Tango also announced a $14 million [[Series A round|Series A funding round]] led by [[Tiger Global Management]].<ref name="Brownridge2022">{{cite web
| title = Tango Pulls in $14M Series A to Build Out Its Workflow Intelligence Solution
| url = https://www.builtinla.com/articles/tango-raises-14m-series-a-hiring
| website = Built In Los Angeles
| author = Ashley Brownridge
| date = June 15, 2022
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref>

In April 2025, Tango launched an artificial intelligence service that expanded the platform beyond workflow documentation to include automation of browser-based tasks.<ref name="Dotson2025" />

== Software ==
Tango uses a Chrome extension to record the steps performed by a user in a web-based application. It captures individual actions and screenshots, adds action labels and generates a step-by-step guide.<ref name="Jayaraman2026" /> Generated guides can be edited, shared through a link, exported as a [[PDF]] or embedded in [[web page|webpages]] and [[wiki]]s.<ref name="Cook2021" /><ref name="Jayaraman2026" />

Tango's "Guide Me" mode presents a generated guide as an interactive overlay within a web application while the user performs the documented task.<ref name="Jayaraman2026" /> Its automation service can perform selected steps in browser-based workflows. The service accepts workflow rules written in [[natural language]] and allows individual steps to be designated for either automated or manual completion.<ref name="Dotson2025" />

== Reception ==
In 2022, Tango was named a [[Webby Awards]] honoree in the Apps and Software: Productivity, Financial Services & Banking category.<ref name="Webby2022">{{cite web
| title = Tango - create documentation in seconds
| url = https://winners.webbyawards.com/2022/apps-software/general-apps/productivity-financial-services-banking/218200/tango-create-documentation-in-seconds
| website = The Webby Awards
| date = 2022
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026
}}</ref> [[Google]] also included the Tango extension in its list of favorite Chrome extensions of 2022.<ref name="Google2022">{{cite web
| title = Our favorite Chrome extensions of 2022
| url = https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/chrome/our-favorite-chrome-extensions-of-2022/
| website = Google
| author = Hafsah Ismail
| date = December 14, 2022
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.tango.ai/}}

[[Category:American companies established in 2020]]
[[Category:Business software companies]]
[[Category:Google Chrome extensions]]
[[Category:Software companies established in 2020]]
[[Category:Workflow applications]]

Archive:Aster (cryptocurrency exchange)

2026-09-29T08:00:17Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice

{{Short description|Decentralized cryptocurrency derivatives exchange}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Aster
| image = Aster cryptocurrency exchange logo.svg
| former_name = Astherus
| type = Private
| industry = Financial technology
| founded = 2025
| hq_location = Hong Kong
| products = Decentralized exchange, perpetual futures, cryptocurrency trading
| website = {{URL|https://www.asterdex.com}}
}}

'''Aster''' is a [[Decentralized finance|decentralized]] cryptocurrency exchange and derivatives platform focused on perpetual futures trading.<ref name="PitchBook">{{cite web |title=Aster DEX Overview |url=https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/1080729-01 |website=PitchBook |access-date=9 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="21Shares">{{cite web |last=AbdelMawla |first=Karim |title=The perpetual DEX wars: Hyperliquid, Aster, and Lighter in focus |url=https://www.21shares.com/en-row/insights/the-perpetual-dex-wars-hyperliquid-aster-and-lighter-in-focus |website=21Shares |date=6 October 2025 |access-date=9 May 2026}}</ref> The platform supports [[perpetual futures]] trading and other digital asset trading services.<ref name="PitchBook" />

== History ==
In March 2025, Astherus relaunched under the Aster brand following its merger with APX Finance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lin |first=Mark |title=生息抵押品革命：Aster 如何用資本效率與 1001 倍槓桿挑戰 Hyperliquid？ |url=https://www.markreadfintech.com/p/aster-1001-hyperliquid |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.markreadfintech.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grenade |date=2026-01-07 |title=Aster 幣空投完整教學 2026｜Perp DEX 玩法、Token 發行與獎勵領取 |url=https://grenade.tw/blog/aster-perp-dex-airdrop/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref name="PitchBook" /> In September 2025, [[Binance]] founder [[Changpeng Zhao]] stated that several former Binance employees were involved in Aster.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 September 2025 |title=趙長鵬澄清與 Aster 僅有「有限關聯」，稱其「競爭但助力 BNB」 |url=https://blockcast.it/2025/09/28/cz-confirms-aster-team-includes-former-binance-employees/ |access-date=9 May 2026 |website=區塊客 Blockcast |language=zh-Hant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTWZI8u9f2s |title=Binance Founder CZ on Memecoins, Aster, BNB vs SOL and More {{!}} TG Podcast |date=2025-10-10 |last=threadguy |access-date=2026-05-09 |via=YouTube}}</ref> The same month, Aster launched its native ASTER token through a token generation event (TGE).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-16 |title=去中心化永續合約交易所Aster明(17)日TGE，同步開放$ASTER空投 |url=https://www.blocktempo.com/aster-airdrop-set-to-launch/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=動區動趨-最具影響力的區塊鏈新聞媒體 |language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=《比特幣衝破11萬美元後，誰是下一個 Hyperliquid？》 |url=https://www.rbc.ru/crypto/news/68d10f009a794777ac3bd446 |access-date=9 May 2026 |website=РБК Крипто |publisher=RBC |language=ru}}</ref> In November 2025, Zhao disclosed that he had personally purchased more than two million ASTER tokens using his own funds.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 November 2025 |title=趙長鵬自曝「買進 209 萬枚」！$ASTER 飆逾 20% 引爆市場熱情 |url=https://blockcast.it/2025/11/03/aster-zooms-20-as-cz-purchases-2m-tokens/ |access-date=9 May 2026 |website=區塊客 Blockcast |language=zh-Hant}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=4 November 2025 |title=CZ’s Aster Trade Backfires: Binance Founder Quips He Might Be Crypto’s Unlucky Charm |url=https://www.ccn.com/news/crypto/cz-cryptos-unlucky-charm-aster-retraces-all-gains/ |access-date=9 May 2026 |website=CCN}}</ref>

== Platform ==
The platform operates across multiple blockchain networks and offers both a simplified high-leverage trading mode and a professional trading interface based on a central-limit-order-book system.<ref name="21Shares" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3IAeQiHtjM |title=Aster Founder Leonard on Balancing Transparency and Privacy in Next Gen Perp DEXs |date=2025-10-23 |last=The Block |access-date=2026-05-09 |via=YouTube}}</ref> In February 2026, the platform was ranked among the largest decentralized exchanges by trading volume.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-25 |title=主流永续合约去中心化交易所一覽：Aster 交易量回落明顯，Hyperliquid 交易量波動較小 {{!}} 鉅亨網 - 快訊 |url=https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/6353107 |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=news.cnyes.com |language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=安菲 |date=2025-12-30 |title=研究：鏈上永續期貨突破月度 1 兆美元大關，迎來 DeFi 可組合性爆發 |url=https://blockcast.it/2025/12/30/onchain-perpetual-futures-smash-1-trillion-monthly-mark-poised-for-defi-composability-boom/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114173842/https://blockcast.it/2025/12/30/onchain-perpetual-futures-smash-1-trillion-monthly-mark-poised-for-defi-composability-boom/ |archive-date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-05-09 |work=區塊客 |language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=解讀Aster協議：一個新興的去中心化永續合約平台 |url=https://www.osl.com/hk/bits/article/understanding-the-aster-protocol-an-emerging-decentralized-perpetual-contracts-platform |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.osl.com}}</ref> The decentralized exchange later expanded its offerings to include perpetual futures contracts linked to U.S. equities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-05 |title=Aster 是什麼？CZ 力挺、下一個超越 Hyperliquid 潛力新星 |url=https://murmurcats.com/aster/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=呢喃貓商學院Murmurcats |language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-29 |title=Aster 幣價暴漲後CEO Leonard首次專訪：回購策略將更靈活，最大競爭對手是幣安 |url=https://www.blocktempo.com/aster-token-surge-first-interview-flexible-buyback-major-competitor-binance/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=動區動趨-最具影響力的區塊鏈新聞媒體 |language=zh-TW}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cryptocurrencies}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aster}}
[[Category:Cryptocurrency exchanges]]
[[Category:Decentralized finance]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 2024]]
[[Category:Companies of Hong Kong]]

Archive:CURE Auto Insurance

2026-09-29T07:59:30Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice

{{Short description|American insurance company}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox company
| name = CURE Auto Insurance
| logo =
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| industry = [[Insurance]]
| founded = 1990
| founder = {{ubl|James J. Sheeran|Lena Chang}}
| hq_location = [[Princeton, New Jersey]], [[United States]]
| area_served = [[Michigan]], [[New Jersey]], [[Pennsylvania]]
| key_people = Eric Poe ([[CEO]])
| services = [[Automobile insurance]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.cure.com|cure.com}}
}}

'''CURE (Citizens United Reciprocal Exchange) Auto Insurance''' is an American automobile insurance company headquartered in [[Princeton, New Jersey]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeGrassa |first=Peg |date=2021-02-28 |title=From Delco to Super Bowl, local creative team commands attention |url=https://www.delcotimes.com/2021/02/28/from-delco-to-super-bowl-local-creative-team-commands-attention/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=Delco Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CURE Auto Insurance, Princeton, New Jersey |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/cure-auto-insurance/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=FORBES}}</ref>

== History ==
CURE Auto Insurance was founded in 1990 by former New Jersey [[insurance commissioner]] James J. Sheeran and insurance expert Lena Chang.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sullivan |first=Joseph F. |date=1989-11-19 |title=Plan Announced to Cut Auto Insurance Rates |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/19/nyregion/plan-announced-to-cut-auto-insurance-rates.html |access-date=2026-02-07 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Keenan |first=Tim |date=2021-07-02 |title=CURE Auto Insurance Launches in Michigan |url=https://www.dbusiness.com/daily-news/cure-auto-insurance-launches-in-michigan/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=DBusiness Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> The company is a [[Not-for-profit organization|not-for-profit]] [[Reciprocal inter-insurance exchange|reciprocal exchange]] that relies primarily on driving records for underwriting, rather than factors such as [[credit score]]s, education, or occupation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reindl |first=J. C. |title=New Michigan auto insurer doesn't use credit scores, charges lower rates |url=https://www.freep.com/story/money/business/2021/07/09/michigan-cure-auto-insurance-credit-scores/7880516002/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=Detroit Free Press |language=en-US}}</ref>

For its first 19 years, the company operated exclusively in New Jersey, before expanding its operations to [[Pennsylvania]] in December 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mastrull |first=Diane |date=2008-12-03 |title=New car insurer in Pa. denounces 'unfair' practices |url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/business/20081203_New_car_insurer_in_Pa__denounces__unfair__practices.html |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=The Philadelphia Inquirer |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2008-12-03|title=New Car Insurer in Pa. Denounces 'Unfair' Practices|url=https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/local/new-car-insurer-in-pa-denounces-unfair-practices/1847234/|access-date=2026-02-07|website=NBC10 Philadelphia|language=en-US}}</ref> The company entered the [[Michigan]] market in July 2021 following changes to Michigan's [[no-fault insurance]] laws and opened its first Michigan office in [[Detroit]] in August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Or |first=Mary |date=2022-07-05 |title=CURE celebrates one year in Michigan and success of no-fault reforms |url=https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/us/news/breaking-news/cure-celebrates-one-year-in-michigan-and-success-of-nofault-reforms-412012.aspx |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=www.insurancebusinessmag.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Duffy |first=Mike |last2=Saunders |first2=Kent |date=2023-08-30 |title=Many say opening of CURE Auto Insurance's new Detroit office gives insurance equity to policyholders |url=https://www.wxyz.com/news/community-connection/many-say-opening-of-cure-auto-insurances-new-detroit-office-gives-insurance-equity-to-policyholders |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=WXYZ (Detroit) |language=en}}</ref>

== Advertising campaigns ==
CURE Auto Insurance has produced several [[Super Bowl]] advertisements. In 2015, the company aired a Super Bowl advertisement titled ''“Deflated Balls”'' which referenced the [[Deflategate]] controversy.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-02-15 |title=Video Super Bowl Ad: Cure Auto Insurance |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/video/super-bowl-ad-cure-auto-insurance-28650961 |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huetter |first=John |date=2015-02-02 |title=Auto insurers raise controversy with Super Bowl ads |url=https://www.repairerdrivennews.com/2015/02/02/auto-insurers-raise-controversy-with-super-bowl-ads/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=Repairer Driven News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Blidner |first=Rachelle |date=2015-01-30 |title=NBC pulls auto insurance Super Bowl ads over 'blue balls' joke: insurer CEO |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2015/01/30/nbc-pulls-auto-insurance-super-bowl-ads-over-blue-balls-joke-insurer-ceo/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=New York Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2016, CURE aired commercials that used suggestive humor, including scenes set in a restroom and at a pool.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016-01-07 |title=US Auto Insurer Creates Awkward Urinal Scene And Poolside Winking For Super Bowl Spot |url=https://www.bandt.com.au/us-auto-insurer-creates-awkward-urinal-scene-and-poolside-winking-for-super-bowl-spot/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=B&T |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2018, the company produced regional Super Bowl advertisements that referenced rival teams and players.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pizzutillo |first=Rich |date=2018-02-05 |title=For Cure Auto, Super Bowl ads create buzz, business |url=https://www.roi-nj.com/2018/02/05/lifestyle/cure-auto-insurance-right-super-bowl-mecca-advertising/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=ROI-NJ |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McCrone |first=Brian X. |date=2018-02-02 |title=Philly Businesses Grab the Spotlight During Super Bowl LII |url=https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/sports/nfl/philadelphia-eagles/4-locally-produced-commercials-that-ran-during-super-bowl-lii/181186/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=NBC10 Philadelphia |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2019, a Super Bowl advertisement referenced [[Philadelphia Eagles]] quarterback [[Nick Foles]] through the slogan ''“Big D*'' Nick.”<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-23 |title=CURE Auto Insurance rolls out audacious Big D*** Nick Foles commercial |url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/cure-auto-insurance-big-dick-nick-foles-commercial/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=PhillyVoice |language=english}}</ref>

In 2021, a CURE Super Bowl advertisement was criticized for [[Minimisation (psychology)|trivializing]] [[workplace harassment]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Millado |first=Rob Bailey |date=2021-02-08 |title=Cure Auto Insurance's 'Whip it Out' Super Bowl ad slammed as offensive |url=https://nypost.com/2021/02/08/cure-auto-insurances-whip-it-out-super-bowl-ad-slammed-as-offensive/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=[[New York Post]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2025, CURE featured Philadelphia Eagles star [[Saquon Barkley]] in a Super Bowl advertisement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bergeron |first=Tom |date=2025-02-10 |title=Super Saquon ad buy: How CURE Auto Insurance landed Barkley for this year's spot |url=https://www.roi-nj.com/2025/02/10/finance/super-saquon-ad-buy-how-cure-auto-insurance-landed-barkley-for-this-years-spot/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=ROI-NJ |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stallone |first=Michael |date=2025-02-07 |title=2025 Super Bowl ads for New Yorkers: Victor Cruz, Saquon Barkley and more |url=https://www.fox5ny.com/news/nyc-super-bowl-commercials-victor-cruz-saquon-barkley |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=FOX 5 NY |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.cure.com Official website]

[[Category:1990 establishments in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Insurance companies of the United States]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1990]]
[[Category:Companies based in Princeton, New Jersey]]

Archive:Franchising Company

2026-09-29T07:58:44Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice

{{Short description|Argentine franchising consultancy}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Franchising Company S.R.L.
| type = [[Sociedad de responsabilidad limitada]]
| industry = [[Franchising]], [[consulting]], [[brand licensing]]
| founded = {{start date and age|2010|06|29|df=yes}}
| hq_location = Palermo Soho
| hq_location_city = [[Buenos Aires]]
| hq_location_country = Argentina
| key_people = Marcelo Schijman Fabián Slisaransky Fernanda Núñez
| website = {{URL|https://www.franchising-company.com/}}
}}
The '''Franchising Company S.R.L.''' is an Argentine consultancy based in [[Buenos Aires]] that works in the development, commercialization and legal structuring of [[franchising|franchises]] and brand licences.<ref name="GAF-profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.gaf-franquicias.com/fichaConsultora/Franchising-Company-%7C-Desarrollo-de-Franquicias/ |title=Franchising Company {{!}} Desarrollo de Franquicias |website=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="GAF-profile-ar">{{cite web |url=https://www.gaf-franquicias.com.ar/fichaConsultora/Franchising-Company-%7C-Desarrollo-de-Franquicias/ |title=Franchising Company {{!}} Desarrollo de Franquicias |website=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="Official">{{cite web |url=https://www.franchising-company.com/ |title=Franchising Company SRL - Desarrollo de franquicias en Argentina |website=Franchising Company |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="AAMF-consultores">{{cite web |url=https://aamf.com.ar/socios/consultores/ |title=Catálogo de Socios Consultores de la AAMF |website=Asociación Argentina de Marcas y Franquicias |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref> The company operates within the Argentine franchise market, a sector described by the [[International Trade Administration]] of the United States Department of Commerce as part of the country's retail and services landscape.<ref name="ITA">{{cite web |url=https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/argentina-franchising |title=Argentina Franchising |website=International Trade Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce |date=20 November 2025 |language=en |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesConsolidacion2026">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesargentina.com/negocios/el-sistema-franquicias-apuesta-consolidacion-preven-4000-nuevos-locales-desembarco-200-marcas-2026-n83850 |title=El sistema de franquicias apuesta a la consolidación: prevén 4.000 nuevos locales y el desembarco de 200 marcas en 2026 |work=Forbes Argentina |date=25 December 2025 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="CronistaFranquicias2023">{{cite news |url=https://www.cronista.com/pyme/herramientas/la-industria-de-las-franquicias-crece-por-encima-de-los-dos-digitos/ |title=La industria de las franquicias crece por encima de los dos dígitos |last=Longo |first=Karina |work=El Cronista |date=2 January 2023 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="AmbitoOportunidades2023">{{cite news |url=https://www.ambito.com/ambito-biz/el-ano-las-oportunidades-n5679539 |title=El año de las oportunidades |last=Rodríguez Freire |first=Joaquín |work=Ámbito Financiero |date=22 March 2023 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesRefugio2026">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesargentina.com/negocios/inversion-o-puesto-trabajo-doble-efecto-refugio-franquicias-ano-reconfiguracion-n87987 |title=¿Inversión o puesto de trabajo? El doble "efecto refugio" de las franquicias en un año de reconfiguración |last=Longo |first=Karina |work=Forbes Argentina |date=20 March 2026 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesInnovacion2025">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesargentina.com/negocios/innovacion-aplicada-5-nuevos-negocios-redefinen-escalabilidad-sello-argentino-n79929 |title=Innovación aplicada: 5 nuevos negocios que redefinen la escalabilidad con sello argentino |last=Longo |first=Karina |work=Forbes Argentina |date=16 October 2025 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref>

== History ==

Franchising Company had been constituted in June 2001 in Buenos Aires, with a corporate purpose covering franchise advisory services, franchise commercialization, and the development and commercialization of brand licences.<ref name="BORA">{{cite web |url=https://www.dateas.com/es/bora/2010/07/08/franchising-company-srl-233780 |title=FRANCHISING COMPANY S.R.L. - 08/07/2010 |website=Dateas |publisher=Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina |date=8 July 2010 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref>

Marcelo Schijman and Fabián Slisaransky are the directors of the consultancy.<ref name="GAF-profile" /><ref name="GAF-profile-ar" /> The company website lists Schijman as founding partner and Slisaransky as director of the legal area; Fernanda Núñez is listed as general manager for franchise development.<ref name="Official" />

By the mid-2020s, the Franchising Company has more than two decades of activity and hundreds of brands developed as franchises or licences.<ref name="GAF-profile" /><ref name="GAF-profile-ar" /><ref name="InfoArgentum">{{cite news |url=https://infoargentum.com/empresas-destacadas/franchising-company.html |title=Franchising Company SRL: 25 años convirtiendo negocios en franquicias |work=Info Argentum |date=27 April 2026 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="AAMF-consultores" /> The company's own client list includes brands in gastronomy, fashion, retail, services, beauty, health and training, among them Lucciano's, Guolis, Mi Gusto, Arredo, Colombraro, Lidherma, [[Quiksilver]], Reef, Montagne and Portsaid.<ref name="Official" /><ref name="LaNacion2006">{{cite news |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/propiedades/inmuebles-comerciales/base-de-datos-nid841084/ |title=Base de datos |work=La Nación |date=18 September 2006 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref>

== Activity ==

Franchising Company advises businesses seeking to expand through franchise or licence models.<ref name="GAF-profile" /><ref name="Official" /><ref name="AAMF-consultores" /><ref name="InfoNegociosImagoToi">{{cite news |url=https://infonegocios.info/jesus-maria/el-mundo-de-las-nineras-y-cuidadoras-tiene-imagotoi-una-franquicia-nacida-en-jesus-maria-que-ya-opera-en-buenos-aires-y-neuquen |title=El mundo de las niñeras y cuidadoras tiene ImagoToi, una franquicia nacida en Jesús María que ya opera en Buenos Aires y Neuquén |last=Ponce |first=María Rosa |work=InfoNegocios |date=15 July 2022 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref> Its services include the definition of business models, franchise formats, investment projections, commercial dossiers, legal documentation and operating manuals.<ref name="Official" /> The firm also lists services connected with franchise granting, brand licensing, trademark registration, legal documentation and retail marketing.<ref name="Official" />

In 2021, Marcelo Schijman and Fabián Slisaransky participated in an English-language foreign trade training programme organized by investBA and Santander. The programme listed them as speakers from Franchising Company for a session on marketing, trademark registration and international positioning.<ref name="InvestBA">{{cite web |url=https://investba.buenosaires.gob.ar/en/List/view/ExportaCapacitacionPresencial/46 |title=Talks on Foreign Trade |website=investBA |publisher=Buenos Aires City Government |date=28 October 2021 |language=en |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref>

Schijman has also been quoted in Argentine business media on franchise-market conditions, including the entry of foreign brands into Argentina, the international expansion of Argentine franchise brands and changes in franchise formats.<ref name="ForbesForeign">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesargentina.com/negocios/las-marcas-extranjeras-estarian-mirando-la-argentina-cuales-son-cuando-llegarian-n69525 |title=Las marcas extranjeras que estarían mirando la Argentina: cuáles son y cuándo llegarían |work=Forbes Argentina |date=24 March 2025 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberglinea.com/latinoamerica/argentina/decathlon-a-la-argentina-cuales-son-las-marcas-que-llegan-al-pais-y-por-que/ |title=Decathlon a la Argentina: cuáles son las marcas que llegan al país y por qué |last=Espina |first=Mariano |work=Bloomberg Línea |date=28 January 2025 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesExpansion">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesargentina.com/negocios/destinos-internacionales-receptivos-franquicias-argentinas-cuales-son-como-conquistarlos-n70913 |title=Destinos internacionales receptivos a las franquicias argentinas: cuáles son y cómo conquistarlos |work=Forbes Argentina |date=19 April 2025 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="LaNacion2012">{{cite news |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/economia/como-subirse-a-un-negocio-rentable-nid1516807/ |title=Cómo subirse a un negocio rentable |last=Scarpinelli |first=Luján |work=La Nación |date=14 October 2012 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="Ambito2024">{{cite news |url=https://www.ambito.com/negocios/franquicias-que-deben-hacer-las-empresas-lograr-una-experiencia-exitosa-segun-los-consejos-seis-expertos-n6022883 |title=Franquicias: qué deben hacer las empresas para lograr una experiencia exitosa, según los consejos de seis expertos |last=Velázquez |first=Jorge |work=Ámbito Financiero |date=28 June 2024 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="IProfesional2008">{{cite news |url=https://www.iprofesional.com/comex/61554-cuales-son-las-claves-para-vender-franquicias-en-el-exterior |title=Cuáles son las claves para vender franquicias en el exterior |work=iProfesional |date=12 February 2008 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="CronistaFranquiciar2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.cronista.com/pymes/decidirse-a-franquiciar/ |title=Decidirse a franquiciar |last=Mafud |first=Laura |work=El Cronista |date=18 April 2013 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesLatam2024">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesargentina.com/negocios/franquicias-america-latina-rubros-mas-demandados-buscan-inversores-rol-ia-sector-n56046 |title=Franquicias en América Latina: los rubros más demandados, qué buscan los inversores y el rol de la IA en el sector |last=Longo |first=Karina |work=Forbes Argentina |date=16 July 2024 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesUruguayLatam2024">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesuruguay.com/negocios/franquicias-america-latina-rubros-mas-demandados-buscan-inversores-rol-ia-sector-n56049/amp |title=Franquicias en América Latina: los rubros más demandados, qué buscan los inversores y el rol de la IA en el sector |last=Longo |first=Karina |work=Forbes Uruguay |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="HistoriasInspiran2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.historiasqueinspiran.com.ar/se-puede-franquiciar-cualquier-servicio/ |title=¿Se puede franquiciar cualquier servicio? |website=Historias que inspiran |date=10 May 2019 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesConsolidacion2026" /><ref name="ForbesRefugio2026" /><ref name="AmbitoOportunidades2023" />

== Franchising Trends ==

Franchising Company organizes ''Franchising Trends'', an event focused on the Argentine franchise sector.<ref name="GAF-profile" /><ref name="FT2024">{{cite web |url=https://www.franchising-company.com/novedad/40/franchising-trends-2024-la-18-edicin-redefine-el-futuro-de-las-franquicias-en-argentina/ |title=Franchising Trends 2024: la 18° edición redefine el futuro de las franquicias en Argentina |website=Franchising Company |date=26 November 2024 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ComafiFT">{{cite web |url=https://www.comafi.com.ar/Premian-a-Banco-Comafi-en-Franchising-Trend-1833.note.aspx |title=Premian a Banco Comafi en Franchising Trend |website=Banco Comafi |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="GAFDistinguidaFT">{{cite web |url=https://www.gaf-franquicias.com/noticia/la-guia-argentina-de-franquicias-distinguida-en-el-franchising-trends-181 |title=La Guía Argentina de Franquicias distinguida en el Franchising Trends |website=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="FECOBAFT18">{{cite web |url=https://fecoba.org.ar/franchising-trends-18-edicion/ |title=Franchising Trends 18° edición |website=Federación de Comercio e Industria de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref> The Guía Argentina de Franquicias profile of the company describes the event as a press event that had reached eighteen editions by the mid-2020s.<ref name="GAF-profile" />

The 2024 edition was held on 26 November at Torre Macro in [[Puerto Madero]], Buenos Aires, and was presented by journalist Javier Fabracci.<ref name="FT2024" /><ref name="FECOBAFT18" /> According to the company's account of the event, participants included businesspeople, representatives of franchise brands and figures connected with the sector.<ref name="FT2024" />

In 2025, Banco Macro hosted a Franchising Trends meeting focused on networking, digital communication and franchise-sector trends.<ref name="Ambito2025">{{cite news |url=https://www.ambito.com/negocios/banco-macro-fue-sede-un-debate-las-nuevas-tendencias-franquicias-y-premio-las-mas-destacadas-n6186241 |title=Banco Macro fue sede de un debate sobre las nuevas tendencias en franquicias y premió a las más destacadas |work=Ámbito Financiero |date=3 September 2025 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="NoticiasD2025">{{cite news |url=https://noticiasd.com/nota/franchising-trends-con-gran-convocatoria-se-realizo-la-cuarta-edicion-del-evento-de-franquicias-1008479 |title=Franchising Trends 2025: con gran convocatoria se realizó la cuarta edición del evento de franquicias |work=Noticias d |date=3 September 2025 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref> The event included recognitions for brands such as Bagels & Bagels, Café Martínez, Crosta Pizza, Guolis, Lidherma, Lucciano's and The Coffee Store, among others.<ref name="Ambito2025" /><ref name="GAF2025">{{cite web |url=https://www.gaf-franquicias.com/noticia/franchising-trends-2025-networking-premios-y-datos-del-sector-3499 |title=Franchising Trends 2025: networking, premios y datos del sector |website=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |date=4 September 2025 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="NoticiasD2025" />

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2026, Franchising Company received the ''Premio Mercurio'' (Mercury Prize) for marketing excellence in the SME Consulting category, awarded by the [[Argentine Marketing Association]].<ref name="GAFconsultora">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gaf-franquicias.com/fichaConsultora/Franchising-Company-%7C-Desarrollo-de-Franquicias/ |title=Franchising Company – Desarrollo de Franquicias |publisher=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |access-date=April 27, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://infoargentum.com/empresas-destacadas/franchising-company.html |title=Franchising Company SRL: 25 años convirtiendo negocios en franquicias |date=April 27, 2026 |work=Info Argentum |access-date=April 27, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://aam.com.ar/ganadores.html |title=Ganadores del Premio Mercurio |publisher=Asociación Argentina de Marketing |access-date=April 27, 2026}}</ref> The firm had been a finalist for the same award in 2008.<ref name="GAFconsultora" />

That same year, at the tenth-anniversary event of the Guía Argentina de Franquicias, the company was among the consultants and providers recognized for their role in developing that industry publication.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gaf-franquicias.com/noticia/el-franchising-argentino-celebro-10-anos-de-la-gaf-3667 |title=El franchising argentino celebró 10 años de la GAF |publisher=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |date=March 20, 2026 |access-date=April 27, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdPDBFLDtpg |title=Celebración por los 10 años de la Guía Argentina de Franquicias |publisher=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |access-date=April 27, 2026}}</ref>

The company has also received the ''Dale Carnegie Maximum Merit Award'' and a distinction from the Argentine Association of Brands and Franchises for ethics, commitment, professionalism, and equity.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://infoargentum.com/empresas-destacadas/franchising-company.html |title=Franchising Company SRL: 24 años convirtiendo negocios en franquicias desde Palermo |date=April 27, 2026 |work=Info Argentum |access-date=April 27, 2026}}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website|https://www.franchising-company.com/}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Franchising Company}}
[[Category:Companies based in Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:Privately held companies of Argentina]]
[[Category:Service companies of Argentina]]
[[Category:Franchising]]
[[Category:Argentine companies established in 2010]]

Archive:Space Capital

2026-09-29T07:57:56Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice

{{Short description|American early-stage venture capital firm}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Space Capital
| logo = File:Space Capital Logo.png
| type = Private
| industry = [[Venture Capital]]
| fate =
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| founded = 2012
| founder = Chad Anderson
| defunct = 
| hq_location_city = [[New York City|New York]]
| hq_location_country = United States
| area_served = 
| key_people = Chad Anderson, Tom Ingersoll, Justus Kilian<ref>{{cite web |title=Form D: Space Capital IV L.P. |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |date=February 26, 2026 |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2097734/000209773426000001/0002097734-26-000001-index.htm}}</ref>
| products = [[Investments]]
| owner = 
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = 
| parent =
| website = {{URL|www.spacecapital.com}}
}}

'''Space Capital LP''' is an early-stage venture capital firm that invests exclusively in [[Space technologies|space-based technologies]].<ref name="satellite 2020">{{cite web|author=Rachel Jewett|url=https://www.satellitetoday.com/business/2020/05/05/space-angels-rebrands-as-space-capital/|title=Space Angels Rebrands as Space Capital |work=Satellite Today|date=May 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-space-capital-podcast/id1281847844|title = The Space Capital Podcast on Apple Podcasts| date=April 18, 2023 }}</ref> Formed in 2012, it is based in New York City. Originally known as Space Angels, it adopted the Space Capital name in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jewett |first=Rachel |title=Space Angels Rebrands as Space Capital |work=Via Satellite |date=May 5, 2020 |url=https://www.satellitetoday.com/business/2020/05/05/space-angels-rebrands-as-space-capital/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Form ADV – Space Capital |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (Investment Adviser Public Disclosure) |date=March 23, 2026 |url=https://adviserinfo.sec.gov/firm/summary/287867 |id=CRD No. 287867}}</ref>

==History==
Originally founded in 2007 as an angel investor network, the firm's scale was limited by its informal structure.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Space Angels, Multiple Equilibria, and Financing the Space Economy - Case - Faculty & Research - Harvard Business School |url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=55897 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=www.hbs.edu}}</ref> In 2012, Chad Anderson became CEO and by 2015 transitioned Space Angels away from the decentralized investing model typical of angel networks.<ref name=":1" /> In 2015, Anderson re-founded the company and launched its first [[Special-purpose entity|special purpose vehicle (SPV)]] fund.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Segran |first=Elizabeth |date=2017-01-01 |title=Four Out-Of-This-World Predictions For The Space Industry In 2017 |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3066520/four-out-of-this-world-predictions-for-the-space-industry-in-2017 |website=Fast Company}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jao |first=Carren |date=2014-10-16 |title=Meet the Entrepreneurs at the Forefront of the Space Race |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/living/meet-the-entrepreneurs-at-the-forefront-of-the-space-race/237409 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en}}</ref>

In 2017, Space Capital<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom Ingersoll Joins Space Capital Partners, Which Is Targeting $50m For First Venture Fund {{!}} Investment News {{!}} Trusted Insight |url=https://www.thetrustedinsight.com/investment-news/tom-ingersoll-joins-space-capital-partners-which-is-targeting-50m-for-first-venture-fund-20171120627/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=www.thetrustedinsight.com |language=en-US}}{{dead link|date=August 2026}}</ref> launched its first institutional [[venture capital]] fund of $16 million, with Tom Ingersoll joining as partner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Space Economy: Capitalize on the Greatest Business Opportunity of Our Lifetime {{!}} Wiley |url=https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Space+Economy%3A+Capitalize+on+the+Greatest+Business+Opportunity+of+Our+Lifetime-p-9781119903727 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Wiley.com |language=en-us}}</ref> By 2024, the firm had grown to three funds and over $100 million under management.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Chad |date=2023-04-10 |title=Space Capital launches Fund 3 to continue investing at the intersection of space and tech |url=https://medium.com/space-capital/space-capital-launches-fund-3-to-continue-investing-at-the-intersection-of-space-and-tech-e5bdbfa56b23 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Space Capital |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dargan |first=James |date=2023-01-03 |title=Founder & Managing Partner of Space Capital Talks New Investments, Space Stocks & The Outlook for Space Ventures in 2023 |url=https://spaceimpulse.com/2023/01/03/founder-managing-partner-of-space-capital-talks-new-investments-space-stocks-the-outlook-for-space-ventures-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Space Impulse |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Chad |date=2022-03-16 |title=Space Capital closes $32M for second institutional fund to continue investing at the intersection… |url=https://medium.com/space-capital/space-capital-closes-32m-for-second-institutional-fund-to-continue-investing-at-the-intersection-d5cd0c74832e |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Space Capital |language=en}}</ref> Their investments are focused on space-based technologies such as GPS, geospatial intelligence, and satellite communications.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheetz |first=Michael |date=2023-10-19 |title=Investing in Space: On satellites, the invisible backbone of global industry |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/10/19/investing-in-space-satellites-are-the-invisible-backbone-of-industry.html |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>

In 2020, Space Capital formalized its brand architecture with Space Capital as the parent brand and Space Angels (founded in 2007),<ref name="satellite 2020" /> an online angel investment platform, and Space Talent, a career platform and central node for space industry jobs, as its sub-brands.<ref name="businesswire1">{{cite press release|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200505005206/en/Space-Angels-Announces-Branding-Realignment-New-50|title = Space Angels Announces Branding Realignment and New $50 Million Venture Capital Fund|publisher=Businesswire|date = May 5, 2020}}</ref>

As of 2026, the firm manages over $1 billion in assets across four funds.<ref>{{cite web |title=Form ADV – Space Capital |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (Investment Adviser Public Disclosure) |date=March 23, 2026 |url=https://adviserinfo.sec.gov/firm/summary/287867 |id=CRD No. 287867}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How Nasdaq Is Supporting the Space Economy |publisher=Nasdaq |date=May 4, 2026 |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/newsroom/nasdaq-supporting-space-economy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Form D: Space Capital IV L.P. |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |date=February 26, 2026 |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2097734/000209773426000001/0002097734-26-000001-index.htm}}</ref>

== Publications ==
Space Capital began publishing a quarterly update on space startup and investment activity in 2017, which coined the 2010s as the entrepreneurial space age.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 16, 2020 |title=Space Angels' Chad Anderson on entering a new decade in the 'entrepreneurial space age' |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/16/space-angels-chad-anderson-on-entering-a-new-decade-in-the-entrepreneurial-space-age/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sheetz |first=Michael |date=November 1, 2017 |title=Space companies are receiving billions from venture backers, report says |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/01/space-angels-space-has-attracted-over-2-billion-this-year.html |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mosher |first=Dave |title=10 years ago, the world laughed at private space companies. $25.7 billion later, a new report claims we are at the 'dawn of the entrepreneurial space age.' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/space-angels-report-dawn-private-spaceflight-age-26-billion-invested-2020-1 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> The report has been cited by the [[United States Secretary of Commerce]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Remarks by Commerce Secretary Wilbur L. Ross at the Space Startup Summit |url=https://www.commerce.gov/news/speeches/2019/10/remarks-commerce-secretary-wilbur-l-ross-space-startup-summit |website=U.S. Department of Commerce}}</ref> and by the [[Vice President of the United States]] at the sixth meeting of the National Space Council.<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-08-20 |title=VP Pence participates in National Space Council meeting |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edZJDV0ULcg |accessdate=2020-06-06 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Private equity]]
*[[Venture capital]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.spacecapital.com/ Space Capital website]

[[Category:Venture capital firms of the United States]]
[[Category:Financial services companies based in New York City]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 2017]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:Privately held companies based in New York City]]

Archive:Geneva College of Longevity Science

2026-09-29T07:52:17Z

Waza: 13 revisions imported: Import with full history

{{Short description|Higher-education institution in Geneva, Switzerland}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Geneva College of Longevity Science|timestamp=20260928232239|year=2026|month=September|day=28|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2026}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2026}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|date=September 2026}}
{{Self-published|date=September 2026}}
{{orphan|date=September 2026}}
}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Geneva College of Longevity Science
| native_name = GCLS
| type = Higher-education institution
| established = 2024
| academic_affiliations = [[Ovidius University of Constanța]]
| president = Dominik Thor
| city = [[Geneva]]
| country = Switzerland
| website =
}}

'''The Geneva College of Longevity Science (GCLS)''' is a higher-education institution based in Geneva, Switzerland, focused on postgraduate education, professional training and academic work in longevity science and longevity medicine.<ref name=ME1>{{Cite press release |title=Middle East's 1st Longevity Symposium in Dubai 2025 {{!}} DSP |url=https://tecomgroup.ae/press-release/middle-easts-first-longevity-science-semester-symposium-held-in-dubai |access-date=2026-09-20 |website=[[TECOM Group]] |language=en}}</ref> Established in 2024, the institution provides programmes concerning ageing biology, preventive medicine, healthy ageing and the translation of geroscience into clinical and professional practice.<ref name=TBLSj>{{Cite journal |last=Thor |first=Dominik |author-link=Dominik Thor |last2=Barzilai |first2=David |last3=Lyu |first3=Yu-Xuan |last4=Spiru |first4=Luiza |date=2025-12-14 |title=From sick care to healthspan: educating the longevity physician for health maintenance and health promotion |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41391057 |journal=Biogerontology |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=22 |doi=10.1007/s10522-025-10371-3 |issn=1573-6768 |pmc=12702796 |pmid=41391057}}</ref>

GCLS offers postgraduate and continuing-education programmes in longevity science and related fields.<ref name=TBLSj/> Its activities also include research and framework development concerning physician education and clinical standards in longevity medicine, as well as academic partnerships and scientific meetings.<ref name=PGABEGSHPT/>

== History ==
GCLS was established in Geneva in 2024 with a focus on formal education in longevity science, an interdisciplinary field drawing on ageing biology, preventive medicine, public health and related disciplines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GCLS |url=https://www.gcls.study/gcls |access-date=2026-09-20 |website=Geneva College of Longevity Science |language=en}}</ref> Dominik Thor has served as president of the institution. Luiza Spiru, a physician and professor whose work includes gerontology, geriatrics and longevity medicine, has been involved in its academic programmes.<ref name=TBLSj/> The institution subsequently expanded its postgraduate and professional education and developed international scientific activities.<ref name=ME1/> In February 2025, GCLS partnered with Dubai Science Park to hold a Longevity Science Semester Symposium in Dubai. Dubai Science Park reported that the two-day meeting brought together participants from healthcare, life sciences, academic and public-sector organizations.<ref>{{Cite press release |date=2026-01-29 |title=GCLS Semester Symposium to unite science and research leaders in Dubai to shape future of healthy longevity |url=https://dsp.ae/media/press-release/gcls-semester-symposium-to-unite-science-and-research-leaders-in-dubai-to-shape-future-of-healthy-longevity |access-date=2026-09-20 |website=[[Dubai Science Park]] |language=en}}</ref>

In 2026, GCLS announced an academic partnership with Ovidius University of Constanța for a research doctorate in medicine with a specialization in longevity sciences. Ovidius University is identified as the degree-awarding institution, while GCLS serves as the international academic partner.<ref>{{Cite press release |date=2026-04-24 |title=Geneva College of Longevity Science Launches the World's First PhD in Longevity Sciences |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/04/24/3280566/0/en/geneva-college-of-longevity-science-launches-the-world-s-first-phd-in-longevity-sciences.html |access-date=2026-09-20 |website=[[GlobeNewswire]] |language=en-us}}</ref>

GCLS provides postgraduate and professional education in longevity science and longevity medicine. Its portfolio includes a master's-level programme in longevity science, continuing medical education and professional training for physicians, and postgraduate study in peptide therapeutics.<ref>{{cite press release |date=2026-07-24 |title=NADclinic and GCLS Announce Strategic Collaboration in Longevity and Performance Medicine Education |website=[[Business Wire]] |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260723425238/en/NADclinic-and-GCLS-Announce-Strategic-Collaboration-in-Longevity-and-Performance-Medicine-Education}}</ref> The curricula address subjects such as the biology of ageing, biomarkers, preventive medicine, healthspan, clinical assessment and the translation of ageing research into healthcare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garlick |first=Hattie |date=2026-03-13 |title=3 simple things a longevity doctor wants you to do daily (starting now) |url=https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/uk/health/a70733163/3-simple-things-a-longevity-doctor-wants-you-to-do-daily/ |access-date=2026-09-20 |website=[[Good Housekeeping]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>

The doctoral partnership with Ovidius University of Constanța began with a 2026 intake. The programme is described as a research doctorate in medicine with a specialization in longevity sciences and is not a physician qualification. Ovidius University is the degree-awarding institution.<ref>{{Cite press release |date=2025-12-08 |title=Geneva College of Longevity Science and DrVibe.ai Launch the GCLS AI Academy for Longevity Sciences |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2025/12/08/tmt-newswire/globenewswire/geneva-college-of-longevity-science-and-drvibeai-launch-the-gcls-ai-academy-for-longevity-sciences/2238733/amp |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251208092429/https://www.manilatimes.net/2025/12/08/tmt-newswire/globenewswire/geneva-college-of-longevity-science-and-drvibeai-launch-the-gcls-ai-academy-for-longevity-sciences/2238733/amp |archive-date=2025-12-08 |access-date=2026-09-20 |work=[[GlobeNewswire]] |via=[[The Manila Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Dominik Thor serves as president of GCLS and professor of pharmacy. Luiza Spiru has held academic responsibilities within the institution,<ref>{{Cite web |title=PhD Programme |url=https://www.gcls.study/phd-programme |access-date=2026-09-20 |website=Geneva College of Longevity Science |language=en}}</ref> including involvement in longevity-medicine education and the Ovidius University doctoral collaboration.<ref name=TBLSj/>

== Research and Clinical Frameworks ==
GCLS faculty and researchers have contributed to publications addressing the development of longevity medicine as a structured field of clinical practice and medical education.<ref name=TBLSj/> A 2025 Biogerontology perspective, authored by Dominik Thor, David Barzilai, Yu-Xuan Lyu and Luiza Spiru, proposed a framework for incorporating longevity-related competencies into continuing medical education and medical curricula. The authors listed GCLS affiliations.<ref name=TBLSj/>

Researchers affiliated with GCLS also contributed to the peer-reviewed review article "Toward responsible longevity medicine: Swiss framework for healthy longevity medicine clinics."<ref name=PGABEGSHPT/> Published in Longevity, the paper proposed a voluntary framework addressing clinical governance, evidence appraisal, patient safety, data governance and the responsible translation of longevity interventions into clinical practice.<ref name=PGABEGSHPT>{{Cite journal |last=Pagani |first=Andrea |last2=Addor |first2=Guénolé |last3=Axmann |first3=Guido |last4=Bode |first4=Leonie |last5=Erat |first5=Anna |last6=Gartenbach |first6=Andrea |last7=Sarasin-Gianduzzo |first7=Antoinette |last8=Hannah-Shmouni |first8=Fady |last9=Prantl |first9=Lukas |last10=Thor |first10=Dominik |author-link10=Dominik Thor |display-authors=3 |date=2025-12-31 |title=Toward responsible longevity medicine: Swiss framework for healthy longevity medicine clinics |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/30653495.2025.2583907 |journal=Longevity |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/30653495.2025.2583907 |issn=3065-3495|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT: Science Program, Geneva College of Longevity}}
[[Category:2024 establishments in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2024]]
[[Category:Education in Geneva]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Longevity]]
[[Category:Gerontology]]

Archive:House of Dust (architecture)

2026-09-29T07:51:59Z

Waza: 86 revisions imported: Import with full history

{{About|the 2013 interior architecture project|the 2014 film|House of Dust (film)}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=House of Dust (architecture)|timestamp=20260923065650|year=2026|month=September|day=23|substed=yes}}
{{AI-generated |reason=[[Wikipedia:AI noticeboard/Archive 7#Stamati Bulgari]] |date=July 2026}}



{{Infobox building
| image = House of Dust (Rome) – entrance alcove.jpg
| image_alt = Entrance alcove of House of Dust
| name = House of Dust
| alternate_names = Casa della polvere
| caption = Entrance alcove of ''House of Dust''
| building_type = Private house
| location = Rome, Italy
| coordinates = {{coord|41|54|34.02|N|12|29|35.96|E|format=dms|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| completion_date = March 2013
| architect = [[Antonino Cardillo]]
| architectural_style = [[Italian modern and contemporary architecture]]
}}

'''''House of Dust''''' is an architectural work built in 2013 in Rome, designed by the Italian architect [[Antonino Cardillo]]. The project is characterised by a combination of different elements: a [[horizontal division]] based on the [[golden ratio]], [[Roughcast|coarse plaster]] walls and brown ceilings, [[Arch|arched doorways]], walls and ceilings in a pale shade of [[pink]], and a cylindrical ghostly white curtain.<ref name="Dezeen">{{cite web |last=Frearson |first=Amy |title=House of Dust by Antonino Cardillo |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2013/08/05/house-of-dust-by-antonino-cardillo/ |website=Dezeen |date=5 August 2013 |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref>

==Background==
The work was designed and built between September 2012 and March 2013 in a 100 m² apartment in the [[Ludovisi (rione of Rome)|Rione Ludovisi]] of Rome.<ref name="Dezeen" />

==Architecture==
The architect described this house as a conceptual celebration of [[dust]]. Its design draws inspiration from primordial [[caverns]], Renaissance [[grottos]], the [[nymphaeum]] of Rome’s [[Villa Doria Pamphili]] and the faint Liberty facades along [[Via Veneto]]. Furthermore, it explores the idea of buildings as instruments for [[light]] creation, emphasising the importance of opaque materials in architecture to capture and manipulate light.<ref name="AJ">{{cite magazine |last=Cardillo |first=Antonino |author2=Mara, Felix |title=House of Dust, Rome by Antonino Cardillo Architect |magazine=Architects' Journal Specification |publisher=EMAP |date=October 2013 |pages=4, 50–55 |url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/specification/house-of-dust-rome-by-antonino-cardillo-architect |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref>

==Reception==
The work was featured in international lifestyle and architecture magazines.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Noseda |first=Paolo Maria |title=Una casa, una visione |magazine=Casamica |publisher=Corriere della Sera |date=June 2013 |pages=74–83 |language=it |url=https://living.corriere.it/case/eclettiche/interni-casa-design-roma-401479685877/ |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref><ref name="Dezeen" /><ref>{{cite journal |last=Araujo |first=Ana |title=Feeling through sight: zooming in, zooming out |journal=The Journal of Architecture |volume=19 |issue=1 |publisher=RIBA |date=January 2014 |pages=14–15 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2013.851905 |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Schroder |first=Christine |title=Wohnung "House of Dust" in Rom |magazine=AIT Magazin |issue=3/14 |publisher=Leinfelden-Echterdingen |date=March 2014 |pages=120–125 |language=de |url=https://www.coam.org/media/Default%20Files/fundacion/biblioteca/revistasExtranjeras/ait_2014.pdf |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref>
It was also presented at the [[Architectural Association]] School of Architecture.<ref name="Savtchenko2013">{{cite web|last=Savtchenko-Belskaia|first=Alexandra|title=Antonino Cardillo: House of Dust|url=https://www.aaschool.ac.uk/publicprogramme/whatson/house-of-dust|website=Architectural Association School of Architecture|date=20 November 2013|access-date=28 January 2026}}</ref>
Nacho Alegre included it in a list of ten significant contemporary interior works from 2010 to 2015.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alegre|first=Nacho|title=ROOM: Inside Contemporary Interiors|chapter=House of Dust|editor=Phaidon|date=October 2014|pages=64–67, 419|publisher=Phaidon|location=London|url=https://archive.org/details/roominsidecontem0000unse/page/n9/mode/2up|access-date=12 March 2026|isbn=978-0714867441}}</ref>
It was cited in Dezeen's selections of pink‑hued interiors and exposed‑plaster residential spaces.<ref>{{cite web|last=Carter|first=Trudie|title=10 of the most popular pink-hued interiors on Dezeen's Pinterest boards|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2016/10/07/pink-interior-design-dezeen-pinterest-boards/|website=Dezeen|date=7 October 2016|access-date=3 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Englefield|first=Jane|title=Ten residential interiors showcasing exposed plaster walls|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2022/04/10/ten-textured-interiors-exposed-plaster-walls-lookbooks/|website=Dezeen|date=10 April 2022|access-date=3 February 2026}}</ref>
International trend‑forecasting agencies included it in reports for several seasons from 2015 to 2019.<ref>{{cite book|title=Homebuildlife Macro Trends Autumn/Winter 2015/16|chapter=Data Divination|publisher=WGSN|location=London|date=November 2013|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|last1=Robinson|first1=Hannah|last2=Szymanska|first2=Aleksandra|title=Anti-Materials|publisher=LS:N Global|chapter=Ephemeral Spaces|date=28 August 2014|pages=3–4|url=https://www.lsnglobal.com/design-directions/article/16331/anti-materials|access-date=9 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gérin|first1=Louis|last2=Lamaud|first2=Grégory|chapter=Mash Up|title=Texworld Trend Spring Summer 2015|publisher=Messe Frankfurt|location=Paris|date=2014|pages=31, 61}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cover All 2018–2019|volume=2|chapter=Floating & Ambiguity|publisher=Noroo Pantone Colour Institute|location=Seoul|date=November 2017|pages=48–49, 59}}</ref>
It was exhibited at the XXI [[Triennale di Milano]] (2016), where fifty architectural designs for Italian interiors were presented, ranging from the 1920s to the present day.<ref>{{cite book|last=Finessi|first=Beppe|title=Rooms. Novel Living Concepts|series=XXI Triennale di Milano|publisher=Marsilio|location=Milan|date=September 2016|pages=169, 283|access-date=28 January 2026|url=http://www.triennale.org/en/mostra/stanze-altre-filosofie-dellabitare/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219023356/http://www.triennale.org/en/mostra/stanze-altre-filosofie-dellabitare/|archive-date=2017-02-19|url-status=dead}}</ref>
It was also featured in the 2021 and 2023 editions of the architecture festival Open House Roma.<ref>{{cite news|title=Open House Roma, dentro l'architettura| work=Corriere della Sera|location=Milan|edition=Rome|publisher=RCS MediaGroup|date=2 October 2021|page=11|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Cardillo|first=Antonino|chapter=House of Dust|title=Open House Roma – Area 3|editor=Gaia Maria Lombardo|publisher=Open House Roma|location=Rome|date=September 2021|page=16|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Manzitti|first=Federica|title=Porte aperte all'architettura|work=Corriere della Sera|location=Milan|edition=Rome|publisher=RCS MediaGroup|date=19 May 2023|page=17|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Cardillo|first=Antonino|title=House of Dust|website=Open House Roma|editor=Gaia Maria Lombardo|date=24 April 2023|url=https://www.openhouseroma.org/node/26139|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512124942/https://www.openhouseroma.org/node/26139|access-date=10 June 2026|archive-date=2023-05-12|url-status=dead|language=it}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Specus Corallii]]

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.antoninocardillo.com/en/works/house-of-dust/|name=House of Dust on the architect's official website}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Houses in Rome]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Rome]]
[[Category:Ludovisi (rione of Rome)]]
[[Category:Residential buildings completed in 2013]]
[[Category:Works by Antonino Cardillo]]

Archive:Tango (software company)

2026-09-29T07:51:32Z

Waza: 5 revisions imported: Import with full history

{{Short description|American software company}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Tango (software company)|timestamp=20260928115240|year=2026|month=September|day=28|substed=yes|help=off}}



{{Use American English|date=September 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2026}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2026}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Tango Technology, Inc.
| trade_name = Tango
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| industry = [[Software industry|Software]]
| founded = [[2020]]
| founder = {{Unbulleted list
| Ken Babcock
| Dan Giovacchini
| Brian Shultz
}}
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list
| Ken Babcock ([[CEO]])
| Dan Giovacchini (COO)
}}
| products = Tango
| num_employees = 40
| website = {{URL|tango.ai}}
}}

'''Tango Technology, Inc.''', commonly known as '''Tango''', is an American [[software industry|software company]] that develops a [[digital adoption platform]] for documenting, guiding and automating browser-based workplace processes.<ref name="Wheatley2021">{{cite web
| title = Tango gets $5.7M seed funding to automate creation of process documentation
| url = https://siliconangle.com/2021/08/24/tango-gets-5-7m-seed-funding-automate-creation-process-documentation/
| website = SiliconANGLE
| author = Mike Wheatley
| date = August 24, 2021
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref><ref name="Jayaraman2026">{{cite web
| title = 5 Best Digital Adoption Platforms I'd Pick in 2026
| url = https://learn.g2.com/best-digital-adoption-platform
| website = G2
| author = Soundarya Jayaraman
| date = April 29, 2026
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref> Its software records actions performed in [[web application]]s and converts them into editable step-by-step guides containing [[screenshot]]s and descriptions.<ref name="Cook2021">{{cite web
| title = Tango Raises $5.7M to Solve Companies' Productivity Problems
| url = https://dot.la/tango-workplace-productivity-2654780443.html
| website = dot.LA
| author = Caitlin Cook
| date = August 24, 2021
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref>

The company was founded in 2020 by Ken Babcock, Dan Giovacchini and Brian Shultz.<ref name="Hall2021">{{cite web
| title = Tango dances in with $5.7M, making employee onboarding easier
| url = https://techcrunch.com/2021/08/24/tango-dances-in-with-5-7m-to-making-employee-onboarding-easier/
| website = TechCrunch
| author = Christine Hall
| date = August 24, 2021
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref> Tango publicly launched its [[browser extension]] in September 2021.<ref name="Poyar2023">{{cite web
| title = From 0 to 200k users in 14 months
| url = https://www.growthunhinged.com/p/from-0-to-200k-users-in-14-months
| website = Growth Unhinged
| author = Kyle Poyar
| date = January 4, 2023
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref> In April 2025, the company launched an [[artificial intelligence]] service for automating parts of browser-based [[workflow]]s.<ref name="Dotson2025">{{cite web
| title = Tango releases AI-powered automation for browser-based workflows
| url = https://siliconangle.com/2025/04/16/tango-releases-ai-powered-automation-browser-based-workflows/
| website = SiliconANGLE
| author = Kyt Dotson
| date = April 16, 2025
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref>

== History ==
Tango was founded in 2020 by Ken Babcock, Dan Giovacchini and Brian Shultz, who left [[Harvard Business School]] to develop the company. Its initial product was a browser extension that recorded users' workflows and generated step-by-step documentation with screenshots.<ref name="Hall2021" /><ref name="Cook2021" />

Before its public launch in 2021, Tango tested the extension with pilot customers.<ref name="Hall2021" /><ref name="Poyar2023" /> At the time, the product focused on employee training, particularly for customer-support and sales teams, rather than workflow automation.<ref name="Wheatley2021" /> In August 2021, after initially being financed by its founders, Tango announced a $5.7 million [[seed money|seed funding round]] led by [[Wing Venture Capital]].<ref name="Hall2021" />

Tango publicly launched its browser extension in September 2021.<ref name="Poyar2023" /> By June 2022, the software was available as both a [[Google Chrome|Chrome]] extension and a [[application software|desktop application]]. That month, the company introduced Workspaces, a shared library in which teams could organize, edit and share recorded workflows and folders. Tango also announced a $14 million [[Series A round|Series A funding round]] led by [[Tiger Global Management]].<ref name="Brownridge2022">{{cite web
| title = Tango Pulls in $14M Series A to Build Out Its Workflow Intelligence Solution
| url = https://www.builtinla.com/articles/tango-raises-14m-series-a-hiring
| website = Built In Los Angeles
| author = Ashley Brownridge
| date = June 15, 2022
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026}}</ref>

In April 2025, Tango launched an artificial intelligence service that expanded the platform beyond workflow documentation to include automation of browser-based tasks.<ref name="Dotson2025" />

== Software ==
Tango uses a Chrome extension to record the steps performed by a user in a web-based application. It captures individual actions and screenshots, adds action labels and generates a step-by-step guide.<ref name="Jayaraman2026" /> Generated guides can be edited, shared through a link, exported as a [[PDF]] or embedded in [[web page|webpages]] and [[wiki]]s.<ref name="Cook2021" /><ref name="Jayaraman2026" />

Tango's "Guide Me" mode presents a generated guide as an interactive overlay within a web application while the user performs the documented task.<ref name="Jayaraman2026" /> Its automation service can perform selected steps in browser-based workflows. The service accepts workflow rules written in [[natural language]] and allows individual steps to be designated for either automated or manual completion.<ref name="Dotson2025" />

== Reception ==
In 2022, Tango was named a [[Webby Awards]] honoree in the Apps and Software: Productivity, Financial Services & Banking category.<ref name="Webby2022">{{cite web
| title = Tango - create documentation in seconds
| url = https://winners.webbyawards.com/2022/apps-software/general-apps/productivity-financial-services-banking/218200/tango-create-documentation-in-seconds
| website = The Webby Awards
| date = 2022
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026
}}</ref> [[Google]] also included the Tango extension in its list of favorite Chrome extensions of 2022.<ref name="Google2022">{{cite web
| title = Our favorite Chrome extensions of 2022
| url = https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/chrome/our-favorite-chrome-extensions-of-2022/
| website = Google
| author = Hafsah Ismail
| date = December 14, 2022
| language = en
| access-date = September 18, 2026
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.tango.ai/}}

[[Category:American companies established in 2020]]
[[Category:Business software companies]]
[[Category:Google Chrome extensions]]
[[Category:Software companies established in 2020]]
[[Category:Workflow applications]]

Archive:Aster (cryptocurrency exchange)

2026-09-29T07:51:11Z

Waza: 50 revisions imported: Import with full history

{{Short description|Decentralized cryptocurrency derivatives exchange}}


{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Aster (cryptocurrency exchange)|timestamp=20260918155013|year=2026|month=September|day=18|substed=yes}}



{{Infobox company
| name = Aster
| image = Aster cryptocurrency exchange logo.svg
| former_name = Astherus
| type = Private
| industry = Financial technology
| founded = 2025
| hq_location = Hong Kong
| products = Decentralized exchange, perpetual futures, cryptocurrency trading
| website = {{URL|https://www.asterdex.com}}
}}

'''Aster''' is a [[Decentralized finance|decentralized]] cryptocurrency exchange and derivatives platform focused on perpetual futures trading.<ref name="PitchBook">{{cite web |title=Aster DEX Overview |url=https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/1080729-01 |website=PitchBook |access-date=9 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="21Shares">{{cite web |last=AbdelMawla |first=Karim |title=The perpetual DEX wars: Hyperliquid, Aster, and Lighter in focus |url=https://www.21shares.com/en-row/insights/the-perpetual-dex-wars-hyperliquid-aster-and-lighter-in-focus |website=21Shares |date=6 October 2025 |access-date=9 May 2026}}</ref> The platform supports [[perpetual futures]] trading and other digital asset trading services.<ref name="PitchBook" />

== History ==
In March 2025, Astherus relaunched under the Aster brand following its merger with APX Finance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lin |first=Mark |title=生息抵押品革命：Aster 如何用資本效率與 1001 倍槓桿挑戰 Hyperliquid？ |url=https://www.markreadfintech.com/p/aster-1001-hyperliquid |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.markreadfintech.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grenade |date=2026-01-07 |title=Aster 幣空投完整教學 2026｜Perp DEX 玩法、Token 發行與獎勵領取 |url=https://grenade.tw/blog/aster-perp-dex-airdrop/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref name="PitchBook" /> In September 2025, [[Binance]] founder [[Changpeng Zhao]] stated that several former Binance employees were involved in Aster.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 September 2025 |title=趙長鵬澄清與 Aster 僅有「有限關聯」，稱其「競爭但助力 BNB」 |url=https://blockcast.it/2025/09/28/cz-confirms-aster-team-includes-former-binance-employees/ |access-date=9 May 2026 |website=區塊客 Blockcast |language=zh-Hant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTWZI8u9f2s |title=Binance Founder CZ on Memecoins, Aster, BNB vs SOL and More {{!}} TG Podcast |date=2025-10-10 |last=threadguy |access-date=2026-05-09 |via=YouTube}}</ref> The same month, Aster launched its native ASTER token through a token generation event (TGE).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-16 |title=去中心化永續合約交易所Aster明(17)日TGE，同步開放$ASTER空投 |url=https://www.blocktempo.com/aster-airdrop-set-to-launch/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=動區動趨-最具影響力的區塊鏈新聞媒體 |language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=《比特幣衝破11萬美元後，誰是下一個 Hyperliquid？》 |url=https://www.rbc.ru/crypto/news/68d10f009a794777ac3bd446 |access-date=9 May 2026 |website=РБК Крипто |publisher=RBC |language=ru}}</ref> In November 2025, Zhao disclosed that he had personally purchased more than two million ASTER tokens using his own funds.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 November 2025 |title=趙長鵬自曝「買進 209 萬枚」！$ASTER 飆逾 20% 引爆市場熱情 |url=https://blockcast.it/2025/11/03/aster-zooms-20-as-cz-purchases-2m-tokens/ |access-date=9 May 2026 |website=區塊客 Blockcast |language=zh-Hant}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=4 November 2025 |title=CZ’s Aster Trade Backfires: Binance Founder Quips He Might Be Crypto’s Unlucky Charm |url=https://www.ccn.com/news/crypto/cz-cryptos-unlucky-charm-aster-retraces-all-gains/ |access-date=9 May 2026 |website=CCN}}</ref>

== Platform ==
The platform operates across multiple blockchain networks and offers both a simplified high-leverage trading mode and a professional trading interface based on a central-limit-order-book system.<ref name="21Shares" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3IAeQiHtjM |title=Aster Founder Leonard on Balancing Transparency and Privacy in Next Gen Perp DEXs |date=2025-10-23 |last=The Block |access-date=2026-05-09 |via=YouTube}}</ref> In February 2026, the platform was ranked among the largest decentralized exchanges by trading volume.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-25 |title=主流永续合约去中心化交易所一覽：Aster 交易量回落明顯，Hyperliquid 交易量波動較小 {{!}} 鉅亨網 - 快訊 |url=https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/6353107 |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=news.cnyes.com |language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=安菲 |date=2025-12-30 |title=研究：鏈上永續期貨突破月度 1 兆美元大關，迎來 DeFi 可組合性爆發 |url=https://blockcast.it/2025/12/30/onchain-perpetual-futures-smash-1-trillion-monthly-mark-poised-for-defi-composability-boom/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114173842/https://blockcast.it/2025/12/30/onchain-perpetual-futures-smash-1-trillion-monthly-mark-poised-for-defi-composability-boom/ |archive-date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-05-09 |work=區塊客 |language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=解讀Aster協議：一個新興的去中心化永續合約平台 |url=https://www.osl.com/hk/bits/article/understanding-the-aster-protocol-an-emerging-decentralized-perpetual-contracts-platform |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=www.osl.com}}</ref> The decentralized exchange later expanded its offerings to include perpetual futures contracts linked to U.S. equities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-05 |title=Aster 是什麼？CZ 力挺、下一個超越 Hyperliquid 潛力新星 |url=https://murmurcats.com/aster/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=呢喃貓商學院Murmurcats |language=zh-TW}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-29 |title=Aster 幣價暴漲後CEO Leonard首次專訪：回購策略將更靈活，最大競爭對手是幣安 |url=https://www.blocktempo.com/aster-token-surge-first-interview-flexible-buyback-major-competitor-binance/ |access-date=2026-05-09 |website=動區動趨-最具影響力的區塊鏈新聞媒體 |language=zh-TW}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Cryptocurrencies}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aster}}
[[Category:Cryptocurrency exchanges]]
[[Category:Decentralized finance]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 2024]]
[[Category:Companies of Hong Kong]]

Archive:CURE Auto Insurance

2026-09-29T07:50:47Z

Waza: 10 revisions imported: Import with full history

{{Short description|American insurance company}}

{{AfDM|page=CURE Auto Insurance (2nd nomination)|year=2026|month=September|day=27|substed=yes|origtag=afdx|help=off}}

{{Orphan|date=May 2026}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox company
| name = CURE Auto Insurance
| logo =
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| industry = [[Insurance]]
| founded = 1990
| founder = {{ubl|James J. Sheeran|Lena Chang}}
| hq_location = [[Princeton, New Jersey]], [[United States]]
| area_served = [[Michigan]], [[New Jersey]], [[Pennsylvania]]
| key_people = Eric Poe ([[CEO]])
| services = [[Automobile insurance]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.cure.com|cure.com}}
}}

'''CURE (Citizens United Reciprocal Exchange) Auto Insurance''' is an American automobile insurance company headquartered in [[Princeton, New Jersey]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeGrassa |first=Peg |date=2021-02-28 |title=From Delco to Super Bowl, local creative team commands attention |url=https://www.delcotimes.com/2021/02/28/from-delco-to-super-bowl-local-creative-team-commands-attention/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=Delco Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CURE Auto Insurance, Princeton, New Jersey |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/cure-auto-insurance/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=FORBES}}</ref>

== History ==
CURE Auto Insurance was founded in 1990 by former New Jersey [[insurance commissioner]] James J. Sheeran and insurance expert Lena Chang.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sullivan |first=Joseph F. |date=1989-11-19 |title=Plan Announced to Cut Auto Insurance Rates |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/19/nyregion/plan-announced-to-cut-auto-insurance-rates.html |access-date=2026-02-07 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Keenan |first=Tim |date=2021-07-02 |title=CURE Auto Insurance Launches in Michigan |url=https://www.dbusiness.com/daily-news/cure-auto-insurance-launches-in-michigan/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=DBusiness Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> The company is a [[Not-for-profit organization|not-for-profit]] [[Reciprocal inter-insurance exchange|reciprocal exchange]] that relies primarily on driving records for underwriting, rather than factors such as [[credit score]]s, education, or occupation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reindl |first=J. C. |title=New Michigan auto insurer doesn't use credit scores, charges lower rates |url=https://www.freep.com/story/money/business/2021/07/09/michigan-cure-auto-insurance-credit-scores/7880516002/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=Detroit Free Press |language=en-US}}</ref>

For its first 19 years, the company operated exclusively in New Jersey, before expanding its operations to [[Pennsylvania]] in December 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mastrull |first=Diane |date=2008-12-03 |title=New car insurer in Pa. denounces 'unfair' practices |url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/business/20081203_New_car_insurer_in_Pa__denounces__unfair__practices.html |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=The Philadelphia Inquirer |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2008-12-03|title=New Car Insurer in Pa. Denounces 'Unfair' Practices|url=https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/local/new-car-insurer-in-pa-denounces-unfair-practices/1847234/|access-date=2026-02-07|website=NBC10 Philadelphia|language=en-US}}</ref> The company entered the [[Michigan]] market in July 2021 following changes to Michigan's [[no-fault insurance]] laws and opened its first Michigan office in [[Detroit]] in August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Or |first=Mary |date=2022-07-05 |title=CURE celebrates one year in Michigan and success of no-fault reforms |url=https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/us/news/breaking-news/cure-celebrates-one-year-in-michigan-and-success-of-nofault-reforms-412012.aspx |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=www.insurancebusinessmag.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Duffy |first=Mike |last2=Saunders |first2=Kent |date=2023-08-30 |title=Many say opening of CURE Auto Insurance's new Detroit office gives insurance equity to policyholders |url=https://www.wxyz.com/news/community-connection/many-say-opening-of-cure-auto-insurances-new-detroit-office-gives-insurance-equity-to-policyholders |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=WXYZ (Detroit) |language=en}}</ref>

== Advertising campaigns ==
CURE Auto Insurance has produced several [[Super Bowl]] advertisements. In 2015, the company aired a Super Bowl advertisement titled ''“Deflated Balls”'' which referenced the [[Deflategate]] controversy.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-02-15 |title=Video Super Bowl Ad: Cure Auto Insurance |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/video/super-bowl-ad-cure-auto-insurance-28650961 |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huetter |first=John |date=2015-02-02 |title=Auto insurers raise controversy with Super Bowl ads |url=https://www.repairerdrivennews.com/2015/02/02/auto-insurers-raise-controversy-with-super-bowl-ads/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=Repairer Driven News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Blidner |first=Rachelle |date=2015-01-30 |title=NBC pulls auto insurance Super Bowl ads over 'blue balls' joke: insurer CEO |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2015/01/30/nbc-pulls-auto-insurance-super-bowl-ads-over-blue-balls-joke-insurer-ceo/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=New York Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2016, CURE aired commercials that used suggestive humor, including scenes set in a restroom and at a pool.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016-01-07 |title=US Auto Insurer Creates Awkward Urinal Scene And Poolside Winking For Super Bowl Spot |url=https://www.bandt.com.au/us-auto-insurer-creates-awkward-urinal-scene-and-poolside-winking-for-super-bowl-spot/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=B&T |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2018, the company produced regional Super Bowl advertisements that referenced rival teams and players.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pizzutillo |first=Rich |date=2018-02-05 |title=For Cure Auto, Super Bowl ads create buzz, business |url=https://www.roi-nj.com/2018/02/05/lifestyle/cure-auto-insurance-right-super-bowl-mecca-advertising/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=ROI-NJ |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McCrone |first=Brian X. |date=2018-02-02 |title=Philly Businesses Grab the Spotlight During Super Bowl LII |url=https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/sports/nfl/philadelphia-eagles/4-locally-produced-commercials-that-ran-during-super-bowl-lii/181186/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=NBC10 Philadelphia |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2019, a Super Bowl advertisement referenced [[Philadelphia Eagles]] quarterback [[Nick Foles]] through the slogan ''“Big D*'' Nick.”<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-23 |title=CURE Auto Insurance rolls out audacious Big D*** Nick Foles commercial |url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/cure-auto-insurance-big-dick-nick-foles-commercial/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=PhillyVoice |language=english}}</ref>

In 2021, a CURE Super Bowl advertisement was criticized for [[Minimisation (psychology)|trivializing]] [[workplace harassment]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Millado |first=Rob Bailey |date=2021-02-08 |title=Cure Auto Insurance's 'Whip it Out' Super Bowl ad slammed as offensive |url=https://nypost.com/2021/02/08/cure-auto-insurances-whip-it-out-super-bowl-ad-slammed-as-offensive/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=[[New York Post]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2025, CURE featured Philadelphia Eagles star [[Saquon Barkley]] in a Super Bowl advertisement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bergeron |first=Tom |date=2025-02-10 |title=Super Saquon ad buy: How CURE Auto Insurance landed Barkley for this year's spot |url=https://www.roi-nj.com/2025/02/10/finance/super-saquon-ad-buy-how-cure-auto-insurance-landed-barkley-for-this-years-spot/ |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=ROI-NJ |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stallone |first=Michael |date=2025-02-07 |title=2025 Super Bowl ads for New Yorkers: Victor Cruz, Saquon Barkley and more |url=https://www.fox5ny.com/news/nyc-super-bowl-commercials-victor-cruz-saquon-barkley |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=FOX 5 NY |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.cure.com Official website]

[[Category:1990 establishments in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Insurance companies of the United States]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1990]]
[[Category:Companies based in Princeton, New Jersey]]

Archive:Franchising Company

2026-09-29T07:50:27Z

Waza: 13 revisions imported: Import with full history

{{Short description|Argentine franchising consultancy}}


{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Franchising Company|timestamp=20260919224935|year=2026|month=September|day=19|substed=yes}}



{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Franchising Company S.R.L.
| type = [[Sociedad de responsabilidad limitada]]
| industry = [[Franchising]], [[consulting]], [[brand licensing]]
| founded = {{start date and age|2010|06|29|df=yes}}
| hq_location = Palermo Soho
| hq_location_city = [[Buenos Aires]]
| hq_location_country = Argentina
| key_people = Marcelo Schijman Fabián Slisaransky Fernanda Núñez
| website = {{URL|https://www.franchising-company.com/}}
}}
The '''Franchising Company S.R.L.''' is an Argentine consultancy based in [[Buenos Aires]] that works in the development, commercialization and legal structuring of [[franchising|franchises]] and brand licences.<ref name="GAF-profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.gaf-franquicias.com/fichaConsultora/Franchising-Company-%7C-Desarrollo-de-Franquicias/ |title=Franchising Company {{!}} Desarrollo de Franquicias |website=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="GAF-profile-ar">{{cite web |url=https://www.gaf-franquicias.com.ar/fichaConsultora/Franchising-Company-%7C-Desarrollo-de-Franquicias/ |title=Franchising Company {{!}} Desarrollo de Franquicias |website=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="Official">{{cite web |url=https://www.franchising-company.com/ |title=Franchising Company SRL - Desarrollo de franquicias en Argentina |website=Franchising Company |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="AAMF-consultores">{{cite web |url=https://aamf.com.ar/socios/consultores/ |title=Catálogo de Socios Consultores de la AAMF |website=Asociación Argentina de Marcas y Franquicias |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref> The company operates within the Argentine franchise market, a sector described by the [[International Trade Administration]] of the United States Department of Commerce as part of the country's retail and services landscape.<ref name="ITA">{{cite web |url=https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/argentina-franchising |title=Argentina Franchising |website=International Trade Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce |date=20 November 2025 |language=en |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesConsolidacion2026">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesargentina.com/negocios/el-sistema-franquicias-apuesta-consolidacion-preven-4000-nuevos-locales-desembarco-200-marcas-2026-n83850 |title=El sistema de franquicias apuesta a la consolidación: prevén 4.000 nuevos locales y el desembarco de 200 marcas en 2026 |work=Forbes Argentina |date=25 December 2025 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="CronistaFranquicias2023">{{cite news |url=https://www.cronista.com/pyme/herramientas/la-industria-de-las-franquicias-crece-por-encima-de-los-dos-digitos/ |title=La industria de las franquicias crece por encima de los dos dígitos |last=Longo |first=Karina |work=El Cronista |date=2 January 2023 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="AmbitoOportunidades2023">{{cite news |url=https://www.ambito.com/ambito-biz/el-ano-las-oportunidades-n5679539 |title=El año de las oportunidades |last=Rodríguez Freire |first=Joaquín |work=Ámbito Financiero |date=22 March 2023 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesRefugio2026">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesargentina.com/negocios/inversion-o-puesto-trabajo-doble-efecto-refugio-franquicias-ano-reconfiguracion-n87987 |title=¿Inversión o puesto de trabajo? El doble "efecto refugio" de las franquicias en un año de reconfiguración |last=Longo |first=Karina |work=Forbes Argentina |date=20 March 2026 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesInnovacion2025">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesargentina.com/negocios/innovacion-aplicada-5-nuevos-negocios-redefinen-escalabilidad-sello-argentino-n79929 |title=Innovación aplicada: 5 nuevos negocios que redefinen la escalabilidad con sello argentino |last=Longo |first=Karina |work=Forbes Argentina |date=16 October 2025 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref>

== History ==

Franchising Company had been constituted in June 2001 in Buenos Aires, with a corporate purpose covering franchise advisory services, franchise commercialization, and the development and commercialization of brand licences.<ref name="BORA">{{cite web |url=https://www.dateas.com/es/bora/2010/07/08/franchising-company-srl-233780 |title=FRANCHISING COMPANY S.R.L. - 08/07/2010 |website=Dateas |publisher=Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina |date=8 July 2010 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref>

Marcelo Schijman and Fabián Slisaransky are the directors of the consultancy.<ref name="GAF-profile" /><ref name="GAF-profile-ar" /> The company website lists Schijman as founding partner and Slisaransky as director of the legal area; Fernanda Núñez is listed as general manager for franchise development.<ref name="Official" />

By the mid-2020s, the Franchising Company has more than two decades of activity and hundreds of brands developed as franchises or licences.<ref name="GAF-profile" /><ref name="GAF-profile-ar" /><ref name="InfoArgentum">{{cite news |url=https://infoargentum.com/empresas-destacadas/franchising-company.html |title=Franchising Company SRL: 25 años convirtiendo negocios en franquicias |work=Info Argentum |date=27 April 2026 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="AAMF-consultores" /> The company's own client list includes brands in gastronomy, fashion, retail, services, beauty, health and training, among them Lucciano's, Guolis, Mi Gusto, Arredo, Colombraro, Lidherma, [[Quiksilver]], Reef, Montagne and Portsaid.<ref name="Official" /><ref name="LaNacion2006">{{cite news |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/propiedades/inmuebles-comerciales/base-de-datos-nid841084/ |title=Base de datos |work=La Nación |date=18 September 2006 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref>

== Activity ==

Franchising Company advises businesses seeking to expand through franchise or licence models.<ref name="GAF-profile" /><ref name="Official" /><ref name="AAMF-consultores" /><ref name="InfoNegociosImagoToi">{{cite news |url=https://infonegocios.info/jesus-maria/el-mundo-de-las-nineras-y-cuidadoras-tiene-imagotoi-una-franquicia-nacida-en-jesus-maria-que-ya-opera-en-buenos-aires-y-neuquen |title=El mundo de las niñeras y cuidadoras tiene ImagoToi, una franquicia nacida en Jesús María que ya opera en Buenos Aires y Neuquén |last=Ponce |first=María Rosa |work=InfoNegocios |date=15 July 2022 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref> Its services include the definition of business models, franchise formats, investment projections, commercial dossiers, legal documentation and operating manuals.<ref name="Official" /> The firm also lists services connected with franchise granting, brand licensing, trademark registration, legal documentation and retail marketing.<ref name="Official" />

In 2021, Marcelo Schijman and Fabián Slisaransky participated in an English-language foreign trade training programme organized by investBA and Santander. The programme listed them as speakers from Franchising Company for a session on marketing, trademark registration and international positioning.<ref name="InvestBA">{{cite web |url=https://investba.buenosaires.gob.ar/en/List/view/ExportaCapacitacionPresencial/46 |title=Talks on Foreign Trade |website=investBA |publisher=Buenos Aires City Government |date=28 October 2021 |language=en |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref>

Schijman has also been quoted in Argentine business media on franchise-market conditions, including the entry of foreign brands into Argentina, the international expansion of Argentine franchise brands and changes in franchise formats.<ref name="ForbesForeign">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesargentina.com/negocios/las-marcas-extranjeras-estarian-mirando-la-argentina-cuales-son-cuando-llegarian-n69525 |title=Las marcas extranjeras que estarían mirando la Argentina: cuáles son y cuándo llegarían |work=Forbes Argentina |date=24 March 2025 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberglinea.com/latinoamerica/argentina/decathlon-a-la-argentina-cuales-son-las-marcas-que-llegan-al-pais-y-por-que/ |title=Decathlon a la Argentina: cuáles son las marcas que llegan al país y por qué |last=Espina |first=Mariano |work=Bloomberg Línea |date=28 January 2025 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesExpansion">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesargentina.com/negocios/destinos-internacionales-receptivos-franquicias-argentinas-cuales-son-como-conquistarlos-n70913 |title=Destinos internacionales receptivos a las franquicias argentinas: cuáles son y cómo conquistarlos |work=Forbes Argentina |date=19 April 2025 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="LaNacion2012">{{cite news |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/economia/como-subirse-a-un-negocio-rentable-nid1516807/ |title=Cómo subirse a un negocio rentable |last=Scarpinelli |first=Luján |work=La Nación |date=14 October 2012 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="Ambito2024">{{cite news |url=https://www.ambito.com/negocios/franquicias-que-deben-hacer-las-empresas-lograr-una-experiencia-exitosa-segun-los-consejos-seis-expertos-n6022883 |title=Franquicias: qué deben hacer las empresas para lograr una experiencia exitosa, según los consejos de seis expertos |last=Velázquez |first=Jorge |work=Ámbito Financiero |date=28 June 2024 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="IProfesional2008">{{cite news |url=https://www.iprofesional.com/comex/61554-cuales-son-las-claves-para-vender-franquicias-en-el-exterior |title=Cuáles son las claves para vender franquicias en el exterior |work=iProfesional |date=12 February 2008 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="CronistaFranquiciar2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.cronista.com/pymes/decidirse-a-franquiciar/ |title=Decidirse a franquiciar |last=Mafud |first=Laura |work=El Cronista |date=18 April 2013 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesLatam2024">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesargentina.com/negocios/franquicias-america-latina-rubros-mas-demandados-buscan-inversores-rol-ia-sector-n56046 |title=Franquicias en América Latina: los rubros más demandados, qué buscan los inversores y el rol de la IA en el sector |last=Longo |first=Karina |work=Forbes Argentina |date=16 July 2024 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesUruguayLatam2024">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesuruguay.com/negocios/franquicias-america-latina-rubros-mas-demandados-buscan-inversores-rol-ia-sector-n56049/amp |title=Franquicias en América Latina: los rubros más demandados, qué buscan los inversores y el rol de la IA en el sector |last=Longo |first=Karina |work=Forbes Uruguay |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="HistoriasInspiran2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.historiasqueinspiran.com.ar/se-puede-franquiciar-cualquier-servicio/ |title=¿Se puede franquiciar cualquier servicio? |website=Historias que inspiran |date=10 May 2019 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ForbesConsolidacion2026" /><ref name="ForbesRefugio2026" /><ref name="AmbitoOportunidades2023" />

== Franchising Trends ==

Franchising Company organizes ''Franchising Trends'', an event focused on the Argentine franchise sector.<ref name="GAF-profile" /><ref name="FT2024">{{cite web |url=https://www.franchising-company.com/novedad/40/franchising-trends-2024-la-18-edicin-redefine-el-futuro-de-las-franquicias-en-argentina/ |title=Franchising Trends 2024: la 18° edición redefine el futuro de las franquicias en Argentina |website=Franchising Company |date=26 November 2024 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="ComafiFT">{{cite web |url=https://www.comafi.com.ar/Premian-a-Banco-Comafi-en-Franchising-Trend-1833.note.aspx |title=Premian a Banco Comafi en Franchising Trend |website=Banco Comafi |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="GAFDistinguidaFT">{{cite web |url=https://www.gaf-franquicias.com/noticia/la-guia-argentina-de-franquicias-distinguida-en-el-franchising-trends-181 |title=La Guía Argentina de Franquicias distinguida en el Franchising Trends |website=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="FECOBAFT18">{{cite web |url=https://fecoba.org.ar/franchising-trends-18-edicion/ |title=Franchising Trends 18° edición |website=Federación de Comercio e Industria de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref> The Guía Argentina de Franquicias profile of the company describes the event as a press event that had reached eighteen editions by the mid-2020s.<ref name="GAF-profile" />

The 2024 edition was held on 26 November at Torre Macro in [[Puerto Madero]], Buenos Aires, and was presented by journalist Javier Fabracci.<ref name="FT2024" /><ref name="FECOBAFT18" /> According to the company's account of the event, participants included businesspeople, representatives of franchise brands and figures connected with the sector.<ref name="FT2024" />

In 2025, Banco Macro hosted a Franchising Trends meeting focused on networking, digital communication and franchise-sector trends.<ref name="Ambito2025">{{cite news |url=https://www.ambito.com/negocios/banco-macro-fue-sede-un-debate-las-nuevas-tendencias-franquicias-y-premio-las-mas-destacadas-n6186241 |title=Banco Macro fue sede de un debate sobre las nuevas tendencias en franquicias y premió a las más destacadas |work=Ámbito Financiero |date=3 September 2025 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="NoticiasD2025">{{cite news |url=https://noticiasd.com/nota/franchising-trends-con-gran-convocatoria-se-realizo-la-cuarta-edicion-del-evento-de-franquicias-1008479 |title=Franchising Trends 2025: con gran convocatoria se realizó la cuarta edición del evento de franquicias |work=Noticias d |date=3 September 2025 |language=es |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref> The event included recognitions for brands such as Bagels & Bagels, Café Martínez, Crosta Pizza, Guolis, Lidherma, Lucciano's and The Coffee Store, among others.<ref name="Ambito2025" /><ref name="GAF2025">{{cite web |url=https://www.gaf-franquicias.com/noticia/franchising-trends-2025-networking-premios-y-datos-del-sector-3499 |title=Franchising Trends 2025: networking, premios y datos del sector |website=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |date=4 September 2025 |language=es |access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="NoticiasD2025" />

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2026, Franchising Company received the ''Premio Mercurio'' (Mercury Prize) for marketing excellence in the SME Consulting category, awarded by the [[Argentine Marketing Association]].<ref name="GAFconsultora">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gaf-franquicias.com/fichaConsultora/Franchising-Company-%7C-Desarrollo-de-Franquicias/ |title=Franchising Company – Desarrollo de Franquicias |publisher=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |access-date=April 27, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://infoargentum.com/empresas-destacadas/franchising-company.html |title=Franchising Company SRL: 25 años convirtiendo negocios en franquicias |date=April 27, 2026 |work=Info Argentum |access-date=April 27, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://aam.com.ar/ganadores.html |title=Ganadores del Premio Mercurio |publisher=Asociación Argentina de Marketing |access-date=April 27, 2026}}</ref> The firm had been a finalist for the same award in 2008.<ref name="GAFconsultora" />

That same year, at the tenth-anniversary event of the Guía Argentina de Franquicias, the company was among the consultants and providers recognized for their role in developing that industry publication.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gaf-franquicias.com/noticia/el-franchising-argentino-celebro-10-anos-de-la-gaf-3667 |title=El franchising argentino celebró 10 años de la GAF |publisher=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |date=March 20, 2026 |access-date=April 27, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdPDBFLDtpg |title=Celebración por los 10 años de la Guía Argentina de Franquicias |publisher=Guía Argentina de Franquicias |access-date=April 27, 2026}}</ref>

The company has also received the ''Dale Carnegie Maximum Merit Award'' and a distinction from the Argentine Association of Brands and Franchises for ethics, commitment, professionalism, and equity.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://infoargentum.com/empresas-destacadas/franchising-company.html |title=Franchising Company SRL: 24 años convirtiendo negocios en franquicias desde Palermo |date=April 27, 2026 |work=Info Argentum |access-date=April 27, 2026}}</ref>

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website|https://www.franchising-company.com/}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Franchising Company}}
[[Category:Companies based in Buenos Aires]]
[[Category:Privately held companies of Argentina]]
[[Category:Service companies of Argentina]]
[[Category:Franchising]]
[[Category:Argentine companies established in 2010]]

Archive:Space Capital

2026-09-29T07:49:59Z

Waza: 125 revisions imported: Import with full history

{{Short description|American early-stage venture capital firm}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Space Capital|timestamp=20260923203452|year=2026|month=September|day=23|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{UPE|date=September 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Space Capital
| logo = File:Space Capital Logo.png
| type = Private
| industry = [[Venture Capital]]
| fate =
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| founded = 2012
| founder = Chad Anderson
| defunct = 
| hq_location_city = [[New York City|New York]]
| hq_location_country = United States
| area_served = 
| key_people = Chad Anderson, Tom Ingersoll, Justus Kilian<ref>{{cite web |title=Form D: Space Capital IV L.P. |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |date=February 26, 2026 |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2097734/000209773426000001/0002097734-26-000001-index.htm}}</ref>
| products = [[Investments]]
| owner = 
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = 
| parent =
| website = {{URL|www.spacecapital.com}}
}}

'''Space Capital LP''' is an early-stage venture capital firm that invests exclusively in [[Space technologies|space-based technologies]].<ref name="satellite 2020">{{cite web|author=Rachel Jewett|url=https://www.satellitetoday.com/business/2020/05/05/space-angels-rebrands-as-space-capital/|title=Space Angels Rebrands as Space Capital |work=Satellite Today|date=May 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-space-capital-podcast/id1281847844|title = The Space Capital Podcast on Apple Podcasts| date=April 18, 2023 }}</ref> Formed in 2012, it is based in New York City. Originally known as Space Angels, it adopted the Space Capital name in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jewett |first=Rachel |title=Space Angels Rebrands as Space Capital |work=Via Satellite |date=May 5, 2020 |url=https://www.satellitetoday.com/business/2020/05/05/space-angels-rebrands-as-space-capital/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Form ADV – Space Capital |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (Investment Adviser Public Disclosure) |date=March 23, 2026 |url=https://adviserinfo.sec.gov/firm/summary/287867 |id=CRD No. 287867}}</ref>

==History==
Originally founded in 2007 as an angel investor network, the firm's scale was limited by its informal structure.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Space Angels, Multiple Equilibria, and Financing the Space Economy - Case - Faculty & Research - Harvard Business School |url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=55897 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=www.hbs.edu}}</ref> In 2012, Chad Anderson became CEO and by 2015 transitioned Space Angels away from the decentralized investing model typical of angel networks.<ref name=":1" /> In 2015, Anderson re-founded the company and launched its first [[Special-purpose entity|special purpose vehicle (SPV)]] fund.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Segran |first=Elizabeth |date=2017-01-01 |title=Four Out-Of-This-World Predictions For The Space Industry In 2017 |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3066520/four-out-of-this-world-predictions-for-the-space-industry-in-2017 |website=Fast Company}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jao |first=Carren |date=2014-10-16 |title=Meet the Entrepreneurs at the Forefront of the Space Race |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/living/meet-the-entrepreneurs-at-the-forefront-of-the-space-race/237409 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en}}</ref>

In 2017, Space Capital<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom Ingersoll Joins Space Capital Partners, Which Is Targeting $50m For First Venture Fund {{!}} Investment News {{!}} Trusted Insight |url=https://www.thetrustedinsight.com/investment-news/tom-ingersoll-joins-space-capital-partners-which-is-targeting-50m-for-first-venture-fund-20171120627/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=www.thetrustedinsight.com |language=en-US}}{{dead link|date=August 2026}}</ref> launched its first institutional [[venture capital]] fund of $16 million, with Tom Ingersoll joining as partner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Space Economy: Capitalize on the Greatest Business Opportunity of Our Lifetime {{!}} Wiley |url=https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Space+Economy%3A+Capitalize+on+the+Greatest+Business+Opportunity+of+Our+Lifetime-p-9781119903727 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Wiley.com |language=en-us}}</ref> By 2024, the firm had grown to three funds and over $100 million under management.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Chad |date=2023-04-10 |title=Space Capital launches Fund 3 to continue investing at the intersection of space and tech |url=https://medium.com/space-capital/space-capital-launches-fund-3-to-continue-investing-at-the-intersection-of-space-and-tech-e5bdbfa56b23 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Space Capital |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dargan |first=James |date=2023-01-03 |title=Founder & Managing Partner of Space Capital Talks New Investments, Space Stocks & The Outlook for Space Ventures in 2023 |url=https://spaceimpulse.com/2023/01/03/founder-managing-partner-of-space-capital-talks-new-investments-space-stocks-the-outlook-for-space-ventures-in-2023/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Space Impulse |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Chad |date=2022-03-16 |title=Space Capital closes $32M for second institutional fund to continue investing at the intersection… |url=https://medium.com/space-capital/space-capital-closes-32m-for-second-institutional-fund-to-continue-investing-at-the-intersection-d5cd0c74832e |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Space Capital |language=en}}</ref> Their investments are focused on space-based technologies such as GPS, geospatial intelligence, and satellite communications.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheetz |first=Michael |date=2023-10-19 |title=Investing in Space: On satellites, the invisible backbone of global industry |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/10/19/investing-in-space-satellites-are-the-invisible-backbone-of-industry.html |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>

In 2020, Space Capital formalized its brand architecture with Space Capital as the parent brand and Space Angels (founded in 2007),<ref name="satellite 2020" /> an online angel investment platform, and Space Talent, a career platform and central node for space industry jobs, as its sub-brands.<ref name="businesswire1">{{cite press release|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200505005206/en/Space-Angels-Announces-Branding-Realignment-New-50|title = Space Angels Announces Branding Realignment and New $50 Million Venture Capital Fund|publisher=Businesswire|date = May 5, 2020}}</ref>

As of 2026, the firm manages over $1 billion in assets across four funds.<ref>{{cite web |title=Form ADV – Space Capital |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (Investment Adviser Public Disclosure) |date=March 23, 2026 |url=https://adviserinfo.sec.gov/firm/summary/287867 |id=CRD No. 287867}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How Nasdaq Is Supporting the Space Economy |publisher=Nasdaq |date=May 4, 2026 |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/newsroom/nasdaq-supporting-space-economy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Form D: Space Capital IV L.P. |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |date=February 26, 2026 |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2097734/000209773426000001/0002097734-26-000001-index.htm}}</ref>

== Publications ==
Space Capital began publishing a quarterly update on space startup and investment activity in 2017, which coined the 2010s as the entrepreneurial space age.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 16, 2020 |title=Space Angels' Chad Anderson on entering a new decade in the 'entrepreneurial space age' |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/16/space-angels-chad-anderson-on-entering-a-new-decade-in-the-entrepreneurial-space-age/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sheetz |first=Michael |date=November 1, 2017 |title=Space companies are receiving billions from venture backers, report says |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/01/space-angels-space-has-attracted-over-2-billion-this-year.html |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mosher |first=Dave |title=10 years ago, the world laughed at private space companies. $25.7 billion later, a new report claims we are at the 'dawn of the entrepreneurial space age.' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/space-angels-report-dawn-private-spaceflight-age-26-billion-invested-2020-1 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> The report has been cited by the [[United States Secretary of Commerce]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Remarks by Commerce Secretary Wilbur L. Ross at the Space Startup Summit |url=https://www.commerce.gov/news/speeches/2019/10/remarks-commerce-secretary-wilbur-l-ross-space-startup-summit |website=U.S. Department of Commerce}}</ref> and by the [[Vice President of the United States]] at the sixth meeting of the National Space Council.<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-08-20 |title=VP Pence participates in National Space Council meeting |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edZJDV0ULcg |accessdate=2020-06-06 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Private equity]]
*[[Venture capital]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.spacecapital.com/ Space Capital website]

[[Category:Venture capital firms of the United States]]
[[Category:Financial services companies based in New York City]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 2017]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:Privately held companies based in New York City]]

User:Idea/Later

2026-09-29T07:40:28Z

Waza: Add wave 2 items

User:Waza/Added

2026-09-29T07:39:37Z

Waza: Add wave 2 imports

= AfD pages added =

Running log of English Wikipedia Articles for Deletion candidates imported into the '''Archive:''' namespace for educational preservation (CC BY-SA). Living-person biographies are excluded.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Date (PT)
! Archive page
! Source
! Notes
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Rope pump]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope_pump en:Rope pump]
| Dry-run XML import; 121 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Radical-pair mechanism]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical-pair_mechanism en:Radical-pair mechanism]
| XML import; 19 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Discovery of Longitude at Sea Act 1774]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_Longitude_at_Sea_Act_1774 en:Discovery of Longitude at Sea Act 1774]
| XML import; 7 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Wound bed preparation]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound_bed_preparation en:Wound bed preparation]
| XML import; 115 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:History of banking in Malta]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_banking_in_Malta en:History of banking in Malta]
| XML import; 25 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Ottoman matchlock musket]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_matchlock_musket en:Ottoman matchlock musket]
| XML import; 40 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Transculturation]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transculturation en:Transculturation]
| XML import; 253 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Kaitiakitanga]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaitiakitanga en:Kaitiakitanga]
| XML import; 176 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Immigrant entrepreneurship]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigrant_entrepreneurship en:Immigrant entrepreneurship]
| XML import; 337 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:WDC 65C21]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDC_65C21 en:WDC 65C21]
| XML import; 29 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Death literacy]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_literacy en:Death literacy]
| XML import; 36 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Nothing OS]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing_OS en:Nothing OS]
| XML import; 77 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Instance dungeon]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instance_dungeon en:Instance dungeon]
| XML import; 253 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Software industry]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_industry en:Software industry]
| XML import; 539 revisions; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Meitei language in Assam]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei_language_in_Assam en:Meitei language in Assam]
| XML import; 58 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Heartburn in pregnancy]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartburn_in_pregnancy en:Heartburn in pregnancy]
| XML import; 52 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Far-right subcultures]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right_subcultures en:Far-right subcultures]
| XML import; 405 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Chaos machine]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_machine en:Chaos machine]
| XML import; 24 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Doorman fallacy]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doorman_fallacy en:Doorman fallacy]
| XML import; 23 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Helical extrusion]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helical_extrusion en:Helical extrusion]
| XML import; 13 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
|-
| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Kurukh phonology]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurukh_phonology en:Kurukh phonology]
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Foresight Linux]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresight_Linux en:Foresight Linux]
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Pop PHP Framework]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_PHP_Framework en:Pop PHP Framework]
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Adoption of the euro in Portugal]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoption_of_the_euro_in_Portugal en:Adoption of the euro in Portugal]
| XML import; 19 revisions; Main namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-28
| [[Archive:Child Care Management System]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_Care_Management_System en:Child Care Management System]
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| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Personalised external aortic root support]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalised_external_aortic_root_support en:Personalised external aortic root support]
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| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews_in_the_United_States en:Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States]
| XML import; 77 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:BengalOS]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BengalOS en:BengalOS]
| XML import; 6 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Twimight]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twimight en:Twimight]
| XML import; 39 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Ronin Institute]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronin_Institute en:Ronin Institute]
| XML import; 72 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:Political status of Ryukyu]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_status_of_Ryukyu en:Political status of Ryukyu]
| XML import; 6 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| 2026-09-29
| [[Archive:The Quantum World: From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quantum_World%3A_From_Waves_to_the_Mystery_of_Entanglement en:The Quantum World: From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement]
| XML import; 7 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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| [[Archive:Video-Enhanced Grave Marker]]
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video-Enhanced_Grave_Marker en:Video-Enhanced Grave Marker]
| XML import; 85 revisions; Archive namespace; AfD pack under wiki-afd-archive
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== Rules ==
* Default namespace: Archive:
* Prefer Special:Import (XML) for full revision history
* Skip living people / real-person bios
* Skip titles already present on IdeaWaza Main (see operator list)

Archive:Video-Enhanced Grave Marker

2026-09-29T07:38:28Z

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{{Short description|Tombstone}}
A '''Video-Enhanced Grave Marker''' ('''VEGM''') is a Western-style [[headstone|tombstone]] equipped with [[Weatherization|weatherproofed]] [[video]] playback that can be initiated by [[remote control]].

The VEGM, invented by Robert Barrows of [[San Mateo, California]], would allow its owner to record messages or have the deceased family leave messages to be played to any visitor to the site with a [[remote control]].<ref name=wsj>{{cite news|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/SB111283344036700294|title=Having a Say in Your Epitaph: The Challenge of High-Tech Tombstones|work=[[Wall Street Journal]]|date=7 April 2005|access-date=23 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=US-7089495-B2 - Patent Public Search {{!}} USPTO |url=https://ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/patents/html/7089495?source=USPAT&requestToken=eyJzdWIiOiJlMWU5MWVmNi1mZWE1LTRiNDUtOGY0MS1jOTliOTE4YTBmOTMiLCJ2ZXIiOiI4OTdjOGJhYy0yMGYzLTQwNzItODY1MS0xMjRjODYyODFhNTEiLCJleHAiOjB9 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=ppubs.uspto.gov}}</ref> The stones would be equipped with weatherproofed video playback devices plus [[computer storage]] and a [[computer monitor|monitor]] placed within a weather-proofed, hollowed-out headstone. It could also utilize coded card swiping devices like the technology used for hotel room card keys or it can operate on a credit card or coin activated device.<ref name=":0" /> {{As of|2005|alt=As of April 2005}}, Barrows estimated that the costs of the VEGMs might start at about [[US$]]8000.<ref name=wsj/>

{{US patent|7089495}} was issued on The Video Enhanced Gravemarker on August 8, 2006.<ref name=":0" /> Barrows commented soon after its invention: "I envision being able to walk through a cemetery using a remote control, clicking on graves and what all the people buried there have to say. They can say all the things they didn't have the opportunity or guts to say when they were alive."<ref name=wsj/>

To prevent [[noise pollution]], the audio can also be transmitted to [[wireless headset]]s, made available by the cemetery's office.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Burial monuments and structures]]
[[Category:Headstones]]

Archive:The Quantum World: From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement

2026-09-29T07:37:45Z

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{{Short description|2026 book by Zhian Jia}}
{{Infobox book
| name = The Quantum World: From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement
| image = The Quantum World- From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement.jpg
| caption = First edition
| author = [[Zhian Jia]]
| country = [[China]]
| language = Chinese
| subject = [[Quantum Physics]]
| publisher = [[Peking University Press]]
| pub_date = March 1, 2026
| media_type = Print ([[hardcover]] and [[paperback]])
| pages = 302
| isbn = 9787301371206
}}

'''The Quantum World: From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement''' is a book on quantum physics by [[Zhian Jia]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=中南大学 Zhian Jia |url=https://faculty.csu.edu.cn/jiazhian/en/index.htm |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=faculty.csu.edu.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=中南大学 Zhian Jia's Quantum Information and Theoretical Physics Group |url=https://team.csu.edu.cn/quantum/en/index.htm |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=team.csu.edu.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Zhian Jia in nLab |url=https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/Zhian+Jia |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=ncatlab.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cqt.sg/alumni/22928/ |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=www.cqt.sg}}</ref> published by [[Peking University Press]] in 2026.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://book.douban.com/subject/38236303/ |title=量子世界：从波动到纠缠的物理之旅 |isbn=978-7-301-37120-6 |language=zh-cmn-Hans}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2026-03-01 |title=量子世界：从波动到纠缠的物理之旅 |url=https://www.pup.cn/bookDetail?name=%25E9%2587%258F%25E5%25AD%2590%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%2595%258C%25EF%25BC%259A%25E4%25BB%258E%25E6%25B3%25A2%25E5%258A%25A8%25E5%2588%25B0%25E7%25BA%25A0%25E7%25BC%25A0%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%2589%25A9%25E7%2590%2586%25E4%25B9%258B%25E6%2597%2585&id=284d6e8760484352a90ee3597f0378b5 |url-status=live |website=北京大学出版社}}</ref>

The book gives an accessible yet rigorous account of the strange and counterintuitive realm of the very small. It talks about the historical development of [[Quantum mechanics|quantum theory]], from the [[Wave–particle duality|wave-particle]] debate over light to Planck's quantum hypothesis and Einstein's light quanta. It discusses core concepts such as the wave function, the [[measurement problem]], the [[uncertainty principle]], and the probabilistic nature of the microscopic world. It then extends the discussion to the quantum nature of time, the building blocks of matter including spin and the standard model of [[elementary particle]]s, and finally to the frontiers of [[quantum information]]: [[qubit]]s, entanglement, Bell experiments, [[quantum computing]], and [[topological order]]. The book guides readers through a complete quantum landscape, from foundational theory to cutting-edge technology, and is suitable both for students and researchers seeking to understand quantum physics and for curious readers eager to reconstruct their understanding of reality through a quantum lens.

== Contents ==
The book is organized into five parts. The first part, "The State of All Things," covers the entrance to the quantum garden through the odyssey of light, the wave-particle duality of quanta, and wave functions and quantum ripples. The second part, "The Order of Measurement," examines measurement, collapse and the uncertainty principle, the contextual nature of measurement, and the boundary between the macroscopic and microscopic worlds. The third part, "Time and Evolution," explores time in the quantum world, the uncertainty of time, and the causal order of past and future. The fourth part, "The Building Blocks of All Things," discusses quantum spin and identical particles, and elementary particles and the standard model. The fifth part, "The Mystery of Entanglement," covers quantum bits and the idea that information is physical, quantum entanglement and Bell experiments, quantum computing and complexity, and topological order and new states of matter.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

The following is table of contents:<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

Part I: The State of All Things

Chapter 1: The Entrance to the Quantum Garden: The Odyssey of Light

1.1 Optics Before the Renaissance

1.2 The Debate Between Waves and Particles

1.3 Crossing the World of Electromagnetic Waves

1.4 Blackbody Radiation and Planck's Quantum Hypothesis

Chapter 2: The Quantum: As a Particle and Also as a Wave, Thus Should It Be Viewed

2.1 Einstein's Light Quanta

2.2 Bohr's Quantized Orbits

2.3 Wave-Particle Duality

2.4 Quantum Coherence and the Double-Slit Experiment

Chapter 3: Wave Functions and Quantum Ripples

3.1 The Wave Function and the Schrödinger Equation

3.2 The Probabilistic Interpretation of the Wave Function: Born's Rule

3.3 Quantum Tunneling Effect

3.4 Phase Space and Negative Probability

3.5 The Wave Function of the Universe

Part II: The Order of Measurement

Chapter 4: Measurement, Collapse, and the Uncertainty Principle

4.1 Observables in Quantum Mechanics

4.2 Measurement and Wave Function Collapse

4.3 Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

Chapter 5: The Contextual Nature of Measurement

5.1 Context-Independent Hidden Variable Theories

5.2 The Mermin-Peres Magic Square Game

5.3 Quantum Non-Contextuality Inequalities

Chapter 6: The Boundary Between the Macroscopic and the Microscopic

6.1 Why the Macroscopic World Has No Quantum Effects

6.2 Quantum Decoherence

6.3 Quantum Darwinism

6.4 Measurement and Parallel Worlds

6.5 Schrödinger's Cat

Part III: Time and Evolution

Chapter 7: Time in the Quantum World

7.1 Newton's Absolute Space and Absolute Time

7.2 Einstein's Relativistic Space-Time

7.3 Time Evolution in Quantum Mechanics and Different Pictures

7.4 Quantization of Space-Time

Chapter 8: Uncertain Time

8.1 A Masterpiece of Quantum Timing: The Atomic Clock

8.2 The Time-Energy Uncertainty Relation

8.3 The Quantum Speed Limit

Chapter 9: Past, Future, and Causal Order

9.1 Superposition of Historical Paths and the Double-Slit Experiment

9.2 Feynman's Path Integral: Giving an Intuitive View of Quantum Processes

9.3 Wheeler's Delayed-Choice Experiment

9.4 The Quantum Eraser Experiment

9.5 Quantum Causal Models and Superposition of Causal Order

Part IV: The Building Blocks of All Things

Chapter 10: Quantum Spin and Identical Particles

10.1 The Concept of Spin

10.2 Identical Particles and Statistics

10.3 Bose-Einstein Statistics

10.4 Fermi-Dirac Statistics

Chapter 11: Elementary Particles and the Standard Model

11.1 Dividing the Material World

11.2 Atomic and Molecular Theory

11.3 The Search for Elementary Particles

11.4 The Standard Model and the Dream of Grand Unification

Part V: The Mystery of Entanglement

Chapter 12: Quantum Bits: Information Is Physical

12.1 Classical Information and Classical Bits

12.2 Quantum Information and Quantum Bits

12.3 Quantum Entanglement and Quantum Teleportation

12.4 The Quantum No-Cloning Principle and Quantum Encrypted Communication

Chapter 13: Quantum Entanglement and Bell Experiments

13.1 The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox

13.2 Nonlocality and Bell's Theorem

13.3 Entanglement and Nonlocality

Chapter 14: Quantum Computing and Complexity

14.1 Quantum Computers

14.2 Quantum Algorithms

14.3 An Example of Quantum Speedup: The Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm

14.4 Quantum Complexity: The Boundaries and Depth of Computation

Chapter 15: Topological Order and New States of Matter

15.1 Symmetry and States of Matter

15.2 Phase Transitions and Symmetry Breaking

15.3 Long-Range Entanglement and Topological Order

15.4 The Toric Code

Acknowledgments

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Physics books]]
[[Category:Works about quantum mechanics]]
[[Category:2026 non-fiction books]]

Archive:Political status of Ryukyu

2026-09-29T07:36:44Z

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The historical and legal disputes regarding the sovereignty of [[Ryukyu]] remain unresolved in international academic and political circles.

== Ryukyu's prior history ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2026}}
In 1372, Emperor [[Zhu Yuanzhang]] of the [[Ming Dynasty]] dispatched envoy Yang Zai to Ryukyu to announce the establishment of the Ming Dynasty. King [[Satto]], who admired Chinese civilization, immediately sent envoys to pay tribute, formally establishing a tributary relationship with the Ming Dynasty. Subsequently, the [[King of Sannan|Sannan]] and [[Hokuzan]] kings in Ryukyu also came to pay tribute, and Ryukyu gradually moved towards unification, developing under the influence of Chinese civilization. The Ming Dynasty adopted a policy of appeasement towards Ryukyu. More significantly, to help Ryukyu improve its maritime capabilities, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang specifically selected "thirty-six families of Fujianese" to immigrate to Ryukyu, bringing advanced culture and technology. According to Han Xingfang's research, the Ming Dynasty officially recognized Ryukyu 15 times, the last time being during the Chongzhen era.

Ryukyu's wealth attracted the ambitions of Japan. At the end of the 16th century, [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], who unified Japan, coerced Ryukyu to provide military provisions and join his invasion, which was firmly refused by Ryukyu, who then sent an alarm to the Ming Dynasty. Although Japan's initial attempt at aggression failed, the seeds of future trouble were sown. In 1609, the Shimazu clan, lords of the Satsuma Domain, launched a surprise invasion of Ryukyu under the pretext of "pre-paying military funds." Faced with the firearms-equipped Satsuma army, the Ryukyu defenders were routed, and King [[Shō Nei]] was captured and taken to Japan. He was forced to sign the "Fifteen Articles of Okinawa," becoming a vassal state of the Satsuma Domain, paying tribute, and making regular visits to the Edo Shogunate.

From then on, Ryukyu was plunged into a difficult situation that lasted for two and a half centuries: its status as an independent kingdom under international law was nominally preserved to maintain its tributary relationship with China—because Japan still needed Ryukyu to obtain Chinese silk, porcelain, and other goods—but in reality, Ryukyu's internal affairs, diplomacy, and economy were tightly controlled by the Satsuma Domain, making it a "puppet" for plundering resources and extracting trade profits.

In the mid-19th century, Japan's national power increased significantly after the [[Meiji Restoration]], and its ambitions for external expansion grew rapidly. With the signing of the Treaty of Amity and Reconciliation between Japan and China in 1871, Japan gained the right to trade directly with China. The value of Ryukyu as a trading hub significantly diminished, and its territory itself became a direct target for Japan. In 1872, Japan unilaterally declared the Ryukyu Kingdom the "Ryukyu Domain" and bestowed upon King Shō Tai the title of "King of the Domain." In 1875, Japan further abruptly ordered Ryukyu to sever all tributary and investiture relations with the Qing Dynasty and adopt the [[Japanese era name]].

Upon hearing this news, the entire nation of Ryukyu was shocked. King Shō Tai, tried desperately to delay, and repeatedly appealed to the Qing government for urgent assistance, lamenting that "if Japan prevents our tribute, the nation will be in grave danger." However, aid never arrived.

== Japanese seizure of Ryukyu ==
In March 1879, [[Matsuda Michiyuki]], the Japanese-claimed "Administrator for Ryukyu", led hundreds of armed soldiers and police ashore, stormed the Shuri Royal Palace, and forced King Shō Tai to relinquish power. After violently suppressing protests by Ryukyu officials, the Japanese forcibly confiscated all documents symbolizing their rule. On April 4 of the same year, Japan formally abolished the Ryukyu Domain and established Okinawa Prefecture. The Ryukyu Kingdom, which had existed for over 500 years, was thus violently ended.

For nearly a century afterward, due to changes in the international situation, the question of Ryukyu's ownership and status became increasingly complex. In November 1943, at the [[Cairo Conference]], US President [[F.D.Roosevelt]] proposed that Ryukyu be placed under Chinese trusteeship after the war, but no resolution was reached. The [[Potsdam Declaration]] of 1945 explicitly stated that Japanese territory is limited to Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Hokkaido and associated islands, and Ryukyu is not mentioned. After the war, the Treaty of San Francisco, led by the United States but not recognized by People's Republic of China and Eastern Bloc, stipulated that Ryukyu would be administered by the United States. In 1972, based on the international situation and considerations of the Cold War bloc, the United States transferred administrative control of Ryukyu to Japan, but did not address the issue of sovereignty. Subsequently, Japan re-established Ryukyu as Okinawa Prefecture and part of Kagoshima Prefecture.

The disappearance of the Ryukyu Kingdom left behind a complex historical legacy and identity dilemmas.<ref>{{cite web |title=京郊这座墓地遗址见证琉球悲歌 |url=https://www.news.cn/local/20251212/1259186218db4356a6ed0bbbd7205c43/c.html |website=Xinhua |publisher=Xinhua |access-date=24 September 2026 |archive-date=13 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260613131146/https://www.news.cn/local/20251212/1259186218db4356a6ed0bbbd7205c43/c.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Politics of Japan]]
[[Category:Diplomatic recognition]]

Archive:Ronin Institute

2026-09-29T07:36:00Z

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{{Short description|Independent scholarly research institute}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship 2.0 (RIIS 2.0)
| logo =
| logo_size =
| image = Ronin new logo.jpg
| image_size = 150
| alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| campus =
| type = Non Profit Research Institute - 501(c)(3)
| motto =
| founders =
| established = {{start date|2025}}
| closed =
| president =
| chairman =
| head_label =
| head =
| faculty =
| adjunct_faculty =
| staff =
| budget =
| endowment =
| debt =
| subsidiaries =
| owner =
| non-profit_slogan =
| former_names =
| location = [[Sacramento, California]], U.S.
| province =
| coordinates =
| website = {{URL|http://ronininstitute.org}}
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship 2.0''', commonly called just the '''RIIS 2.0''', is an independent scholarly research institute located in [[California]], United States. The institute conducts dedicated to multidisciplinary study of science and the humanities and supports the work of [[independent scientist]]s and [[scholars]].

The institute consists of research scholars from a range of fields and disciplines, such as [[computational economics]], [[high energy physics]], [[earth sciences]], [[medicine]], [[theology]], [[law]], [[history]] and [[philosophy]]. Most of them are independent, while others have hold positions at traditional universities. The institute regularly holds seminars and conferences and manages grants.

==History==

In 2012, Jon F. Wilkins, an [[evolutionary biology|evolutionary biologist]], and former member of the [[Harvard Society of Fellows]] and [[Santa Fe Institute]], founded the original Ronin Institute in New Jersey. <ref name=BG>Keith O'Brien, [https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2012/05/26/new-idea-for-unemployed-academics/UUZOGe1KNWvUXDl7Yae1IL/story.html "The Ronin Institute for Wayward Academics"], ''Boston Globe'', May 27, 2012</ref> The institute's mission was to aggregate "fractional scholarship" happening outside the academy by creating a new model to support independent researchers.<ref name=Wired>Samuel Arbesman, [https://www.wired.com/2012/05/the-rise-of-fractional-scholarship-and-the-ronin-institute/ "The Rise of Fractional Scholarship and the Ronin Institute"], ''Wired.com'', May 1, 2012</ref>

The original Ronin Institute board of directors elected to officially dissolve the corporation in 2024 due to a number of governance and financial matters.

A group of dedicated Research Scholars came together in April 2024 and created a new, member controlled, non profit 501(c)(3) organization incorporated in Sacramento, CA. According to its official mission, the institute remains "devoted to facilitating and promoting scholarly research outside traditional academic research institutions"<ref name=Ronin>Ronin Institute, [http://ronininstitute.org/mission/ ''Mission''], Organizational Website, accessed December 2025</ref> and providing an alternative to the traditional [[academic job market|academic career path]] and [[academic tenure|tenure track]] appointments.

The name "Ronin" derives from the legend of [[Rōnin]]: samurais who broke with the code of feudal Japan by refusing to commit suicide upon the deaths of their masters. According to Wilkins, the metaphor is analogous to scholars who leave the academy, but continue to pursue scholarly research:
{{Quote|The analogy is, if you're not employed by a university and you're an academic, you're supposed to say, 'Well, I'm not an academic anymore.' You're supposed to sort of commit professional suicide at that point. And what we're saying is, 'You know what? No, we can do this. We don't need a master.<ref name=BG/>}}

The Ronin Institute was closed in 2024,<ref name=RoninSite>Ronin Institute, [http://ronininstitute.org]</ref> but a new Ronin Institute was registered in California in 2025 under the leadership of a different leadership structure called a Council.

==Organization==

The institute is governed by a Council of members known as Fellows and is responsible for organizational and financial management. The Council is advised by working groups that addresses one of the core aspects of the community's activities: communications, events, infrastructure, membership, and research..<ref name=Ronin/>

The institute currently has a single academic position, ‘fellow,’ which allows for a more equitable structure. Fellows (also known as Research Scholars) hold virtual meetings with researchers from numerous countries.<ref name=Wired/>

New changes to the institute's internal regulations and management are expected in the near future.

==Notable scholars==
{{More citations needed section|date=May 2022}}
*[[Lee Altenberg]], evolutionary theory
*[[Laurel Haak]], research policy
*[[Kristina Killgrove]], biological anthropology

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://ronininstitute.org/}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|40.8416|-74.1980|display=title}}

[[Category:Research institutes in New Jersey]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Montclair, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 2012]]
[[Category:Organizations disestablished in 2024]]

Archive:Twimight

2026-09-29T07:35:04Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice

{{Short description|Dormant Twitter client mobile app}}
{{Infobox Software
| name = Twimight
| logo = [[Image:Twimight icon.png|128px|Twimight icon]]
| author = Theus Hossmann
| developer = [[Theus Hossmann]], Paolo Carta, Franck Legendre, Dominik Schatzmann, and others
| released = April 2, 2013
| latest release version = 0.9.3
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2013|04|16}}
| latest preview version =
| operating system = [[Android (operating system)|Android]] [[Android version history|2.3.3 ''Gingerbread'']] and up
| platform = Android phones
| language = English, German/Swiss German, French, Italian, Spanish, Romanian, Serbian, Hebrew
| genre = [[Twitter]] client
| license = [[GNU GPL]] v3
| website = {{URL|http://www.twimight.com/}}
}}

'''Twimight''' was an open source [[Android (operating system)|Android]] [[Client (computing)|client]] for the [[social networking]] site [[Twitter]].<ref name=":0" /> The client let users view in real time "tweets" or [[micro-blog]]ging posts on the Twitter website as well as publish their own.

==Added value==
In addition to being a fully functional, ad-free and open-source <ref>{{cite web|author=Theus Hossmann|url=http://code.google.com/p/twimight/|title=Twimight: The mighty open source Twitter client for Android!|publisher=Google Code|date=2013-04-22|access-date=2013-04-22}}</ref> [[Twitter]] client, Twimight allowed communication if the cellular network is unavailable (for example, in case of a natural disaster). Twimight was also equipped with a feature called the "disaster mode",<ref>{{cite conference|first1=T.|last1=Hossmann|last2=Legendre|first2=F.|last3=Carta|first3=P.|last4=Gunningberg|first4=P.|last5=Rohner|first5=C.|title=Twitter in disaster mode: opportunistic communication and distribution of sensor data in emergencies|book-title=Proceedings of the 3rd Extreme Conference on Communication: The Amazon Expedition|place=Manaus, Brasil|year=2011|publisher=ACM|doi=10.1145/2414393.2414394|isbn=978-1-4503-1079-6}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite conference|first1=T.|last1=Hossmann|last2=Legendre|first2=F.|last3=Carta|first3=P.|last4=Gunningberg|first4=P.|last5=Rohner|first5=C.|title=Twitter in disaster mode: security architecture|book-title=Proceedings of the Special Workshop on Internet and Disasters|place=Tokyo, Japan|year=2011|publisher=ACM|doi=10.1145/2079360.2079367|isbn=978-1-4503-1044-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://facelab.mobi/beauty|title=SCAMPI application TWIMIGHT in Google Play|publisher=ICT-SCAMPI|date=2013-04-18|access-date=2013-04-23|archive-date=2015-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419181854/http://www.ict-scampi.eu/scampi-application-twimight-in-google-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> which users could enable or disable at will. When the disaster mode was enabled and the cellular network was down, Twimight used peer-to-peer communication to let users tweet in any circumstance. Enabling the disaster mode enabled on the phone's [[Bluetooth]] transceiver and connected the user to other nearby phones.<ref>{{Cite journal | last=Gostu Venkata Lakshmi Deepthi |last2=Tumati Naga Sai Mahitha |last3=Karamcheti Tirumala Monika |last4=Anusha Sanampudi |date=2021-04-05 |title=Detecting Rumors from Blogging Sites using Recurrent Neural Networks |journal=IJERT |doi=10.5281/ZENODO.18629794 }}</ref> This created a mobile ad hoc network or [[MANET]], which could be used, for example, to locate missing persons even when the communication infrastructure had failed.

==History==
Twimight started out as a project for a Master thesis at [[ETH Zurich]] in the spring of 2011.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://code.google.com/p/twimight/ The Twimight development website]

{{Twitter Navigation}}

[[Category:Free mobile software]]
[[Category:Mobile social software]]
[[Category:Free and open-source Android software]]
[[Category:Android (operating system) software]]
[[Category:Twitter services and applications]]
[[Category:2013 software]]
[[Category:Wireless networking]]
[[Category:Microblogging software]]
[[Category:Geosocial networking]]

Archive:BengalOS

2026-09-29T07:34:24Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice

{{Infobox OS
| name = BengalOS
| developer = [[Phosh|Phosh project]]
| logo = BengalOS Logo.svg
| family = [[Linux]] ([[Unix-like]])
| working state = Alpha
| updatemodel = systemd-sysupdate
| package_manager = [[Flatpak]]
| source model = [[Open-source software|Open-source]]
| repo = {{URL|https://salsa.debian.org/BengalOS-team}}
| marketing target = Smartphones
| supported_platforms = [[ARM64]]
| website = {{URL|https://bengalos.phosh.mobi}}
}}

'''BengalOS''' is an immutable [[Linux distribution]] targeting [[smartphone]]s. It is based on [[Debian]] and [[Phosh]], and is currently in [[Software release life cycle#Alpha|alpha]] development. BengalOS provides nightly builds<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linux Mobile - Stack |url=https://linux-mobile.com/stack/ |first= |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=}}</ref> and currently targets devices based on Qualcomm Snapdragon SoCs, including the Google Pixel 3a<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weekly GNU-like Mobile Linux Update (29/2026) |url=https://linmob.net/weekly-update-29-2026/ | access-date=2026-09-28|website=linmob.net}}</ref>, OnePlus 6, and [[Shiftphone|SHIFT6mq]].

Due to its immutable architecture users install additional applications as [[Flatpak|Flatpaks]] or in a container <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Phosh BengalOS Roadshow |url=https://ch2026.mini.debconf.org/talks/18-the-phosh-bengalos-roadshow/ |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=ch2026.mini.debconf.org |language=en}}</ref>

== External links ==
* [https://bengalos.phosh.mobi Official Website]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Linux distributions]]

{{Linux-stub}}

Archive:Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States

2026-09-29T07:33:40Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States
| region1 = [[Congregation Shearith Israel]]
| pop1 = Unknown
| region2 = [[Congregation Mikveh Israel]]
| pop2 = 200 families
| ref2 = <ref>{{Cite web| title=Congregation Mikveh Israel Plans to Expand | author=Jarrad Saffren | url=https://www.jewishexponent.com/congregation-mikveh-israel-plans-to-expand/}}</ref>
| languages = Modern: [[American English]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Aramaic]]
Historical: [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
| religions = [[Judaism]] [[Sephardic laws and customs|(Sephardic rite)]]
| related_groups = Other [[Spanish and Portuguese Jews]], [[Eastern Sephardim|Balkan Sephardim]], [[Paradesi Jews]], [[American Jews]], [[British Jews]], [[History of the Jews in Denmark|Danish Jews]], [[Irish Jews]], [[Anglo-Israelis]], and [[Yekke|Western Ashkenazim]]
}}

'''Spanish and Portuguese Jews''', '''Western Sephardim''', or simply '''S&P''' are the oldest [[American Jews|Jewish]] community in the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction: Origins of the American Jewish Community |url=https://jwa.org/article/introduction-origins-of-american-jewish-community |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Congregational History {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel- Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/about/our-history/congregational-history/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Further|History of the Jews in Colonial America|Jews in New Amsterdam|Spanish and Portuguese Jews}}
[[File:Gomez Mill House.jpg|left|thumb|247x247px|Gomez Mill House in [[Newburgh (town), New York|Newburgh, NY, USA]]. One of the earliest known residences of a Jew in the future United States of America.]]

=== Initial settlements ===
The first Jews to arrive in North America were 23 [[Sephardic Jews|Sephardim]] who fled religious persecution in Brazil after the Portuguese took over and brought the Inquisition in1654.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jews in Colonial New York |url=https://www.philipsemanorhall.com/blog/jews-in-colonial-new-york |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.philipsemanorhall.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The New York Historical |url=https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/new-yorks-first-jews-came-from-brazil |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.nyhistory.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sephardic Jewish Americans {{!}} Religion and Philosophy {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost |url=https://www.ebsco.com/ |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=EBSCO |language=en}}</ref> They landed a few days before Rosh Hashana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Shargel |first=Baila |title=The Jews of Westchester County: A Social History |last2=Drimmer |first2=Harold |publisher=Purple Mountain Press |year=1994}}</ref> Among the prominent people who came were [[Asser Levy]], [[Luis Moises Gomez|Luis Moses Gomez]], Moses and Samuel Levy.<ref name=":1" />

=== Issues with the Reform ===
Not all Spanish-Portuguese were as dedicated to tradition as their fellow congregants. Some, such as [[Isaac Harby]], openly called for [[Reform Judaism|reform]]. Changes included English services, as he claimed that many could not even understand the Hebrew language. Much of his support for reform was due to his belief that his community was ill educated on their own religion and Spanish-Portuguese customs, therefore being defenseless against [[Proselytization and counter-proselytization of Jews|Protestant missionaries]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Feldberg |first=Michael |title=Isaac Harby |url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/history/Modern_History/1700-1914/America_at_the_Turn_of_the_Century/Sephardic_Immigration/Charleston/americanization.shtml |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=My Jewish Learning |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Contributions to George Washington's success ==
Several Sephardim participated in the American Revolutionary War such as [[Francis Salvador]], [[Haym Salomon]], and Moses Seixas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=U |first=Sephardic |date=2023-05-29 |title=The Sephardic Jews in the American Revolutionary War: Contributions to Independence |url=https://sephardicu.com/sephardic-history/the-sephardic-jews-in-the-american-revolutionary-war-contributions-to-independence/ |access-date=2026-06-07 |website=Sephardic U |language=en-US}}</ref> Haym Salomon is considered to be one of the main financiers of the Revolutionary War and key to the success of Washington's Yorktown campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |title=How Haym Salomon Helped to Finance the American Revolution |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/haym-salomon-biography-4178500 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260114193801/https://www.thoughtco.com/haym-salomon-biography-4178500 |archive-date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-09-27 |work=ThoughtCo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Haym Salomon: Biography & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/money/Haym-Salomon |access-date= |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Feldstein |first=Zavi |date=2021-06-02 |title=One Jew's Financial Support for the Revolutionary War |url=https://www.americanjewisharchives.org/snapshots/one-jews-financial-support-for-the-revolutionary-war/ |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=American Jewish Archives |language=en-US}}</ref>

Francis Salvador was the first Jew killed in the Revolutionary War.<ref>{{Cite web |last=nell_porter_brown@harvard.edu |date=2003-01-01 |title=A "portion of the People" {{!}} Harvard Magazine |url=https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2003/01/a-portion-of-the-people-html |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=www.harvardmagazine.com |language=en}}</ref>

In 1790, [https://jewishaction.com/cover-story/moses-seixas-1744-1809-the-promise-of-liberty/ Moses Seixas], the president of Touro Synagogue wrote to George Washington to praise the religious freedoms in the Bill of Rights.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manca |first=Joseph |date=2016-02-01 |title=The Touro Synagogue: Peter Harrison, George Washington, and Religious Freedom in America |url=https://allthingsliberty.com/2016/02/the-touro-synagogue-peter-harrison-george-washington-and-religious-freedom-in-america/ |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=Journal of the American Revolution |language=en-US}}</ref> Washington responded affirming that the U.S. government gives '''"to bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance"'''—anchored Jews firmly within American religious liberty. <ref>{{Cite web |title=From George Washington to the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Island - Wednesday, August 18, 1790 {{!}} George Washington's Mount Vernon |url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/past-projects/quotes/article/for-happily-the-government-of-the-united-states-which-gives-to-bigotry-no-sanction-to-persecution-no-assistance-requires-only-that-they-who-live-under-its-protection-should-demean-themselves-as-good-citizens-in-giving-it-on-all-occasions-their-effectual-s |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=www.mountvernon.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-06-02-0135 |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=National Archives|title=George Washington to the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Island, 18 August 1790}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=George Washington’s Letter to the Hebrew Congregation of Newport, Rhode Island {{!}} Loeb Institute {{!}} Columbian College of Arts & Sciences {{!}} The George Washington University |url=https://loeb.columbian.gwu.edu/george-washingtons-letter-hebrew-congregation-newport-rhode-island |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=Loeb Institute {{!}} Columbian College of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=GEFFEN |first=ByDAVID |date=2026-02-14 |title=George Washington’s role in Jewish freedom in US {{!}} The Jerusalem Post |url=https://www.jpost.com/history/article-886447 |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[Gershom Mendes Seixas]], brother of Moses Seixas, was the cantor of [[Congregation Shearith Israel]], in New York and participated in George Washington's inauguration. He was also one of the founders of [[Columbia College, Columbia University|Columbia College.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEIXAS - JewishEncyclopedia.com |url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13396-seixas |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=www.jewishencyclopedia.com}}</ref>

== Culture, traditions, and customs ==
=== Language ===
Despite the name, most Spanish-Portuguese in the United States do not speak [[Spanish language|Spanish]] nor [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], and any vestiges of either language remain only in the Hebrew pronunciation and traditional liturgy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shearith Israel, Oldest Synagogue Here, Rich with Hoary Memories |url=https://www.jta.org/archive/shearith-israel-oldest-synagogue-here-rich-with-hoary-memories |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> An example, [[Benjamin N. Cardozo|Benjamin Nathan Cardozo]], a notable Spanish-Portuguese lawyer and [[Masortim|traditionalist]], "confessed in 1937 that" after centuries in [[British North America]], "his family preserved neither the Spanish language nor Iberian cultural traditions".<ref>{{cite book |author=Aviva Ben-Ur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JZQwMhgF8VkC&pg=PA86 |title=''Sephardic Jews in America: A Diasporic History'' |publisher=NYU Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8147-8632-1 |location=New York |page=86 |access-date=2016-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727093049/https://books.google.com/books?id=JZQwMhgF8VkC&pg=PA86 |archive-date=2020-07-27 |url-status=live}}</ref> His ancestors had lived in [[England]], the British colonies, and the United States since the 17th century.

Some Spanish table songs, most famously [[Bendigamos]], are still sung by many Spanish-Portuguese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=London Sephardi Music - Bendigamos |url=https://sites.google.com/site/londonsephardimusic/table-songs/bendigamos |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=sites.google.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bendigamos {{!}} jewishmusic |url=https://jewish-music.huji.ac.il/en/node/23713 |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=jewish-music.huji.ac.il |language=en}}</ref> However, Bendigamos is believed to have originated among the S&P community of [[Bordeaux|Bordeaux, France]] and originally was sung in [[French language|French]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=London Sephardi Music - Bendigamos |url=https://sites.google.com/site/londonsephardimusic/table-songs/bendigamos |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=sites.google.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Unlike the [[Eastern Sephardim]], the Spanish-Portuguese do not traditionally speak Ladino, but rather standard Spanish and Portuguese.

==== Clerical terminology ====
[[Hazzan]]im in the S&P rite are given the title of "[[The Reverend|Reverend]]". For much of the community's history in America, communities were led by hazzanim who were not ordained [[rabbi]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levine |first=Dr Yitzchok |date=2013-09-11 |title=Reverend Henry Pereira Mendes: Orthodox Stalwart (Part I) |url=https://www.ou.org/life/community/reverend-henry-pereira-mendes-orthodox-stalwart-part/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=OU Life |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Dress ===
[[File:Rabbi Henry Pereira Mendes.jpg|thumb|247x247px|R' Henry Pereira Mendes wearing the traditional robes of Spanish-Portuguese clergy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=e |first=e |date=2016-05-19 |title=Kedoshim and Canonicals 5776 |url=https://www.sephardi.org.uk/kedoshim-and-canonicals/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=S and P Sephardi Community |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='A Most Beloved Part of Our Service':The Slow Procession to the Ark in a Sephardic Synagogue – Covering Religion |url=https://coveringreligion.org/2023/03/06/a-most-beloved-part-of-our-servicethe-slow-procession-to-the-ark-in-a-sephardic-synagogue/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=coveringreligion.org}}</ref>]]Traditionally, Spanish-Portuguese clerical attire consists of [[Clerical clothing|canonical robes]], a [[top hat]], and/or [[Tricorne|tricorn]] depending on the specific community and occasion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our tradition |url=https://www.esnoga.com/en/traditions/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Portugees-Israëlietische Gemeente |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Silk prayer shawl ====
[[File:Solomon Alexander Hart - The Feast of the Rejoicing of the Law at the Synagogue in Leghorn, Italy - Google Art Project.jpg|left|thumb|180x180px|The silk tallitot used by the Livorno S&P community are similar to the American S&P.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Somekh |first=Simone |date=2018-12-11 |title=This $500 Pure Silk Tallit Is Produced In An Italian Village — Alongside Hermes Scarves |url=https://forward.com/life/415714/this-500-pure-silk-tallit-is-produced-in-a-village-in-northern-italy/ |access-date=2026-06-07 |website=The Forward |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=shalommorris |date=2017-06-23 |title=Shelah – The Western Sephardic Talet |url=https://shalommorris.com/2017/06/23/shelah-the-western-sephardic-talet/ |access-date=2026-06-07 |website=Shalom Says Hello |language=en}}</ref>]]
The traditional material used in the production of [[tallit]]ot (prayer shawls) in Spanish-Portuguese communities in the United States, as well as others, is silk. It is theorized that the material contributed to the unique S&P way of donning the shawl.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Somekh |first=Simone |date=2018-12-11 |title=This $500 Pure Silk Tallit Is Produced In An Italian Village — Alongside Hermes Scarves |url=https://forward.com/life/415714/this-500-pure-silk-tallit-is-produced-in-a-village-in-northern-italy/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=The Forward |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Silk Tallit - Jewish Tradition |url=https://talleddiseta.com/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Talled di Seta |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=shalommorris |date=2017-06-23 |title=Shelah – The Western Sephardic Talet |url=https://shalommorris.com/2017/06/23/shelah-the-western-sephardic-talet/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Shalom Says Hello |language=en}}</ref>

=== Traditionalism ===
Spanish-Portuguese communities place a heavy emphasis on the preservation of Western Sephardic liturgical customs and religious traditions, despite the fact that Spanish-Portuguese communities in the US have always included [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazim]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Our Minhag {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel- Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/about/our-minhag/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Thanksgiving service ===
Congregation Shearith Israel has been conducting [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving]] services since President [[George Washington]] first instituted the holiday in 1789.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=Thanksgiving at Shearith Israel {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel - Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/programs/holidays/thanksgiving-at-shearith-israel/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zeffren |first=Tamar |date=2024-11-22 |title=Trustees of Congregation Shearith Israel Regarding Thanksgiving Day, 1847 |url=https://ajhs.org/trustees-of-congregation-shearith-israel-regarding-thanksgiving-day-1847/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=American Jewish Historical Society |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gilson |first=Grace |date=2025-11-28 |title=Oldest Jewish congregation in US launches Manhattan kosher food pantry on Thanksgiving |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/oldest-jewish-congregation-in-us-launches-manhatten-kosher-food-pantry-on-thanksgiving/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref>

=== Architecture ===
Traditionally, Spanish-Portuguese synagogue architecture was based on older structures, such as the [[Portuguese Synagogue (Amsterdam)|Portuguese Synagogue]] of Amsterdam and the [[Old Synagogue of Livorno|Great Synagogue of Livorno]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perelis |first=Ronnie |date=2019 |title=Jewish sacred architecture in the Spanish and Portuguese diaspora |url=https://repository.yu.edu/items/cc20b67e-6bac-43ca-b267-208a8510cfd4 |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=repository.yu.edu}}</ref>
[[File:Spanish-Portuguese Jewish youth honoring Jewish-American veterans of their community.jpg|left|thumb|Spanish-Portuguese Jewish youth place flags on the graves of fallen Jewish veterans at the [[First Shearith Israel Graveyard]] during Memorial Day 2026.]]

=== Memorial Day ===
Every year, Shearith Israel hosts a [[Memorial Day]] ceremony in honor of [[veteran]] members of the community, notably those who perished during the [[American Revolutionary War]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=Memorial Day {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel - Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/programs/holidays/memorial-day/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> The event is attended by the [[Sons of the Revolution]] in the [[New York (state)|State of New York]] [[Colour guard|color guard]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Color Guard |url=https://www.sonsoftherevolution.org/color-guard |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Sons of the Revolution |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
Spanish-Portuguese cuisine in colonial America largely mirrored that of their fellow colonists, albeit with alterations to follow the laws of [[kashrut]]. Commonly eaten foods included corn, beans, fish, preserved fruit, preserved vegetables, and pickled vegetables.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hausman |first=Judith |date=2016-02-25 |title=Foodways of Colonial Sephardim in the Hudson Valley |url=https://hvmag.com/life-style/news/foodways-of-colonial-sephardim-in-the-hudson-valley/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Hudson Valley Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Halakhic approach ==
Though there is no uniquely Spanish-Portuguese approach to halakha, historically the predominant stream of Judaism in the community has been [[Jewish philosophy|rationalist]] and [[Maimonides|Maimonidean]]. [[Kabbalah]] is also notably absent from the S&P rite.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Howard•• |first=Aaron |title=Jewish Herald-Voice |url=https://jhvonline.com/the-legacy-of-spanishportuguese-jewry-p934-89.htm |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=jhvonline.com}}</ref>

== By region ==

=== Northeast ===

=== Southeast ===

=== Midwest ===
[[John Hays (sheriff)|John Jacob Hays]] and [[Samuel Judah (jurist)|Samuel Judah]] were two prominent [[Indiana]] settlers, having migrated to the region from [[New York (state)|New York]].

=== West Coast ===

==== The San Francisco Grandees ====
Spanish-Portuguese Jews began [[American westward movement|establishing themselves]] in [[California]] along with their [[American pioneer|fellow settlers]] in the 19th century. One such settler was [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]]-born, [[Abraham Cohen Labatt]], who established several Reform communities throughout the southern states and [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Association |first=Texas State Historical |title=Abraham Cohen Labatt: Pioneer of Jewish Reform in America |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/labatt-abraham-cohen |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=Texas State Historical Association |language=en}}</ref>

== Modern communities ==

* [[Congregation Shearith Israel]]
* [[Congregation Mikveh Israel]]

== Historical communities ==

* [[Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Synagogue (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/places/kahal-kadosh-beth-elohim-synagogue.htm |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Touro Synagogue (New Orleans)|Touro Synagogue]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Touro Synagogue |url=http://tourosynagogue.com/about-us/ourhistory/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Touro Synagogue |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Congregation Mickve Israel]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of CMI - Congregation Mickve Israel |url=https://www.mickveisrael.org/history-of-cmi.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260217200527/https://www.mickveisrael.org/history-of-cmi.html |archive-date=2026-02-17 |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.mickveisrael.org}}</ref>
* [[Touro Synagogue]] ([[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]], [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-28 |title=The Touro Synagogue - Newport, RI |url=https://www.thetourosynagogue.org/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[St. Thomas Synagogue|The Hebrew Congregation of St. Thomas]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Historic Synagogue |url=https://synagogue.vi/our-historic-synagogue/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Congregation Beth Ahabah]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=History - Congregation Beth Ahabah |url=https://www.bethahabah.org/heritage/history/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260210144343/https://www.bethahabah.org/heritage/history/ |archive-date=2026-02-10 |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.bethahabah.org}}</ref>

== Institutions and organizations ==

=== Theological ===
* [[Orthodox Union]] - Founded by R' Henry Pereira Mendes<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levine |first=Dr Yitzchok |date=2013-09-11 |title=Reverend Henry Pereira Mendes: Orthodox Stalwart (Part I) |url=https://www.ou.org/life/community/reverend-henry-pereira-mendes-orthodox-stalwart-part/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=OU Life |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Markovitz |first=Eugene |date=1966 |title=Henry Pereira Mendes: Architect of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23875623 |journal=American Jewish Historical Quarterly |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=364–384 |issn=0002-9068}}</ref>
* [https://www.jewishideas.org Institute for Jewish Ideas and Ideals] - Founded by Rabbi emeritus of Shearith Israel, [[Marc D. Angel]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} jewishideas.org |url=https://www.jewishideas.org/about-us |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.jewishideas.org}}</ref>
* [[International Rabbinic Fellowship]] - Co-founded by Rabbi Marc. D Angel<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rabbi Marc Angel - MJHI |url=https://manhattanjewish.org/2023_hall_of_fame/rabbi-marc-angel/index.htm |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Historical ===

* [[Gomez Mill House|'''Gomez Foundation for Mill House''']] - Runs the Gomez Mill House museum<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gomez Mill House: An American Treasure |url=https://www.gomez.org/about.html |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.gomez.org}}</ref>

=== Philanthropic and charitable ===

* [https://www.shearithisrael.org/giving/hebra-hased-vaamet/ Hebra Hased Va’Amet (Hebrew Benevolent Society)] - Oldest active Jewish philanthropic organization in [[New York City]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=1852-11-12 |title=Fiftieth Anniversary of the "Hebra Hased Va Amet" Hebrew Benevolent Society. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1852/11/12/archives/fiftieth-anniversary-of-the-hebra-hased-va-amet-hebrew-benevolent.html |access-date=2026-05-20 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

=== Political ===

* [[Tikvah Fund]] - Conservative organization whose senior scholar is Rabbi [[Meir Soloveichik]] of Shearith Israel<ref>{{Cite web |last=by |title=Meir Soloveichik |url=https://www.tabletmag.com/contributors/meir-soloveichik |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Tablet Magazine |language=en}}</ref>

=== Educational ===

* [[Jewish Theological Seminary of America]] (Historically) - Founded by R' [[Sabato Morais]] and R' [[Henry Pereira Mendes]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-29 |title=History of JTS - Jewish Theological Seminary |url=https://www.jtsa.edu/history-of-jts/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.jtsa.edu |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [https://www.shearithisrael.org/programs/youth/ptts-school/ Polonies Talmud Torah School] - First Hebrew school in America<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-20 |title=PTTS Hebrew School {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel - Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/programs/youth/ptts-school/ |access-date=2026-06-12 |language=en}}</ref>
* [https://emetclassicalacademy.org Emet Classical Academy] - Jewish [[Preparatory school (United Kingdom)|preparatory school]] in [[Manhattan]] founded by the Tikvah Fund<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning of Trump's $10 Million Grant to a Jewish Nonprofit |url=https://jewishcurrents.org/the-meaning-of-trumps-10-million-grant-to-a-jewish-nonprofit |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Jewish Currents |language=en}}</ref>
* Yeshiva University's [https://www.yu.edu/JLL/Sephardic Sephardic Community Program] - Co-founded by Hakham of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews of the British Commonwealth [[Solomon Gaon]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sephardic Programs |url=https://www.yu.edu/JLL/Sephardic |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Yeshiva University |language=en}}</ref>
* [https://www.thehabura.com/about The Habura] - [[Beth midrash|Beit midrash]] founded by Senior Spanish-Portuguese Rabbi of the United Kingdom [[Joseph Dweck]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} The Ḥabura |url=https://www.thehabura.com/about |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=The Habura |language=en}}</ref>

=== Namesakes ===

* [[Touro University (New York)|Touro University]] - Named after businessman and philanthropist [[Judah Touro]]
* [[Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law]] - Named after Associate Justice of the Supreme Court [[Benjamin N. Cardozo]]

== Publications ==

* ''[[iarchive:oldfaithinnewwor00pool|An Old Faith in the New World: Portrait of Shearith Israel 1654-1954]]'' - Rabbi [[David de Sola Pool]] and Tamar de Sola Pool
* ''[[iarchive:whyiamjew0000davi m8l5|Why I am a Jew]]'' by Rabbi David de Sola Pool
* ''[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.76380|The Kaddish]]'' by Rabbi David de Sola Pool
* ''[[iarchive:bookofprayer0000davi/page/n55/mode/2up|Book of Prayer]]'' by Rabbi David de Sola Pool
* ''[[iarchive:unchanginglawshe00pooliala|The Unchanging Law, Shearith Israel's Heritage and Hope]]'' by Rabbi David de Sola Pool
* ''[[iarchive:seekinggoodspeak0000ange/page/n5/mode/2up|Seeking Good, Speaking Peace]]'' by Rabbi Marc D. Angel
* ''[[iarchive:jewishreligionet00mendiala/page/n3/mode/2up|The Jewish Religion: Ethically Presented]]'' by Rabbi Henry Pereira Mendes
* [[iarchive:estherandharbona00mendiala|''Esther and Harbonah'']] by Rabbi Henry Pereira Mendes
* ''[[iarchive:wsb22f5 images/wsb22f5/|A discourse delivered before the congregation Mikvé Israel of Philadelphia, at their synagogue in Seventh street, on Thursday, June 1, 1865, the day appointed for fasting, humiliation, and prayer, for the untimely death of the late lamented President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln]]'' by Rabbi Sabato Morais
* ''[[iarchive:ws b18f15b/ws b18f15b/|Correspondence of Sabato Morais, 1887]]'' by Rabbi Sabato Morais

== Websites ==

=== Liturgy, customs, and traditions ===

* [https://www.shearithisrael.org/prayer/liturgy/ Congregation Shearith Israel - Liturgy]- Liturgy of Congregation Shearith Israel

=== General ===

* [https://www.sandpcentral.org S&P Central]- Information hub for Spanish & Portuguese / Western Sephardic Jewish Communities

== Media ==

* [[The Book of Negroes (miniseries)|Book of Negroes (miniseries)]] - Features Solomon [[Lindo]], an [[Indigofera|indigo planter]] and [[Slavery in the United States|slaveowner]], who comes to own the protagonist<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martinez |first=Nicole |date=2014-06-29 |title=First Trailer for Mini-Series of Acclaimed 'The Book of Negroes' |url=https://www.abhmuseum.org/first-trailer-for-mini-series-of-acclaimed-the-book-of-negroes/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=America's Black Holocaust Museum |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Field of Lost Shoes]] - Features [[Moses Jacob Ezekiel|Moses Ezekiel]], [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[Battle of New Market|VMI cadet]] and later [[Sculpture|sculptor]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moses Ezekiel |url=https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/moses-ezekiel |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=American Battlefield Trust |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable individuals and families ==

=== Families ===

* [[Gershom Mendes Seixas|Seixas]]
* [[Moses Michael Hays|Hays]]
* Judah
* Gomez
* [[Ephraim Hart|Hart]]
* Guedalia<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-19 |title=An Exclusive Tour of the Shearith Israel Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue Cemetery on West 11th Street - Village Preservation |url=https://www.villagepreservation.org/event/an-exclusive-tour-of-the-shearith-israel-spanish-and-portuguese-synagogue-cemetery-on-west-11th-street/,%20https://www.villagepreservation.org/event/an-exclusive-tour-of-the-shearith-israel-spanish-and-portuguese-synagogue-cemetery-on-west-11th-street/ |access-date=2026-06-14 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Individuals ===
* Rabbi [[David de Sola Pool]] - Former rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel
* Judah Touro - Businessman and philanthropist
* Benjamin N. Cardozo - Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
* [[Isaac Harby]] - Advocate for [[Reform Judaism]]
* [[Lee Cohen Harby]] - Writer
* [[Jacob De Cordova]] - Politician
* [[Judah P. Benjamin]] - Politician, lawyer, and 3rd [[Confederate States Secretary of State|Confederate Secretary of State]]
* Moses Jacob Ezekiel - Sculptor
* [[Edwin Warren Moïse (born 1832)|Edwin Warren Moïse]] - Lawyer, Confederate officer, and Adjutant-General from South Carolina
* [[Francis Salvador]] - Politician and revolutionary
* [[David Levy Yulee]] - Politician and lawyer
* [[Emma Lazarus]] - Poet
* Rabbi [[Isaac Leeser]] - Religious leader
* Rabbi Sabato Morais - Co-founder of the Jewish Theological Seminary
* Rabbi Henry Pereira Mendes - Co-founder of the Orthodox Union and Jewish Theological Seminary
* [[Haym Salomon]] - [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father]] and merchant
* Rabbi Marc D. Angel - Rabbi emeritus of Congregation Shearith Israel
* Rabbi Meir Soloveichik - Current rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel
* Rabbi [[Hayyim Angel]] - Former rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel and professor at [[Yeshiva University]]
* SFC Yosef Malachi Guedalia - IDF soldier and victim of the [[October 7 attacks|October 7th massacre]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Staff |first=ToI |date=2023-10-12 |title=Sgt. First Class Yosef Malachi Guedalia, 22: 'A very gentle, sweet person' |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/sgt-first-class-yosef-malachi-guedalia-22-a-very-gentle-sweet-person/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref>
* Rabbi Shalom Morris - Rabbi of [[Bevis Marks Synagogue]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=RABBI SHALOM MORRIS |url=https://www.sephardi.org.uk/about/rabbis/rabbi-shalom-morris/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=S and P Sephardi Community |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* Rabbi Joseph Dweck - Senior rabbi of the Spanish-Portuguese community of the [[United Kingdom]]
* Hazzan [[Gershom Mendes Seixas]] - First native-born Jewish religious leader in the United States
* [[Maud Nathan]] - Labor activist, [[Women's suffrage in the United States|suffragist]], and social worker
* [[Jacob Lumbrozo]] - [[Province of Maryland|Colonial Maryland]] physician, farmer, and trader
* CPT [[Uriah P. Levy]] - First Jewish [[Commodore (United States)|Commodore]] of the [[United States Navy]]
* [[Lawrence Ferlinghetti]] - Poet
* [[William Pereira]] - Architect
* [[Abraham Pais]] - Physicist and science historian
* [[Josh Pais]] - Actor
* [[Josephine Lazarus]] - Essayist, book critic, [[Transcendentalism|transcendentalist]], and [[Zionism|Zionist]]
* [[Solomon Nunes Carvalho]] - Painter, photographer, author, and inventor
* [[Isaac Lopez Brandon]] - One of the earliest recorded [[African-American Jews|Jews of African descent]] in the United States
* [[Jao de la Porta]] - Merchant
* [[Jean Lafitte]] - [[Piracy|Pirate]] and [[privateer]]
* [[Vic Seixas]] - Tennis player
* [[Theodore Solomons]] - Explorer and early [[Sierra Club]] member
* [[Arthur Hays Sulzberger]] - Publisher of the [[The New York Times|New York Times]] from 1935 to 1961
* Rabbi [[Isaac Touro]] - Religious leader and [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|British Loyalist]]
* Hazzan [[Jacques Judah Lyons]] - Religious leader, composer, historian
* [[Judah Monis]] - First [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] instructor in [[North America]]
* [[David L. Lopez]] - Builder, industrialist, slaveowner, and philanthropist
* [[Aaron Lopez]] - Merchant, slave trader, and philanthropist
* [[Morris Lazaron]] - Reform rabbi and writer
* [[Joel Rinaldo]] - Founder of [[Joel's Bohemia]]
* [[Benjamin Nathan]] - Investor, philanthropist, and murder victim
* [[Henri Castro]] - Diplomat and Texas [[empresario]]
* [[Mordecai Manuel Noah]] - Sheriff, playwright, diplomat, journalist, and [[utopia]]n
* [[Daniel De Leon]] - Socialist writer and unionist
* [[Lewis Charles Levin]] - Founder of the [[Know Nothing]]s
* [[Lewis Morrison]] - Actor and only [[African-American Jews|black Jewish]] officer in both the [[United States Army|United States]] and [[Confederate States Army|Confederates States Army]]

=== Notable non-Jewish descendants ===

* [[Eslanda Goode Robeson]] - [[Anthropologist]], author, actress, and [[Civil rights movement|civil rights]] activist
* [[Vic Seixas]] - Tennis player
* [[Jackie Walker (activist)|Jackie Walker]] - Political activist and writer
* [[Mathias de Sousa]] - First colonist of African descent to vote in an American legislature
* [[Paul Robeson Jr.]] - Author, [[archivist]], and historian
* [[Joachim Pissarro]] - Art historian, curator, theoretician, and educator
* [[Harry Belafonte]] - Singer, actor, and civil rights activist
* [[Thomas Cardozo]] - Politician and educator
* [[Henry Cardozo]] - Politician and [[Methodist Episcopal Church|Methodist]] minister
* [[Constance Bennett]] - Actress and producer
* [[Joan Bennett]] - Actress
* [[Curiel family|Coriell and Coryell]] family - Descendants of [[Jacob Curiel]] in the United States

== See also ==

* [[History of the Jews in the Southern United States]]
* [[Military history of Jewish Americans]]
* [[Old Stock Americans]]
* [[First Families of Virginia]]
* [[Boston Brahmin]]
* [[New Netherlander]]
{{Sephardic Jews topics}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:American people of Portuguese-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:American people of Spanish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Sephardi Jewish culture by country]]
[[Category:Sephardi Jewish culture]]
[[Category:Sephardi Jews]]
[[Category:American Sephardic Jews]]

Archive:Personalised external aortic root support

2026-09-29T07:31:16Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice

{{Short description|Medical procedure for aortic root aneurysms}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
The '''personalised external aortic root support''' ('''PEARS''') is a medical procedure for [[aortic root]] aneurysms, can be in patients with connective tissue disorders such as [[Marfan syndrome]]. This technique uses a bespoke microporous textile mesh jacket, tailored precisely to the dimensions of a persons aorta, providing an alternative to conventional surgical methods.<ref name="Kenny Austin Conal Personalized External">{{cite journal |last1=Kenny |first1=Louise A. |last2=Austin |first2=Conal |last3=Golesworthy |first3=Tal |last4=Venugopal |first4=Prem |last5=Alphonso |first5=Nelson |title=Personalized External Aortic Root Support (PEARS) for Aortic Root Aneurysm |journal=Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery |date=Summer 2021 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=290–305 |doi=10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2021.03.001 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Medical uses==

PEARS is used to support the aortic root and also for the ascending aorta in patients with aortic root aneurysms. It is particularly beneficial for people that have connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, [[Loeys–Dietz syndrome]], or [[bicuspid aortic valve]]. The procedure helps to prevent aortic root expansion and [[aortic dissection]], which can lead to severe complications such as aortic valve regurgitation, rupture, and death.<ref name="BJC">{{cite journal |last1=Pepper |first1=J. |last2=Izgi |first2=C. |last3=Golesworthy |first3=T. J. |last4=Takkenberg |first4=J. J. |last5=Treasure |first5=T. |title=Personalised external aortic root support (PEARS) to stabilise an aortic root aneurysm |journal=British Journal of Cardiology |date=2020 |volume=27 |issue=3 |page=22 |doi=10.5837/bjc.2020.022 |pmid=35747770 |pmc=9205243 }}</ref><ref name="NICE">{{cite report |title=Personalised external aortic root support (PEARS) using mesh to prevent aortic root expansion and aortic dissection in people with Marfan syndrome |publisher=[[National Institute for Health and Care Excellence]] |date=18 May 2022 |ID=IPG724 |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ipg724 }}</ref>

==Procedure==

The PEARS procedure relies on a detailed [[CT scan]] of the patient's aorta. These measurements are then used with [[computer-aided design]] to create a 3D-printed plastic model of the patient's aorta. This model serves as a template for manufacturing the ExoVasc PEARS implant. This implant is made from a soft and pliable biocompatible textile, normally [[polyethylene terephthalate]].{{fact|date=July 2025}}

The surgical process involves opening the chest through the breastbone and wrapping the mesh around the outside of the aorta at the part closest to the heart. This mesh provides support to the aortic root and ascending aorta, reducing the risk of aortic root expansion and aortic dissection.<ref name="Kenny Austin Conal Personalized External"/><ref name="Exstent">{{cite web |title=ExoVasc® Personalised External Aortic Root Support |url=https://exstent.com/exovasc-personalised-external-aortic-root-support/ |publisher=Exstent |year=2024}}</ref>

===Aortic PEARS===

The PEARS procedur supports the dilated aorta in patients with connective tissue disorders. This pocedure is less invasive than traditional surgical options and does not require [[cardiopulmonary bypass]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Treasure |first1=Tom |last2=Austin |first2=Conal |last3=Kenny |first3=Louise Amelia |last4=Pepper |first4=John |title=Personalized external aortic root support in aneurysm disease |journal=Current Opinion in Cardiology |date=29 August 2022 |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=454–458 |doi=10.1097/HCO.0000000000000990 |pmid=36094493 |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10155983/ }}</ref>

===Ross-PEARS===

The Ross-PEARS procedure involves replacing a diseased aortic valve with the patient's own healthy pulmonary valve, and then supporting the aorta via an implant. This procedure is particularly useful for patients who require [[aortic valve replacement]] but wsh to avoid mechanical valve replacement and the associated need for anticoagulation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Treasure |first1=Tom |title=Personalized external aortic root support |journal=Texas Heart Institute Journal |date=2013 |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=549–552 |pmid=24391317 |pmc=3853825 }}</ref>

==Advantages==

One of the significant advantages of the PEARS procedure is that it does not require cardiopulmonary bypass, although it has been used occasionally as an adjunct. The aorta is not clamped or opened, so there is no myocardial ischemia. Additionlly, there is no routine requirement for blood products, nor is there a risk of cerebral ischemia or embolus. This makes the procedure less invasive and reduces the recovery time for patients.<ref name="Treasure Pepper Personalised External">{{cite journal |last1=Treasure |first1=Tom |last2=Pepper |first2=John |title=Personalised External Aortic Root Support (PEARS) Compared with Alternatives for People with Life-Threatening Genetically Determined Aneurysms of the Aortic Root |journal=Diseases |date=15 January 2015 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=2–14 |doi=10.3390/diseases3010002 |doi-access=free |pmid=28943604 |pmc=5548228 }}</ref>

==History==

The concept of PEARS was first proposed in 2000 by Tal Golesworthy, an engineer with familial Marfan syndrome and an aortic root aneurysm. Golesworthy, driven by the need for a less invasive treatment option, assembled a [[research and development]] team to bring his idea to fruition. Collaborating with surgeons, the first clinical implementation of PEARS occurred in 2004, with Golesworthy himself being the first patient to undergo the procedure.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Treasure |first1=Tom |last2=Takkenberg |first2=Johanna J M |last3=Golesworthy |first3=Tal |last4=Rega |first4=Filip |last5=Petrou |first5=Mario |last6=Rosendahl |first6=Ulrich |last7=Mohiaddin |first7=Raad |last8=Rubens |first8=Michael |last9=Thornton |first9=Warren |last10=Lees |first10=Belinda |last11=Pepper |first11=John |title=Personalised external aortic root support (PEARS) in Marfan syndrome: analysis of 1–9 year outcomes by intention-to-treat in a cohort of the first 30 consecutive patients to receive a novel tissue and valve-conserving procedure, compared with the published results of aortic root replacement |journal=Heart |date=15 June 2014 |volume=100 |issue=12 |pages=969–975 |id={{CORE output|43293156}} {{ProQuest|1780732212}} |doi=10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304913 |pmid=24395977 |pmc=4033204 }}</ref>

Since its inception, the PEARS procedure has been performed in hospitals, demonstrating its potential as a viable treatment option. The procedure has undergone health technology appraisal by the [[National Institute for Health and Care Excellence]] (NICE).<ref name="NICE"/>

==See also==
* [[Aortic aneurysm]]
* [[Marfan syndrome]]
* [[Connective tissue]]
* [[Cardiopulmonary bypass]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |last1=Treasure |first1=Tom |last2=Petrou |first2=Mario |last3=Rosendahl |first3=Ulrich |last4=Austin |first4=Conal |last5=Rega |first5=Filip |last6=Pirk |first6=Jan |last7=Pepper |first7=John |title=Personalized external aortic root support: a review of the current status |journal=European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery |date=September 2016 |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=400–404 |doi=10.1093/ejcts/ezw078 |pmid=27032474 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Austin |first1=C. |last2=Mathur |first2=S.K. |last3=Pepper |first3=J. |title=Personalised External Aortic Root Support (PEARS): Utilisation in dilatational aortopathies after the arterial switch operation V4 |journal=International Journal of Cardiology |date=October 2016 |volume=220 |pages=772–774 |doi=10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.248 |pmid=27393865 }}

[[Category:Cardiac surgery]]

Archive:Video-Enhanced Grave Marker

2026-09-29T07:27:05Z

Waza: 85 revisions imported: Import with full history

{{Short description|Tombstone}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Video-Enhanced Grave Marker|timestamp=20260925235656|year=2026|month=September|day=25|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=May 2016}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2012}}
{{Notability|date=November 2025}}
}}
A '''Video-Enhanced Grave Marker''' ('''VEGM''') is a Western-style [[headstone|tombstone]] equipped with [[Weatherization|weatherproofed]] [[video]] playback that can be initiated by [[remote control]].

The VEGM, invented by Robert Barrows of [[San Mateo, California]], would allow its owner to record messages or have the deceased family leave messages to be played to any visitor to the site with a [[remote control]].<ref name=wsj>{{cite news|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/SB111283344036700294|title=Having a Say in Your Epitaph: The Challenge of High-Tech Tombstones|work=[[Wall Street Journal]]|date=7 April 2005|access-date=23 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=US-7089495-B2 - Patent Public Search {{!}} USPTO |url=https://ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/patents/html/7089495?source=USPAT&requestToken=eyJzdWIiOiJlMWU5MWVmNi1mZWE1LTRiNDUtOGY0MS1jOTliOTE4YTBmOTMiLCJ2ZXIiOiI4OTdjOGJhYy0yMGYzLTQwNzItODY1MS0xMjRjODYyODFhNTEiLCJleHAiOjB9 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=ppubs.uspto.gov}}</ref> The stones would be equipped with weatherproofed video playback devices plus [[computer storage]] and a [[computer monitor|monitor]] placed within a weather-proofed, hollowed-out headstone. It could also utilize coded card swiping devices like the technology used for hotel room card keys or it can operate on a credit card or coin activated device.<ref name=":0" /> {{As of|2005|alt=As of April 2005}}, Barrows estimated that the costs of the VEGMs might start at about [[US$]]8000.<ref name=wsj/>

{{US patent|7089495}} was issued on The Video Enhanced Gravemarker on August 8, 2006.<ref name=":0" /> Barrows commented soon after its invention: "I envision being able to walk through a cemetery using a remote control, clicking on graves and what all the people buried there have to say. They can say all the things they didn't have the opportunity or guts to say when they were alive."<ref name=wsj/>

To prevent [[noise pollution]], the audio can also be transmitted to [[wireless headset]]s, made available by the cemetery's office.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Burial monuments and structures]]
[[Category:Headstones]]

Archive:The Quantum World: From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement

2026-09-29T07:26:48Z

Waza: 7 revisions imported: Import with full history

{{Short description|2026 book by Zhian Jia}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=The Quantum World: From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement|timestamp=20260924223407|year=2026|month=September|day=24|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{orphan|date=September 2026}}
{{Infobox book
| name = The Quantum World: From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement
| image = The Quantum World- From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement.jpg
| caption = First edition
| author = [[Zhian Jia]]
| country = [[China]]
| language = Chinese
| subject = [[Quantum Physics]]
| publisher = [[Peking University Press]]
| pub_date = March 1, 2026
| media_type = Print ([[hardcover]] and [[paperback]])
| pages = 302
| isbn = 9787301371206
}}

'''The Quantum World: From Waves to the Mystery of Entanglement''' is a book on quantum physics by [[Zhian Jia]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=中南大学 Zhian Jia |url=https://faculty.csu.edu.cn/jiazhian/en/index.htm |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=faculty.csu.edu.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=中南大学 Zhian Jia's Quantum Information and Theoretical Physics Group |url=https://team.csu.edu.cn/quantum/en/index.htm |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=team.csu.edu.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Zhian Jia in nLab |url=https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/Zhian+Jia |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=ncatlab.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cqt.sg/alumni/22928/ |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=www.cqt.sg}}</ref> published by [[Peking University Press]] in 2026.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://book.douban.com/subject/38236303/ |title=量子世界：从波动到纠缠的物理之旅 |isbn=978-7-301-37120-6 |language=zh-cmn-Hans}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2026-03-01 |title=量子世界：从波动到纠缠的物理之旅 |url=https://www.pup.cn/bookDetail?name=%25E9%2587%258F%25E5%25AD%2590%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%2595%258C%25EF%25BC%259A%25E4%25BB%258E%25E6%25B3%25A2%25E5%258A%25A8%25E5%2588%25B0%25E7%25BA%25A0%25E7%25BC%25A0%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%2589%25A9%25E7%2590%2586%25E4%25B9%258B%25E6%2597%2585&id=284d6e8760484352a90ee3597f0378b5 |url-status=live |website=北京大学出版社}}</ref>

The book gives an accessible yet rigorous account of the strange and counterintuitive realm of the very small. It talks about the historical development of [[Quantum mechanics|quantum theory]], from the [[Wave–particle duality|wave-particle]] debate over light to Planck's quantum hypothesis and Einstein's light quanta. It discusses core concepts such as the wave function, the [[measurement problem]], the [[uncertainty principle]], and the probabilistic nature of the microscopic world. It then extends the discussion to the quantum nature of time, the building blocks of matter including spin and the standard model of [[elementary particle]]s, and finally to the frontiers of [[quantum information]]: [[qubit]]s, entanglement, Bell experiments, [[quantum computing]], and [[topological order]]. The book guides readers through a complete quantum landscape, from foundational theory to cutting-edge technology, and is suitable both for students and researchers seeking to understand quantum physics and for curious readers eager to reconstruct their understanding of reality through a quantum lens.

== Contents ==
The book is organized into five parts. The first part, "The State of All Things," covers the entrance to the quantum garden through the odyssey of light, the wave-particle duality of quanta, and wave functions and quantum ripples. The second part, "The Order of Measurement," examines measurement, collapse and the uncertainty principle, the contextual nature of measurement, and the boundary between the macroscopic and microscopic worlds. The third part, "Time and Evolution," explores time in the quantum world, the uncertainty of time, and the causal order of past and future. The fourth part, "The Building Blocks of All Things," discusses quantum spin and identical particles, and elementary particles and the standard model. The fifth part, "The Mystery of Entanglement," covers quantum bits and the idea that information is physical, quantum entanglement and Bell experiments, quantum computing and complexity, and topological order and new states of matter.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

The following is table of contents:<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

Part I: The State of All Things

Chapter 1: The Entrance to the Quantum Garden: The Odyssey of Light

1.1 Optics Before the Renaissance

1.2 The Debate Between Waves and Particles

1.3 Crossing the World of Electromagnetic Waves

1.4 Blackbody Radiation and Planck's Quantum Hypothesis

Chapter 2: The Quantum: As a Particle and Also as a Wave, Thus Should It Be Viewed

2.1 Einstein's Light Quanta

2.2 Bohr's Quantized Orbits

2.3 Wave-Particle Duality

2.4 Quantum Coherence and the Double-Slit Experiment

Chapter 3: Wave Functions and Quantum Ripples

3.1 The Wave Function and the Schrödinger Equation

3.2 The Probabilistic Interpretation of the Wave Function: Born's Rule

3.3 Quantum Tunneling Effect

3.4 Phase Space and Negative Probability

3.5 The Wave Function of the Universe

Part II: The Order of Measurement

Chapter 4: Measurement, Collapse, and the Uncertainty Principle

4.1 Observables in Quantum Mechanics

4.2 Measurement and Wave Function Collapse

4.3 Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

Chapter 5: The Contextual Nature of Measurement

5.1 Context-Independent Hidden Variable Theories

5.2 The Mermin-Peres Magic Square Game

5.3 Quantum Non-Contextuality Inequalities

Chapter 6: The Boundary Between the Macroscopic and the Microscopic

6.1 Why the Macroscopic World Has No Quantum Effects

6.2 Quantum Decoherence

6.3 Quantum Darwinism

6.4 Measurement and Parallel Worlds

6.5 Schrödinger's Cat

Part III: Time and Evolution

Chapter 7: Time in the Quantum World

7.1 Newton's Absolute Space and Absolute Time

7.2 Einstein's Relativistic Space-Time

7.3 Time Evolution in Quantum Mechanics and Different Pictures

7.4 Quantization of Space-Time

Chapter 8: Uncertain Time

8.1 A Masterpiece of Quantum Timing: The Atomic Clock

8.2 The Time-Energy Uncertainty Relation

8.3 The Quantum Speed Limit

Chapter 9: Past, Future, and Causal Order

9.1 Superposition of Historical Paths and the Double-Slit Experiment

9.2 Feynman's Path Integral: Giving an Intuitive View of Quantum Processes

9.3 Wheeler's Delayed-Choice Experiment

9.4 The Quantum Eraser Experiment

9.5 Quantum Causal Models and Superposition of Causal Order

Part IV: The Building Blocks of All Things

Chapter 10: Quantum Spin and Identical Particles

10.1 The Concept of Spin

10.2 Identical Particles and Statistics

10.3 Bose-Einstein Statistics

10.4 Fermi-Dirac Statistics

Chapter 11: Elementary Particles and the Standard Model

11.1 Dividing the Material World

11.2 Atomic and Molecular Theory

11.3 The Search for Elementary Particles

11.4 The Standard Model and the Dream of Grand Unification

Part V: The Mystery of Entanglement

Chapter 12: Quantum Bits: Information Is Physical

12.1 Classical Information and Classical Bits

12.2 Quantum Information and Quantum Bits

12.3 Quantum Entanglement and Quantum Teleportation

12.4 The Quantum No-Cloning Principle and Quantum Encrypted Communication

Chapter 13: Quantum Entanglement and Bell Experiments

13.1 The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox

13.2 Nonlocality and Bell's Theorem

13.3 Entanglement and Nonlocality

Chapter 14: Quantum Computing and Complexity

14.1 Quantum Computers

14.2 Quantum Algorithms

14.3 An Example of Quantum Speedup: The Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm

14.4 Quantum Complexity: The Boundaries and Depth of Computation

Chapter 15: Topological Order and New States of Matter

15.1 Symmetry and States of Matter

15.2 Phase Transitions and Symmetry Breaking

15.3 Long-Range Entanglement and Topological Order

15.4 The Toric Code

Acknowledgments

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Physics books]]
[[Category:Works about quantum mechanics]]
[[Category:2026 non-fiction books]]

Archive:Political status of Ryukyu

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Archive:Ronin Institute

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{{Short description|Independent scholarly research institute}}

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{{Infobox university
| name = Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship 2.0 (RIIS 2.0)
| logo =
| logo_size =
| image = Ronin new logo.jpg
| image_size = 150
| alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| campus =
| type = Non Profit Research Institute - 501(c)(3)
| motto =
| founders =
| established = {{start date|2025}}
| closed =
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| former_names =
| location = [[Sacramento, California]], U.S.
| province =
| coordinates =
| website = {{URL|http://ronininstitute.org}}
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship 2.0''', commonly called just the '''RIIS 2.0''', is an independent scholarly research institute located in [[California]], United States. The institute conducts dedicated to multidisciplinary study of science and the humanities and supports the work of [[independent scientist]]s and [[scholars]].

The institute consists of research scholars from a range of fields and disciplines, such as [[computational economics]], [[high energy physics]], [[earth sciences]], [[medicine]], [[theology]], [[law]], [[history]] and [[philosophy]]. Most of them are independent, while others have hold positions at traditional universities. The institute regularly holds seminars and conferences and manages grants.

==History==

In 2012, Jon F. Wilkins, an [[evolutionary biology|evolutionary biologist]], and former member of the [[Harvard Society of Fellows]] and [[Santa Fe Institute]], founded the original Ronin Institute in New Jersey. <ref name=BG>Keith O'Brien, [https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2012/05/26/new-idea-for-unemployed-academics/UUZOGe1KNWvUXDl7Yae1IL/story.html "The Ronin Institute for Wayward Academics"], ''Boston Globe'', May 27, 2012</ref> The institute's mission was to aggregate "fractional scholarship" happening outside the academy by creating a new model to support independent researchers.<ref name=Wired>Samuel Arbesman, [https://www.wired.com/2012/05/the-rise-of-fractional-scholarship-and-the-ronin-institute/ "The Rise of Fractional Scholarship and the Ronin Institute"], ''Wired.com'', May 1, 2012</ref>

The original Ronin Institute board of directors elected to officially dissolve the corporation in 2024 due to a number of governance and financial matters.

A group of dedicated Research Scholars came together in April 2024 and created a new, member controlled, non profit 501(c)(3) organization incorporated in Sacramento, CA. According to its official mission, the institute remains "devoted to facilitating and promoting scholarly research outside traditional academic research institutions"<ref name=Ronin>Ronin Institute, [http://ronininstitute.org/mission/ ''Mission''], Organizational Website, accessed December 2025</ref> and providing an alternative to the traditional [[academic job market|academic career path]] and [[academic tenure|tenure track]] appointments.

The name "Ronin" derives from the legend of [[Rōnin]]: samurais who broke with the code of feudal Japan by refusing to commit suicide upon the deaths of their masters. According to Wilkins, the metaphor is analogous to scholars who leave the academy, but continue to pursue scholarly research:
{{Quote|The analogy is, if you're not employed by a university and you're an academic, you're supposed to say, 'Well, I'm not an academic anymore.' You're supposed to sort of commit professional suicide at that point. And what we're saying is, 'You know what? No, we can do this. We don't need a master.<ref name=BG/>}}

The Ronin Institute was closed in 2024,<ref name=RoninSite>Ronin Institute, [http://ronininstitute.org]</ref> but a new Ronin Institute was registered in California in 2025 under the leadership of a different leadership structure called a Council.

==Organization==

The institute is governed by a Council of members known as Fellows and is responsible for organizational and financial management. The Council is advised by working groups that addresses one of the core aspects of the community's activities: communications, events, infrastructure, membership, and research..<ref name=Ronin/>

The institute currently has a single academic position, ‘fellow,’ which allows for a more equitable structure. Fellows (also known as Research Scholars) hold virtual meetings with researchers from numerous countries.<ref name=Wired/>

New changes to the institute's internal regulations and management are expected in the near future.

==Notable scholars==
{{More citations needed section|date=May 2022}}
*[[Lee Altenberg]], evolutionary theory
*[[Laurel Haak]], research policy
*[[Kristina Killgrove]], biological anthropology

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://ronininstitute.org/}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|40.8416|-74.1980|display=title}}

[[Category:Research institutes in New Jersey]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Montclair, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 2012]]
[[Category:Organizations disestablished in 2024]]

Archive:Twimight

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{{Short description|Dormant Twitter client mobile app}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Twimight|timestamp=20260918153309|year=2026|month=September|day=18|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{notability|Products|date=April 2013}}
{{update|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox Software
| name = Twimight
| logo = [[Image:Twimight icon.png|128px|Twimight icon]]
| author = Theus Hossmann
| developer = [[Theus Hossmann]], Paolo Carta, Franck Legendre, Dominik Schatzmann, and others
| released = April 2, 2013
| latest release version = 0.9.3
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2013|04|16}}
| latest preview version =
| operating system = [[Android (operating system)|Android]] [[Android version history|2.3.3 ''Gingerbread'']] and up
| platform = Android phones
| language = English, German/Swiss German, French, Italian, Spanish, Romanian, Serbian, Hebrew
| genre = [[Twitter]] client
| license = [[GNU GPL]] v3
| website = {{URL|http://www.twimight.com/}}
}}

'''Twimight''' was an open source [[Android (operating system)|Android]] [[Client (computing)|client]] for the [[social networking]] site [[Twitter]].<ref name=":0" /> The client let users view in real time "tweets" or [[micro-blog]]ging posts on the Twitter website as well as publish their own.

==Added value==
In addition to being a fully functional, ad-free and open-source <ref>{{cite web|author=Theus Hossmann|url=http://code.google.com/p/twimight/|title=Twimight: The mighty open source Twitter client for Android!|publisher=Google Code|date=2013-04-22|access-date=2013-04-22}}</ref> [[Twitter]] client, Twimight allowed communication if the cellular network is unavailable (for example, in case of a natural disaster). Twimight was also equipped with a feature called the "disaster mode",<ref>{{cite conference|first1=T.|last1=Hossmann|last2=Legendre|first2=F.|last3=Carta|first3=P.|last4=Gunningberg|first4=P.|last5=Rohner|first5=C.|title=Twitter in disaster mode: opportunistic communication and distribution of sensor data in emergencies|book-title=Proceedings of the 3rd Extreme Conference on Communication: The Amazon Expedition|place=Manaus, Brasil|year=2011|publisher=ACM|doi=10.1145/2414393.2414394|isbn=978-1-4503-1079-6}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite conference|first1=T.|last1=Hossmann|last2=Legendre|first2=F.|last3=Carta|first3=P.|last4=Gunningberg|first4=P.|last5=Rohner|first5=C.|title=Twitter in disaster mode: security architecture|book-title=Proceedings of the Special Workshop on Internet and Disasters|place=Tokyo, Japan|year=2011|publisher=ACM|doi=10.1145/2079360.2079367|isbn=978-1-4503-1044-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://facelab.mobi/beauty|title=SCAMPI application TWIMIGHT in Google Play|publisher=ICT-SCAMPI|date=2013-04-18|access-date=2013-04-23|archive-date=2015-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419181854/http://www.ict-scampi.eu/scampi-application-twimight-in-google-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> which users could enable or disable at will. When the disaster mode was enabled and the cellular network was down, Twimight used peer-to-peer communication to let users tweet in any circumstance. Enabling the disaster mode enabled on the phone's [[Bluetooth]] transceiver and connected the user to other nearby phones.<ref>{{Cite journal | last=Gostu Venkata Lakshmi Deepthi |last2=Tumati Naga Sai Mahitha |last3=Karamcheti Tirumala Monika |last4=Anusha Sanampudi |date=2021-04-05 |title=Detecting Rumors from Blogging Sites using Recurrent Neural Networks |journal=IJERT |doi=10.5281/ZENODO.18629794 }}</ref> This created a mobile ad hoc network or [[MANET]], which could be used, for example, to locate missing persons even when the communication infrastructure had failed.

==History==
Twimight started out as a project for a Master thesis at [[ETH Zurich]] in the spring of 2011.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://code.google.com/p/twimight/ The Twimight development website]

{{Twitter Navigation}}

[[Category:Free mobile software]]
[[Category:Mobile social software]]
[[Category:Free and open-source Android software]]
[[Category:Android (operating system) software]]
[[Category:Twitter services and applications]]
[[Category:2013 software]]
[[Category:Wireless networking]]
[[Category:Microblogging software]]
[[Category:Geosocial networking]]

Archive:BengalOS

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Archive:Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States

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{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States|timestamp=20260927073439|year=2026|month=September|day=27|substed=yes}}



{{original research|date=September 2026}}
{{notability|date=September 2026}}

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States
| region1 = [[Congregation Shearith Israel]]
| pop1 = Unknown
| region2 = [[Congregation Mikveh Israel]]
| pop2 = 200 families
| ref2 = <ref>{{Cite web| title=Congregation Mikveh Israel Plans to Expand | author=Jarrad Saffren | url=https://www.jewishexponent.com/congregation-mikveh-israel-plans-to-expand/}}</ref>
| languages = Modern: [[American English]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Aramaic]]
Historical: [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
| religions = [[Judaism]] [[Sephardic laws and customs|(Sephardic rite)]]
| related_groups = Other [[Spanish and Portuguese Jews]], [[Eastern Sephardim|Balkan Sephardim]], [[Paradesi Jews]], [[American Jews]], [[British Jews]], [[History of the Jews in Denmark|Danish Jews]], [[Irish Jews]], [[Anglo-Israelis]], and [[Yekke|Western Ashkenazim]]
}}

'''Spanish and Portuguese Jews''', '''Western Sephardim''', or simply '''S&P''' are the oldest [[American Jews|Jewish]] community in the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction: Origins of the American Jewish Community |url=https://jwa.org/article/introduction-origins-of-american-jewish-community |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Congregational History {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel- Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/about/our-history/congregational-history/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Further|History of the Jews in Colonial America|Jews in New Amsterdam|Spanish and Portuguese Jews}}
[[File:Gomez Mill House.jpg|left|thumb|247x247px|Gomez Mill House in [[Newburgh (town), New York|Newburgh, NY, USA]]. One of the earliest known residences of a Jew in the future United States of America.]]

=== Initial settlements ===
The first Jews to arrive in North America were 23 [[Sephardic Jews|Sephardim]] who fled religious persecution in Brazil after the Portuguese took over and brought the Inquisition in1654.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jews in Colonial New York |url=https://www.philipsemanorhall.com/blog/jews-in-colonial-new-york |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.philipsemanorhall.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The New York Historical |url=https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/new-yorks-first-jews-came-from-brazil |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.nyhistory.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sephardic Jewish Americans {{!}} Religion and Philosophy {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCOhost |url=https://www.ebsco.com/ |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=EBSCO |language=en}}</ref> They landed a few days before Rosh Hashana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Shargel |first=Baila |title=The Jews of Westchester County: A Social History |last2=Drimmer |first2=Harold |publisher=Purple Mountain Press |year=1994}}</ref> Among the prominent people who came were [[Asser Levy]], [[Luis Moises Gomez|Luis Moses Gomez]], Moses and Samuel Levy.<ref name=":1" />

=== Issues with the Reform ===
Not all Spanish-Portuguese were as dedicated to tradition as their fellow congregants. Some, such as [[Isaac Harby]], openly called for [[Reform Judaism|reform]]. Changes included English services, as he claimed that many could not even understand the Hebrew language. Much of his support for reform was due to his belief that his community was ill educated on their own religion and Spanish-Portuguese customs, therefore being defenseless against [[Proselytization and counter-proselytization of Jews|Protestant missionaries]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Feldberg |first=Michael |title=Isaac Harby |url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/history/Modern_History/1700-1914/America_at_the_Turn_of_the_Century/Sephardic_Immigration/Charleston/americanization.shtml |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=My Jewish Learning |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Contributions to George Washington's success ==
Several Sephardim participated in the American Revolutionary War such as [[Francis Salvador]], [[Haym Salomon]], and Moses Seixas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=U |first=Sephardic |date=2023-05-29 |title=The Sephardic Jews in the American Revolutionary War: Contributions to Independence |url=https://sephardicu.com/sephardic-history/the-sephardic-jews-in-the-american-revolutionary-war-contributions-to-independence/ |access-date=2026-06-07 |website=Sephardic U |language=en-US}}</ref> Haym Salomon is considered to be one of the main financiers of the Revolutionary War and key to the success of Washington's Yorktown campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |title=How Haym Salomon Helped to Finance the American Revolution |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/haym-salomon-biography-4178500 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260114193801/https://www.thoughtco.com/haym-salomon-biography-4178500 |archive-date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-09-27 |work=ThoughtCo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Haym Salomon: Biography & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/money/Haym-Salomon |access-date= |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Feldstein |first=Zavi |date=2021-06-02 |title=One Jew's Financial Support for the Revolutionary War |url=https://www.americanjewisharchives.org/snapshots/one-jews-financial-support-for-the-revolutionary-war/ |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=American Jewish Archives |language=en-US}}</ref>

Francis Salvador was the first Jew killed in the Revolutionary War.<ref>{{Cite web |last=nell_porter_brown@harvard.edu |date=2003-01-01 |title=A "portion of the People" {{!}} Harvard Magazine |url=https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2003/01/a-portion-of-the-people-html |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=www.harvardmagazine.com |language=en}}</ref>

In 1790, [https://jewishaction.com/cover-story/moses-seixas-1744-1809-the-promise-of-liberty/ Moses Seixas], the president of Touro Synagogue wrote to George Washington to praise the religious freedoms in the Bill of Rights.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manca |first=Joseph |date=2016-02-01 |title=The Touro Synagogue: Peter Harrison, George Washington, and Religious Freedom in America |url=https://allthingsliberty.com/2016/02/the-touro-synagogue-peter-harrison-george-washington-and-religious-freedom-in-america/ |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=Journal of the American Revolution |language=en-US}}</ref> Washington responded affirming that the U.S. government gives '''"to bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance"'''—anchored Jews firmly within American religious liberty. <ref>{{Cite web |title=From George Washington to the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Island - Wednesday, August 18, 1790 {{!}} George Washington's Mount Vernon |url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/past-projects/quotes/article/for-happily-the-government-of-the-united-states-which-gives-to-bigotry-no-sanction-to-persecution-no-assistance-requires-only-that-they-who-live-under-its-protection-should-demean-themselves-as-good-citizens-in-giving-it-on-all-occasions-their-effectual-s |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=www.mountvernon.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-06-02-0135 |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=National Archives|title=George Washington to the Hebrew Congregation in Newport, Rhode Island, 18 August 1790}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=George Washington’s Letter to the Hebrew Congregation of Newport, Rhode Island {{!}} Loeb Institute {{!}} Columbian College of Arts & Sciences {{!}} The George Washington University |url=https://loeb.columbian.gwu.edu/george-washingtons-letter-hebrew-congregation-newport-rhode-island |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=Loeb Institute {{!}} Columbian College of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=GEFFEN |first=ByDAVID |date=2026-02-14 |title=George Washington’s role in Jewish freedom in US {{!}} The Jerusalem Post |url=https://www.jpost.com/history/article-886447 |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en}}</ref>

[[Gershom Mendes Seixas]], brother of Moses Seixas, was the cantor of [[Congregation Shearith Israel]], in New York and participated in George Washington's inauguration. He was also one of the founders of [[Columbia College, Columbia University|Columbia College.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEIXAS - JewishEncyclopedia.com |url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13396-seixas |access-date=2026-09-27 |website=www.jewishencyclopedia.com}}</ref>

== Culture, traditions, and customs ==
=== Language ===
Despite the name, most Spanish-Portuguese in the United States do not speak [[Spanish language|Spanish]] nor [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], and any vestiges of either language remain only in the Hebrew pronunciation and traditional liturgy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shearith Israel, Oldest Synagogue Here, Rich with Hoary Memories |url=https://www.jta.org/archive/shearith-israel-oldest-synagogue-here-rich-with-hoary-memories |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> An example, [[Benjamin N. Cardozo|Benjamin Nathan Cardozo]], a notable Spanish-Portuguese lawyer and [[Masortim|traditionalist]], "confessed in 1937 that" after centuries in [[British North America]], "his family preserved neither the Spanish language nor Iberian cultural traditions".<ref>{{cite book |author=Aviva Ben-Ur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JZQwMhgF8VkC&pg=PA86 |title=''Sephardic Jews in America: A Diasporic History'' |publisher=NYU Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8147-8632-1 |location=New York |page=86 |access-date=2016-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727093049/https://books.google.com/books?id=JZQwMhgF8VkC&pg=PA86 |archive-date=2020-07-27 |url-status=live}}</ref> His ancestors had lived in [[England]], the British colonies, and the United States since the 17th century.

Some Spanish table songs, most famously [[Bendigamos]], are still sung by many Spanish-Portuguese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=London Sephardi Music - Bendigamos |url=https://sites.google.com/site/londonsephardimusic/table-songs/bendigamos |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=sites.google.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bendigamos {{!}} jewishmusic |url=https://jewish-music.huji.ac.il/en/node/23713 |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=jewish-music.huji.ac.il |language=en}}</ref> However, Bendigamos is believed to have originated among the S&P community of [[Bordeaux|Bordeaux, France]] and originally was sung in [[French language|French]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=London Sephardi Music - Bendigamos |url=https://sites.google.com/site/londonsephardimusic/table-songs/bendigamos |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=sites.google.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Unlike the [[Eastern Sephardim]], the Spanish-Portuguese do not traditionally speak Ladino, but rather standard Spanish and Portuguese.

==== Clerical terminology ====
[[Hazzan]]im in the S&P rite are given the title of "[[The Reverend|Reverend]]". For much of the community's history in America, communities were led by hazzanim who were not ordained [[rabbi]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levine |first=Dr Yitzchok |date=2013-09-11 |title=Reverend Henry Pereira Mendes: Orthodox Stalwart (Part I) |url=https://www.ou.org/life/community/reverend-henry-pereira-mendes-orthodox-stalwart-part/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=OU Life |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Dress ===
[[File:Rabbi Henry Pereira Mendes.jpg|thumb|247x247px|R' Henry Pereira Mendes wearing the traditional robes of Spanish-Portuguese clergy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=e |first=e |date=2016-05-19 |title=Kedoshim and Canonicals 5776 |url=https://www.sephardi.org.uk/kedoshim-and-canonicals/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=S and P Sephardi Community |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='A Most Beloved Part of Our Service':The Slow Procession to the Ark in a Sephardic Synagogue – Covering Religion |url=https://coveringreligion.org/2023/03/06/a-most-beloved-part-of-our-servicethe-slow-procession-to-the-ark-in-a-sephardic-synagogue/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=coveringreligion.org}}</ref>]]Traditionally, Spanish-Portuguese clerical attire consists of [[Clerical clothing|canonical robes]], a [[top hat]], and/or [[Tricorne|tricorn]] depending on the specific community and occasion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our tradition |url=https://www.esnoga.com/en/traditions/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Portugees-Israëlietische Gemeente |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Silk prayer shawl ====
[[File:Solomon Alexander Hart - The Feast of the Rejoicing of the Law at the Synagogue in Leghorn, Italy - Google Art Project.jpg|left|thumb|180x180px|The silk tallitot used by the Livorno S&P community are similar to the American S&P.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Somekh |first=Simone |date=2018-12-11 |title=This $500 Pure Silk Tallit Is Produced In An Italian Village — Alongside Hermes Scarves |url=https://forward.com/life/415714/this-500-pure-silk-tallit-is-produced-in-a-village-in-northern-italy/ |access-date=2026-06-07 |website=The Forward |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=shalommorris |date=2017-06-23 |title=Shelah – The Western Sephardic Talet |url=https://shalommorris.com/2017/06/23/shelah-the-western-sephardic-talet/ |access-date=2026-06-07 |website=Shalom Says Hello |language=en}}</ref>]]
The traditional material used in the production of [[tallit]]ot (prayer shawls) in Spanish-Portuguese communities in the United States, as well as others, is silk. It is theorized that the material contributed to the unique S&P way of donning the shawl.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Somekh |first=Simone |date=2018-12-11 |title=This $500 Pure Silk Tallit Is Produced In An Italian Village — Alongside Hermes Scarves |url=https://forward.com/life/415714/this-500-pure-silk-tallit-is-produced-in-a-village-in-northern-italy/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=The Forward |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Silk Tallit - Jewish Tradition |url=https://talleddiseta.com/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Talled di Seta |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=shalommorris |date=2017-06-23 |title=Shelah – The Western Sephardic Talet |url=https://shalommorris.com/2017/06/23/shelah-the-western-sephardic-talet/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Shalom Says Hello |language=en}}</ref>

=== Traditionalism ===
Spanish-Portuguese communities place a heavy emphasis on the preservation of Western Sephardic liturgical customs and religious traditions, despite the fact that Spanish-Portuguese communities in the US have always included [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazim]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Our Minhag {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel- Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/about/our-minhag/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Thanksgiving service ===
Congregation Shearith Israel has been conducting [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving]] services since President [[George Washington]] first instituted the holiday in 1789.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=Thanksgiving at Shearith Israel {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel - Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/programs/holidays/thanksgiving-at-shearith-israel/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zeffren |first=Tamar |date=2024-11-22 |title=Trustees of Congregation Shearith Israel Regarding Thanksgiving Day, 1847 |url=https://ajhs.org/trustees-of-congregation-shearith-israel-regarding-thanksgiving-day-1847/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=American Jewish Historical Society |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gilson |first=Grace |date=2025-11-28 |title=Oldest Jewish congregation in US launches Manhattan kosher food pantry on Thanksgiving |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/oldest-jewish-congregation-in-us-launches-manhatten-kosher-food-pantry-on-thanksgiving/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref>

=== Architecture ===
Traditionally, Spanish-Portuguese synagogue architecture was based on older structures, such as the [[Portuguese Synagogue (Amsterdam)|Portuguese Synagogue]] of Amsterdam and the [[Old Synagogue of Livorno|Great Synagogue of Livorno]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perelis |first=Ronnie |date=2019 |title=Jewish sacred architecture in the Spanish and Portuguese diaspora |url=https://repository.yu.edu/items/cc20b67e-6bac-43ca-b267-208a8510cfd4 |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=repository.yu.edu}}</ref>
[[File:Spanish-Portuguese Jewish youth honoring Jewish-American veterans of their community.jpg|left|thumb|Spanish-Portuguese Jewish youth place flags on the graves of fallen Jewish veterans at the [[First Shearith Israel Graveyard]] during Memorial Day 2026.]]

=== Memorial Day ===
Every year, Shearith Israel hosts a [[Memorial Day]] ceremony in honor of [[veteran]] members of the community, notably those who perished during the [[American Revolutionary War]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=Memorial Day {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel - Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/programs/holidays/memorial-day/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> The event is attended by the [[Sons of the Revolution]] in the [[New York (state)|State of New York]] [[Colour guard|color guard]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Color Guard |url=https://www.sonsoftherevolution.org/color-guard |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Sons of the Revolution |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
Spanish-Portuguese cuisine in colonial America largely mirrored that of their fellow colonists, albeit with alterations to follow the laws of [[kashrut]]. Commonly eaten foods included corn, beans, fish, preserved fruit, preserved vegetables, and pickled vegetables.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hausman |first=Judith |date=2016-02-25 |title=Foodways of Colonial Sephardim in the Hudson Valley |url=https://hvmag.com/life-style/news/foodways-of-colonial-sephardim-in-the-hudson-valley/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Hudson Valley Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Halakhic approach ==
Though there is no uniquely Spanish-Portuguese approach to halakha, historically the predominant stream of Judaism in the community has been [[Jewish philosophy|rationalist]] and [[Maimonides|Maimonidean]]. [[Kabbalah]] is also notably absent from the S&P rite.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Howard•• |first=Aaron |title=Jewish Herald-Voice |url=https://jhvonline.com/the-legacy-of-spanishportuguese-jewry-p934-89.htm |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=jhvonline.com}}</ref>

== By region ==

=== Northeast ===

=== Southeast ===

=== Midwest ===
[[John Hays (sheriff)|John Jacob Hays]] and [[Samuel Judah (jurist)|Samuel Judah]] were two prominent [[Indiana]] settlers, having migrated to the region from [[New York (state)|New York]].

=== West Coast ===

==== The San Francisco Grandees ====
Spanish-Portuguese Jews began [[American westward movement|establishing themselves]] in [[California]] along with their [[American pioneer|fellow settlers]] in the 19th century. One such settler was [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]]-born, [[Abraham Cohen Labatt]], who established several Reform communities throughout the southern states and [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Association |first=Texas State Historical |title=Abraham Cohen Labatt: Pioneer of Jewish Reform in America |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/labatt-abraham-cohen |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=Texas State Historical Association |language=en}}</ref>

== Modern communities ==

* [[Congregation Shearith Israel]]
* [[Congregation Mikveh Israel]]

== Historical communities ==

* [[Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim Synagogue (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/places/kahal-kadosh-beth-elohim-synagogue.htm |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Touro Synagogue (New Orleans)|Touro Synagogue]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Touro Synagogue |url=http://tourosynagogue.com/about-us/ourhistory/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Touro Synagogue |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Congregation Mickve Israel]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of CMI - Congregation Mickve Israel |url=https://www.mickveisrael.org/history-of-cmi.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260217200527/https://www.mickveisrael.org/history-of-cmi.html |archive-date=2026-02-17 |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.mickveisrael.org}}</ref>
* [[Touro Synagogue]] ([[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]], [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-28 |title=The Touro Synagogue - Newport, RI |url=https://www.thetourosynagogue.org/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[St. Thomas Synagogue|The Hebrew Congregation of St. Thomas]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Historic Synagogue |url=https://synagogue.vi/our-historic-synagogue/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Congregation Beth Ahabah]] (Reform)<ref>{{Cite web |title=History - Congregation Beth Ahabah |url=https://www.bethahabah.org/heritage/history/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260210144343/https://www.bethahabah.org/heritage/history/ |archive-date=2026-02-10 |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.bethahabah.org}}</ref>

== Institutions and organizations ==

=== Theological ===
* [[Orthodox Union]] - Founded by R' Henry Pereira Mendes<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levine |first=Dr Yitzchok |date=2013-09-11 |title=Reverend Henry Pereira Mendes: Orthodox Stalwart (Part I) |url=https://www.ou.org/life/community/reverend-henry-pereira-mendes-orthodox-stalwart-part/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=OU Life |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Markovitz |first=Eugene |date=1966 |title=Henry Pereira Mendes: Architect of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23875623 |journal=American Jewish Historical Quarterly |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=364–384 |issn=0002-9068}}</ref>
* [https://www.jewishideas.org Institute for Jewish Ideas and Ideals] - Founded by Rabbi emeritus of Shearith Israel, [[Marc D. Angel]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} jewishideas.org |url=https://www.jewishideas.org/about-us |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.jewishideas.org}}</ref>
* [[International Rabbinic Fellowship]] - Co-founded by Rabbi Marc. D Angel<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rabbi Marc Angel - MJHI |url=https://manhattanjewish.org/2023_hall_of_fame/rabbi-marc-angel/index.htm |access-date=2026-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Historical ===

* [[Gomez Mill House|'''Gomez Foundation for Mill House''']] - Runs the Gomez Mill House museum<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gomez Mill House: An American Treasure |url=https://www.gomez.org/about.html |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.gomez.org}}</ref>

=== Philanthropic and charitable ===

* [https://www.shearithisrael.org/giving/hebra-hased-vaamet/ Hebra Hased Va’Amet (Hebrew Benevolent Society)] - Oldest active Jewish philanthropic organization in [[New York City]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=1852-11-12 |title=Fiftieth Anniversary of the "Hebra Hased Va Amet" Hebrew Benevolent Society. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1852/11/12/archives/fiftieth-anniversary-of-the-hebra-hased-va-amet-hebrew-benevolent.html |access-date=2026-05-20 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

=== Political ===

* [[Tikvah Fund]] - Conservative organization whose senior scholar is Rabbi [[Meir Soloveichik]] of Shearith Israel<ref>{{Cite web |last=by |title=Meir Soloveichik |url=https://www.tabletmag.com/contributors/meir-soloveichik |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Tablet Magazine |language=en}}</ref>

=== Educational ===

* [[Jewish Theological Seminary of America]] (Historically) - Founded by R' [[Sabato Morais]] and R' [[Henry Pereira Mendes]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-29 |title=History of JTS - Jewish Theological Seminary |url=https://www.jtsa.edu/history-of-jts/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=www.jtsa.edu |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [https://www.shearithisrael.org/programs/youth/ptts-school/ Polonies Talmud Torah School] - First Hebrew school in America<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-20 |title=PTTS Hebrew School {{!}} Congregation Shearith Israel - Manhattan Orthodox Synagogue |url=https://www.shearithisrael.org/programs/youth/ptts-school/ |access-date=2026-06-12 |language=en}}</ref>
* [https://emetclassicalacademy.org Emet Classical Academy] - Jewish [[Preparatory school (United Kingdom)|preparatory school]] in [[Manhattan]] founded by the Tikvah Fund<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Meaning of Trump's $10 Million Grant to a Jewish Nonprofit |url=https://jewishcurrents.org/the-meaning-of-trumps-10-million-grant-to-a-jewish-nonprofit |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Jewish Currents |language=en}}</ref>
* Yeshiva University's [https://www.yu.edu/JLL/Sephardic Sephardic Community Program] - Co-founded by Hakham of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews of the British Commonwealth [[Solomon Gaon]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sephardic Programs |url=https://www.yu.edu/JLL/Sephardic |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Yeshiva University |language=en}}</ref>
* [https://www.thehabura.com/about The Habura] - [[Beth midrash|Beit midrash]] founded by Senior Spanish-Portuguese Rabbi of the United Kingdom [[Joseph Dweck]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} The Ḥabura |url=https://www.thehabura.com/about |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=The Habura |language=en}}</ref>

=== Namesakes ===

* [[Touro University (New York)|Touro University]] - Named after businessman and philanthropist [[Judah Touro]]
* [[Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law]] - Named after Associate Justice of the Supreme Court [[Benjamin N. Cardozo]]

== Publications ==

* ''[[iarchive:oldfaithinnewwor00pool|An Old Faith in the New World: Portrait of Shearith Israel 1654-1954]]'' - Rabbi [[David de Sola Pool]] and Tamar de Sola Pool
* ''[[iarchive:whyiamjew0000davi m8l5|Why I am a Jew]]'' by Rabbi David de Sola Pool
* ''[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.76380|The Kaddish]]'' by Rabbi David de Sola Pool
* ''[[iarchive:bookofprayer0000davi/page/n55/mode/2up|Book of Prayer]]'' by Rabbi David de Sola Pool
* ''[[iarchive:unchanginglawshe00pooliala|The Unchanging Law, Shearith Israel's Heritage and Hope]]'' by Rabbi David de Sola Pool
* ''[[iarchive:seekinggoodspeak0000ange/page/n5/mode/2up|Seeking Good, Speaking Peace]]'' by Rabbi Marc D. Angel
* ''[[iarchive:jewishreligionet00mendiala/page/n3/mode/2up|The Jewish Religion: Ethically Presented]]'' by Rabbi Henry Pereira Mendes
* [[iarchive:estherandharbona00mendiala|''Esther and Harbonah'']] by Rabbi Henry Pereira Mendes
* ''[[iarchive:wsb22f5 images/wsb22f5/|A discourse delivered before the congregation Mikvé Israel of Philadelphia, at their synagogue in Seventh street, on Thursday, June 1, 1865, the day appointed for fasting, humiliation, and prayer, for the untimely death of the late lamented President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln]]'' by Rabbi Sabato Morais
* ''[[iarchive:ws b18f15b/ws b18f15b/|Correspondence of Sabato Morais, 1887]]'' by Rabbi Sabato Morais

== Websites ==

=== Liturgy, customs, and traditions ===

* [https://www.shearithisrael.org/prayer/liturgy/ Congregation Shearith Israel - Liturgy]- Liturgy of Congregation Shearith Israel

=== General ===

* [https://www.sandpcentral.org S&P Central]- Information hub for Spanish & Portuguese / Western Sephardic Jewish Communities

== Media ==

* [[The Book of Negroes (miniseries)|Book of Negroes (miniseries)]] - Features Solomon [[Lindo]], an [[Indigofera|indigo planter]] and [[Slavery in the United States|slaveowner]], who comes to own the protagonist<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martinez |first=Nicole |date=2014-06-29 |title=First Trailer for Mini-Series of Acclaimed 'The Book of Negroes' |url=https://www.abhmuseum.org/first-trailer-for-mini-series-of-acclaimed-the-book-of-negroes/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=America's Black Holocaust Museum |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Field of Lost Shoes]] - Features [[Moses Jacob Ezekiel|Moses Ezekiel]], [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[Battle of New Market|VMI cadet]] and later [[Sculpture|sculptor]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moses Ezekiel |url=https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/moses-ezekiel |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=American Battlefield Trust |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable individuals and families ==

=== Families ===

* [[Gershom Mendes Seixas|Seixas]]
* [[Moses Michael Hays|Hays]]
* Judah
* Gomez
* [[Ephraim Hart|Hart]]
* Guedalia<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-19 |title=An Exclusive Tour of the Shearith Israel Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue Cemetery on West 11th Street - Village Preservation |url=https://www.villagepreservation.org/event/an-exclusive-tour-of-the-shearith-israel-spanish-and-portuguese-synagogue-cemetery-on-west-11th-street/,%20https://www.villagepreservation.org/event/an-exclusive-tour-of-the-shearith-israel-spanish-and-portuguese-synagogue-cemetery-on-west-11th-street/ |access-date=2026-06-14 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Individuals ===
* Rabbi [[David de Sola Pool]] - Former rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel
* Judah Touro - Businessman and philanthropist
* Benjamin N. Cardozo - Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
* [[Isaac Harby]] - Advocate for [[Reform Judaism]]
* [[Lee Cohen Harby]] - Writer
* [[Jacob De Cordova]] - Politician
* [[Judah P. Benjamin]] - Politician, lawyer, and 3rd [[Confederate States Secretary of State|Confederate Secretary of State]]
* Moses Jacob Ezekiel - Sculptor
* [[Edwin Warren Moïse (born 1832)|Edwin Warren Moïse]] - Lawyer, Confederate officer, and Adjutant-General from South Carolina
* [[Francis Salvador]] - Politician and revolutionary
* [[David Levy Yulee]] - Politician and lawyer
* [[Emma Lazarus]] - Poet
* Rabbi [[Isaac Leeser]] - Religious leader
* Rabbi Sabato Morais - Co-founder of the Jewish Theological Seminary
* Rabbi Henry Pereira Mendes - Co-founder of the Orthodox Union and Jewish Theological Seminary
* [[Haym Salomon]] - [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father]] and merchant
* Rabbi Marc D. Angel - Rabbi emeritus of Congregation Shearith Israel
* Rabbi Meir Soloveichik - Current rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel
* Rabbi [[Hayyim Angel]] - Former rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel and professor at [[Yeshiva University]]
* SFC Yosef Malachi Guedalia - IDF soldier and victim of the [[October 7 attacks|October 7th massacre]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Staff |first=ToI |date=2023-10-12 |title=Sgt. First Class Yosef Malachi Guedalia, 22: 'A very gentle, sweet person' |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/sgt-first-class-yosef-malachi-guedalia-22-a-very-gentle-sweet-person/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref>
* Rabbi Shalom Morris - Rabbi of [[Bevis Marks Synagogue]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=RABBI SHALOM MORRIS |url=https://www.sephardi.org.uk/about/rabbis/rabbi-shalom-morris/ |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=S and P Sephardi Community |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* Rabbi Joseph Dweck - Senior rabbi of the Spanish-Portuguese community of the [[United Kingdom]]
* Hazzan [[Gershom Mendes Seixas]] - First native-born Jewish religious leader in the United States
* [[Maud Nathan]] - Labor activist, [[Women's suffrage in the United States|suffragist]], and social worker
* [[Jacob Lumbrozo]] - [[Province of Maryland|Colonial Maryland]] physician, farmer, and trader
* CPT [[Uriah P. Levy]] - First Jewish [[Commodore (United States)|Commodore]] of the [[United States Navy]]
* [[Lawrence Ferlinghetti]] - Poet
* [[William Pereira]] - Architect
* [[Abraham Pais]] - Physicist and science historian
* [[Josh Pais]] - Actor
* [[Josephine Lazarus]] - Essayist, book critic, [[Transcendentalism|transcendentalist]], and [[Zionism|Zionist]]
* [[Solomon Nunes Carvalho]] - Painter, photographer, author, and inventor
* [[Isaac Lopez Brandon]] - One of the earliest recorded [[African-American Jews|Jews of African descent]] in the United States
* [[Jao de la Porta]] - Merchant
* [[Jean Lafitte]] - [[Piracy|Pirate]] and [[privateer]]
* [[Vic Seixas]] - Tennis player
* [[Theodore Solomons]] - Explorer and early [[Sierra Club]] member
* [[Arthur Hays Sulzberger]] - Publisher of the [[The New York Times|New York Times]] from 1935 to 1961
* Rabbi [[Isaac Touro]] - Religious leader and [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|British Loyalist]]
* Hazzan [[Jacques Judah Lyons]] - Religious leader, composer, historian
* [[Judah Monis]] - First [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] instructor in [[North America]]
* [[David L. Lopez]] - Builder, industrialist, slaveowner, and philanthropist
* [[Aaron Lopez]] - Merchant, slave trader, and philanthropist
* [[Morris Lazaron]] - Reform rabbi and writer
* [[Joel Rinaldo]] - Founder of [[Joel's Bohemia]]
* [[Benjamin Nathan]] - Investor, philanthropist, and murder victim
* [[Henri Castro]] - Diplomat and Texas [[empresario]]
* [[Mordecai Manuel Noah]] - Sheriff, playwright, diplomat, journalist, and [[utopia]]n
* [[Daniel De Leon]] - Socialist writer and unionist
* [[Lewis Charles Levin]] - Founder of the [[Know Nothing]]s
* [[Lewis Morrison]] - Actor and only [[African-American Jews|black Jewish]] officer in both the [[United States Army|United States]] and [[Confederate States Army|Confederates States Army]]

=== Notable non-Jewish descendants ===

* [[Eslanda Goode Robeson]] - [[Anthropologist]], author, actress, and [[Civil rights movement|civil rights]] activist
* [[Vic Seixas]] - Tennis player
* [[Jackie Walker (activist)|Jackie Walker]] - Political activist and writer
* [[Mathias de Sousa]] - First colonist of African descent to vote in an American legislature
* [[Paul Robeson Jr.]] - Author, [[archivist]], and historian
* [[Joachim Pissarro]] - Art historian, curator, theoretician, and educator
* [[Harry Belafonte]] - Singer, actor, and civil rights activist
* [[Thomas Cardozo]] - Politician and educator
* [[Henry Cardozo]] - Politician and [[Methodist Episcopal Church|Methodist]] minister
* [[Constance Bennett]] - Actress and producer
* [[Joan Bennett]] - Actress
* [[Curiel family|Coriell and Coryell]] family - Descendants of [[Jacob Curiel]] in the United States

== See also ==

* [[History of the Jews in the Southern United States]]
* [[Military history of Jewish Americans]]
* [[Old Stock Americans]]
* [[First Families of Virginia]]
* [[Boston Brahmin]]
* [[New Netherlander]]
{{Sephardic Jews topics}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:American people of Portuguese-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:American people of Spanish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Sephardi Jewish culture by country]]
[[Category:Sephardi Jewish culture]]
[[Category:Sephardi Jews]]
[[Category:American Sephardic Jews]]

Archive:Personalised external aortic root support

2026-09-29T07:24:11Z

Waza: 27 revisions imported: Import with full history

{{Short description|Medical procedure for aortic root aneurysms}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Personalised external aortic root support|timestamp=20260923162306|year=2026|month=September|day=23|substed=yes|help=off}}


The '''personalised external aortic root support''' ('''PEARS''') is a medical procedure for [[aortic root]] aneurysms, can be in patients with connective tissue disorders such as [[Marfan syndrome]]. This technique uses a bespoke microporous textile mesh jacket, tailored precisely to the dimensions of a persons aorta, providing an alternative to conventional surgical methods.<ref name="Kenny Austin Conal Personalized External">{{cite journal |last1=Kenny |first1=Louise A. |last2=Austin |first2=Conal |last3=Golesworthy |first3=Tal |last4=Venugopal |first4=Prem |last5=Alphonso |first5=Nelson |title=Personalized External Aortic Root Support (PEARS) for Aortic Root Aneurysm |journal=Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery |date=Summer 2021 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=290–305 |doi=10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2021.03.001 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Medical uses==

PEARS is used to support the aortic root and also for the ascending aorta in patients with aortic root aneurysms. It is particularly beneficial for people that have connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, [[Loeys–Dietz syndrome]], or [[bicuspid aortic valve]]. The procedure helps to prevent aortic root expansion and [[aortic dissection]], which can lead to severe complications such as aortic valve regurgitation, rupture, and death.<ref name="BJC">{{cite journal |last1=Pepper |first1=J. |last2=Izgi |first2=C. |last3=Golesworthy |first3=T. J. |last4=Takkenberg |first4=J. J. |last5=Treasure |first5=T. |title=Personalised external aortic root support (PEARS) to stabilise an aortic root aneurysm |journal=British Journal of Cardiology |date=2020 |volume=27 |issue=3 |page=22 |doi=10.5837/bjc.2020.022 |pmid=35747770 |pmc=9205243 }}</ref><ref name="NICE">{{cite report |title=Personalised external aortic root support (PEARS) using mesh to prevent aortic root expansion and aortic dissection in people with Marfan syndrome |publisher=[[National Institute for Health and Care Excellence]] |date=18 May 2022 |ID=IPG724 |url=https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ipg724 }}</ref>

==Procedure==

The PEARS procedure relies on a detailed [[CT scan]] of the patient's aorta. These measurements are then used with [[computer-aided design]] to create a 3D-printed plastic model of the patient's aorta. This model serves as a template for manufacturing the ExoVasc PEARS implant. This implant is made from a soft and pliable biocompatible textile, normally [[polyethylene terephthalate]].{{fact|date=July 2025}}

The surgical process involves opening the chest through the breastbone and wrapping the mesh around the outside of the aorta at the part closest to the heart. This mesh provides support to the aortic root and ascending aorta, reducing the risk of aortic root expansion and aortic dissection.<ref name="Kenny Austin Conal Personalized External"/><ref name="Exstent">{{cite web |title=ExoVasc® Personalised External Aortic Root Support |url=https://exstent.com/exovasc-personalised-external-aortic-root-support/ |publisher=Exstent |year=2024}}</ref>

===Aortic PEARS===

The PEARS procedur supports the dilated aorta in patients with connective tissue disorders. This pocedure is less invasive than traditional surgical options and does not require [[cardiopulmonary bypass]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Treasure |first1=Tom |last2=Austin |first2=Conal |last3=Kenny |first3=Louise Amelia |last4=Pepper |first4=John |title=Personalized external aortic root support in aneurysm disease |journal=Current Opinion in Cardiology |date=29 August 2022 |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=454–458 |doi=10.1097/HCO.0000000000000990 |pmid=36094493 |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10155983/ }}</ref>

===Ross-PEARS===

The Ross-PEARS procedure involves replacing a diseased aortic valve with the patient's own healthy pulmonary valve, and then supporting the aorta via an implant. This procedure is particularly useful for patients who require [[aortic valve replacement]] but wsh to avoid mechanical valve replacement and the associated need for anticoagulation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Treasure |first1=Tom |title=Personalized external aortic root support |journal=Texas Heart Institute Journal |date=2013 |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=549–552 |pmid=24391317 |pmc=3853825 }}</ref>

==Advantages==

One of the significant advantages of the PEARS procedure is that it does not require cardiopulmonary bypass, although it has been used occasionally as an adjunct. The aorta is not clamped or opened, so there is no myocardial ischemia. Additionlly, there is no routine requirement for blood products, nor is there a risk of cerebral ischemia or embolus. This makes the procedure less invasive and reduces the recovery time for patients.<ref name="Treasure Pepper Personalised External">{{cite journal |last1=Treasure |first1=Tom |last2=Pepper |first2=John |title=Personalised External Aortic Root Support (PEARS) Compared with Alternatives for People with Life-Threatening Genetically Determined Aneurysms of the Aortic Root |journal=Diseases |date=15 January 2015 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=2–14 |doi=10.3390/diseases3010002 |doi-access=free |pmid=28943604 |pmc=5548228 }}</ref>

==History==

The concept of PEARS was first proposed in 2000 by Tal Golesworthy, an engineer with familial Marfan syndrome and an aortic root aneurysm. Golesworthy, driven by the need for a less invasive treatment option, assembled a [[research and development]] team to bring his idea to fruition. Collaborating with surgeons, the first clinical implementation of PEARS occurred in 2004, with Golesworthy himself being the first patient to undergo the procedure.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Treasure |first1=Tom |last2=Takkenberg |first2=Johanna J M |last3=Golesworthy |first3=Tal |last4=Rega |first4=Filip |last5=Petrou |first5=Mario |last6=Rosendahl |first6=Ulrich |last7=Mohiaddin |first7=Raad |last8=Rubens |first8=Michael |last9=Thornton |first9=Warren |last10=Lees |first10=Belinda |last11=Pepper |first11=John |title=Personalised external aortic root support (PEARS) in Marfan syndrome: analysis of 1–9 year outcomes by intention-to-treat in a cohort of the first 30 consecutive patients to receive a novel tissue and valve-conserving procedure, compared with the published results of aortic root replacement |journal=Heart |date=15 June 2014 |volume=100 |issue=12 |pages=969–975 |id={{CORE output|43293156}} {{ProQuest|1780732212}} |doi=10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304913 |pmid=24395977 |pmc=4033204 }}</ref>

Since its inception, the PEARS procedure has been performed in hospitals, demonstrating its potential as a viable treatment option. The procedure has undergone health technology appraisal by the [[National Institute for Health and Care Excellence]] (NICE).<ref name="NICE"/>

==See also==
* [[Aortic aneurysm]]
* [[Marfan syndrome]]
* [[Connective tissue]]
* [[Cardiopulmonary bypass]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |last1=Treasure |first1=Tom |last2=Petrou |first2=Mario |last3=Rosendahl |first3=Ulrich |last4=Austin |first4=Conal |last5=Rega |first5=Filip |last6=Pirk |first6=Jan |last7=Pepper |first7=John |title=Personalized external aortic root support: a review of the current status |journal=European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery |date=September 2016 |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=400–404 |doi=10.1093/ejcts/ezw078 |pmid=27032474 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Austin |first1=C. |last2=Mathur |first2=S.K. |last3=Pepper |first3=J. |title=Personalised External Aortic Root Support (PEARS): Utilisation in dilatational aortopathies after the arterial switch operation V4 |journal=International Journal of Cardiology |date=October 2016 |volume=220 |pages=772–774 |doi=10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.248 |pmid=27393865 }}

[[Category:Cardiac surgery]]

New

2026-09-29T07:16:39Z

Waza: Add new wave 1 articles

This is a [[lists|list]] of relatively new pages on this wiki. A lot of them can be linked to from other pages, and then removed from here, as appropriate.

* [[Doorman fallacy]]
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* [[Heartburn in pregnancy]]
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* [[Astromech (company)]]
* [[Sound proofing]]
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* [[Britain–Australia Society]]
* [[Software transactional memory]]
* [[G0.238-0.071]]
* [[Fortified gateway]]
* [[Space Station 14]]
* [[ChiTownBio]]
* [[92.7 Big FM]]
* [[Electromod]]
* [[CarExpert]]
* [[Janhit College of Law]]
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==See also==
* [[Archives]]
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* [[Discussion]]
* [[Meta]]
* [[Archive:New|Archive of New Content List Sept 28 2026]]

[[Category:Navigation]]
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User:Waza/Added

2026-09-29T07:15:41Z

Waza: Add wave 1 AfD imports (8 pages)

Archive:Child Care Management System

2026-09-29T07:09:50Z

Waza: Remove deletion notice

{{Short description|Australian national system}}
'''Child Care Management System''' or CCMS, is an Australian national [[child care]] system that aims to bring all approved child care services online.

Centres must through registered software record child, enrolment and attendance information to the [[Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations]] (DEEWR). This allows for the department to calculate payment of [[Child Care Benefit]] (CCB) fee reductions on behalf of children in their service.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.deewr.gov.au/Earlychildhood/Programs/ChildCareforServices/Pages/Home.aspx |title=Child Care Service Providers |access-date=11 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317141939/http://www.deewr.gov.au/EarlyChildhood/Programs/ChildCareforServices/Pages/Home.aspx |archive-date=17 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> CCBs are payments from the Government of Australia to child care services to take care of children.<ref>[https://leadingedgechildcare.com.au/ Child Care]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*http://www.mychild.gov.au/sites/mychild/childcare-information/pages/benefit {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422234817/http://www.mychild.gov.au/sites/mychild/childcare-information/pages/benefit |date=22 April 2015 }}
*https://www.childcarecoursesinadelaide.com.au/blog/a-rewarding-career-in-childcare-course-adelaide/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310002542/https://www.childcarecoursesinadelaide.com.au/blog/a-rewarding-career-in-childcare-course-adelaide/ |date=10 March 2020 }}

[[Category:Child care]]
[[Category:Child care skills organizations]]

{{Australia-gov-stub}}
{{Socio-stub}}