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User:Idea/Review

Waza — Fri, 13 Nov 2026 22:39:07 GMT

Waza imported User:Idea/Review by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

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These pages were nominated for deletion on English Wikipedia between 7 and 28 October 2026 but were not deleted there. They have been copied into the Archive namespace for review. Each one can be kept here or deleted.

Only the most recent 50 revisions of each page were imported. The full history is still on Wikipedia, and it can be imported later for any page that is kept.

Total: 252 pages.

== Kept (50) ==
* [[Archive:2022 Okmulgee murders|2022 Okmulgee murders]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: killings/violence.
* [[Archive:2026 anti-CEC protests|2026 anti-CEC protests]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K8/M2/R0. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:2026 Eritrean incursion into Ethiopia|2026 Eritrean incursion into Ethiopia]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K17/M4/R0. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:All of Us (2024 TV series)|All of Us (2024 TV series)]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Alpha Plus Group|Alpha Plus Group]]: Kept at AfD, votes D1/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Anonymous proxy|Anonymous proxy]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Anti-Slavic sentiment|Anti-Slavic sentiment]]: Kept at AfD, votes D1/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/racism.
* [[Archive:Aunt|Aunt]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Ayodhya (2005 Tamil film)|Ayodhya (2005 Tamil film)]]: Kept at AfD (speedy keep), votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Bandhan AMC|Bandhan AMC]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Clever (company)|Clever (company)]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K6/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:College football playoff debate|College football playoff debate]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Crown Street, Wollongong|Crown Street, Wollongong]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Dainik Hindusthan|Dainik Hindusthan]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Duck tongue|Duck tongue]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Duke–Georgia Tech football rivalry|Duke–Georgia Tech football rivalry]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Erik Campbell (Final Destination)|Erik Campbell (Final Destination)]]: Kept at AfD, votes D1/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:General Electric Specialty Control Plant|General Electric Specialty Control Plant]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:GenoPro|GenoPro]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hawklords|Hawklords]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:History of the iPhone|History of the iPhone]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K6/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hotcourses Group|Hotcourses Group]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Ichneumon (medieval zoology)|Ichneumon (medieval zoology)]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Isaaq Sultanate|Isaaq Sultanate]]: Kept at AfD (speedy keep), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: clan/ethnicity (mild).
* [[Archive:Lactocyte|Lactocyte]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States|List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of individual dogs|List of individual dogs]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K7/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Little Syria (film)|Little Syria (film)]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:LRQA Group|LRQA Group]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Meta Runner|Meta Runner]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Morărescu Affair|Morărescu Affair]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: massacre.
* [[Archive:Neon Tommy|Neon Tommy]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:NoviSpy|NoviSpy]]: Kept at AfD, votes D1/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/spyware.
* [[Archive:Odogwu|Odogwu]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:OneSpace|OneSpace]]: Kept at AfD (speedy keep), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Out of left field|Out of left field]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Prehistoric Kingdom|Prehistoric Kingdom]]: Kept at AfD, votes D4/K6/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Quantum tic-tac-toe|Quantum tic-tac-toe]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Snow White and the Madness of Truth|Snow White and the Madness of Truth]]: Kept at AfD, votes D1/K5/M2/R0. AdSense: suicide bombing/politics.
* [[Archive:Sokcho Airport|Sokcho Airport]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Star Legends: The Blackstar Chronicles|Star Legends: The Blackstar Chronicles]]: Kept at AfD, votes D1/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Sun-Hwa Kwon|Sun-Hwa Kwon]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Taco trucks on every corner|Taco trucks on every corner]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:Tee|Tee]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Tolkien Black|Tolkien Black]]: Kept at AfD (speedy keep), votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Training of large language models|Training of large language models]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Uncle|Uncle]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Verisk Analytics|Verisk Analytics]]: Kept at AfD, votes D2/K9/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Wendy Testaburger|Wendy Testaburger]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:X-Moto|X-Moto]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Merged (46) ==
* [[Archive:2026 ACC Men's Challenger Cup|2026 ACC Men's Challenger Cup]]: Merged at AfD, votes D1/K1/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2026 French fuel protests|2026 French fuel protests]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M4/R0. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:300-page iPhone bill|300-page iPhone bill]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K4/M6/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Argentina v Benin|Argentina v Benin]]: Merged at AfD, votes D3/K3/M9/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Bleez|Bleez]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Blue Water Bridge Authority|Blue Water Bridge Authority]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Bulgarian order of battle in the First Balkan War|Bulgarian order of battle in the First Balkan War]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:Comparator applications|Comparator applications]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Crimeware|Crimeware]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Developmental disorder|Developmental disorder]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M4/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Equinox (comics)|Equinox (comics)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Exercise Franchise For Good Governance|Exercise Franchise For Good Governance]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: politics (mild).
* [[Archive:Fachhochschule|Fachhochschule]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Fly Gibraltar|Fly Gibraltar]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Flying Tiger (Marvel Comics)|Flying Tiger (Marvel Comics)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Gargoyle (comics)|Gargoyle (comics)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Global surveillance by category|Global surveillance by category]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: politics/surveillance.
* [[Archive:Hijacker (comics)|Hijacker (comics)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Douglas (2020)|Hurricane Douglas (2020)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Flossie (2007)|Hurricane Flossie (2007)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Howard (2004)|Hurricane Howard (2004)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M4/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Madeline (2016)|Hurricane Madeline (2016)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Marie (2026)|Hurricane Marie (2026)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Raymond (2013)|Hurricane Raymond (2013)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:International propagation of the Salafi movement and Wahhabism|International propagation of the Salafi movement and Wahhabism]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K2/M1/R0. AdSense: religion/politics.
* [[Archive:LCPS Policy 8655|LCPS Policy 8655]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D1/K0/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Left-Winger|Left-Winger]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Leyland Hippo Mk II|Leyland Hippo Mk II]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: military vehicle (mild).
* [[Archive:Lipkovo crisis|Lipkovo crisis]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:List of Ares (manhwa) characters|List of Ares (manhwa) characters]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M1/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of autonomous areas by country|List of autonomous areas by country]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Littleton (electoral division)|Littleton (electoral division)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East|May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M7/R0. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:Minori Hanasato|Minori Hanasato]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Operation Dawn of Yemen|Operation Dawn of Yemen]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M5/R0. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:Peninsular Malaysia tornado outbreak of 2014|Peninsular Malaysia tornado outbreak of 2014]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D1/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:People's Defense Force (comics)|People's Defense Force (comics)]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Proof assistant|Proof assistant]]: Merged at AfD (Not Merge), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Reporters' privilege shield laws in the United States|Reporters' privilege shield laws in the United States]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Roughouse|Roughouse]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Security hacker|Security hacker]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Southeastern gentoo penguin|Southeastern gentoo penguin]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Syllis ramosa|Syllis ramosa]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:UKUSA Agreement|UKUSA Agreement]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: intelligence/politics.
* [[Archive:White genocide in South Africa|White genocide in South Africa]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M6/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/violence/politics.
* [[Archive:Wilcoxon Award|Wilcoxon Award]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Redirected (27) ==
* [[Archive:2023 Aung Myin Kone–Tada U tornado|2023 Aung Myin Kone–Tada U tornado]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2026 Abbotsford-Mission provincial by-election|2026 Abbotsford-Mission provincial by-election]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K6/M0/R0. AdSense: politics (mild).
* [[Archive:2026 Donald Trump rally in Grand Island|2026 Donald Trump rally in Grand Island]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K2/M0/R4/Dft1. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:32 Battalion (book)|32 Battalion (book)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: military.
* [[Archive:AmigaOS 4 version history|AmigaOS 4 version history]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Anadrinë offensive|Anadrinë offensive]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M1/R1. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:Audi/Bentley 90° twin-turbocharged V8 racing engine|Audi/Bentley 90° twin-turbocharged V8 racing engine]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Blue Meanies (Yellow Submarine)|Blue Meanies (Yellow Submarine)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K1/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Clouds Blur the Rainbow|Clouds Blur the Rainbow]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:Hansonism|Hansonism]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K3/M2/R2. AdSense: politics/ethnicity.
* [[Archive:Interspecific social behaviour in animals|Interspecific social behaviour in animals]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K1/M3/R0/Dft1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kaplan International Languages|Kaplan International Languages]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R2/Dft1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kelli Presley|Kelli Presley]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of Raruto characters|List of Raruto characters]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M1/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Mercedes-Benz G-Class EV|Mercedes-Benz G-Class EV]]: Redirected at AfD (soft redirect), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Mumbai Delhi Mumbai|Mumbai Delhi Mumbai]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Music of Dance Dance Revolution (2013–present)|Music of Dance Dance Revolution (2013–present)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Pamoja AFCON|Pamoja AFCON]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Pencil suit|Pencil suit]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Quacquarelli Symonds|Quacquarelli Symonds]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Sanki Daroga|Sanki Daroga]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Singapore Mediation Centre|Singapore Mediation Centre]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D3/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Slap the City|Slap the City]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Stella Maris English School|Stella Maris English School]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R4. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:The Chaotix Casefiles|The Chaotix Casefiles]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K1/M2/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:The Fairy Queen (Fablehaven)|The Fairy Queen (Fablehaven)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Water scarcity in Iran|Water scarcity in Iran]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R2. AdSense: politics (mild).

== No consensus (2) ==
* [[Archive:AIREV|AIREV]]: No consensus at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Last Ditch Bar|Last Ditch Bar]]: No consensus at AfD, votes D7/K16/M0/R0. AdSense: alcohol/politics.

== Open, leaning keep (20) ==
* [[Archive:17 October riots|17 October riots]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K11/M4/R0. AdSense: politics/violence.
* [[Archive:Aedinia gens|Aedinia gens]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Airlines of Africa|Airlines of Africa]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K4/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2463, Smithsonian Institution|American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2463, Smithsonian Institution]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Bernadeth|Bernadeth]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Dimes Square|Dimes Square]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K3/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Education in Amaravati|Education in Amaravati]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K3/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Five-a-side football|Five-a-side football]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Galfoy|Galfoy]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K7/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hugo the Abominable Snowman|Hugo the Abominable Snowman]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Ava|Hurricane Ava]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kosovo: A Moment in Civilization|Kosovo: A Moment in Civilization]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:Potential superpower|Potential superpower]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K4/M1/R1. AdSense: geopolitics (mild).
* [[Archive:RationalWiki|RationalWiki]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K5/M1/R3. AdSense: politics/religion (mild).
* [[Archive:Ronan the Accuser|Ronan the Accuser]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K3/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Square One: Michael Jackson|Square One: Michael Jackson]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: sexual abuse allegations.
* [[Archive:Vogtlandian|Vogtlandian]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Voluntary (music)|Voluntary (music)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:W.D. Gaster|W.D. Gaster]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K7/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Yellowjacket|Yellowjacket]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Open, leaning merge or redirect (51) ==
* [[Archive:2003 Bendigo tornado|2003 Bendigo tornado]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2025 Marion, Illinois tornado|2025 Marion, Illinois tornado]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2026 Albanian student protests|2026 Albanian student protests]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/violence.
* [[Archive:20th Century Family|20th Century Family]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:3G adoption|3G adoption]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:AACS encryption key controversy|AACS encryption key controversy]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:AI art|AI art]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:American Descendants of Slavery|American Descendants of Slavery]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:Angular mechanics|Angular mechanics]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Athena Capital|Athena Capital]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Autism and LGBTQ people|Autism and LGBTQ people]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: sensitive health/sexuality (mild).
* [[Archive:Box (comics)|Box (comics)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Chaoba Nongthon|Chaoba Nongthon]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Commentary on Edward Snowden's disclosure|Commentary on Edward Snowden's disclosure]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/surveillance.
* [[Archive:Doctor Bedlam|Doctor Bedlam]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Employee benefits in India|Employee benefits in India]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Equity Group Foundation|Equity Group Foundation]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Factor Three|Factor Three]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Flag of the Western Union|Flag of the Western Union]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Giant pandas around the world|Giant pandas around the world]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Google Play Services|Google Play Services]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:HybriCell|HybriCell]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Indian tax forms|Indian tax forms]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Jerry Jaxon|Jerry Jaxon]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan|Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of Asian tornadoes in 2026|List of Asian tornadoes in 2026]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Mommy's Boy (song)|Mommy's Boy (song)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Montenegro: A Land Divided|Montenegro: A Land Divided]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:Newswire|Newswire]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Non-lexical vocables in music|Non-lexical vocables in music]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Peptidein|Peptidein]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Powerhouse (Marvel Comics)|Powerhouse (Marvel Comics)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Principal (academia)|Principal (academia)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Rector (academia)|Rector (academia)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Religion in Louisville, Kentucky|Religion in Louisville, Kentucky]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: religion.
* [[Archive:Resistants|Resistants]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Rock of Oëtre|Rock of Oëtre]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Skype protocol|Skype protocol]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Snack Foods Limited|Snack Foods Limited]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Spall|Spall]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Srpska: The Struggle for Freedom|Srpska: The Struggle for Freedom]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:The Presumption of Justice|The Presumption of Justice]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: killing.
* [[Archive:The Weight of Chains|The Weight of Chains]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/war.
* [[Archive:The Weight of Chains 3|The Weight of Chains 3]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: war/politics.
* [[Archive:Therapeutic boarding school|Therapeutic boarding school]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: abuse allegations.
* [[Archive:Vice-chancellor|Vice-chancellor]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Volstagg|Volstagg]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K1/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:York Union|York Union]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record|YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Zook (character)|Zook (character)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Özel Çevre Koruma Kurumu|Özel Çevre Koruma Kurumu]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Open, unclear (13) ==
* [[Archive:2026 Yehuda Junction shooting|2026 Yehuda Junction shooting]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: killings/violence.
* [[Archive:Brooklyn Nights|Brooklyn Nights]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Cleversafe Inc.|Cleversafe Inc.]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R1/Dft1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Drarry|Drarry]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K2/M0/R2. AdSense: sexual fan fiction (mild).
* [[Archive:Huddersfield Cricket League|Huddersfield Cricket League]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kworb|Kworb]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of transcontinental countries|List of transcontinental countries]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Minhaj (app)|Minhaj (app)]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: religion.
* [[Archive:Muzan Kibutsuji|Muzan Kibutsuji]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Notwithstanding clause|Notwithstanding clause]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Patriotic hacking|Patriotic hacking]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/cyberattack.
* [[Archive:Pie in the Sky (game engine)|Pie in the Sky (game engine)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:The Bed of Nails (Yes Minister)|The Bed of Nails (Yes Minister)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Earlier nominations, full history (11) ==
These were nominated before 7 October 2026 and survived as a redirect, merge, or draft. Full history up to the last full article revision was imported.
* [[Archive:2022 United Kingdom floods|2022 United Kingdom floods]]: Moved to Draft space on Wikipedia, 92 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Walking Cricket|Walking Cricket]]: Moved to Draft space on Wikipedia, 112 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:2028 Tesla Roadster|2028 Tesla Roadster]]: Moved to Draft space on Wikipedia, 88 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Religious minorities in Pakistan|Religious minorities in Pakistan]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 757 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tripolitsa massacre|Tripolitsa massacre]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 42 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tornado outbreak of August 9, 1993|Tornado outbreak of August 9, 1993]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 63 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Georges tornado outbreak|Hurricane Georges tornado outbreak]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 98 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Koledari|Koledari]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 206 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Effects of Hurricane Beryl in Texas|Effects of Hurricane Beryl in Texas]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 131 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey 3|Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey 3]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 67 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:2006 Central Pacific cyclone|2006 Central Pacific cyclone]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 207 revisions imported.

== October 30, 2026 batch (14) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Transport in Sydney in the 2010s|Transport in Sydney in the 2010s]]: Survived AfD (no consensus), 50 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Japanese pitch accent rules|Japanese pitch accent rules]]: Survived AfD (keep), 50 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Second Republic of China (Taiwan)|Second Republic of China (Taiwan)]]: Survived AfD (no consensus), 27 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Battle of the Ten Kings|Battle of the Ten Kings]]: Survived AfD (keep), 769 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:2026 Turkish LGBTQ raids|2026 Turkish LGBTQ raids]]: Survived AfD (keep), 134 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tamil Eelam (1984–2009)|Tamil Eelam (1984–2009)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 173 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Hârn (campaign set)|Hârn (campaign set)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 31 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Dororonpa!|Dororonpa!]]: Survived AfD (keep), 22 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Mongrel complex|Mongrel complex]]: Survived AfD (no consensus), 159 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Cingulata|Cingulata]]: Survived AfD (kept/closed), 164 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Egg fried rice protests|Egg fried rice protests]]: Survived AfD (keep), 54 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Homat Torat Yisrael|Homat Torat Yisrael]]: Survived AfD (merge), 18 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Andro (Meitei dialect)|Andro (Meitei dialect)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 20 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Steal an Egg|Steal an Egg]]: Redirected on Wikipedia, 81 revisions imported.

== October 31, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Killswitch (video game)|Killswitch (video game)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 15 revisions imported.

== November 1, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:98.12.28 Otokotachi no Wakare|98.12.28 Otokotachi no Wakare]]: Redirected on Wikipedia, 164 revisions imported.

== November 2, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Malfoid|Malfoid]]: Kept at AfD on Wikipedia, 76 revisions imported.

== November 9, 2026 batch (4) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Dar-e-Nijaat|Dar-e-Nijaat]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn, kept); Pakistani TV drama series, 30 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tax withholding|Tax withholding]]: Survived AfD (merge into Pay-as-you-earn tax, not yet carried out); taxation, 309 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Torrey Canyon oil spill|Torrey Canyon oil spill]]: Survived AfD (merge with SS Torrey Canyon, not yet carried out); 1967 oil spill, 268 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Amoco Cadiz oil spill|Amoco Cadiz oil spill]]: Survived AfD (merge with Amoco Cadiz, not yet carried out); 1978 oil spill, 112 revisions imported.

== November 10, 2026 batch (4) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Military budget of the Soviet Union|Military budget of the Soviet Union]]: Survived AfD (kept); Soviet military spending / economics, 60 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Infamy|Infamy]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn by nominator, kept); concept of notoriety, 134 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Linkle|Linkle]]: Survived AfD (speedy keep); Legend of Zelda character, 113 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Minibods|Minibods]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn), later redirected to Oddbods; children's animated series, 4 revisions imported.

== November 11, 2026 batch (3) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Thousand Year Old Vampire|Thousand Year Old Vampire]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn by nominator, kept); solo tabletop role-playing game, 49 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Love & Pop (series)|Love & Pop (series)]]: Survived AfD (kept); TripleS K-pop release series, 71 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Joseph S. Miller House|Joseph S. Miller House]]: Survived AfD (kept as merge target; Kenova Pumpkin House merged into it); historic house in West Virginia, 34 revisions imported.

== November 12, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Forgejo|Forgejo]]: Survived AfD (kept, 5 keep votes); free software Git forge / tech, 81 revisions imported.

== November 13, 2026 batch (3) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:China Law Blog|China Law Blog]]: Survived AfD (kept); legal blog on Chinese business law, 94 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Ogiso monarchy|Ogiso monarchy]]: Survived AfD (kept); early Edo kingdom monarchy, AI-generated tag on article, 182 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Bosniakisation|Bosniakisation]]: Survived AfD (speedy keep); ethnic and cultural assimilation in Bosnia, 122 revisions imported.

User:Idea/Later

Waza — Fri, 13 Nov 2026 22:39:07 GMT

Waza imported User:Idea/Later by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

New page

* [[Archive:Wound bed preparation]]
* [[Archive:Ottoman matchlock musket]]
* [[Archive:Death literacy]]
* [[Archive:Far-right subcultures]] (politics/culture-war hold)
* [[Archive:Personalised external aortic root support]] (medical)
* [[Archive:Spanish and Portuguese Jews in the United States]] (ethnicity-religion)
* [[Archive:Political status of Ryukyu]] (politics)
* [[Archive:Geneva College of Longevity Science]] (medicine/longevity)
* [[Archive:Nootropics Depot]] (supplements)
* [[Archive:Philosophy of Meitei script]] (ethnicity framing)
* [[Archive:Hunterian Professorship]] (medical)
* [[Archive:List of countries by displaced population hosted]] (migration/politics AdSense)
* [[Archive:Venalex]] (supplements)
* [[Archive:Muscle Blaze]] (supplements)
* [[Archive:Controversies surrounding Mahatma Gandhi]] (politics)
* [[Archive:2011 Eclectic–Lake Martin tornado]] (death-adjacent)
* [[Archive:Wasta]] (ethnicity/culture AdSense)
* [[Archive:Glossary of Indian culture]] (ethnicity/culture AdSense)
* [[Archive:Haut Canada Movement]] (politics/nationalism AdSense)
* [[Archive:Romanian Moderate Party]] (politics/nationalism AdSense)
* [[Archive:Clans of Baganda]] (ethnicity/culture AdSense)
* [[Archive:Sanamahism]] (ethnicity/religion)
* [[Archive:Siamese Cambodians]] (ethnicity/culture AdSense)
* [[Archive:Mundum]] (ethnicity/religion AdSense)
* [[Archive:Pana (Meitei culture)]] (ethnicity/culture AdSense)
* [[Archive:British Meitei]] (ethnicity/culture AdSense)
* [[Archive:As (tribe)]] (ethnicity/culture AdSense)
* [[Archive:Kwatha Lai Haraoba]] (ethnicity/religion AdSense)
* [[Archive:Toro (Khamba Thoibi)]] (ethnicity/culture AdSense)
* [[Archive:Grace Bible College (India)]] (religion AdSense)
* [[Archive:Kadayamottai Muslim Central College]] (ethnicity/religion AdSense)
* [[Archive:Charlotte Swenson Memorial Bible Training School]] (religion AdSense)
* [[Archive:Kossuth Lajos Lutheran Grammar School and Pedagogical Secondary School]] — ethnicity/religion
* [[Archive:Islam in Samoa]] — ethnicity/religion
* [[Archive:Jami'a Nooriyya Arabic College]] - ethnicity/religion
* [[Archive:An Act to eliminate the 2013 statutory pay adjustment for Federal employees]] - politics
* [[Archive:Capital Brewery]] - alcohol
* [[Archive:Fluid Truck]] - thin company stub
* [[Archive:List of public disclosures of classified information]] - politics/intelligence
* [[Archive:Nursing in Islam]] - ethnicity/religion
* [[Archive:Albanian–Yugoslav border conflict (1998–1999)]] - war
* [[Archive:Tigray (de facto state)]] - war/politics
* [[Archive:Global surveillance and journalism]] - politics/surveillance
* [[Archive:Animal exploitation]] - animal suffering (mild)
* [[Archive:Germans of Yugoslavia]] - ethnicity framing
* [[Archive:GT Series Cannon]] - weapons
* [[Archive:Battle of Petrinja (1995)]] - war
* [[Archive:Loggim program]] - weapons/military
* [[Archive:Literal English Version]] - religion
* [[Archive:Operation Carbenet]] - weapons/military
* [[Archive:Participatory memetic violence]] - violence
* [[Archive:2002 UN Headquarters shooting]] - firearms/violence
* [[Archive:Medical Technology Group]] - quality review
* [[Archive:Cannibalism in the Arab world]] - gore + ethnicity framing; quality review
* [[Archive:Windward (maritime AI company)]] - quality review
* [[Archive:Semiconductor industry in Japan]] - quality review
* [[Archive:Iranian Shia clerics and opposition to innovation]] - religion/politics; quality review
* [[Archive:Veridical perception]] - quality review
* [[Archive:LSPM J0055+5948]] - quality review
* [[Archive:Wellness guru]] - quality review
* [[Archive:Flawsome (company)]] - quality review
* [[Archive:Serbia Fashion Day]] - quality review
* [[Archive:SWE-bench]] - quality review
* [[Archive:Battle of Srirangam (1262 CE)]] - war (historical); quality review
* [[Archive:GRB 211211A]] - quality review
* [[Archive:Ferrock]] - quality review
* [[Archive:Origins of global surveillance]] - politics/surveillance
* [[Archive:Marxist-Leninist views on Romanticism]] - politics-heavy
* [[Archive:Volt Romania]] - politics
* [[Archive:Fictional presidents of the Confederate States of America]] - politics/Confederacy
* [[Archive:Istituto Marangoni Miami]] - thin promo, AI-written per AfD
* [[Archive:Dickinson State–Valley City State football rivalry]] - AI-generated per AfD; open AfD
* [[Archive:Mass surveillance industry]] - politics/surveillance; open AfD
* [[Archive:New York Plastic Surgical Group]] - medical, promo-lean; open AfD
* [[Archive:Swami Vivekananda Youth Employment Week]] - politics; open AfD
* [[Archive:War in Brda (1805)]] - war; open AfD
* [[Archive:Balochistan, Afghanistan]] - ethnic/regional conflict framing; open AfD
* [[Archive:Alcea (company)]] - pharma, promo-lean; open AfD
* [[Archive:Capture of Kars (1918)]] - war; deleted at AfD
* [[Archive:Te Komititanga]] - AI-written per AfD; deleted at AfD
* [[Archive:Congress for the New Urbanism]] - AI-written per AfD; open AfD
* [[Archive:Diamond made man ( 2026 Movie )]] - AI-written per AfD, thin promo; open AfD
* [[Archive:.G 36.6°C]] - AI-written per AfD, thin promo; open AfD
* [[Archive:Temporary Committee on the ECHELON Interception System]] - politics-heavy (mass surveillance); open AfD
* [[Archive:Connolly Column]] - war and politics-heavy (Spanish Civil War volunteers); open AfD
* [[Archive:Operation Sudbina]] - war (Bosnian War battle); open AfD
* [[Archive:Rexism]] - politics-heavy (Belgian far-right movement); open AfD
* [[Archive:Indiscriminate monitoring]] - politics-heavy (mass surveillance); open AfD
* [[Archive:History of surveillance]] - politics-heavy (surveillance); open AfD
* [[Archive:Battle of Aqsu (1265)]] - war (Golden Horde battle); open AfD
* [[Archive:Team neusta]] - possible thin promo (company); open AfD
* [[Archive:List of NSA controversies]] - politics-heavy (NSA surveillance controversies); open AfD
* [[Archive:The Weight of Chains 2]] - politics-heavy documentary (former Yugoslavia / neoliberal reforms)
* [[Archive:LigoLab]] - thin-promo company / software vendor
* [[Archive:Around the NFL]] - AI-generated tag; sports podcast
* [[Archive:SagamoreHill Broadcasting]] - thin-promo broadcasting company
* [[Archive:Emotional spectrum disorder]] - medical/psychiatric framing
* [[Archive:Conspiracy of Historians]] - conspiracy theory / pseudohistory
* [[Archive:Momentum Cyber]] - cyber/investment company promo; D3 K1
* [[Archive:TTA-ISO]] - new horticultural automation company promo
* [[Archive:Cyber-arms industry]] - weapons / cyber-arms market; AdSense-risk
* [[Archive:Lakeland Baptist Church]] - religious organization; open AfD D2
* [[Archive:FiXT]] - thin-promo independent media / music company
* [[Archive:Freeverse Inc.]] - thin-promo game developer / publisher
* [[Archive:Sanabil]] - deleted at AfD; Saudi investment vehicle (geo/politics)
* [[Archive:Lagan Technologies]] - redirected to Kana Software; company promo; pre-redirect history
* [[Archive:Twinby]] - deleted at AfD; dating-app promo
* [[Archive:Nervos Network]] - cryptocurrency project; open AfD D3
* [[Archive:JOC Group]] - thin-promo trade news company
* [[Archive:Association of Acupuncture Clinicians]] - alt-medicine organization
* [[Archive:2020 Ashby–Dalton tornado]] - disaster with fatality
* [[Archive:Unleashed Software]] - promo, COI-tagged company
* [[Archive:CECOE]] - election observation, politics
* [[Archive:St Andrews Cathedral Priory]] - religion (medieval priory); history, could move to Main
* [[Archive:Concerns and controversies at the 46th Chess Olympiad]] - politics / war sanctions controversy
* [[Archive:Libertarian Party of Hawaii]] - political party
* [[Archive:Animals in the ancient Near East]] - AI-written per AfD (machine translation)
* [[Archive:Vernacular feminism in country music]] - AI-generated and original research tags; gender politics
* [[Archive:Silver generation]] - AI-written per AfD
* [[Archive:Military operations in Kosovo during the Rambouillet conference]] - war
* [[Archive:Pavel Hlava film]] - death/violence (9/11 attack footage); AI concerns at AfD
* [[Archive:1974 Brandenburg tornado]] - disaster with deaths
* [[Archive:Recovery Dharma]] - religion and addiction recovery; thin promo per AfD
* [[Archive:Tools For Humanity]] - thin promo (crypto/biometrics company)
* [[Archive:Captain Omer Neutra Memorial Park]] - war memorial (Israel–Hamas war framing)
* [[Archive:Extracranial germ cell tumor]] - medical (pediatric cancer); merge proposed
* [[Archive:2026 Saudi Aramco AW139 crash]] - disaster with deaths
* [[Archive:Firdaws-i Bareen]] - AI-generated tag; religious legend framing (Nizari Assassins)
* [[Archive:Hispanic Health Council]] - ethnicity framing; peacock/promo tag
* [[Archive:Spree AI]] - thin promo (AI fashion tech company)
* [[Archive:Facial Autologous Muscular Injection]] - graphic medical (cosmetic surgery procedure)
* [[Archive:Patriarchal Centre, Puthencruz]] - religion; rewritten from AI-generated draft per AfD
* [[Archive:HM Transport]] - LLM-translated per AfD (draftify votes); Philippine bus company
* [[Archive:Central nervous system cavernous hemangioma]] - graphic medical (brain vascular malformation)
* [[Archive:Jafar (Pashtun tribe)]] - ethnicity framing; possibly LLM-created draft per AfD
* [[Archive:Tow Boh Keong]] - religion (Taoist temple); AI-assisted creation per AfD
* [[Archive:KENNA]] - thin promo (Nigerian law firm)
* [[Archive:ELOY Awards]] - thin promo (award event run as marketing per AfD)
* [[Archive:First English Civil War, 1642]] - war (1642 campaign); open AfD as superseded 1911 EB-based fork
* [[Archive:Zionism is Racism (U.S. motion)]] - politics-heavy; open AfD leaning delete (2 delete votes, sourcing mainly primary)
* [[Archive:Rashmi (Hindu astrology)]] - religion (Hindu astrology); open AfD (delete nomination only)
* [[Archive:Prefrontal analysis]] - COI-tagged psychology stub; open AfD (delete nomination only)

User:Waza/Added

Waza — Fri, 13 Nov 2026 22:39:07 GMT

Waza imported User:Waza/Added by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

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Archive:Bosniakisation

Waza — Fri, 13 Nov 2026 22:38:55 GMT

Waza imported Archive:Bosniakisation by file upload (122 revisions) Import with full history

New page

{{short description|Process of cultural assimilation in parts of southern Europe}}{{Use British English|date=November 2026}}

'''Bosniakisation''' designates the process of [[ethnicity|ethnic]] and [[cultural assimilation]] of non-Bosniak individuals or groups into the [[Bosniaks (ethnic group)|Bosniak]] ethnocultural corpus. Historically, bosniakisation was directed mainly towards some other [[South Slavs|South Slavic]] groups, like ethnic [[Muslims (ethnic group)|Muslims]] (''Muslimani'') in former [[Yugoslavia]].{{sfn|Kurpejović|2014|p=}} Since Bosniaks are [[Sunni Muslims]], Bosniakisation was also manifested towards some distinctive ethnoreligious minorities within [[Serbs|Serbian]] and [[Croats|Croatian]] national corpus, mainly towards [[Serb Muslims|Serbian Muslims]] and [[Croat Muslims|Croatian Muslims]]. The process had its peak in 1993, when the Bosnian Muslim political leadership adopted the Bosniak name.
==History==
This process was initiated in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], originally during the period of [[Austro-Hungarian]] administration (1878–1918), when the first political projects were designed to create an integral "Bosnian", and then a special "Bosniak" nation. An integral "Bosnian" project proved to be unachievable even during the Austro-Hungarian administration, as not only the Bosnian Serbs but also the Bosnian Croats offered determined resistance to the creation of an integral "Bosnian" nation. Therefore, the focus shifted to a special "Bosniak" project, which gained a firm foothold in the Bosnian-Herzegovinian government. The key role in the design and implementation of these projects was played by Austro-Hungarian Minister Benjamin Kalai, who from 1882 to 1903 was responsible for Bosnia and Herzegovina.{{sfn|Kraljačić|1987|p=}}

As a foothold for Bosniak ethnogenesis and history, Bogomilism and a non-Slavic origin had been contrived. Then, after the direct influence of the [[Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina|Ottoman Conquest]], a cultural identity was imposed (through the process of [[Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Islamization]]). This gave to the ultimate expression of a Bosniak specificity, which has led to the religious doctrine of ethnos. The Bosniak project was restarted at the time of the breakup of Yugoslavia, when Yugoslavian Muslims decided to rename themselves ethnic "Bosniaks". This process initially affected much of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Then it spread to northeastern Montenegro and southwestern Serbia,<ref>{{cite web|title=Савремени српско-хрватски односи|author=Чедомир Антић|url=http://www.napredniklub.org/savremeni-srpskohrvatski-odnosi/|website=www.napredniklub.org}}</ref> including the [[Raška region]], as well as parts of [[Kosovo]].

By the early 1990s, a vast majority of Bosnian Muslims identified as [[Muslims (ethnic group)|ethnic Muslims]]. According to a poll from 1990, only 1.8% of the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina supported the idea of a "Bosniak" national identity (by then already an essentially [[archaism|archaic]] term), while 17% considered the name to encompass all of the inhabitants of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Their main political party, the [[Party of Democratic Action]], rejected the idea of Bosniak identity and managed to expel those who promoted it. The supporters of the Bosniak nationhood established their political party, the [[Muslim Bosniak Organisation]], and received only 1.1% of the votes during the 1990 general election.{{sfn|Bougarel|2009|p=125}} At the 1991 census, 1,496 people identified as Muslims-Bosniaks, 1,285 as Bosniaks and 876 as Bosniaks-Muslims, totalling to 3,657 or 0.08% of the total population.{{sfn|Etnička obilježja stanovništva|1993|p=10}}

On 27 September 1993, however, after the leading political, cultural, and religious representatives of Bosnian Muslims held an assembly and at the same time when they rejected the [[Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War#Owen–Stoltenberg plan|Owen–Stoltenberg peace plan]] adopted the Bosniak name deciding to "return to our people their historical and national name of Bosniaks, to tie ourselves in this way for our country of Bosnia and its state-legal tradition, for our Bosnian language and all spiritual tradition of our history". The main reason for the SDA to adopt the Bosniak identity, only three years after expelling the supporters of the idea from their party ranks, was due to foreign policy considerations. One of the leading SDA figures [[Džemaludin Latić]], the editor of the official gazette of the party, commented on the decision stating that: "In Europe, he who doesn't have a national name, doesn't have a country" and that "we must be Bosniaks, that what we are, to survive in our country". The decision to adopt the Bosniak identity was primarily influenced by the change of opinion of the former communist intellectuals such as [[Atif Purivatra]], [[Alija Isaković]] and those who were a part of the pan-Islamists such as [[Rusmir Mahmutćehajić]] (who was a staunch opponent of Bosniak identity), all of whom saw the changing of the name to Bosniak as a way to connect the Bosnian Muslims to the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina.{{sfn|Bougarel|2009|p=128}}

Bosniakisation was often manifested through cultural and educational programs. In 1996, the [[Atlantic Council of the United States]] noted that "Non-Muslims in Sarajevo, Tuzla, and other areas under Bosniak control feel increasingly alienated in their own communities as a result of a wide array of government decisions, from the "Bosniakization" of the school curriculum".{{sfn|Atlantic Council of the United States|1996|p=}} Specific forms of Bosniakisation were also integrated into linguistic policy,{{sfn|Lehfeldt|1999|p=89}} and perception of regional history.{{sfn|Džaja|2002|p=245}}{{sfn|Fetahagić|2020|p=206}}

==Sandžak==
Sandžak is a very ethnically diverse region. Most Muslims declared themselves [[Muslims (ethnic group)|ethnic Muslims]] in the 1991 census. By the 2002-2003 census, however, most of them declared themselves Bosniaks. There is still a significant minority that identifies simply as Muslims (by ethnicity).

The second half of the 19th century was pivotal in shaping the current ethnic and political landscape in Sandžak. [[Austria-Hungary]] supported Sandžak's separation from the Ottoman Empire, or at least its autonomy within it. The reason was to prevent Serbia and [[Kingdom of Montenegro|Montenegro]] from unifying, and allow Austria-Hungary's further expansion to the Balkans. Per these plans, Sandžak was seen as part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while its Muslim population played a significant role, giving Austrian-Hungarians a pretext for protecting the Muslim minority from the Christian Orthodox Serbs.{{sfn|Górak-Sosnowska|2011|p=329}}

There were a larger presence of Albanians in Sandžak in the past, however due to various factors such as migration, assimilation, along with mixing, many identify as Bosniaks instead.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Banac|first=Ivo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zf6tDwAAQBAJ|title=The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-0194-8|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Malcolm|first=Noel|url=http://archive.org/details/kosovoshorthisto0000malc_m3s3|title=Kosovo : a short history|date=1998|publisher=London : Macmillan|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-333-66612-8}}</ref>

Insisting on the imposition of Bosniaks and the spreading of a Bosniak project outside of Bosnia, a controversy erupted on the part of Yugoslav ethnic [[Muslims (ethnic group)|Muslims]] primarily in Serbia and Montenegro. In opposing the imposition of Bosniaks, president of the Muslim ''Matica'' in Montenegro, Dr. Avdul Kurpejović explicitly stressed in 2014 that the "Greater Bosniak Nationalist, Islamic Assimilation Program" is based exactly on the [[Islamic Declaration of Alija Izetbegović|Islamic Declaration]] of [[Alija Izetbegović]].<ref>[http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/304272/Specijalni-dodaci/Muslimani-su-nacionalna-manjina Авдул Курпејовић (2014): Муслимани су национална мањина]</ref>

In 1700, after the [[Great Migrations of the Serbs|Great Serb Migration]], the Albanian [[Kelmendi (tribe)|Kelmendi]] and other Albanian tribes like the [[Shkreli (tribe)|Shkreli]] of Rugova established themselves in the region of [[Rožaje]] and the neighboring town of Tutin in Serbia. The [[Shala (tribe)|Shala]], [[Krasniqi]], and [[Gashi (tribe)|Gashi]] also moved into the region.<ref>{{cite book | title=Tutin i okolina | publisher=Serbian Academy of Science and Arts | author=Mušović, Ejup | year=1985 | page=27 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lp0MAAAAIAAJ&q=%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%99%D0%B8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Tribes of Albania,: History, Culture and Society|date=24 April 2015|publisher=Robert Elsie|pages=104|isbn=9780857739322|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2IpDAAAQBAJ&dq=shala+tribe&pg=PA124}}</ref><ref name="Kaser">{{cite book |last1=Kaser |first1=Karl |title=Hirten, Kämpfer, Stammeshelden: Ursprünge und Gegenwart des balkanischen Patriarchats |date=1992 |publisher=Böhlau Verlag Wien |isbn=3205055454 |page=163 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXEocmR9X-gC&pg=PA150|ref=Kaser}}</ref> Starting in the 18th century many people originating from the [[Hoti (tribe)|Hoti tribe]] have migrated to and live in Sandžak, mainly in the Tutin area, but also in Sjenica.<ref name="Biber">{{cite web |last1=Biber |first1=Ahmet |title=HISTORIJAT RODOVA NA PODRUČJU BJELIMIĆA |url=https://mail.medzlis-konjic.com/index.php/knjige-i-tekstovi/odabrani-tekstovi/tekstovi-vezani-za-konjic/1622-historijat-rodova-na-podrucju-bjelimica |publisher=Fondacija "Lijepa riječ" |ref=Biber |access-date=2022-04-21 |archive-date=2020-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221233539/https://mail.medzlis-konjic.com/index.php/knjige-i-tekstovi/odabrani-tekstovi/tekstovi-vezani-za-konjic/1622-historijat-rodova-na-podrucju-bjelimica |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Catholic Albanian groups which settled in Tutin in the early 18th century were converted to Islam in that period. Their descendants make up the large majority of the population of Tutin and the [[Pešter plateau]].{{sfn|Veljović|2021|pp=197-199}}

Members of the [[Shkreli (tribe)|Shkreli]] (known as ''Škrijelj'' /{{langx|sr|Шкријељ}}) and [[Kelmendi]] (known as ''Klimenti'' /{{langx|sr|Клименти}}) beginning around 1700 migrated into the lower [[Pešter]] and Sandžak regions. The Kelmendi chief had converted to Islam, and promised to convert his people as well. A total of 251 Kelmendi households (1,987 people) were resettled in the Pešter area on that occasion, however five years later a part of the exiled Kelmendi managed to fight their way back to their homeland, and in 1711 they sent out a large raiding force to bring back some other from Pešter too.{{sfn|Elsie|2015|p=32}} The remaining Kelmendi and Shkreli converted to Islam and became [[Slavic languages|Slavophones]] by the 20th century, and as of today they now self-identify as part of the [[Bosniaks|Bosniak]] ethnicity, although in the Pešter plateau they partly utilized the Albanian language until the middle of the 20th century. There are still some Albanian villages in the Pešter region: [[Ugao]], [[Boroštica]], [[Doliće (Sjenica)|Doliće]] and [[Gradac (Sjenica)|Gradac]].<ref name="Elsie2015">{{cite book|first=Robert |last=Elsie|title=The Tribes of Albania: History, Society and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EzWCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81|date=30 May 2015|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-78453-401-1|pages=81}}</ref> Factors such as some intermarriage undertaken by two generations with the surrounding (Muslim) Bosniak population along with the difficult circumstances of the Yugoslav wars (1990s) made local Albanians opt to refer to themselves in censuses as Bosniaks. Elders in the villages still have a degree of fluency in the language.<ref>Andrea Pieroni, Maria Elena Giusti, & Cassandra L. Quave (2011). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225732430_Cross-Cultural_Ethnobiology_in_the_Western_Balkans_Medical_Ethnobotany_and_Ethnozoology_Among_Albanians_and_Serbs_in_the_Pester_Plateau_Sandzak_South-Western_Serbia Cross-cultural ethnobiology in the Western Balkans: medical ethnobotany and ethnozoology among Albanians and Serbs in the Pešter Plateau, Sandžak, South-Western Serbia.]" ''Human Ecology''. '''39'''.(3): 335. "The current population of the Albanian villages is partly “bosniakicised”, since in the last two generations a number of Albanian males began to intermarry with (Muslim) Bosniak women of Pešter. This is one of the reasons why locals in Ugao were declared to be “Bosniaks” in the last census of 2002, or, in Boroštica, to be simply “Muslims”, and in both cases abandoning the previous ethnic label of "Albanians," which these villages used in the census conducted during “Yugoslavian” times. A number of our informants confirmed that the self-attribution "Albanian" was purposely abandoned in order to avoid problems following the Yugoslav Wars and associated violent incursions of Serbian para-military forces in the area. The oldest generation of the villagers however are still fluent in a dialect of Ghegh Albanian, which appears to have been neglected by European linguists thus far. Additionally, the presence of an Albanian minority in this area has never been brought to the attention of international stakeholders by either the former Yugoslav or the current Serbian authorities."</ref>

The Slavic dialect of [[Gusinje]] and [[Plav, Montenegro|Plav]] (sometimes considered part of Sandžak) shows very high structural influence from Albanian. Its uniqueness in terms of language contact between Albanian and Slavic is explained by the fact that most Slavic-speakers in today's Plav and Gusinje are of [[Albanians|Albanian]] origin.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Matthew C.| first1=Curtis |title=Slavic-Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence |publisher=The Ohio State University |year=2012|page=140}}</ref>

==Gora==
A number of [[Gorani people]] were a subject of Bosniakisation in recent history.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nomachi|first=Motoki|date=2019|title=The Gorani People in Search of Identity: The Current Sociolinguistic Situation Among the Gorani Community of the Former Yugoslavia|url=http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/coe21/publish/no34_ses/pp.375-412.pdf|location=Sapporo, Japan|journal=Slavis Eurasian Studies |issue=34}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=May 2022}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Gorani People During the Kosovo War: Ethnic Identity in the Conflict|last=Dankaz|first=Musa|publisher=La Salle University|year=2018|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|pages=51, 52, 75, 77-78}}</ref>

==See also==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Bosniaks]]
* [[Bosniak nationalism]]
* [[Muslims (ethnic group)]]
* [[Gorani people]]
* [[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
* [[Serbisation]]
* [[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
* [[Croatisation]]
{{colend}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Literature ==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite book|author=Atlantic Council of the United States|title=Bosnia's Security and US Policy in the Next Phase: A Policy Paper|date=1996|location=Washington|publisher=International Research and Exchanges Board|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DTzAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Dimitrova|first=Bohdana|title=Bosniak or Muslim? Dilemma of one Nation with two Names|journal=Southeast European Politics|year=2001|volume=2|issue=2|pages=94–108|url=http://www.seep.ceu.hu/issue22/dimitrovova.pdf}}
* {{cite book|last=Bougarel |first=Xavier |date=2009 |chapter=Od "Muslimana" do "Bošnjaka": pitanje nacionalnog imena bosanskih muslimana |trans-chapter=From "Muslims" to "Bosniaks": the question of the national name of the Bosnian Muslims |title=Rasprave o nacionalnom identitetu Bošnjaka – Zbornik radova |trans-title=The discussions on the national identity of Bosniaks - a collection of papers |publisher=Institut Za Istoriju}}
* {{cite book |last=Bougarel |first=Xavier |author-link=Xavier Bougarel |date=2018 |title=Islam and Nationhood in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Surviving Empires |location=New York |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781350003613}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Đečević|first1=Mehmed|last2=Vuković-Ćalasan|first2=Danijela|last3=Knežević|first3=Saša|title=Re-designation of Ethnic Muslims as Bosniaks in Montenegro: Local Specificities and Dynamics of This Process|journal=East European Politics and Societies and Cultures|year=2017|volume=31|issue=1|pages=137–157|doi=10.1177/0888325416678042|s2cid=152238874}}
* {{Cite book|last=Džaja|first=Srećko M.|title=Die politische Realität des Jugoslawismus (1918-1991): Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung Bosnien-Herzegowinas|year=2002|location=München|publisher=R. Oldenbourg Verlag|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jX1pAAAAMAAJ|isbn=9783486566598}}
* {{cite book |author= |date=1993 |title=Etnička obilježja stanovništva: rezultati za Republiku i po opštinama |trans-title=Ethnic characteristics of the population: results for the Republic and by municipalities |language=sh |url=https://fzs.ba/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Etnicka-obiljezja-stanovnistva-bilten-233.pdf |location=Sarajevo |publisher=Agency for Statistics of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina |ref={{harvid|Etnička obilježja stanovništva|1993}}}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fetahagić|first=Sead S.|chapter=The Most Golden Age: A Discourse Analysis of Representations of Medieval Bosnia in Secondary-School History Textbooks in the Federation of BiH|title=Nationhood and Politicization of History in School Textbooks: Nationhood and Politicization of History in School Textbooks|year=2020|location=Cham|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oa7QDwAAQBAJ|pages=181–212|isbn=9783030381219}}
* {{cite book |last=Górak-Sosnowska |first=Katarzyna |year=2011 |title=Muslims in Poland and Eastern Europe: Widening the European Discourse on Islam |location=Warszaw |publisher=Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Warszaw |isbn=978-8390322957 }}
* {{Cite journal|last=Jović|first=Dejan|title=Identitet Bošnjaka/Muslimana|journal=Politička Misao: Časopis za Politologiju|year=2013|volume=50|issue=4|pages=132–159|url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/164737}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Kraljačić|first1=Tomislav|title=Kalajev režim u Bosni i Hercegovini (1882-1903)|date=1987|location=Sarajevo|publisher=Veselin Masleša|isbn=9788621000968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2VBpAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Kurpejović|first=Avdul|title=Analiza nacionalne diskriminacije i asimilacije Muslimana Crne Gore|year=2014|location=Podgorica|publisher=Matica muslimanska Crne Gore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-dPNjwEACAAJ|isbn=9789940620035}}
* {{Cite book|last=Kurpejović|first=Avdul|title=Ko smo mi Muslimani Crne Gore|year=2018|location=Podgorica|publisher=Matica muslimanska Crne Gore|url=http://maticamuslimanska.me/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Ko-smo-mi-Muslimani-Crne-Gore.pdf}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Lehfeldt|first=Werner|title=Zur gegenwärtigen Situation des Bosnischen|journal=Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch|year=1999|volume=45|pages=83–90|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=btFhAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Pokos|first1=Nenad|last2=Hasanbegović|first2=Zlatko|title=(Tro)jedan narod: Bošnjaci, Muslimani i Hrvati muslimani u Hrvatskoj u popisima stanovništva 2001. i 2011. godine|journal=Društvena Istraživanja|year=2014|volume=23|issue=3|pages=427–448|url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/192111|doi=10.5559/di.23.3.03|doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite book|last=Tanasković|first=Darko|title=Islam i mi|year=2000|edition=1.|location=Beograd|publisher=Partenon|isbn=9788677430078|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m2MtAQAAIAAJ}}
* {{cite journal |last=Veljović |first=Bojana M. |title=Морфолошке одлике глаголских облика говора Тутина, Новог Пазара и Сјенице |trans-title=Morphological features of verb forms in speech from Tutin, Novi Pazar and Sjenica |url=https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/bitstream/handle/123456789/12761/veljovic.tutin.2021.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |journal=Српски дијалектолошки зборник |issue=68 |year=2021 |page=197-199}}
{{refend}}

{{Cultural assimilation|sp=ize}}

[[Category:Bosniak people]]
[[Category:Bosnian War]]
[[Category:Social history of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Cultural assimilation]]
[[Category:Slavicisation]]

Archive:Ogiso monarchy

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{{AI-generated |date=October 2026 |reason=[[Wikipedia:AI noticeboard/Vanderwaalforces]]}}
{{Short description|Ruling dynasty of Igodomigodo}}
{{Use Nigerian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox family
| type = [[Royal house]]
| origin =
| country = [[Igodomigodo]]
| founded = 10th century CE
| founder = Igodo
| dissolution = {{circa|1100 CE}}
| final_ruler = Owodo
| seat = [[Benin City]]
| historic_seat = [[Ovia South-West|Udo]]
| titles = [[Ogiso]]
| current_region = [[Nigeria]]
}}

The {{lang|bin|'''Ogiso'''}} were the earliest known ruling monarchy of the [[Edo people|Edo]] kingdom of [[Igodomigodo]], founded by Igodo, the first [[Ogiso]]. The monarchy began around 900 AD and lasted until the early 12th century when it was succeeded by the [[Obas of Benin|Oba monarchy]]. The Ogiso monarchy influenced the early sociopolitical structure of the region by introducing centralised governance and laying the foundations for the [[Benin Empire]].

Throughout its existence, the Ogiso monarchy had thirty-one rulers and notable among them were Ogiso Igodo, the first ruler, and Ogiso Ere, who implemented several administrative and cultural reforms. This era saw the establishment of settlements, the integration of various chiefdoms, and the growth of proto-urban centers, with [[Udo, Nigeria|Udo]] and [[Benin City]] being prominent examples.

The decline of the Ogiso monarchy began with the rule of the last Ogiso, Owodo, whose reign was marked by internal conflict and public dissatisfaction. This led to his banishment and a period of interregnum, during which the nobleman Evian attempted to establish his own line of succession. However, the people eventually rejected this, inviting a prince from Ife to restore order, thus beginning the Oba monarchy. The legacy of the Ogiso monarchy remains in the cultural and historical consciousness of the Benin people, reflected in their traditions, folklore, and archaeological findings.

== History ==
{{further|List of the Ogiso}}

=== Origin and establishment ===
There are two competing Edo [[Origin myth|traditions of origin]]. One tradition holds that initially there was no land on earth. Accordingly, [[Osanobua]] (God) requested three sons to descend from the sky in a canoe. One son, named [[Ogiso Igodo|Igodo]], created land by pouring sand on the water, and Osanobua made him king of the Edo and of the world.{{Efn|Some traditions say Igodo was thought to have come from the sky due to his great wisdom.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-34003-2_18 |chapter=The West-African Kingdom of Benin |title=Empires to be remembered |year=2022 |last=Harding |first=Leonhard |series=Universal- und kulturhistorische Studien. Studies in Universal and Cultural History |pages=429–447 |doi=10.1007/978-3-658-34003-2_18 |isbn=978-3-658-34002-5 }}</ref>}} ''Ogiso'' hence means "king from the sky".<ref>{{Citation |last=Harding |first=Leonhard |chapter=The West-African Kingdom of Benin |date=2022 |title=Empires to be remembered: Ancient Worlds through Modern Times |series=Universal- und kulturhistorische Studien. Studies in Universal and Cultural History |pages=429–447 |editor-last=Gehler |editor-first=Michael |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-34003-2_18 |access-date=2025-03-14 |place=Wiesbaden |publisher=Springer Fachmedien |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-658-34003-2_18 |isbn=978-3-658-34003-2 |editor2-last=Rollinger |editor2-first=Robert|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref> Conversely, the other tradition claims the Edo migrated from the northeast around 1000 CE,{{Efn|Some traditions say that a people from the grasslands of the Sudan came south on horseback, fleeing Islam, to intermarry with the Edo around 1000 CE.<ref name="Sandomirsky 2005">{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of African history |editor-last=Shillington |editor-first=Kevin |title=Benin, Empire: Origins and Growth of City-State |year=2005 |last=Sandomirsky |first=Natalie |doi=10.4324/9780203483862 |isbn=978-1-135-45670-2 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203483862/encyclopedia-african-history-3-volume-set-kevin-shillington|url-access=subscription }}</ref>}} and after a temporary stay at [[Ile-Ife]], settled their present-day homeland.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Lawal |first=Babatunde |title=Benin (Edo city-state) |date=2016 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Empire |pages=1–6 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe124 |access-date=2025-03-13 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe124 |isbn=978-1-118-45507-4|url-access=subscription }}</ref> According to oral tradition and historical records, the {{lang|bin|Ogiso}}s were regarded as [[Divine kingship|divine rulers]].{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=185}}

The establishment of the Ogiso monarchy marked the beginning of a centralised political structure in the region now known as Benin. Igodo, the first Ogiso, played a role in laying the foundations for the kingdom's administrative and political systems. He governed various Bini chiefdoms and communities, integrating them into a cohesive entity.{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=186}}

Based on early oral sources, [[Dmitri Bondarenko]] considers the settlement of [[Udo (state)|Udo]], located northwest of present-day Benin City, to have been the initial capital of the Ogiso, and to have been a Yoruba [[city-state]]. Thus he considers Igodo to have been a Yoruba chief who conquered the Edo, and this how the institution of kingship came to the Edo. He only considers the first three Ogiso to have been Yoruba.{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=187}}

=== The Reign of Ogiso Igodo ===
[[Igodo|Ogiso Igodo]], the first king of the Ogiso monarchy, played a key role in establishing the early Benin Kingdom. His reign marked the beginning of centralised governance, uniting various chiefdoms and communities under a single political entity.{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=185}} Igodo's leadership is often associated with semi-mythical qualities, emphasising his perceived divine origin as a "king from the sky."{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=186}}

His efforts to integrate various Bini chiefdoms and promote unity among the people were crucial in consolidating the kingdom.{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=188}} Under Igodo's rule, the kingdom experienced growth and development. He implemented administrative and social reforms that facilitated governance of the unified territory. These reforms included the establishment of proto-urban centers and the introduction of practices that would later be integral to the Benin Kingdom.{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=189}}

Historical records and oral traditions provide insights into Igodo's contributions, despite the mythical elements of his rule. His leadership emphasised diplomacy and the incorporation of diverse cultural elements into the kingdom's administration.{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=190}}

Igodo's reign also saw the beginnings of important cultural practices and religious observances that continued to be significant in the Benin Kingdom. The concept of divine kingship, where the ruler was seen as a mediator between the people and the spiritual world, became a central aspect of Ogiso governance.{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=191}}

The Ogiso monarchy experienced the reign of many influential kings and queens including Ogiso Igodo, Ere, Orire, Akhuankhuan, Ekpigho, Oria, Emose, Orhorho, [[Oriagba]], [[Odoligie]], [[Uwa (Ogiso)|Uwa]], [[Ehenneden|Ehenenden]], [[Obioye]], [[Arigho]], and [[Owodo]].{{sfn|Egharevba|1968|pp=1–4}}

[[File:Ikhaladerhan.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Ekaladerhan, the son of the last Ogiso of [[Igodomigodo]], Owodo|Ekaladerhan (also spelt as Ikhaladerhan), the son of Owodo]]

=== Decline and transition ===
The decline of the Ogiso monarchy began with the reign of its last ruler, [[Ogiso Owodo]]. His tenure was marked by internal conflicts, public discontent, and a series of events that led to his downfall.{{sfn|Egharevba|1968|p=3}} Owodo struggled to address the kingdom's issues, leading to a loss of authority and control. Domestic problems, including the barrenness of his wives and the banishment of his only son, Ekaladerhan, further weakened his power.{{sfn|Egharevba|1968|p=3}}

Owodo was eventually overthrown by the people of the city. In his place they chose Evian, a popular and powerful ''Ogifa'', earth-priest and chief of the native Efa people, as ''okaevbo'' or head of state.{{sfn|Bondarenko|Roese|2004|p=104}} The decline of the Ogiso monarchy resulted in a power vacuum and chaos within the kingdom. The lack of central authority and continued conflicts among the nobility exacerbated the situation, testing the kingdom's unity and stability.{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=192}} Evian's attempt to pass power to his son Ogiamwen, creating a new royal dynasty, was resisted. The ''Edionevbo'' (ruling council) refused to sanction the move, and sent emissaries requesting that a prince of [[Ile-Ife]] restore order and legitimacy to their throne.{{sfn|Bondarenko|Roese|2004|p=110}}{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=193}}

Historical traditions in Benin diverge on the details of these events. The 'official' tradition records that [[Oranmiyan]], son of [[Oduduwa]], accepted the council's invitation; his arrival marked the beginning of the new dynasty and the establishment of the title "Oba" for the rulers of Benin.<ref name = Akinola>{{cite journal |last1=Akinola |first1=G. A. |title=The Origin of the Eweka Dynasty of Benin: a Study in the Use and Abuse of Oral Traditions |journal=Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria |date=1976 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=21–36 |jstor=41971248 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41971248 |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Oranmiyan's acceptance of the throne was seen as a continuation of the divine and legitimate lineage that the people of Benin desired.{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=194}} His rule brought a renewed sense of stability and order to the kingdom, ending the period of turmoil that had characterised the final years of the Ogiso monarchy.{{sfn|Egharevba|1968|pp=3–4}}

Another tradition, first recorded in the 1970s, provides a different backstory.<ref name = Bondarenko03>{{cite journal |last1=Bondarenko |first1=Dmitri |author1-link=Dmitri Bondarenko |title=Advent of the Second (Oba) Dynasty: Another Assessment of a Benin History Key Point |journal=History in Africa |date=2003 |volume=30 |page = 68|doi=10.1017/S0361541300003144 |jstor=3172082 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3172082 |access-date=12 March 2025}}</ref> While several versions exist, they all argue that the founding Oba was not a [[Yoruba people|Yoruba]] but was instead either [[Ekaladerhan]] or his son, natives of Benin who were in exile in Ife. Some go further, claiming that Ekaladerhan and Oduduwa are the same person, and therefore that the [[Edo people|Edo]] were responsible for the foundation or organization of Ile-Ife.<ref name = Akinola/><ref>{{cite news | last=Osawe | first=Ambrose | title=Benin, kingdom of the sky-kings | newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=15 June 2013 | url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/06/benin-kingdom-of-the-sky-kings/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria| issn=0794-652X | access-date=17 November 2024}}</ref> Historians generally see these alternative accounts as recent inventions or distortions of older historical traditions in response to the dynamics of modern Nigerian society.<ref name = Bondarenko03/><ref name = Akinola/>

== Cultural and societal impact ==
The period of the Ogiso monarchy is considered a time of social creation and development.{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=186}} Archaeological evidence and oral traditions provide insights into this era. The dynasty saw the emergence of proto-urban centers and the integration of various cultural and social practices that would later influence the development of the Benin Kingdom. The reign of the Ogiso is characterised by the establishment of cultural and religious practices, some of which continue to be observed in modern Benin.{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=189}}

Religion and mythology were central to the Ogiso monarchy, shaping the cultural and societal framework of the kingdom. The Ogiso were considered divine rulers, intermediaries between the spiritual and physical realms. This status was reflected in the title "Ogiso," meaning "king from the sky".{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=185}} Religious practices during the Ogiso period involved worshiping various deities and performing rituals to ensure the kingdom's prosperity.{{sfn|Bondarenko|2001|p=186}}

The Ogiso monarchy is known for its contributions to the arts and crafts, which were significant in the kingdom's cultural development. Skilled craftsmen and artisans emerged during this period, producing intricate works of art, including wood carvings and bronze sculptures.{{sfn|Egharevba|1968|pp=1–2}}

== See also ==

* [[List of the Ogiso]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite journal | last=Bondarenko | first=Dmitri M. | title=Ancient Benin: Where Did the First Monarchs Come From? | journal=Asian and African Studies | publisher=Institute of Oriental Studies of the [[Slovak Academy of Sciences]] | volume=10 | issue=2 | year=2001 | issn=2585-8793 | pages=185–198}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Bondarenko |first1=Dmitri |last2=Roese |first2=Peter |title=Between the Ogiso and Oba Dynasties: An Interpretation of Interregnum in the Benin Kingdom |journal=History in Africa |date=2004 |volume=31 |pages=103–115 |doi=10.1017/S0361541300003417 |jstor=4128520 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4128520 |access-date=12 March 2025}}
* {{cite book |last=Egharevba |first=Jacob |author-link=Jacob Egharevba |title=[[A Short History of Benin]] |date=1968 |publisher=[[C.M.S. Press]] |isbn=9789781212390 |pages=30–33}}

[[Category:African royal families]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Africa]]
[[Category:Edo people]]
[[Category:Nigerian traditional rulers]]

Archive:China Law Blog

Waza — Fri, 13 Nov 2026 22:37:53 GMT

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{{Orphan|date=October 2026}}

'''China Law Blog'''<ref>[http://www.chinalawblog.com China Law Blog website]</ref> is an English language legal blog, covering Chinese law and its effects on international business. The blog began publishing in 2006, and it focuses on the legal issues that impact non-Chinese companies that are doing business in or with China. Its coverage includes the contractual, intellectual property, foreign investment, manufacturing, international trade, and disputes these companies face.

== History and coverage ==
China Law Blog began publishing in 2006. Its original writers, Dan Harris and Steve Dickinson were attorneys at Harris Moure at the time, and they co-led the firm's international law practice. Harris Moure is now Harris Sliwoski and Steve Dickinson has retired from the practice of law and from writing for the blog. Dan Harris remains as the blog's lead writer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Best China Business Blogs |url=https://www.echinacities.com/ |access-date=2026-11-04 |website=www.echinacities.com |language=en}}</ref> The blog describes its mission as explaining how Chinese law applies to commercial transactions and disputes and its goal is to help foreign businesses avoid legal problems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=China Law |date=2006-01-04 |title=INTRODUCTION TO OUR BLOG |url=https://harris-sliwoski.com/chinalawblog/introduction-to-our-blog/ |access-date=2026-11-04 |website=Harris Sliwoski LLP |language=en-US}}</ref>

The blog also sometimes discusses broader legal, business, and political issues that impact companies that do business with China. In an interview published by Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business, Harris discussed the blog's coverage of changes in Chinese law enforcement, intellectual property rights, foreign investment regulations, and anti-corruption measures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Staying Legal in China: an Interview with Dan Harris |url=https://english.ckgsb.edu.cn/knowledge/article/staying-legal-in-china-an-interview-with-dan-harris/ |access-date=2026-11-04 |website=CKGSB Knowledge |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
It was chosen as one of the top 100 law blogs (blawgs) by the ''[[ABA Journal]]'' (journal of the [[American Bar Association]]) in 2007,<ref>[http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/aba_journal_blawg_100 ABA Journal Blawg 100 2007]</ref> 2008,<ref>[http://www.abajournal.com/blawg100/2008/regional ABA Journal Blawg 100 2008]</ref> 2009<ref>[http://www.abajournal.com/blawg100/2009/geo ABA Journal Blawg 100 2009]</ref> and 2010.<ref>[http://www.abajournal.com/blawg100/2010/niche ABA Journal Blawg 100 2010]</ref> In 2012, the ABA Journal chose it as one of the 100 best law blogs of all time and inducted it into its Blawg Hall of Fame.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Journal |first=A. B. A. |title=Blawg 100 Hall of Fame |url=https://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/blawg_hall_of_fame |access-date=2026-11-04 |website=ABA Journal |language=en}}</ref> It also was voted best China Business/Law Blog in a contest sponsored by Chinalyst<ref>[http://www.chinalyst.net/node/19231 China Blog Awards: Best China Blogs winners]</ref> and ''Business Week'' named it as its blog of the week.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_20/c3984017.htm?chan=search | work=Bloomberg Business Week | title=China, Courtside}}</ref>

== Use as a legal research resource ==
China Law Blog is in several guides for China legal research. The Yale Law School Library lists it among resources addressing Chinese law and business issues and Harvard Law School lists it in its China research guide, describing it as a business law blog written from a practitioner's perspective.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-10 |title=Chinese Legal Research {{!}} Lillian Goldman Law Library |url=https://library.law.yale.edu/research-guides/chinese-legal-research |access-date=2026-11-04 |website=library.law.yale.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhang |first=Nongji |title=Research Guides: People's Republic of China Legal Research: Introduction to China's Legal System |url=https://guides.library.harvard.edu/c.php?g=310179&p=2071162 |access-date=2026-11-04 |website=guides.library.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref> It is also listed in the University of California College of the Law, San Francisco Chinese Law Research Guide.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Ferrin |title=LibGuides: Chinese Law Research Guide: Guide Overview |url=https://libguides.uclawsf.edu/china-law/home |access-date=2026-11-04 |website=libguides.uclawsf.edu |language=en}}</ref> The Law Library of the U.S. Congress lists it as a Chinese law resource and preserves many of its posts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China Law Blog |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0001505/ |access-date=2026-11-04 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:American websites]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2006]]
[[Category:American blogs]]
[[Category:Law blogs]]

Archive:Prefrontal analysis

Waza — Fri, 13 Nov 2026 22:37:41 GMT

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{{Short description|Type of constructive imagination}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Prefrontal analysis|action=deletion|timestamp=20261113123740|year=2026|month=November|day=13|help=off|demospace=n|substed=y|origtag=afd}}


{{COI|date=March 2026}}
{{notability|date=March 2026}}
'''Prefrontal analysis (PFA)''' is a type of active [[Imagination#Constructive imagination|constructive imagination]] that allows humans to mentally reduce an object into parts.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vyshedsky |first1=Andrey |title=Neuroscience of Imagination and Implications for Human Evolution |journal=Curr Neurobiol |date=2019 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=89–109 |url=http://currentneurobiology.org/neurobiology/neuroscience-of-imagination-and-implications-for-humanevolution.pdf}}</ref> For example, humans can recall a kettle and then mentally break a handle. The imaginary kettle with the broken handle, a horse without the tail, or a cow without the ear are novel objects since they were never before observed physically. The process of generating these objects in the mind is the process of image decomposition or analysis, as opposed to [[Prefrontal Synthesis]] that involves combining two or more objects together.

On the neurological level, PFA is hypothesized to involve desynchronization of the part of an [[object-encoding neuronal ensemble]] (objectNE) from the rest of the ensemble. For example, when one imagines a kettle with a broken handle, the [[lateral prefrontal cortex]] (LPFC) desynchronizes the handle from the rest of the objectNE of the kettle. LPFC-driven shift of a part of the objectNE out-of-phase with the rest of the ensemble, results in the perception of a new object encoded by those neurons that remain firing synchronously.

PFA was coined in to define the component of active imagination acquired by the first stone tools makers ''[[Homo habilis]]'' and ''[[Homo erectus]]''. Manufacturing a [[handaxe]] out of a cobble requires a mental template of the future handaxe. According to Ian Tattersall, “To make a carefully shaped handaxe from a lump of rock not only demanded a sophisticated appreciation of how stone can be fashioned by fracture, but a mental template in the mind of the toolmaker that determined the eventual form of the tool.”<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tattersall |first1=Ian |title=Becoming human : evolution and human uniqueness |date=1999 |publisher=Harcourt Brace |isbn=978-0156006538 |edition=1st}}</ref> In neurological terms, the “mental template” is an objectNE encoded in the [[neocortex]] of the toolmaker. Critically, the mental template could not have been recalled from memory. It must have been actively imagined by the toolmaker by analyzing the objectNE encoding the original cobblestone.

Since all attempts to teach stone tools manufacturing to apes have failed so far,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Toth |first1=Nicholas |last2=Schick |first2=Kathy D. |last3=Savage-Rumbaugh |first3=E.Sue |last4=Sevcik |first4=Rose A. |last5=Rumbaugh |first5=Duane M. |title=Pan the Tool-Maker: Investigations into the Stone Tool-Making and Tool-Using Capabilities of a Bonobo (Pan paniscus) |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |date=January 1993 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=81–91 |doi=10.1006/jasc.1993.1006|bibcode=1993JArSc..20...81T }}</ref> it is suggested that PFA was acquired after humans have split from chimpanzee line 6 million years ago. Improvement of stone tools from [[Stone Tools#Mode I: The Oldowan Industry|Mode One]] to [[Stone Tools#Mode II: The Acheulean Industry|Mode two]] and [[Stone Tools#Mode III: The Mousterian Industry|Mode Three]] have been hypothesized to reflect improvements in PFA ability.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vyshedsky |first1=Andrey |title=Neuroscience of Imagination and Implications for Human Evolution |journal=Curr Neurobiol |date=2019 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=89–109 |url=http://currentneurobiology.org/neurobiology/neuroscience-of-imagination-and-implications-for-humanevolution.pdf}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Imagination]]

{{Psychology-stub}}

Archive:Rashmi (Hindu astrology)

Waza — Fri, 13 Nov 2026 22:37:31 GMT

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{{Short description|Sighting of light in a day in Hindu astrology}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Rashmi (Hindu astrology)|action=deletion|timestamp=20261113131339|year=2026|month=November|day=13|help=off|demospace=n|substed=y|origtag=afd}}


{{astrology}}
In [[Hindu astrology]], '''Rashmi''' means the very first ray of light.

There is also a reference to a Ketu (Comet) by name 'Rasmi' in Brihat Samhita of Varahamihira with commentary by Bhattotpala (Sloka 40, Chapter XI, page 158). It describes that this Comet Rasmi Ketu makes itself visible by its ashy-coloured crest.

==Etymology==
''Rashmi'' ([[Sanskrit]]: रश्मि) meaning "The very first ray of light", beam, string, rope, ray of hope, splendour, rein, leash, whip, goad, and food,<ref>{{cite web|title=Spoken Sanskrit dictionary|publisher=spokensanskrit. De|url=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=+Rashmi&trans=Translate&direction=AU}}</ref> but this term is generally associated with the [[Sunlight|solar rays]] even though all burning objects are luminescent and emit light-rays.)

==Overview==
All planets in the [[Solar System]] and the [[Moon]] bask in the glory of the brightly burning Sun; they are seen to shine because they are constantly reflecting in all directions the solar rays they receive which are actually [[Radiant energy|energy-beams]]. These ''rashmis'' or light-rays, the [[electromagnetic radiation]], which have a direct impact on the lives of all living beings on earth. One of many names of Sun in Sanskrit is "Rashmi Rathi".{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

== Calculation of ''Rashmi bala'' or strength==
The effect of the solar rays reflected by these heavenly bodies on to the earth gets modified according to the kind and nature of the particular ''[[Hindu zodiac|rasi]]'' or [[astrological sign]] covered by them during the course of their transits, i.e. orbital motion round the Sun. Thus, when it is in deep exaltation, the [[Sun (astrology)|Sun]] emits ''rashmis'' or light-rays of maximum strength–value of 10, the [[Moon (astrology)|Moon]], of 9, [[Mars (astrology)|Mars]] of 5, [[Mercury (astrology)|Mercury]] of 5, [[Jupiter (astrology)|Jupiter]] of 7, [[Venus (astrology)|Venus]] of 8 and [[Saturn (astrology)|Saturn]] of 5 units, and when in deep debilitation their rashmi-strength is 0 unit.<ref>{{cite book|title=Brihat Parasara Hora Sastra|author=Parasara|publisher=Internet archive |quote=Chapter 73|url=https://archive.org/stream/ParasharaHoraSastra/BrihatParasharaHoraSastraVedicAstrologyEbook_djvu.txt}}</ref>

According to the method described by [[Parasara]] in his ''[[Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra|Brihat Parasara Hora Shastra]]'', the ''rashmi–strength'' for each of their intervening positions is to be calculated on pro–rata basis, which value would decrease or increase as they move towards or away from their point of deep debilitation. If the planet is in its sign of exaltation the ''rashmi–value'' initially arrived at is to be trebled; in its ''Moolatrikona'' sign, it is to be doubled, and in own sign to be multiplied by two and divided by two; in its intimate friend's sign to be multiplied by four and divided by three and in a friendly sign it is to be multiplied by six and divided by five, if in an inimical sign the ''rashmi–value'' originally arrived at is to be halved, in the sign of a bitter–foe the original ''rashmi–value'' should be multiplied by two and divided by five but no correction is to be made when the planet is in a neutral sign. The corrected ''rashmi–value'' of each of the seven astrological planets barring the Lunar-nodes is then to be totalled.<ref>{{cite book|title=Brihat Parasara Hora Sastra|author=Parasara|publisher=Internet archive |quote=Chapter 73|url=https://archive.org/stream/ParasharaHoraSastra/BrihatParasharaHoraSastraVedicAstrologyEbook_djvu.txt}}</ref>

Janardan Harji in the section of [[Mansagari]] devoted to the effects of ''Rashmi-bala'' states that in case the planet is in its exaltation sign, the ''rashmi-value'' gained by a planet is to be trebled, if it is in its own sign or ''dwadasamsa'' or intimate friends sign the said value is to be doubled, if it is debilitated then the value is to be reduced by 1/16th and if it is debilitated but in retrograde motion the rashmi-value gained is to be doubled.

==Effect==
Parasara tells us that the person, even if born in a well-to-do family, will remain poor and unhappy if collectively the ''rashmi–value'' is five or less than five, if the sum total of ''rashmis'' contributed by all planets at the time of birth is between six and ten, the person will be poor and a manual labourer without wife and children. A person blessed with eleven ''rashmis'' will have meagre wealth and few children; with twelve ''rashmis'' possess meagre wealth but will be wicked and an idiot; with thirteen ''rashmis'' the person will be a thief; with fourteen ''rashmis'' the person will be wealthy, learned and have a family; with fifteen ''rashmis'' the person will possess good qualities, be head of family and proficient; with sixteen ''rashmis'' most distinguished in the family; with seventeen ''rashmis'' an employer of many; with eighteen rashmis one has and maintains a large family; with nineteen ''rashmis'' earns a good reputation and becomes well-known; with twenty ''rashmis'', blessed with a large family and many relatives; with twenty-one ''rashmis'', maintains and protects fifty people; with twenty-two ''rashmis'', very charitable and kind; with twenty-three ''rashmis'' well-cultured and happy, and if the total ''rashmis'' are between twenty-four and thirty the person will be healthy, powerful, well-connected and rich. The person blessed with rashmis aggregating between thirty-one and forty will be a high official or a minister supporting one hundred to a thousand persons, between forty-one and fifty ''rashmis'' the person will be a ruler or a king, and with more than fifty ''rashmis'' the person will be the all-powerful ruler of men.

With regard to the afore-stated results, Parasara qualifies that these will hold true according to the conditions and family status of the person at birth, and according to the particular signs distance-wise from the deep debilitation point etc.; occupied by the planets – that the effects of planets moving from their debilitation to exaltation will be full, otherwise it will be less and less. He declares that correct predictions cannot be made without taking into account the collective ''rashmi-bala'' of all planets and their effects.<ref>{{cite book|title=Brihat Parasara Hora Sastra|author=Parasara|publisher=Internet archive |quote=Chapter 73|url=https://archive.org/stream/ParasharaHoraSastra/BrihatParasharaHoraSastraVedicAstrologyEbook_djvu.txt}}</ref>

Janardan Harji states that if the sum total of the ''rashmis'' thus gained is between one and five, the person will be unhappy, devoid of family, troubled, wicked, poor and bad in speech and conduct; if that sum total is between six and ten ''rashmis'', the person will be not have any relatives and helpful friends, will reside abroad or far away from place of birth, be unfortunate and slovenly; if between eleven and fifteen ''rashmis'', the person will be a chief, respected, happy, head of family and a ''dharmatma''; between sixteen and twenty ''rashmis'', the person will be a much praised dignitary and occupy a high official post; if between twenty-one and twenty-five ''rashmis'', the person will possess a radiant and powerful personality, be courageous, learned, brave, successful and renowned; if between twenty-five and thirty ''rashmis'', the person will gain support from the high and powerful quarters, hold an important and trustworthy position or become a close adviser or a minister; between thirty-one and thirty- seven ''rashmis'', progressively graded, the person will be wealthy holding a very important commanding position or a ruler; and if the total ''rashmis'' gained exceed thirty-seven, the person will become a king or ruler more powerful and influential the more ''rashmis'' are gained. The low or high status in one's life depends on the lesser or the greater number of rashmis gained at the time of birth; similarly on the basis of the lesser or greater number of rashmis gained at the time of death can be known the ''Adhamagati'' or the ''Madhyamagati'' or the ''Uttamagati'' attained by the deceased.<ref>{{cite book|title=Janama Patra Prabodhsamhita Mansagari|author=Roop Narain Jha|publisher=Savitri Thakur Prakashan|pages=326–334}}</ref>

If at the time of query malefic planets endowed with more ''rashmi-bala'' are in the 6th, the 8th and the 12th or aspect these bhavas the ailing person will not survive but if benefic planets are similarly placed the patient will survive.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jyotish Vidya|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Hindu astrology]]

Review queue

Waza — Fri, 13 Nov 2026 21:48:07 GMT

Add Precision fermentation and the insulin precedent

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:48, 13 November 2026
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	== To review ==		== To review ==
			* [[Precision fermentation and the insulin precedent]] (November 13)
	* [[Off-grid mesh texting when cell towers go dark]] (November 13)		* [[Off-grid mesh texting when cell towers go dark]] (November 13)
	* [[Why village cash transfers barely raised prices]] (November 12)		* [[Why village cash transfers barely raised prices]] (November 12)

Precision fermentation and the insulin precedent

Waza — Fri, 13 Nov 2026 21:46:16 GMT

New article on precision fermentation and the insulin precedent

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= Why Food Made by Microbes Wins First Where Animal Sources Are Scarce, Not Where Cows Are Plentiful =

Precision fermentation uses engineered microbes, such as yeast, fungi, or bacteria, to make one specific protein that once came only from animals. This article is about futurism and about moving food and medicine from scarcity toward abundance. Its thesis is simple: the two biggest successes of this method so far, human insulin and the cheese enzyme chymosin, won because the animal source was scarce and only small amounts of the molecule were needed. Bulk milk proteins face the opposite situation, because cows already make them in huge volumes at low prices. Reading the insulin precedent correctly tells researchers, investors, and policy makers where abundance from microbes is likely to arrive first, and what has to change before it reaches everyday protein.

==Two quiet victories most people never noticed==

===Insulin from bacteria instead of glands===
For about sixty years, people with diabetes depended on insulin taken from the pancreas glands of cows and pigs. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) history of insulin describes how fragile that supply was. By 1981, making one pound of insulin required 8,000 pounds of glands from 23,500 animals, and that pound was enough to treat only 750 patients for one year. Gland supply fell during the 1970s while meat prices swung widely, so the price and availability of a life-saving drug rose and fell with the slaughterhouse.<ref>[https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/fda-history-exhibits/100-years-insulin 100 Years of Insulin], U.S. Food and Drug Administration.</ref>

In 1978, scientists at City of Hope and Genentech produced human insulin in bacteria, and on October 28, 1982, the FDA approved Humulin after five months of review. It was the first approved medical product of any kind made with recombinant DNA.<ref>[https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/fda-history-exhibits/100-years-insulin 100 Years of Insulin], U.S. Food and Drug Administration.</ref><ref>[https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article/42/3/374/6042201 Making, Cloning, and the Expression of Human Insulin Genes in Bacteria: The Path to Humulin], Endocrine Reviews.</ref> The supply problem that had shadowed diabetes care for decades stopped being a question of how many animals were killed.

===Chymosin and the cheese already on your plate===
Cheese makers had their own scarcity problem. Rennet, the enzyme mixture that curdles milk, traditionally came from the stomachs of young calves. In March 1990, the FDA affirmed that chymosin made by fermentation with a modified strain of the bacterium ''E. coli'' K-12 was generally recognized as safe, in response to a petition from Pfizer.<ref>[https://archives.federalregister.gov/issue_slice/1990/3/23/10930-10936.pdf Chymosin preparation derived from Escherichia coli K-12; affirmation of GRAS status], Federal Register, March 23, 1990.</ref> The Los Angeles Times reported at the time that it was the first genetically engineered product approved for human food, and that one ounce of the enzyme could thicken 50 gallons of milk.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-24-mn-681-story.html FDA Approves 1st Genetically Engineered Product for Food], Los Angeles Times, March 24, 1990.</ref>

According to the McGill University Office for Science and Society, more than 80 percent of cheese in North America is now made with chymosin produced this way. Because the enzyme breaks down during cheese making, none of it remains in the finished product.<ref>[https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/health-and-nutrition-technology/genetic-engineering-has-been-applied-cheese-making-no-reason-be-cheesed Genetic Engineering Has Been Applied to Cheese Making], McGill University Office for Science and Society.</ref> One of the largest shifts in the history of food production happened with almost no public fight.

==The pattern behind both wins==
Insulin and chymosin share three features that are easy to miss.

* '''The animal source was scarce.''' Glands and calf stomachs are by-products of slaughter, so supply could not grow on demand.
* '''Each unit of product needed very little of the molecule.''' A small amount of chymosin curdles a large vat of milk, and a person needs only a small amount of insulin each day. Even an expensive microbial process could compete.
* '''The value per kilogram was high.''' When a molecule is rare and essential, buyers can pay for a new process while it is still improving.

Under those conditions, fermentation does not need to beat a cow. It only needs to beat a shortage.

==Why bulk milk proteins are the hard case==
Whey and casein reverse every one of those features. They are not scarce, they are needed by the kilogram rather than by the gram, and they sell at commodity prices. A 2025 Good Food Institute (GFI) review of cost models found wholesale casein at about 8 to 11 dollars per kilogram and whey proteins from about 1.2 to 17.7 dollars per kilogram depending on type and purity. Published production cost estimates for precision fermentation proteins ranged from under 20 dollars to about 14,000 dollars per kilogram, and the authors noted that public data are thin.<ref>[https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Driving-down-costs-Insights-and-recommendations-from-a-meta-analysis-of-techno-economic-models-of-fermentation-derived-ingredients.pdf Driving down costs: a meta-analysis of techno-economic models of fermentation-derived ingredients], Good Food Institute, 2025.</ref> A 2025 review in the scientific literature put recombinant milk protein costs at about 210 to 310 dollars per kilogram, compared with about 15 to 25 dollars for conventional dairy protein.<ref>[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12965257/ Biotechnology Approaches to Dairy Alternatives Through Precision Fermentation and Cellular Agriculture], PubMed Central.</ref>

Food producers have shown that a microbe can make whey that matches the cow version. The FDA responded with no questions in 2020 to a notice for beta-lactoglobulin, the main whey protein, made by the fungus ''Trichoderma reesei''.<ref>[https://hfpappexternal.fda.gov/scripts/fdcc/index.cfm?id=863&set=GRASNotices GRAS Notice 863, beta-lactoglobulin produced by Trichoderma reesei], U.S. Food and Drug Administration.</ref> Safety and sameness were never the main barrier. Price is.

==Where the insulin rule points next==
If the pattern holds, the first wave of food abundance from fermentation will come from milk and egg molecules that are scarce in the animal source. The GFI review lists lactoferrin, a minor whey protein, at market prices of 250 to 1,000 dollars per kilogram, which makes it an attractive early target.<ref>[https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Driving-down-costs-Insights-and-recommendations-from-a-meta-analysis-of-techno-economic-models-of-fermentation-derived-ingredients.pdf Driving down costs], Good Food Institute, 2025.</ref> A GFI Europe cost model for alpha-lactalbumin, another whey protein, found that a fermentation version may already compete in infant and sports nutrition, while general foods still need further cost reductions.<ref>[https://gfieurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Pathfinding-towards-precision-fermentation-viability.pdf Pathfinding towards precision fermentation viability], GFI Europe, 2025.</ref>

This is the insulin path again: start where the animal is a poor factory, learn to run the process well, and let scale and experience push costs down toward commodity products later. Every high-value product that sells also pays for strain improvements, operator training, and equipment that a later bulk protein can use.

==The bottleneck is factories, not ideas==
The constraint that most limits this path is physical capacity. A 2025 GFI report on contract manufacturers quotes the Illinois Fermentation and Agriculture Biomanufacturing (iFAB) Hub, which received a 51 million dollar federal grant in 2024: demand far exceeds capacity for pilot fermenters of about 1,000 liters and demonstration fermenters of about 20,000 to 75,000 liters, made worse by a shortage of trained workers.<ref>[https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/CDMOs-for-Food-and-Agriculture-Biotechnology-Development.pdf CDMOs for Food and Agriculture Biotechnology Development], Good Food Institute, 2025.</ref> GFI also reports that companies often finish one round of testing and then cannot find open pilot capacity for the next round, which slows learning.<ref>[https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Funding_the_build.pdf Funding the build], Good Food Institute, 2024.</ref>

Feed is the other constraint. Synthesis Capital notes that most producers feed their microbes glucose from crops such as corn and wheat, and that this feedstock can make up more than half the cost of each kilogram of product.<ref>[https://www.synthesis.capital/insights/precision-fermentation-pathways-to-cost-parity Precision Fermentation: Pathways to Cost Parity], Synthesis Capital.</ref> Food made by microbes still depends on farms until lower cost carbon sources work at scale.

==Honest limits==
* Public cost data are sparse and vary by orders of magnitude, so any single price claim should be treated with caution.
* The insulin comparison is an analogy. Medicines and foods face different rules, margins, and buyer expectations.
* Insulin abundance in production did not guarantee low retail prices for patients. Production abundance and fair access are separate problems.
* Rules on labeling, naming, and approval differ between countries and can change quickly.
* Nothing here is a recommendation to buy any product or invest in any company.

==Lessons for abundance builders==
The practical lesson is to ask, for any proposed microbe-made food, whether the animal source is scarce and how much of the molecule each serving needs. Where the answers are scarce and small, success may be close. Where the answers are plentiful and large, the real work is shared pilot plants, a trained workforce, and lower cost feedstock. Public and nonprofit funding for open pilot capacity may do more for food abundance than another startup chasing commodity whey.

==Discussion questions, essay ideas, and learning related AI prompt ideas==
* Explain why insulin and chymosin succeeded with fermentation long before milk proteins, using scarcity, dose, and value per kilogram.
* Compare the scarcity of animal glands in the 1970s with the current supply of whey, and describe what that comparison predicts.
* Argue whether public money should build shared pilot fermentation plants that any company or university can rent.
* Describe how the gap between abundant insulin production and high insulin prices could repeat with fermented foods, and how it could be avoided.
* Identify three molecules in milk or eggs that are scarce in the animal source and assess which might follow the insulin path next.
* Explain why chymosin entered most cheese with little public debate while newer fermented foods draw more attention.

==See also==
* [[Microbial protein and the path to food abundance|Microbial protein]]
* [[Cultivated meat bans and food abundance|Cultivated meat bans]]
* [[Why vertical farms fail and what food abundance needs|Why vertical farms fail]]
* [[Pig organs and the end of organ scarcity|Pig organs and organ scarcity]]
* [[Synthetic biology|Synthetic biology]]
* [[Biotechnology|Biotechnology]]
* [[Post-scarcity economy|Post-scarcity economy]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Abundance]]
[[Category:Post-scarcity]]
[[Category:Futurism]]
[[Category:Food]]
[[Category:Biotechnology]]

Review queue

Waza — Fri, 13 Nov 2026 14:44:19 GMT

Add new article to review queue.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:44, 13 November 2026
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	== To review ==		== To review ==
			* [[Off-grid mesh texting when cell towers go dark]] (November 13)
	* [[Why village cash transfers barely raised prices]] (November 12)		* [[Why village cash transfers barely raised prices]] (November 12)
	* [[The ovary as a fast test for aging drugs]] (November 12)		* [[The ovary as a fast test for aging drugs]] (November 12)

Off-grid mesh texting when cell towers go dark

Waza — Fri, 13 Nov 2026 14:43:05 GMT

New article on off-grid radio mesh texting.

New page

= Why Off-Grid Radio Meshes Depend on Neighbors Who Build Them Before the Disaster =

When cell towers, power lines, and internet links fail together, most people lose the ability to send even a short text. Low-power radio meshes such as the open-source Meshtastic project offer a different model: small battery or solar radios that pass text messages from one device to the next with no carrier, no central server, and no permission needed to join. This page looks at that idea as freedom tech and as a way of solving a common problem in living, staying in touch during a disaster or a shutdown. It also argues for a less obvious point. The hard part of off-grid texting is not the radio. It is the neighborhood that keeps radios running long before anyone needs them, which turns communication from a scarce service someone else controls into a shared commons people can build toward abundance.

==The idea in one paragraph==
A mesh radio network has no towers. Each radio, called a node, listens for messages and repeats them, so a message can hop from a phone paired with one node, through several other nodes on rooftops and hills, to a person miles away. The project documentation describes a default public channel that anyone with the same settings can read, plus encrypted private channels and direct messages. Volunteer groups such as NC Mesh in North Carolina describe their network as decentralized, open to everyone without asking permission, and partly solar powered, so that it can keep working when the grid and the cell network are both down.

==Why this matters now==
Two pressures make the idea more than a hobby.

The first is disasters. After Hurricane Helene struck western North Carolina in September 2024, a ham radio operator in Swannanoa wrote that his rural community leaned heavily on amateur radio during recovery and was looking at Meshtastic as an added layer because it needs no license in the United States, works if enough nodes are deployed, and has modest hardware costs. A relief story published by a radio maker described cell towers, internet, and even some ham repeaters being offline, and a volunteer who handed out roughly 120 Meshtastic radios, including about 18 rugged portables and 12 infrastructure nodes, to rescue teams and chainsaw crews.

The second is deliberate shutdowns. Access Now and the KeepItOn coalition documented at least 296 internet shutdowns in 54 countries in 2024, which they called the worst year on record. Conflict was the leading trigger, followed by protests, exams, and elections. When a government or an armed group can switch off a carrier network, any tool that lets neighbors keep talking without that carrier becomes a question of freedom, not only convenience.

==The surprising lesson: no node, no network==
The same Helene accounts that show promise also show the central weakness. In a public forum thread during the storm, a user in western North Carolina wrote that there were almost no nodes in the area and that the mesh was, as usual, silent, so people listened to shortwave instead. A commenter on the Swannanoa radio blog summed it up as no node, no network, and added that the system is slow and cannot carry much traffic.

This is the core insight. A mesh is only as good as the density of radios already in place, powered, and set to compatible settings. The Meshtastic documentation notes that nodes only hear each other when they share a modem preset, and that many local communities have moved away from the default, so a new node with the wrong settings hears nothing. A box of radios bought after a storm is far less useful than a dozen solar repeaters that neighbors installed and tested a year earlier.

That shifts the question from what device to buy toward who maintains the commons. The useful work looks like:
* Placing a few solar powered relay nodes on high ground, since range depends heavily on terrain and elevation.
* Agreeing on shared settings, including the preset and a local channel, and writing them down where newcomers can find them.
* Running regular check-in messages so people learn the tool while things are calm.
* Planning who will hand out spare radios and teach neighbors, since the Swannanoa operator noted the system is still quirky for average users.

==What the radios can and cannot do==
Meshtastic uses LoRa, a long-range, low-data radio method. According to the project documentation, the default LongFast preset carries about 1.07 kilobits per second. That is enough for short texts and location pings, and far too little for photos, voice, or video. Faster presets trade away range, and slower presets reach farther but take longer per message.

Privacy has clear limits that the project states openly:
* The default primary channel uses a key that is published, so anyone on the same preset can read it. Private use requires a new random key shared only with the intended group.
* Channel messages use AES encryption, but without newer settings they are not authenticated, so anyone holding the key can send messages that appear to come from another node on that channel.
* There is no forward secrecy. Traffic recorded today can be decrypted later if a key leaks through a lost device or careless sharing.
* Direct messages use public key exchange, which the documentation describes as relying on trust on first use, since there is no central authority to vouch for keys.
* Amateur radio operators who run the software under a ham license may not encrypt at all and must send their call sign.

The tool still has real value. A mesh is a good neighborhood bulletin board and a modest private channel among trusted people, not a substitute for strong end-to-end encrypted messaging. The relief volunteer in the Helene story moved his teams onto a separate channel both for privacy and to keep strangers' chatter off their screens.

==How it fits the larger freedom tech picture==
Off-grid meshes sit alongside other tools that keep information moving when central systems fail or are turned off. [[Sneakernets and USB drives against censorship|Sneakernets]] carry large files by hand where radio cannot. [[Why read-only Wikipedia mirrors are not enough|Wiki mirrors]] keep reference knowledge reachable offline. [[Nostr and social identity no platform can ban|Nostr]] keeps social identity portable across servers. A text mesh fills a narrower gap: the first hours and days when people need to ask who is safe, where water is, and which road is open.

The common thread is that resilience comes from many small, ordinary participants rather than one large provider. That is also the abundance argument. A cellular network is scarce in a specific sense: it depends on a few expensive towers and a single operator. A mesh grows more capable each time another household adds a node, and the marginal cost of one more relay is a small radio and a solar panel.

==Honest limits==
* Coverage is uneven. NC Mesh says radio coverage varies widely across the state, that only some major cities have partial or moderate coverage, and that a user must be geographically close to another node to connect.
* Radio can be jammed, and the Access Now report notes that jamming is among the tools used in conflict shutdowns. A mesh raises the cost of silencing people but does not make it impossible.
* Rules on radio power, frequencies, and duty cycles differ by country, and some governments restrict private radio equipment. Anyone considering a node should read the official Meshtastic documentation and local radio regulations first.
* Many setups still need a phone or computer paired to the radio, which adds a battery to manage.
* Heavy traffic can congest a mesh, since every node shares limited airtime.

==Research and learning questions==
Several open questions would make good projects for students and community groups. How many nodes per square mile does a hilly rural area need before messages arrive reliably? Do neighborhoods that hold monthly check-ins actually communicate better during outages than those that only stockpile radios? How could a local library, credit union, or mutual aid group host relay nodes as a public good, the way some host free wifi today?

==Discussion questions, essay ideas, and learning related AI prompt ideas==
* Why might a dozen solar relays installed a year early save more lives than a hundred radios handed out after a storm?
* What would it take for a public library or credit union to host a neighborhood mesh relay as a community service?
* How should a volunteer mesh balance an open public channel for strangers seeking help with private channels for trusted coordination?
* Compare the freedom gained from a radio mesh with the privacy limits its own documentation describes, and decide where the tool fits best.
* How does the rise of government internet shutdowns change the case for people owning small pieces of their own communication networks?
* Design a one-page plan for a small town to test an off-grid text network during calm months.

==See also==
* [[Wireless Mesh Networks|Wireless mesh networks]]
* [[Sneakernets and USB drives against censorship|Sneakernets against censorship]]
* [[Why read-only Wikipedia mirrors are not enough|Read-only Wikipedia mirrors]]
* [[Nostr and social identity no platform can ban|Nostr and portable identity]]
* [[Offline captions for deaf and hard of hearing people|Offline captions]]

==Sources==
* Meshtastic documentation, Encryption overview: https://meshtastic.org/docs/overview/encryption/
* Meshtastic documentation, Known limitations of encryption: https://meshtastic.org/docs/about/overview/encryption/limitations/
* Meshtastic documentation, Radio settings and preset data rates: https://meshtastic.org/docs/overview/radio-settings/
* Meshtastic documentation, LoRa configuration: https://meshtastic.org/docs/configuration/radio/lora/
* Meshtastic firmware security policy: https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/security
* NC Mesh, Learn about Meshtastic and NC Mesh: https://ncmesh.net/learn/
* QRPer, Helene aftermath update on adopting an off-grid community radio network (October 24, 2024): https://qrper.com/2024/10/helene-aftermath-update-adopting-an-off-grid-community-radio-network-thursday-october-24-2024/
* Constellation Response, How AT-Labs RM-1 powered Helene disaster relief: https://constellationresponse.com/blogs/news/the-details-are-not-the-details-they-make-the-design
* Reddit r/meshtastic thread on Meshtastic in Helene affected areas (September 2024): https://www.reddit.com/r/meshtastic/comments/1fs4uxd/hows_meshtastic_working_in_the_helene_affected/
* Access Now, Lives on hold: internet shutdowns in 2024: https://www.accessnow.org/internet-shutdowns-2024/
* Access Now press release, Worst year on record: https://www.accessnow.org/press-release/keepiton-internet-shutdowns-2024-en/

[[Category:Freedom technology]]
[[Category:Disaster resilience]]
[[Category:Communication networks]]
[[Category:Abundance]]

User:Idea/Review

Waza — Thu, 12 Nov 2026 22:59:21 GMT

Waza imported User:Idea/Review by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

New page

These pages were nominated for deletion on English Wikipedia between 7 and 28 October 2026 but were not deleted there. They have been copied into the Archive namespace for review. Each one can be kept here or deleted.

Only the most recent 50 revisions of each page were imported. The full history is still on Wikipedia, and it can be imported later for any page that is kept.

Total: 249 pages.

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* [[Archive:Left-Winger|Left-Winger]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Leyland Hippo Mk II|Leyland Hippo Mk II]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: military vehicle (mild).
* [[Archive:Lipkovo crisis|Lipkovo crisis]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:List of Ares (manhwa) characters|List of Ares (manhwa) characters]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M1/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of autonomous areas by country|List of autonomous areas by country]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Littleton (electoral division)|Littleton (electoral division)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East|May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M7/R0. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:Minori Hanasato|Minori Hanasato]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Operation Dawn of Yemen|Operation Dawn of Yemen]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M5/R0. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:Peninsular Malaysia tornado outbreak of 2014|Peninsular Malaysia tornado outbreak of 2014]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D1/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:People's Defense Force (comics)|People's Defense Force (comics)]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Proof assistant|Proof assistant]]: Merged at AfD (Not Merge), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Reporters' privilege shield laws in the United States|Reporters' privilege shield laws in the United States]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Roughouse|Roughouse]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Security hacker|Security hacker]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Southeastern gentoo penguin|Southeastern gentoo penguin]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Syllis ramosa|Syllis ramosa]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:UKUSA Agreement|UKUSA Agreement]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: intelligence/politics.
* [[Archive:White genocide in South Africa|White genocide in South Africa]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M6/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/violence/politics.
* [[Archive:Wilcoxon Award|Wilcoxon Award]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Redirected (27) ==
* [[Archive:2023 Aung Myin Kone–Tada U tornado|2023 Aung Myin Kone–Tada U tornado]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2026 Abbotsford-Mission provincial by-election|2026 Abbotsford-Mission provincial by-election]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K6/M0/R0. AdSense: politics (mild).
* [[Archive:2026 Donald Trump rally in Grand Island|2026 Donald Trump rally in Grand Island]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K2/M0/R4/Dft1. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:32 Battalion (book)|32 Battalion (book)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: military.
* [[Archive:AmigaOS 4 version history|AmigaOS 4 version history]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Anadrinë offensive|Anadrinë offensive]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M1/R1. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:Audi/Bentley 90° twin-turbocharged V8 racing engine|Audi/Bentley 90° twin-turbocharged V8 racing engine]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Blue Meanies (Yellow Submarine)|Blue Meanies (Yellow Submarine)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K1/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Clouds Blur the Rainbow|Clouds Blur the Rainbow]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:Hansonism|Hansonism]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K3/M2/R2. AdSense: politics/ethnicity.
* [[Archive:Interspecific social behaviour in animals|Interspecific social behaviour in animals]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K1/M3/R0/Dft1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kaplan International Languages|Kaplan International Languages]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R2/Dft1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kelli Presley|Kelli Presley]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of Raruto characters|List of Raruto characters]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M1/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Mercedes-Benz G-Class EV|Mercedes-Benz G-Class EV]]: Redirected at AfD (soft redirect), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Mumbai Delhi Mumbai|Mumbai Delhi Mumbai]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Music of Dance Dance Revolution (2013–present)|Music of Dance Dance Revolution (2013–present)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Pamoja AFCON|Pamoja AFCON]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Pencil suit|Pencil suit]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Quacquarelli Symonds|Quacquarelli Symonds]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Sanki Daroga|Sanki Daroga]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Singapore Mediation Centre|Singapore Mediation Centre]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D3/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Slap the City|Slap the City]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Stella Maris English School|Stella Maris English School]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R4. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:The Chaotix Casefiles|The Chaotix Casefiles]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K1/M2/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:The Fairy Queen (Fablehaven)|The Fairy Queen (Fablehaven)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Water scarcity in Iran|Water scarcity in Iran]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R2. AdSense: politics (mild).

== No consensus (2) ==
* [[Archive:AIREV|AIREV]]: No consensus at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Last Ditch Bar|Last Ditch Bar]]: No consensus at AfD, votes D7/K16/M0/R0. AdSense: alcohol/politics.

== Open, leaning keep (20) ==
* [[Archive:17 October riots|17 October riots]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K11/M4/R0. AdSense: politics/violence.
* [[Archive:Aedinia gens|Aedinia gens]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Airlines of Africa|Airlines of Africa]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K4/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2463, Smithsonian Institution|American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2463, Smithsonian Institution]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Bernadeth|Bernadeth]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Dimes Square|Dimes Square]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K3/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Education in Amaravati|Education in Amaravati]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K3/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Five-a-side football|Five-a-side football]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Galfoy|Galfoy]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K7/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hugo the Abominable Snowman|Hugo the Abominable Snowman]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Ava|Hurricane Ava]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kosovo: A Moment in Civilization|Kosovo: A Moment in Civilization]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:Potential superpower|Potential superpower]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K4/M1/R1. AdSense: geopolitics (mild).
* [[Archive:RationalWiki|RationalWiki]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K5/M1/R3. AdSense: politics/religion (mild).
* [[Archive:Ronan the Accuser|Ronan the Accuser]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K3/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Square One: Michael Jackson|Square One: Michael Jackson]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: sexual abuse allegations.
* [[Archive:Vogtlandian|Vogtlandian]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Voluntary (music)|Voluntary (music)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:W.D. Gaster|W.D. Gaster]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K7/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Yellowjacket|Yellowjacket]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Open, leaning merge or redirect (51) ==
* [[Archive:2003 Bendigo tornado|2003 Bendigo tornado]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2025 Marion, Illinois tornado|2025 Marion, Illinois tornado]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2026 Albanian student protests|2026 Albanian student protests]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/violence.
* [[Archive:20th Century Family|20th Century Family]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:3G adoption|3G adoption]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:AACS encryption key controversy|AACS encryption key controversy]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:AI art|AI art]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:American Descendants of Slavery|American Descendants of Slavery]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:Angular mechanics|Angular mechanics]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Athena Capital|Athena Capital]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Autism and LGBTQ people|Autism and LGBTQ people]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: sensitive health/sexuality (mild).
* [[Archive:Box (comics)|Box (comics)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Chaoba Nongthon|Chaoba Nongthon]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Commentary on Edward Snowden's disclosure|Commentary on Edward Snowden's disclosure]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/surveillance.
* [[Archive:Doctor Bedlam|Doctor Bedlam]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Employee benefits in India|Employee benefits in India]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Equity Group Foundation|Equity Group Foundation]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Factor Three|Factor Three]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Flag of the Western Union|Flag of the Western Union]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Giant pandas around the world|Giant pandas around the world]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Google Play Services|Google Play Services]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:HybriCell|HybriCell]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Indian tax forms|Indian tax forms]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Jerry Jaxon|Jerry Jaxon]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan|Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of Asian tornadoes in 2026|List of Asian tornadoes in 2026]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Mommy's Boy (song)|Mommy's Boy (song)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Montenegro: A Land Divided|Montenegro: A Land Divided]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:Newswire|Newswire]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Non-lexical vocables in music|Non-lexical vocables in music]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Peptidein|Peptidein]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Powerhouse (Marvel Comics)|Powerhouse (Marvel Comics)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Principal (academia)|Principal (academia)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Rector (academia)|Rector (academia)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Religion in Louisville, Kentucky|Religion in Louisville, Kentucky]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: religion.
* [[Archive:Resistants|Resistants]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Rock of Oëtre|Rock of Oëtre]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Skype protocol|Skype protocol]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Snack Foods Limited|Snack Foods Limited]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Spall|Spall]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Srpska: The Struggle for Freedom|Srpska: The Struggle for Freedom]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:The Presumption of Justice|The Presumption of Justice]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: killing.
* [[Archive:The Weight of Chains|The Weight of Chains]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/war.
* [[Archive:The Weight of Chains 3|The Weight of Chains 3]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: war/politics.
* [[Archive:Therapeutic boarding school|Therapeutic boarding school]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: abuse allegations.
* [[Archive:Vice-chancellor|Vice-chancellor]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Volstagg|Volstagg]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K1/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:York Union|York Union]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record|YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Zook (character)|Zook (character)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Özel Çevre Koruma Kurumu|Özel Çevre Koruma Kurumu]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Open, unclear (13) ==
* [[Archive:2026 Yehuda Junction shooting|2026 Yehuda Junction shooting]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: killings/violence.
* [[Archive:Brooklyn Nights|Brooklyn Nights]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Cleversafe Inc.|Cleversafe Inc.]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R1/Dft1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Drarry|Drarry]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K2/M0/R2. AdSense: sexual fan fiction (mild).
* [[Archive:Huddersfield Cricket League|Huddersfield Cricket League]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kworb|Kworb]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of transcontinental countries|List of transcontinental countries]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Minhaj (app)|Minhaj (app)]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: religion.
* [[Archive:Muzan Kibutsuji|Muzan Kibutsuji]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Notwithstanding clause|Notwithstanding clause]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Patriotic hacking|Patriotic hacking]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/cyberattack.
* [[Archive:Pie in the Sky (game engine)|Pie in the Sky (game engine)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:The Bed of Nails (Yes Minister)|The Bed of Nails (Yes Minister)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Earlier nominations, full history (11) ==
These were nominated before 7 October 2026 and survived as a redirect, merge, or draft. Full history up to the last full article revision was imported.
* [[Archive:2022 United Kingdom floods|2022 United Kingdom floods]]: Moved to Draft space on Wikipedia, 92 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Walking Cricket|Walking Cricket]]: Moved to Draft space on Wikipedia, 112 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:2028 Tesla Roadster|2028 Tesla Roadster]]: Moved to Draft space on Wikipedia, 88 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Religious minorities in Pakistan|Religious minorities in Pakistan]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 757 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tripolitsa massacre|Tripolitsa massacre]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 42 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tornado outbreak of August 9, 1993|Tornado outbreak of August 9, 1993]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 63 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Georges tornado outbreak|Hurricane Georges tornado outbreak]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 98 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Koledari|Koledari]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 206 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Effects of Hurricane Beryl in Texas|Effects of Hurricane Beryl in Texas]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 131 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey 3|Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey 3]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 67 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:2006 Central Pacific cyclone|2006 Central Pacific cyclone]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 207 revisions imported.

== October 30, 2026 batch (14) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Transport in Sydney in the 2010s|Transport in Sydney in the 2010s]]: Survived AfD (no consensus), 50 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Japanese pitch accent rules|Japanese pitch accent rules]]: Survived AfD (keep), 50 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Second Republic of China (Taiwan)|Second Republic of China (Taiwan)]]: Survived AfD (no consensus), 27 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Battle of the Ten Kings|Battle of the Ten Kings]]: Survived AfD (keep), 769 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:2026 Turkish LGBTQ raids|2026 Turkish LGBTQ raids]]: Survived AfD (keep), 134 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tamil Eelam (1984–2009)|Tamil Eelam (1984–2009)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 173 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Hârn (campaign set)|Hârn (campaign set)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 31 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Dororonpa!|Dororonpa!]]: Survived AfD (keep), 22 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Mongrel complex|Mongrel complex]]: Survived AfD (no consensus), 159 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Cingulata|Cingulata]]: Survived AfD (kept/closed), 164 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Egg fried rice protests|Egg fried rice protests]]: Survived AfD (keep), 54 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Homat Torat Yisrael|Homat Torat Yisrael]]: Survived AfD (merge), 18 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Andro (Meitei dialect)|Andro (Meitei dialect)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 20 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Steal an Egg|Steal an Egg]]: Redirected on Wikipedia, 81 revisions imported.

== October 31, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Killswitch (video game)|Killswitch (video game)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 15 revisions imported.

== November 1, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:98.12.28 Otokotachi no Wakare|98.12.28 Otokotachi no Wakare]]: Redirected on Wikipedia, 164 revisions imported.

== November 2, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Malfoid|Malfoid]]: Kept at AfD on Wikipedia, 76 revisions imported.

== November 9, 2026 batch (4) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Dar-e-Nijaat|Dar-e-Nijaat]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn, kept); Pakistani TV drama series, 30 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tax withholding|Tax withholding]]: Survived AfD (merge into Pay-as-you-earn tax, not yet carried out); taxation, 309 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Torrey Canyon oil spill|Torrey Canyon oil spill]]: Survived AfD (merge with SS Torrey Canyon, not yet carried out); 1967 oil spill, 268 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Amoco Cadiz oil spill|Amoco Cadiz oil spill]]: Survived AfD (merge with Amoco Cadiz, not yet carried out); 1978 oil spill, 112 revisions imported.

== November 10, 2026 batch (4) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Military budget of the Soviet Union|Military budget of the Soviet Union]]: Survived AfD (kept); Soviet military spending / economics, 60 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Infamy|Infamy]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn by nominator, kept); concept of notoriety, 134 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Linkle|Linkle]]: Survived AfD (speedy keep); Legend of Zelda character, 113 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Minibods|Minibods]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn), later redirected to Oddbods; children's animated series, 4 revisions imported.

== November 11, 2026 batch (3) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Thousand Year Old Vampire|Thousand Year Old Vampire]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn by nominator, kept); solo tabletop role-playing game, 49 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Love & Pop (series)|Love & Pop (series)]]: Survived AfD (kept); TripleS K-pop release series, 71 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Joseph S. Miller House|Joseph S. Miller House]]: Survived AfD (kept as merge target; Kenova Pumpkin House merged into it); historic house in West Virginia, 34 revisions imported.

== November 12, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Forgejo|Forgejo]]: Survived AfD (kept, 5 keep votes); free software Git forge / tech, 81 revisions imported.

User:Idea/Later

Waza — Thu, 12 Nov 2026 22:59:21 GMT

Waza imported User:Idea/Later by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

New page

User:Waza/Added

Waza — Thu, 12 Nov 2026 22:59:21 GMT

Waza imported User:Waza/Added by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

Show changes

Archive:Zionism is Racism (U.S. motion)

Waza — Thu, 12 Nov 2026 22:59:06 GMT

Waza imported Archive:Zionism is Racism (U.S. motion) by file upload (24 revisions) Import with full history

New page

{{Short description|2026 Green Party of the United States policy motion}}
{{For|motion from the [[Green Party of England and Wales]]|Zionism is Racism (motion)}}
{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Zionism is Racism (U.S. motion)|action=deletion|timestamp=20261112131804|year=2026|month=November|day=12|help=off|demospace=n|substed=y|origtag=afd}}


{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|date=November 2026}}
{{Primary sources|date=November 2026}}
}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2026}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Zionism is Racism
| long_title = Zionism Is Racism: Green Party Opposition to Zionism and Support for Palestinian Liberation
| enacted_by = [[Green Party of the United States]]
| date_passed = {{Start date|2026|11|08|df=y}}
| introduced_by = [[Green Party of Colorado]] [[Maine Green Independent Party]] ([[co-sponsor|co-sponsor]])
| 3rd_reading2_for = 77
| 3rd_reading2_against = 4
| 3rd_reading2_abstention = 4
| summary = Defining [[Zionism]] as a form of [[Jewish supremacy|ethno-supremacy]] and advocating for [[Palestinian liberation]].
| status = in force
}}
'''Zionism Is Racism: Green Party Opposition to Zionism and Support for Palestinian Liberation''' is a policy motion adopted by the [[Green Party of the United States]] on November 8, 2026 which designates [[Zionism as racism]], advocates for Palestinian self-determination and their right to resist, and supports the [[Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions]] movement.<ref name="secure.gpus.org-1">{{Cite web |title=Green Party of the United States - National Committee Voting - Proposal Details |url=https://secure.gpus.org/cgi-bin/vote/propdetail?pid=1332 |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=secure.gpus.org}}</ref>

The motion was introduced by the [[Green Party of Colorado]] and the [[Maine Green Independent Party]], and an internal debate would take place between October 19 and November 1. The voting phase took place from November 2 until November 8.

The resolution was supported by most of the [[Green National Committee]], with 69 votes in favor and five against, making it the official position of the Green Party of the United States.

== Background ==
The GPUS has informally held an anti-Zionist position for years, being critical of the State of Israel.

During the [[2024 United States presidential election]], the [[War in Gaza]] and subsequent [[Gaza genocide]] became the primary foreign policy issue of the campaign. The Green Party's nominee [[Jill Stein]] announced [[Jill Stein 2024 presidential campaign|her campaign]] on November 9, 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Trudo |first=Hanna |date=2023-11-09 |title=Jill Stein launches 2024 bid as Green Party candidate |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4302594-jill-stein-2024-bid-green-party/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109194217/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4302594-jill-stein-2024-bid-green-party/ |archive-date=2023-11-09 |access-date=2026-11-08 |work=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref> She called for investigations to [[Israeli war crimes in the Gaza war]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=New US presidential candidate demands probe into Netanyahu's 'war crimes' in Gaza |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/new-us-presidential-candidate-demands-probe-into-netanyahus-war-crimes-in-gaza/3049221 |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=Anadolu |language=tr}}</ref>, criticized the [[Democratic Party (United States)#Israel|Democratic Party]]'s alignment with Israel<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tait |first=Robert |date=2023-11-22 |title=Jill Stein formally launches 2024 White House bid as Green party candidate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/nov/21/jill-stein-2024-presidential-election-green-party-candidate |access-date=2026-11-08 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>, supported an [[Arms embargoes on Israel since 2023|arms embargo against Israel]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-11-03 |title=Dr. Jill Stein🌻 (@DrJillStein) on X |url=https://x.com/DrJillStein/status/2117752876529299506 |access-date=2026-11-08 |work=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en-US}}</ref>, and attended several protests and rallies for the Palestinian people. She was arrested at a [[Gaza war protests at universities|Gaza war protest]] at [[Washington State University]] on April 27, 2024 and is facing charges as of 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fortinsky |first=Sarah |date=2024-04-28 |title=Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein arrested at pro-Palestine college protest |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/4627558-green-party-presidential-candidate-jill-stein-arrested-at-pro-palestine-college-protest/ |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref>

On November 9, 2025, the party passed a motion to designate the [[Israel Defense Forces]] as a terrorist organization, with over 90% of delegates voting to do so.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Green Party of the United States - National Committee Voting - Proposal Details |url=https://secure.gpus.org/cgi-bin/vote/propdetail?pid=1269 |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=secure.gpus.org}}</ref> After the [[2026 Iran war|Iran war]] began, the party voted that it is the responsibility of the United States to pay reparations to [[Iran]], [[Lebanon]], and [[Palestine]] due to the country's role in [[casualties of the Gaza war]] and the [[2026 Lebanon war#Casualties|destruction in Lebanon]] and [[Casualties of the 2026 Iran war|Iran]]. The motion failed to pass as it did not meet quorum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Green Party of the United States - National Committee Voting - Proposal Details |url=https://secure.gpus.org/cgi-bin/vote/propdetail?pid=1295 |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=secure.gpus.org}}</ref>

American public opinion on Israel has steeply declined since 2023. By 2026, 52% of Americans (65% of Democrats) supported the establishment of a [[Palestinian State]], 57% of Americans (71% of Democrats) supported restricting aid to Israel, and 56% (70% of Democrats) had an unfavorable view of Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dina Smeltz |first=Lama El Baz |date=2026-10-05 |title=American Favorability of Israel Drops to Record Low |url=https://globalaffairs.org/research/public-opinion-survey/american-favorability-israel-drops-record-low |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=globalaffairs.org |publisher=The Chicago Council on Global Affairs |language=en}}</ref>

== Motion ==
The [[Green Party of Colorado]], co-sponsored by the [[Maine Green Independent Party]], presented the motion to the [[Green National Committee]] on October 19, 2026. The motion builds on the 2025 policy which declared the IDF a terrorist organization. The motion defines [[Zionism]] as the "political ideology and project that seeks to establish and maintain Jewish ethnonational sovereignty and political supremacy in [[Mandatory Palestine|historic Palestine]] through structures that [[Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People|privilege Jewish nationality]], [[Illegal settlements in the West Bank|settlement]], [[Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank|land claims]], and [[Arab citizens of Israel#Attempts to ban Arab political parties|political power over the indigenous Palestinian population]]."<ref name="secure.gpus.org-1" /> The motion explicitly delineates between [[Judaism]] and Zionism, and states that no ideology should be attributed collectively to an ethnic or religious group.

# '''Zionism Is Racism:''' GPUS recognizes Zionism, as defined in the motion, as a form of racism and declares itself an anti-Zionist party.
# '''Anti-Zionism Is Not Antisemitism:''' GPUS rejects equating the two, opposes antisemitism unequivocally, and says the proposal targets an ideology, not Jewish people or their religion.
# '''Palestinian Self-Determination:''' GPUS affirms Palestinian rights to self-determination and return, and supports a democratic future throughout historic Palestine with equal rights for all, with no settlement that institutionalizes supremacy.
# '''Resistance and International Law:''' GPUS recognizes the [[Right to resist|right of peoples under occupation to resist]], including [[Resistance movement#Violent resistance|armed resistance]] consistent with [[International humanitarian law|international law]]. It does not support attacks on civilians, collective punishment, or hostage-taking by any party.
# '''BDS:''' GPUS reaffirms support for Palestinian-led [[Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions]], calls for ending U.S. military aid and diplomatic protection for Israel, and supports sanctions on those responsible for occupation, illegal settlement, and other grave violations.
# '''U.S. Complicity:''' GPUS calls for ending the use of U.S. taxpayer resources to finance occupation, settlement expansion, and related abuses.
# '''International Green Solidarity:''' GPUS welcomes the [[Green Party of England and Wales|England and Wales]] decision and encourages other Green parties and the Global Greens to examine these issues.

As a result of the motion, the Greens became the first major US party to regard Zionism as a form of racism and to support a [[one-state solution]] to the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israeli–Palestinian crisis]]. While partially inspired by GPEW's own [[Zionism is Racism (motion)|Zionism is Racism motion]], it is explicitly stated that the GPUS motion is born out of the Four Pillars and Ten Key Values.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ten Key Values |url=https://www.gp.org/ten_key_values |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=www.gp.org}}</ref>

== Vote results ==
The motion officially passed on November 9, 2026 with 77 delegates voting in favor, four voting no, and four abstaining.{{Citation needed|date=November 2026}}
== See also ==

* [[Jill Stein 2024 presidential campaign]]
* [[Zionism is Racism (motion)]]

== References ==
<references responsive="1"></references>

== External links ==

* [https://greens4palestine.uk/assets/motion-a3-zionism-is-racism.pdf Motion A03: Zionism is Racism] at [[Greens for Palestine]]
* [https://secure.gpus.org/cgi-bin/vote/index Proposal 1332: Zionism is Racism] at [[Green National Committee]]

[[Category:Anti-Zionism in the United States]]
[[Category:Green Party of the United States]]
[[Category:Palestinian solidarity movement in the United States]]

Archive:Forgejo

Waza — Thu, 12 Nov 2026 22:58:53 GMT

Waza imported Archive:Forgejo by file upload (81 revisions) Import with full history

New page

{{Short description|Free and open-source software forge}}
{{Primary sources|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox software
| qid = Q115962387
| logo = Forgejo-wordmark.svg
| logo size = 250px
| logo caption =
| screenshot = Forgejo screenshot dark mode.png
| caption = A screenshot of a Forgejo repository
| released = {{#statements:inception|from=Q115962387}}
| latest_release_version = {{multiple releases
| branch1 = 16
| version1 = {{wikidata|property|preferred|references|P348|P548=Q2804309}}
| date1 = {{start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}}}

| branch2 = 15 LTS
| version2 = {{wikidata|property|preferred|references|P348|P548=Q15726348}}
| date2 = {{start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|P348|P548=Q15726348|P577}}}}
}}
| programming language = [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[JavaScript]]
| operating system = [[Cross-platform software|Cross-platform]]
| platform = [[x86-64]], [[ARM architecture family|ARM]]
| language = Multi-lingual<ref>{{cite web |url=https://translate.codeberg.org/projects/forgejo/forgejo/ |title=Codeberg Translate |website=Codeberg}}</ref>
| genre = Collaborative [[software development]] ([[Forge (software)|forge]])
| license = {{#statements:copyright license|from=Q115962387}}
}}
'''Forgejo'''{{efn|Pronounced {{IPAc-en|f|ɔɹ|ˈ|dʒ|eɪ|j|oʊ}}; from [[Esperanto]] {{lang|eo|forĝejo}}, {{IPA|eo|forˈd͡ʒejo|pron}}, meaning "forge".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forgejo.org/faq/|title=Forgejo FAQ | Forgejo – Beyond coding. We forge.|website=forgejo.org}}</ref>}} is a [[Cross-platform software|cross-platform]], [[Open-source software|open-source]] [[web server]] for hosting a [[Forge (software)|software development forge]]. Forgejo uses the [[Git]] [[Version control|version control system]] for [[source code]] revisioning and also allows developers to use features like [[bug tracking]], [[code review]], [[continuous integration]], [[kanban board]]s, [[issue tracking system]] tickets, and [[wiki]]s with their projects.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Git trifft Mikrocontroller, Dein umfassender Guide zur Versionierung in Arduino-Projekten inkl. GitHub Beispiele |date=October 26, 2023 |isbn=9783757972936 |pages=9.1 |language=de |last1=Edenhauser |first1=Markus |publisher=Selbstverlag }}</ref> The package is designed to be [[Self-hosting (web services)|self-hosted]] by developers, and a public instance is provided to try out the software, however forges that are hosted by organizations such as [[Codeberg]] are more commonly used.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}} Forgejo can be hosted on most platforms that support the [[Go (programming language)|Go]] runtime, including [[macOS]], except [[Microsoft Windows]] which is no longer supported since 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forgejo FAQ {{!}} Forgejo – Beyond coding. We forge. |url=https://forgejo.org/faq/#why-are-there-no-mentions-of-windows-binaries |access-date=2026-02-24 |website=forgejo.org |language=en}}</ref> Packages are provided for various [[Linux]] [[Linux distribution|distributions]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Packaging |url=https://codeberg.org/forgejo-contrib/delightful-forgejo#packaging |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Delightful Forgejo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Versions for forgejo |url=https://repology.org/project/forgejo/versions |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Repology}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=GitHub Copilot on autopilot as community complaints persist |url=https://www.theregister.com/2025/09/05/github_copilot_complaints/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250906132513/https://www.theregister.com/2025/09/05/github_copilot_complaints/ |archive-date=2025-09-06 |access-date=2025-09-06 |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
Forgejo was created in December 2022<ref name="hello-forgejo">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-15 |title=Beyond Coding. We forge. |url=https://forgejo.org/2022-12-15-hello-forgejo/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Forgejo Blog}}</ref> as a [[Fork (software development)|fork]] of [[Gitea]]. The fork occurred after a for-profit [[Limited company|limited corporation]] run by the lead maintainer of the project, Lunny Xiao, silently transferred Gitea's trademarks and operations to the company and began to establish an [[open-core model]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forgejo FAQ {{!}} Forgejo – Beyond coding. We forge. |url=https://forgejo.org/faq/#why-was-forgejo-created |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=forgejo.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="christiantietze">{{Cite web |last=Tietze |first=Christian |date=November 25, 2022 |title=Gitea Ltd. Takes Over Gitea Open Source Project, Community Pushes Back |url=https://christiantietze.de/posts/2022/11/gitea-ltd-takes-over-open-source-community-pushes-back/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212021254/https://christiantietze.de/posts/2022/11/gitea-ltd-takes-over-open-source-community-pushes-back/ |archive-date=February 12, 2023 |access-date=February 12, 2023 |website=christiantietze.de}}</ref>

After it became public, Gitea contributors signed an open letter asking for the project's trademarks and domains to be placed under community management.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-28 |title=Open Letter to Gitea |url=https://gitea-open-letter.coding.social/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031061345/https://gitea-open-letter.coding.social/ |archive-date=2022-10-31 |access-date=2024-08-23}}</ref> After that was rejected, the project was forked.<ref name="christiantietze" /> [[Codeberg]], one of the major forges using Gitea at the time, migrated to Forgejo and has become the [[de jure]] lead maintainers of the project.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Codeberg launches Forgejo |url=https://blog.codeberg.org/codeberg-launches-forgejo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208001911/https://blog.codeberg.org/codeberg-launches-forgejo.html |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2023 |website=[[Codeberg|Codeberg.org]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Git repository faces corporate open source doubts {{!}} TechTarget |url=https://www.techtarget.com/searchsoftwarequality/news/366552837/New-Git-repository-faces-corporate-open-source-doubts |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=Software Quality |language=en}}</ref> Codeberg e.V., a registered nonprofit association, manages Forgejo's domain names and trademarks on behalf of the project.<ref name="hello-forgejo" /> Codeberg's public instance was migrated from Gitea to Forgejo at the end of April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Otto (fnetX) |date=May 15, 2023 |title=Letter from Codeberg: May 2023 |url=https://blog.codeberg.org/letter-from-codeberg-may-2023.html |access-date=June 6, 2023 |website=Codeberg News}}</ref>

While initially being synchronized with the Gitea codebase, Forgejo eventually abandoned the practice and split from Gitea following version 1.21 in February 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Brockmeier |first1=Joe |title=Forgejo makes a full break from Gitea [LWN.net] |url=https://lwn.net/SubscriberLink/963095/85db4f864c060d22/ |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=[[LWN.net]] |date=23 February 2024 }}</ref> In August 2024, Forgejo moved from the [[MIT License|MIT license]] to the copyleft [[GNU General Public License]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-22 |title=Forgejo is now copyleft, just like Git |url=https://forgejo.org/2024-08-gpl/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Forgejo Blog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Alden |first1=Daroc |title=Forgejo changes license to GPLv3+ [LWN.net] |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/986998/ |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=lwn.net |date=23 August 2024 }}</ref> While the original code is still MIT-licensed, the overall project is licensed under the GPL.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Warren |first1=Earl |date=2023-04-18 |title=[Mission] on Forgejo accepting copyleft contributions |url=https://codeberg.org/forgejo/governance/pulls/20 |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=forgejo/governance – Codeberg.org}}</ref>

One of the main goals for the future of Forgejo is their plan to implement [[interoperability]] between different installations. While repositories can be mirrored from any other Git forge, the project has begun work on implementing support for the [[ActivityPub]] protocol, allowing users to collaborate with each other using Forgejo's features.<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Higher Education and Research Forges in France - Definition, uses, limitations encountered and needs analysis |url=https://hal-lara.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-04208924 |publisher=Comité pour la science ouverte |date=2023-11-15 |degree=report |language=en |first=Daniel Le |last=Berre}}</ref> The project has received funding from the [[NLnet Foundation|NLnet]] organization for both the protocol extension needed to accommodate the feature subset, dubbed as "ForgeFed", and its implementation into Forgejo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NLnet; ForgeFed |url=https://nlnet.nl/project/ForgeFed/ |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=nlnet.nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NLnet; Federated software forges with Forgejo |url=https://nlnet.nl/project/Federated-Forgejo/ |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=nlnet.nl}}</ref> As of 2025, the ability to [[Federation (information technology)|federate]] "stars" on repositories across Forgejo installations has been built,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Show and Tell: Federation at Forgejo |url=https://fosdem.org/2025/schedule/event/fosdem-2025-5610-show-and-tell-federation-at-forgejo/ |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=fosdem.org |language=en}}</ref> while other forge packages such as [[GitLab]] have also begun work on implementing support for ForgeFed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support ActivityPub for GitLab (&11247) · Epics · GitLab.org · GitLab |url=https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/11247 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=GitLab |language=en}}</ref>

=== Release history ===
The first stable version, 1.18, was released in December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Forgejo authors |date=December 29, 2022 |title=Forgejo v1.18 stable is released |url=https://forgejo.org/2022-12-29-release-v1-18-0 |access-date=June 6, 2023 |website=Forgejo}}</ref> Version 1.19 followed in March 2023, introducing a built-in continuous integration system called Actions — modelled on [[GitHub Actions]] — and a package registry with support for [[Docker (software)|Docker]] and [[Cargo (software)|Cargo]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Forgejo authors |date=February 27, 2023 |title=Forgejo gets an integrated CI named Actions |url=https://forgejo.org/2023-02-27-forgejo-actions |access-date=June 6, 2023 |website=Forgejo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Forgejo authors |date=March 21, 2023 |title=Forgejo v1.19 is available |url=https://forgejo.org/2023-03-release-v1 |access-date=June 6, 2023 |website=Forgejo}}</ref>

Version 1.20, whose first release candidate appeared in June 2023, added moderation options including the ability to block other users, extended package registry support (Debian, Go, Swift), and accessibility improvements.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Forgejo authors |date=June 10, 2023 |title=Forgejo release notes – v1.20.0-0-rc |url=https://codeberg.org/forgejo/forgejo/src/branch/forgejo/RELEASE-NOTES.md#1-20-0-0-rc0 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Codeberg}}</ref> Version 1.21, released in November 2023, expanded on user moderation, added administrator email notifications for new account registrations, further extended the Actions CI/CD system, and improved detection of programming languages in repositories.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Forgejo authors |date=November 26, 2023 |title=Forgejo v1.21 is available |url=https://forgejo.org/2023-11-release-v1211-0/ |access-date=July 4, 2024 |website=Forgejo}}</ref>

Following the transition to a hard fork, Forgejo adopted [[Semantic Versioning]] and released version 7.0 on April 23, 2024. This was the first version with [[long-term support]] (LTS), receiving critical bug and security fixes until July 2025. It also added support for four new interface languages (Bulgarian, Esperanto, Filipino, and Slovenian), a code search feature, and activity graphs.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Forgejo authors |date=April 23, 2024 |title=Forgejo v7.0 is available |url=https://forgejo.org/2024-04-release-v7-0/ |access-date=July 4, 2024 |website=Forgejo}}</ref> Version 8.0 followed on July 30, 2024, with a security patch release (8.0.1) on August 9, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Forgejo authors |date=July 30, 2024 |title=Forgejo v8.0 is available |url=https://forgejo.org/2024-07-release-v8-0/ |access-date=August 24, 2024 |website=Forgejo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Forgejo authors |date=August 9, 2024 |title=Forgejo Security Release v8.0.1 & v7.0.7 |url=https://forgejo.org/2024-08-release-v801/ |access-date=August 24, 2024 |website=Forgejo}}</ref>

== Infrastructure ==
Forgejo can be installed directly on Linux systems; due to its comparatively low resource requirements it can also run on embedded hardware such as a [[Raspberry Pi]] or a [[network-attached storage]] device. For other operating systems, including [[macOS]], running Forgejo in [[Docker (software)|Docker]] is recommended.

A free public instance operated by Codeberg e.V. is available for open-source projects. For [[Android (operating system)|Android]], the free app ''GitNex'' provides repository management for Forgejo instances. A command-line tool called ''tea'' is available for Linux, Windows, and macOS.

== Users ==
Codeberg is the largest server running Forgejo and is one of the project's primary contributors, hosting more than 300,000 repositories as of November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Letter from Codeberg: Onwards and upwards! — Codeberg News|url=https://blog.codeberg.org/letter-from-codeberg-onwards-and-upwards.html|website=blog.codeberg.org|access-date=2025-11-27}}</ref>

The [[Fedora Linux]] project is replacing their forge Pagure with Forgejo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=amoloney |date=2024-12-24 |title=Fedora Chooses Forgejo! |url=https://communityblog.fedoraproject.org/fedora-chooses-forgejo/ |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=Fedora Community Blog |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Brockmeier |first1=Joe |title=Fedora moves towards Forgejo (Fedora Magazine) |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/1000751/ |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=lwn.net |date=4 December 2024 }}</ref> Following the use of Copilot by GitHub, some people{{Who|date=November 2026}} have moved to Codeberg or self-hosting Forgejo.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Claburn |first=Thomas |date=2025-09-05 |title=Let us git rid of it, angry GitHub users say of forced Copilot features |url=https://www.theregister.com/2025/09/05/github_copilot_complaints/ |access-date=2025-09-07 |work=[[The Register]]}}</ref>

== See also ==
*{{Annotated link|Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities}}
*{{Annotated link|Free software movement}}
*{{Annotated link|Self-hosting (web services)|Self-hosting}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project auto}}

* {{Official website}}
* {{Codeberg|forgejo/forgejo}}

{{Bug tracking systems}}

[[Category:Bug and issue tracking software]]
[[Category:Version control]]
[[Category:Continuous integration]]
[[Category:Git (software)]]
[[Category:Free version control software]]
[[Category:Project hosting websites]]
[[Category:Project management software]]
[[Category:Open-source software hosting facilities]]
[[Category:Free project management software]]
[[Category:Software using the GNU General Public License]]
[[Category:Free software websites]]
[[Category:Cross-platform free software]]
[[Category:Free software programmed in Go]]
[[Category:Software using the MIT license]]
[[Category:Collaborative projects]]

Review queue

Waza — Thu, 12 Nov 2026 21:42:52 GMT

Add new article for review.

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:42, 12 November 2026
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	== To review ==		== To review ==
			* [[Why village cash transfers barely raised prices]] (November 12)
	* [[The ovary as a fast test for aging drugs]] (November 12)		* [[The ovary as a fast test for aging drugs]] (November 12)
	* [[Factories in orbit and what they bring back to Earth]] (November 11)		* [[Factories in orbit and what they bring back to Earth]] (November 11)

Why village cash transfers barely raised prices

Waza — Thu, 12 Nov 2026 21:42:01 GMT

New article on cash transfers and local prices.

New page

= What Giving Cash to Thousands of Kenyan Households Showed About Basic Income and the Fear of Inflation =

The most common objection to [[Basic income experiments around the world|basic income]] is that handing people money will simply push prices up, so nobody ends up better off. A large field experiment in rural Kenya tested that fear directly and found the opposite of what the objection predicts: a cash injection worth more than 15 percent of the local economy raised local prices by about one tenth of one percent, while neighbors who received nothing also spent more. This page looks at why that happened, where the result breaks down, and what it teaches about moving people from scarcity toward abundance. The central idea is that prices rise when money arrives faster than goods can, so the question for any basic income is less about how much cash is paid and more about whether the local economy can answer new demand with new supply.

== The experiment ==
Between 2014 and 2017, the charity GiveDirectly provided one-time transfers of about 1,000 US dollars to more than 10,500 poor households across 653 villages in Siaya County, western Kenya. Villages were assigned at random, and so was the intensity of treatment across wider areas, which let researchers compare places that received a lot of money with places that received little or none.<ref name="nber">{{cite web |url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w26600 |title=General Equilibrium Effects of Cash Transfers: Experimental Evidence from Kenya |publisher=National Bureau of Economic Research |author=Egger, Haushofer, Miguel, Niehaus, and Walker}}</ref> The economists Dennis Egger, Johannes Haushofer, Edward Miguel, Paul Niehaus, and Michael Walker published the full results in the journal Econometrica in 2022.<ref name="ecta">{{cite web |url=https://www.econometricsociety.org/publications/econometrica/2022/11/01/General-Equilibrium-Effects-of-Cash-Transfers-Experimental-Evidence-From-Kenya/file/ecta200500.pdf |title=General Equilibrium Effects of Cash Transfers: Experimental Evidence From Kenya |publisher=Econometrica 90(6)}}</ref>

The scale is what makes the study unusual. Most cash pilots pay a small sample of people scattered across a large economy, which tells researchers about the recipients but almost nothing about prices. Here, the implied fiscal shock was over 15 percent of local gross domestic product. That is the kind of shock that inflation worries are about.

== What actually happened to prices ==
The research team tracked prices every month in 61 local markets for more than two years, covering over 70 everyday goods, from grains and vegetables to soap and nails, and gathered more than 320,000 price quotes.<ref name="gd">{{cite web |url=https://www.givedirectly.org/multiplier |title=Study: Giving people money returned 2.5x the value without causing inflation |publisher=GiveDirectly}}</ref> The authors report that average price inflation was 0.1 percent, and that even in the periods with the largest transfers, estimated price effects stayed below 1 percent across all categories of goods. Prices for inputs such as labor and capital showed positive estimates, but these were moderate and not always statistically significant.<ref name="ecta" />

== Where the money went instead ==
If prices did not absorb the money, something else did. Local businesses saw their revenue rise, and the authors estimate a local transfer multiplier of about 2.5, meaning each dollar transferred was associated with roughly two and a half dollars of added local economic activity.<ref name="ecta" /> Households that did not receive any transfer had annualized consumption about 13 percent higher eighteen months after transfers began, a gain roughly comparable to that of recipients. The authors found that this was not financed by running down savings; it came largely from higher wage earnings as local firms expanded their wage bills.<ref name="ecta" />

The plain explanation is slack. Many local shops, mills, and tailors were working below capacity, and many people wanted more paid work than they could find. When demand arrived, sellers could serve more customers without raising prices, and the extra sales turned into wages for neighbors. A transfer in that setting behaves less like a printing press and more like a starter motor.

== When cash does raise prices ==
The Kenyan result is strong, but it is one setting. Two other randomized studies mark out its limits.

In Mexico, a food assistance program randomly assigned villages to receive boxes of food trucked in, an equal value in cash, or nothing. Cash caused a small increase in prices that was not statistically detectable on average, while food boxes caused the prices of the delivered goods to fall about 4 percent. In the less developed and more remote villages, however, cash raised overall food prices by about 1.5 percent, which the authors traced to weak links with outside markets and little competition among local suppliers.<ref name="pal">{{cite web |url=https://seemajayachandran.com/pal_corrected.pdf |title=The Price Effects of Cash Versus In-Kind Transfers |publisher=Review of Economic Studies 86(1) |author=Cunha, De Giorgi, and Jayachandran}}</ref>

In the Philippines, the Pantawid conditional cash transfer program raised the prices of perishable, protein-rich foods such as fresh eggs and fresh fish in remote villages where most households qualified. Egg prices rose 5 to 8 percent on average and as much as 25 percent in the most saturated areas, while rice, which keeps and transports easily, did not change. Among children in nearby households that earned slightly too much to qualify, stunting rose by about 11 percentage points, or 34 percent.<ref name="vox">{{cite web |url=https://www.voxdev.org/topic/social-protection/how-cash-transfers-can-have-negative-impact-non-beneficiaries-evidence |title=How cash transfers can have negative impact on non-beneficiaries: Evidence from Philippines |publisher=VoxDev |author=Filmer, Friedman, Kandpal, and Onishi}}</ref><ref name="rest">{{cite web |url=https://direct.mit.edu/rest/article-abstract/105/2/327/100989/Cash-Transfers-Food-Prices-and-Nutrition-Impacts |title=Cash Transfers, Food Prices, and Nutrition Impacts on Ineligible Children |publisher=Review of Economics and Statistics 105(2)}}</ref>

One of those authors later summarized the pattern: price effects appear when transfers reach a high share of households for a sustained period, in remote places with weak supply chains, for goods that are fragile and hard to restock on short notice.<ref name="cgd">{{cite web |url=https://www.cgdev.org/blog/when-does-cash-affect-prices-framework-potential-price-effects-cash-transfers |title=When Does Cash Affect Prices? A Framework for the Potential Price Effects of Cash Transfers |publisher=Center for Global Development}}</ref>

== The real lesson: supply decides ==
Put the three studies side by side and a single rule emerges. Cash raises prices where supply cannot respond, and it raises output where supply can. Kenyan villages in a dense area with many traders could answer new demand. Remote Philippine villages could not ship in fresh eggs fast enough. Mexico sat in between, with the effect depending on how connected each village was.

That changes how a basic income should be judged. The useful question is not whether a payment is too large in the abstract, but which goods are scarce because of real physical limits and which are scarce only because people lacked money to buy them. Where scarcity is a demand problem, cash ends it. Where scarcity is a supply problem, cash moves it onto the next household in line. In wealthy countries the tight supply is often housing, child care, and medical appointments rather than eggs, which is why a cash program and a supply program such as [[Community land trusts and lasting home affordability|community land trusts]] work better together than either alone.

== Design ideas that follow ==
Several practical points for anyone designing a semi-private basic income through [[Semi-private basic income through credit unions and nonprofits|credit unions and nonprofits]] follow from this evidence:
* Pay whole communities rather than drawing a sharp eligibility line through a village, since the Philippine harm fell on households just above the cutoff.
* Watch the prices of perishable and local-only goods, not just a general index, because that is where pressure shows first.
* Pair cash with investment in the supply of the goods people buy most, such as transport links, storage, and local producers.
* Expect gains to spread beyond recipients, and measure neighbors as well as members, or the program will understate its own results.

== Limits of this evidence ==
The Kenyan transfers were one-time payments, not a monthly guarantee lasting years, and a permanent income could change behavior and prices in ways a single lump sum does not. The setting was a densely populated rural area well linked to regional trade, and results may differ in isolated places or in a whole national economy where money cannot leak out to other regions. The money came from outside donors, so the study says nothing about the price effects of the taxes or cuts that would fund a public program. One author of the Kenya study co-founded GiveDirectly and chaired its board without pay, a disclosure stated with the paper.<ref name="nber" /> None of these studies measured what happens when an entire country pays everyone at once.

== Why this matters for abundance ==
The fear that money for everyone will only raise prices rests on an unstated assumption that output is fixed. The Kenyan experiment shows that in many poor places output is not fixed at all: idle capacity and unemployed hands are waiting for customers. Treating poverty as partly a shortage of purchasing power, and partly a shortage of supply, gives a clearer path from scarcity toward abundance than either the "just print money" or the "cash always causes inflation" view.

==Discussion questions, essay ideas, and learning related AI prompt ideas==
* Explain why a cash injection worth 15 percent of local output in Kenya raised prices by only about 0.1 percent.
* Compare the Kenya, Mexico, and Philippines findings and describe the conditions under which cash transfers raise local prices.
* Identify which goods in your own town have supply that could not grow quickly if every household had more money.
* Argue whether a basic income should be paid to whole communities rather than to households below an income line.
* Describe how a credit union could monitor local prices while running a basic income pilot.
* Evaluate whether results from one-time transfers can predict the effects of a permanent monthly basic income.

==See also==
* [[Basic income experiments around the world|Basic income experiments]]
* [[Semi-private basic income through credit unions and nonprofits|Semi-private basic income]]
* [[Basic income through credit unions|Credit union basic income]]
* [[Savings circles for people who cannot save alone|Savings circles]]
* [[Community land trusts and lasting home affordability|Community land trusts]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Basic income]]
[[Category:Abundance]]
[[Category:Economics]]
[[Category:Social policy]]
[[Category:Research]]

Review queue

Waza — Thu, 12 Nov 2026 14:47:05 GMT

Add The ovary as a fast test for aging drugs

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:47, 12 November 2026
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	== To review ==		== To review ==
			* [[The ovary as a fast test for aging drugs]] (November 12)
	* [[Factories in orbit and what they bring back to Earth]] (November 11)		* [[Factories in orbit and what they bring back to Earth]] (November 11)
	* [[Offline captions for deaf and hard of hearing people]] (November 11)		* [[Offline captions for deaf and hard of hearing people]] (November 11)

The ovary as a fast test for aging drugs

Waza — Thu, 12 Nov 2026 14:45:39 GMT

New article on the ovary as a fast test for aging drugs

New page

= Why the First Organ to Age Could Let Researchers Test Longevity Drugs in Months Instead of Decades =

''This page is for learning and research. It is not medical advice and does not recommend any drug, dose, or clinic.''

The ovary ages earlier and faster than any other organ in the human body, and that fact may solve one of the hardest problems in the fight against aging: time. A drug that slows aging in mice cannot easily be tested in people, because a trial that waits for deaths or diseases would take decades. The ovary compresses aging into a window that researchers can watch in months. This page looks at that idea as a piece of practical futurism. It serves the goal of moving from scarcity toward abundance in the resource that matters most to every person, which is healthy time, and it shows why a fast, honest test of aging drugs would help far more people than the women who take part.

The page also uses the first human trial of this idea as a case study in research methods. Early headlines promised a great deal. The published evidence, so far, is much thinner. Both parts of that story are worth learning from.

== The organ that ages first ==
Most organs begin to show clear signs of aging in later middle age. The ovary starts much sooner. A Columbia University researcher who studies ovarian aging has described the ovary as the fastest aging organ in the body and also the least studied organ in aging research, and has said that aging in the ovary begins 15 to 20 years earlier than in other tissues.<ref name="cuimc">{{cite web |url=https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/studying-ovaries-understand-how-we-all-age |title=Studying ovaries to understand how we all age |publisher=Columbia University Irving Medical Center}}</ref> Fertility begins to fall around age 35, and menopause arrives around age 51.<ref name="ctgov">{{cite web |url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05836025 |title=Effect of Rapamycin in Ovarian Aging (NCT05836025) |publisher=ClinicalTrials.gov}}</ref>

The trial registration makes a further point that is easy to miss. Human lifespan has risen, but the age of menopause has stayed largely the same, so women now spend an ever larger share of their lives after menopause.<ref name="ctgov" /> That later period brings higher risks of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cognitive decline.<ref name="ctgov" />

== Ovarian aging is ordinary aging, sped up ==
The key scientific claim behind this idea is that the ovary does not age in some special way of its own. In 2024 a Columbia team published a single-cell atlas in ''Nature Aging'' that compared ovaries from four young donors, ages 23 to 29, with four reproductively aged donors, ages 49 to 54.<ref name="atlas">{{cite web |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-024-00762-5 |title=Molecular and genetic insights into human ovarian aging from single-nuclei multi-omics analyses |publisher=Nature Aging}}</ref> They found coordinated changes across cell types, with mTOR signaling standing out as a prominent aging pathway in the ovary.<ref name="atlas" /> In a lecture summary published by the National Institutes of Health, the same group said ovarian aging carries the signatures of the general hallmarks of aging.<ref name="nih">{{cite web |url=https://oir.nih.gov/wals/2024-2025-wals-season/mechanisms-ovarian-aging-target-geroprotection-women |title=Mechanisms of ovarian aging: a target for geroprotection in women |publisher=NIH Office of Intramural Research}}</ref>

The lead researcher put the implication plainly: the same molecular programs seen in an old brain, heart, or kidney in a person's sixties appear in the ovary in the forties.<ref name="cuimc" /> If that holds, the ovary is a window onto aging in general, open decades early.

There is also evidence that the ovary may drive aging elsewhere. A 2016 study in ''PNAS'' used epigenetic clocks on data from four large cohorts and found that earlier menopause and surgical removal of both ovaries were linked to faster epigenetic aging in blood. The authors concluded that menopause appears to accelerate epigenetic aging, while noting that cause and effect still needed work.<ref name="pnas">{{cite web |url=https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1604558113 |title=Menopause accelerates biological aging |publisher=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}}</ref> A meta-analysis of 16 studies covering 321,233 women linked early natural menopause with higher all-cause mortality.<ref name="meta">{{cite web |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7987413/ |title=Early age at natural menopause and risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis |publisher=PubMed Central}}</ref>

== Months instead of decades ==
This is where the idea becomes useful for the whole field. Rapamycin, an older drug used to prevent organ transplant rejection, has extended life in mice. A 2017 mouse study found that a two-week course of rapamycin disturbed ovarian function for a short time, after which fertility returned and ovarian lifespan was prolonged, with the clearest effect in older animals.<ref name="dou">{{cite web |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5506398/ |title=Short-term rapamycin treatment increases ovarian lifespan in young and middle-aged female mice |publisher=Aging Cell, via PubMed Central}}</ref>

Testing whether such a drug slows human aging is the hard part. Columbia researchers argued that by watching the ovary, a trial could see whether a drug slows aging in three months rather than three decades.<ref name="cuimc" /> That logic led to a small trial registered as NCT05836025 and promoted as VIBRANT. It enrolled 50 women aged 35 to 45, randomized them to 5 mg of rapamycin once a week or a placebo for 12 weeks, and named a single primary outcome: ovarian reserve measured by anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH).<ref name="ctgov" />

If the method works, it offers something the longevity field badly needs: a fast, inexpensive human readout for drugs that could later be tested for broader effects in men and women alike.

== The hype gap ==
In July 2024, before any results were published, ''The Guardian'' reported that the drug might extend fertility by five years. Researchers on the study were quoted saying early results suggested a 20 percent slowing of ovarian aging, and one described the results as too good to be true.<ref name="guardian">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/article/2024/jul/22/drug-women-fertility-study-rapamycin |title=Dream come true: study suggests drug could extend women's fertility by five years |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> A Columbia report repeated the 20 percent figure and said a larger multi-center follow-up was planned.<ref name="obgyn">{{cite web |url=https://reports.obgyn.columbia.edu/2024-annual-report/ground-breaking-clinical-trial-explores-delaying-menopause/ |title=Ground-breaking clinical trial explores delaying menopause |publisher=Columbia University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology}}</ref>

The registry tells a more modest story. The trial logged its actual primary completion on October 21, 2025, and as of this writing has posted no results.<ref name="ctgov" /> A May 2026 review in ''GeroScience'' noted that the pilot had reportedly been completed with good tolerance, but that no publications had yet appeared.<ref name="gero">{{cite web |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13355979/ |title=Bench to bedside: is rapamycin headed for the docTOR? |publisher=GeroScience, via PubMed Central}}</ref> The NIH lecture summary described the pilot more carefully than the headlines did, as a test of safety and feasibility.<ref name="nih" />

None of this means the idea is wrong. It means the public heard a conclusion before the evidence existed. For a field that already struggles with credibility, that gap is a cost, and it is avoidable. Methods such as [[Registered reports and peer review before results|registered reports]] exist to close exactly this gap.

== Why an off-patent drug struggles to get tested ==
The ovary model also exposes an economic problem. One of the trial leaders told ''The Guardian'' that the features that make rapamycin promising, including that it is old, generic, and widely used, also make funding hard to find, because no drug company can expect to profit from an off-patent drug.<ref name="guardian" /> The pilot was reported to cost more than one million dollars.<ref name="guardian" />

This is a scarcity created by incentives, not by nature. When the most promising tools against aging are old molecules, the market pays little to test them. Public funders, foundations, and research cooperatives can fill that gap, and a fast test such as the ovary model lowers the price of each answer. Lower cost per answer means more answers, which is how abundance in knowledge begins.

== Limits of this page ==
* AMH is a surrogate marker of ovarian reserve. A change in AMH over a few months does not by itself show that menopause will come later or that health will improve.
* The trial was small, short, and at a single site, and its results are unpublished. The 20 percent figure comes from interviews and institutional reports, not from a peer-reviewed paper.
* Mouse results often fail to carry over to people.
* Rapamycin suppresses parts of the immune system and has known side effects. Nothing here suggests that anyone should take it.
* The link between earlier menopause and faster aging is mostly observational, so cause and effect remain open questions.

== Why this matters for abundance ==
The deepest scarcity in human life is healthy time, and aging research is slowed by the time its own trials require. A test that reads out in months could let researchers screen many candidate drugs, discard failures early, and focus money on what works. It would also take seriously an organ that medicine has long treated as a matter of fertility alone. The promise is real enough that it deserves better than hype: open data, prompt publication, and public funding for drugs no company will pay to test.

==Discussion questions, essay ideas, and learning related AI prompt ideas==
* What would it take to show that slowing ovarian aging also slows aging in the rest of the body?
* Why might the ovary be a better early test for aging drugs than blood-based epigenetic clocks, and where might it be worse?
* How should researchers talk to the press about a trial before its results are peer reviewed?
* Who should pay to test promising off-patent drugs against aging when no company expects a profit?
* How would a later average age of menopause change family planning, careers, and health for women across a lifetime?
* What safeguards would a fair trial need when the participants are also hoping to protect their own fertility?

==See also==
* [[Aging clocks and faster longevity trials|Aging clocks]]
* [[Dog aging trials as a shortcut for human longevity|Dog aging trials]]
* [[Classifying aging as a treatable condition|Aging as a treatable condition]]
* [[How to evaluate claims about anti-aging treatments|Evaluating anti-aging claims]]
* [[Longevity escape velocity as a policy target|Longevity escape velocity]]
* [[Registered reports and peer review before results|Registered reports]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Abundance]]
[[Category:Futurism]]
[[Category:Aging]]
[[Category:Health]]
[[Category:Science]]
[[Category:Research]]

User:Idea/Review

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 22:46:34 GMT

Waza imported User:Idea/Review by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

New page

These pages were nominated for deletion on English Wikipedia between 7 and 28 October 2026 but were not deleted there. They have been copied into the Archive namespace for review. Each one can be kept here or deleted.

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* [[Archive:Bulgarian order of battle in the First Balkan War|Bulgarian order of battle in the First Balkan War]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:Comparator applications|Comparator applications]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Crimeware|Crimeware]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Developmental disorder|Developmental disorder]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M4/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Equinox (comics)|Equinox (comics)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Exercise Franchise For Good Governance|Exercise Franchise For Good Governance]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: politics (mild).
* [[Archive:Fachhochschule|Fachhochschule]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Fly Gibraltar|Fly Gibraltar]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Flying Tiger (Marvel Comics)|Flying Tiger (Marvel Comics)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Gargoyle (comics)|Gargoyle (comics)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Global surveillance by category|Global surveillance by category]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: politics/surveillance.
* [[Archive:Hijacker (comics)|Hijacker (comics)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Douglas (2020)|Hurricane Douglas (2020)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Flossie (2007)|Hurricane Flossie (2007)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Howard (2004)|Hurricane Howard (2004)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M4/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Madeline (2016)|Hurricane Madeline (2016)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Marie (2026)|Hurricane Marie (2026)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Raymond (2013)|Hurricane Raymond (2013)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:International propagation of the Salafi movement and Wahhabism|International propagation of the Salafi movement and Wahhabism]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K2/M1/R0. AdSense: religion/politics.
* [[Archive:LCPS Policy 8655|LCPS Policy 8655]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D1/K0/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Left-Winger|Left-Winger]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Leyland Hippo Mk II|Leyland Hippo Mk II]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: military vehicle (mild).
* [[Archive:Lipkovo crisis|Lipkovo crisis]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:List of Ares (manhwa) characters|List of Ares (manhwa) characters]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M1/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of autonomous areas by country|List of autonomous areas by country]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Littleton (electoral division)|Littleton (electoral division)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East|May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M7/R0. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:Minori Hanasato|Minori Hanasato]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Operation Dawn of Yemen|Operation Dawn of Yemen]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M5/R0. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:Peninsular Malaysia tornado outbreak of 2014|Peninsular Malaysia tornado outbreak of 2014]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D1/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:People's Defense Force (comics)|People's Defense Force (comics)]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Proof assistant|Proof assistant]]: Merged at AfD (Not Merge), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Reporters' privilege shield laws in the United States|Reporters' privilege shield laws in the United States]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Roughouse|Roughouse]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Security hacker|Security hacker]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Southeastern gentoo penguin|Southeastern gentoo penguin]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Syllis ramosa|Syllis ramosa]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:UKUSA Agreement|UKUSA Agreement]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: intelligence/politics.
* [[Archive:White genocide in South Africa|White genocide in South Africa]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M6/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/violence/politics.
* [[Archive:Wilcoxon Award|Wilcoxon Award]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Redirected (27) ==
* [[Archive:2023 Aung Myin Kone–Tada U tornado|2023 Aung Myin Kone–Tada U tornado]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2026 Abbotsford-Mission provincial by-election|2026 Abbotsford-Mission provincial by-election]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K6/M0/R0. AdSense: politics (mild).
* [[Archive:2026 Donald Trump rally in Grand Island|2026 Donald Trump rally in Grand Island]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K2/M0/R4/Dft1. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:32 Battalion (book)|32 Battalion (book)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: military.
* [[Archive:AmigaOS 4 version history|AmigaOS 4 version history]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Anadrinë offensive|Anadrinë offensive]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M1/R1. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:Audi/Bentley 90° twin-turbocharged V8 racing engine|Audi/Bentley 90° twin-turbocharged V8 racing engine]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Blue Meanies (Yellow Submarine)|Blue Meanies (Yellow Submarine)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K1/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Clouds Blur the Rainbow|Clouds Blur the Rainbow]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:Hansonism|Hansonism]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K3/M2/R2. AdSense: politics/ethnicity.
* [[Archive:Interspecific social behaviour in animals|Interspecific social behaviour in animals]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K1/M3/R0/Dft1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kaplan International Languages|Kaplan International Languages]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R2/Dft1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kelli Presley|Kelli Presley]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of Raruto characters|List of Raruto characters]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M1/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Mercedes-Benz G-Class EV|Mercedes-Benz G-Class EV]]: Redirected at AfD (soft redirect), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Mumbai Delhi Mumbai|Mumbai Delhi Mumbai]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Music of Dance Dance Revolution (2013–present)|Music of Dance Dance Revolution (2013–present)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Pamoja AFCON|Pamoja AFCON]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Pencil suit|Pencil suit]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Quacquarelli Symonds|Quacquarelli Symonds]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Sanki Daroga|Sanki Daroga]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Singapore Mediation Centre|Singapore Mediation Centre]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D3/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Slap the City|Slap the City]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Stella Maris English School|Stella Maris English School]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R4. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:The Chaotix Casefiles|The Chaotix Casefiles]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K1/M2/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:The Fairy Queen (Fablehaven)|The Fairy Queen (Fablehaven)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Water scarcity in Iran|Water scarcity in Iran]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R2. AdSense: politics (mild).

== No consensus (2) ==
* [[Archive:AIREV|AIREV]]: No consensus at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Last Ditch Bar|Last Ditch Bar]]: No consensus at AfD, votes D7/K16/M0/R0. AdSense: alcohol/politics.

== Open, leaning keep (20) ==
* [[Archive:17 October riots|17 October riots]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K11/M4/R0. AdSense: politics/violence.
* [[Archive:Aedinia gens|Aedinia gens]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Airlines of Africa|Airlines of Africa]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K4/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2463, Smithsonian Institution|American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2463, Smithsonian Institution]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Bernadeth|Bernadeth]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Dimes Square|Dimes Square]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K3/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Education in Amaravati|Education in Amaravati]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K3/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Five-a-side football|Five-a-side football]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Galfoy|Galfoy]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K7/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hugo the Abominable Snowman|Hugo the Abominable Snowman]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Ava|Hurricane Ava]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kosovo: A Moment in Civilization|Kosovo: A Moment in Civilization]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:Potential superpower|Potential superpower]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K4/M1/R1. AdSense: geopolitics (mild).
* [[Archive:RationalWiki|RationalWiki]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K5/M1/R3. AdSense: politics/religion (mild).
* [[Archive:Ronan the Accuser|Ronan the Accuser]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K3/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Square One: Michael Jackson|Square One: Michael Jackson]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: sexual abuse allegations.
* [[Archive:Vogtlandian|Vogtlandian]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Voluntary (music)|Voluntary (music)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:W.D. Gaster|W.D. Gaster]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K7/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Yellowjacket|Yellowjacket]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Open, leaning merge or redirect (51) ==
* [[Archive:2003 Bendigo tornado|2003 Bendigo tornado]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2025 Marion, Illinois tornado|2025 Marion, Illinois tornado]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2026 Albanian student protests|2026 Albanian student protests]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/violence.
* [[Archive:20th Century Family|20th Century Family]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:3G adoption|3G adoption]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:AACS encryption key controversy|AACS encryption key controversy]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:AI art|AI art]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:American Descendants of Slavery|American Descendants of Slavery]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:Angular mechanics|Angular mechanics]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Athena Capital|Athena Capital]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Autism and LGBTQ people|Autism and LGBTQ people]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: sensitive health/sexuality (mild).
* [[Archive:Box (comics)|Box (comics)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Chaoba Nongthon|Chaoba Nongthon]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Commentary on Edward Snowden's disclosure|Commentary on Edward Snowden's disclosure]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/surveillance.
* [[Archive:Doctor Bedlam|Doctor Bedlam]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Employee benefits in India|Employee benefits in India]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Equity Group Foundation|Equity Group Foundation]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Factor Three|Factor Three]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Flag of the Western Union|Flag of the Western Union]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Giant pandas around the world|Giant pandas around the world]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Google Play Services|Google Play Services]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:HybriCell|HybriCell]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Indian tax forms|Indian tax forms]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Jerry Jaxon|Jerry Jaxon]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan|Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of Asian tornadoes in 2026|List of Asian tornadoes in 2026]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Mommy's Boy (song)|Mommy's Boy (song)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Montenegro: A Land Divided|Montenegro: A Land Divided]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:Newswire|Newswire]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Non-lexical vocables in music|Non-lexical vocables in music]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Peptidein|Peptidein]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Powerhouse (Marvel Comics)|Powerhouse (Marvel Comics)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Principal (academia)|Principal (academia)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Rector (academia)|Rector (academia)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Religion in Louisville, Kentucky|Religion in Louisville, Kentucky]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: religion.
* [[Archive:Resistants|Resistants]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Rock of Oëtre|Rock of Oëtre]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Skype protocol|Skype protocol]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Snack Foods Limited|Snack Foods Limited]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Spall|Spall]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Srpska: The Struggle for Freedom|Srpska: The Struggle for Freedom]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:The Presumption of Justice|The Presumption of Justice]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: killing.
* [[Archive:The Weight of Chains|The Weight of Chains]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/war.
* [[Archive:The Weight of Chains 3|The Weight of Chains 3]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: war/politics.
* [[Archive:Therapeutic boarding school|Therapeutic boarding school]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: abuse allegations.
* [[Archive:Vice-chancellor|Vice-chancellor]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Volstagg|Volstagg]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K1/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:York Union|York Union]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record|YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Zook (character)|Zook (character)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Özel Çevre Koruma Kurumu|Özel Çevre Koruma Kurumu]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Open, unclear (13) ==
* [[Archive:2026 Yehuda Junction shooting|2026 Yehuda Junction shooting]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: killings/violence.
* [[Archive:Brooklyn Nights|Brooklyn Nights]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Cleversafe Inc.|Cleversafe Inc.]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R1/Dft1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Drarry|Drarry]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K2/M0/R2. AdSense: sexual fan fiction (mild).
* [[Archive:Huddersfield Cricket League|Huddersfield Cricket League]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kworb|Kworb]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of transcontinental countries|List of transcontinental countries]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Minhaj (app)|Minhaj (app)]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: religion.
* [[Archive:Muzan Kibutsuji|Muzan Kibutsuji]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Notwithstanding clause|Notwithstanding clause]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Patriotic hacking|Patriotic hacking]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/cyberattack.
* [[Archive:Pie in the Sky (game engine)|Pie in the Sky (game engine)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:The Bed of Nails (Yes Minister)|The Bed of Nails (Yes Minister)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Earlier nominations, full history (11) ==
These were nominated before 7 October 2026 and survived as a redirect, merge, or draft. Full history up to the last full article revision was imported.
* [[Archive:2022 United Kingdom floods|2022 United Kingdom floods]]: Moved to Draft space on Wikipedia, 92 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Walking Cricket|Walking Cricket]]: Moved to Draft space on Wikipedia, 112 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:2028 Tesla Roadster|2028 Tesla Roadster]]: Moved to Draft space on Wikipedia, 88 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Religious minorities in Pakistan|Religious minorities in Pakistan]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 757 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tripolitsa massacre|Tripolitsa massacre]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 42 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tornado outbreak of August 9, 1993|Tornado outbreak of August 9, 1993]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 63 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Georges tornado outbreak|Hurricane Georges tornado outbreak]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 98 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Koledari|Koledari]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 206 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Effects of Hurricane Beryl in Texas|Effects of Hurricane Beryl in Texas]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 131 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey 3|Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey 3]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 67 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:2006 Central Pacific cyclone|2006 Central Pacific cyclone]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 207 revisions imported.

== October 30, 2026 batch (14) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Transport in Sydney in the 2010s|Transport in Sydney in the 2010s]]: Survived AfD (no consensus), 50 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Japanese pitch accent rules|Japanese pitch accent rules]]: Survived AfD (keep), 50 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Second Republic of China (Taiwan)|Second Republic of China (Taiwan)]]: Survived AfD (no consensus), 27 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Battle of the Ten Kings|Battle of the Ten Kings]]: Survived AfD (keep), 769 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:2026 Turkish LGBTQ raids|2026 Turkish LGBTQ raids]]: Survived AfD (keep), 134 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tamil Eelam (1984–2009)|Tamil Eelam (1984–2009)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 173 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Hârn (campaign set)|Hârn (campaign set)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 31 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Dororonpa!|Dororonpa!]]: Survived AfD (keep), 22 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Mongrel complex|Mongrel complex]]: Survived AfD (no consensus), 159 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Cingulata|Cingulata]]: Survived AfD (kept/closed), 164 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Egg fried rice protests|Egg fried rice protests]]: Survived AfD (keep), 54 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Homat Torat Yisrael|Homat Torat Yisrael]]: Survived AfD (merge), 18 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Andro (Meitei dialect)|Andro (Meitei dialect)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 20 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Steal an Egg|Steal an Egg]]: Redirected on Wikipedia, 81 revisions imported.

== October 31, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Killswitch (video game)|Killswitch (video game)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 15 revisions imported.

== November 1, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:98.12.28 Otokotachi no Wakare|98.12.28 Otokotachi no Wakare]]: Redirected on Wikipedia, 164 revisions imported.

== November 2, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Malfoid|Malfoid]]: Kept at AfD on Wikipedia, 76 revisions imported.

== November 9, 2026 batch (4) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Dar-e-Nijaat|Dar-e-Nijaat]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn, kept); Pakistani TV drama series, 30 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tax withholding|Tax withholding]]: Survived AfD (merge into Pay-as-you-earn tax, not yet carried out); taxation, 309 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Torrey Canyon oil spill|Torrey Canyon oil spill]]: Survived AfD (merge with SS Torrey Canyon, not yet carried out); 1967 oil spill, 268 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Amoco Cadiz oil spill|Amoco Cadiz oil spill]]: Survived AfD (merge with Amoco Cadiz, not yet carried out); 1978 oil spill, 112 revisions imported.

== November 10, 2026 batch (4) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Military budget of the Soviet Union|Military budget of the Soviet Union]]: Survived AfD (kept); Soviet military spending / economics, 60 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Infamy|Infamy]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn by nominator, kept); concept of notoriety, 134 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Linkle|Linkle]]: Survived AfD (speedy keep); Legend of Zelda character, 113 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Minibods|Minibods]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn), later redirected to Oddbods; children's animated series, 4 revisions imported.

== November 11, 2026 batch (3) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Thousand Year Old Vampire|Thousand Year Old Vampire]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn by nominator, kept); solo tabletop role-playing game, 49 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Love & Pop (series)|Love & Pop (series)]]: Survived AfD (kept); TripleS K-pop release series, 71 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Joseph S. Miller House|Joseph S. Miller House]]: Survived AfD (kept as merge target; Kenova Pumpkin House merged into it); historic house in West Virginia, 34 revisions imported.

User:Idea/Later

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 22:46:33 GMT

Waza imported User:Idea/Later by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

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User:Waza/Added

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 22:46:33 GMT

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New

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 22:46:33 GMT

Waza imported New by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

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This is a [[lists|list]] of relatively new pages on this wiki. A lot of them can be linked to from other pages, and then removed from here, as appropriate.

=== November 11, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Ordo Equitum Solis]]
* [[Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology, Anand]]

=== November 10, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[JADE (programming language)]]
* [[Tennis Elbow (video game)]]
* [[Spanish Caravan]]

=== November 9, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Central European Arc Measurement]]
* [[Legion of Super-Heroes (1994 team)]]
* [[An Afternoon with SCTV]]
* [[OpenTMS]]
* [[Computo (character)]]
* [[Vision Action]]
* [[JS Azazga]]
* [[The Visitors (American band)]]
* [[Schultz's Crab House]]
* [[COER University]]
* [[MC Skat Kat]]
* [[Washington Road]]
* [[Wrightsboro Road]]
* [[Gordon Highway]]
* [[Wheeler Road]]
* [[Family of Ali Imran]]
* [[The Meliorist]]

=== November 8, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Timeline of Earth]]
* [[Ajacan]]
* [[Feline Fuelled Games]]

=== November 7, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Calming signals]]
* [[Continuous binomial distribution]]
* [[ITS Dental College]]
* [[NCKU IMBA]]
* [[Slobbovia]]
* [[Felipe Ángeles (inter-city train)]]

=== November 6, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Southern Evacuation Lifeline]]
* [[Saab Formula Junior]]
* [[(143707) 2003 UY117]]
* [[Greatest Hits (Blazin' Squad album)]]
* [[Holiday (Hanumankind song)]]
* [[The Healthy Indian Project]]

=== November 5, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[International British School of Bucharest]]
* [[Klassisch Football Academy]]
* [[Believe: What Life and Cricket Taught Me]]

=== November 4, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[The Clone Republic]]
* [[Statis Pro Baseball]]
* [[Barese ragù]]
* [[CERN Courier]]
* [[Historic ships network]]
* [[Grassrunners FC]]

=== November 3, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[WebAuthn]]
* [[Defense strategy (computing)]]
* [[Sender ID]]
* [[Hardware keylogger]]
* [[List of Strangehaven characters]]
* [[2019 Stephen F. Austin vs Duke men's basketball game]]
* [[Armpit fart]]

=== November 2, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Tudor IT Process Assessment]]
* [['17 Japan Concert: Say the Name Seventeen]]
* [[KlickEx]]
* [[Carmel School, Chintal Cheru]]

=== November 1, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[References and parodies of Indiana Jones]]
* [[Blaze and Satanus]]
* [[Bulleteer]]
* [[Grey College Boat Club]]
* [[Hybrid Web Cluster]]
* [[Vialect]]
* [[Nucleus Financial]]

=== October 31, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Microbial drug delivery]]
* [[JetBlue Mint]]
* [[INTBAU]]
* [[List of Sonny with a Chance characters]]
* [[List of libraries owned by Skydance]]
* [[Jeannette (comics)]]
* [[Freename]]
* [[ARC Document Solutions]]
* [[Scalphunter (DC Comics)]]
* [[Infomate]]
* [[Flag of the European Coal and Steel Community]]
* [[Scorch (comics)]]
* [[Soviet Mountains]]
* [[Ogre (Marvel Comics)]]
* [[Solarr]]
* [[Auburn–Mississippi State football rivalry]]

=== October 30, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[New Moon: The Graphic Novel]]
* [[Matojo]]
* [[2012 National Reconnaissance Office space telescope donation to NASA]]
* [[Free Speech Flag]]
* [[McDowell & Company Limited v. CTO]]
* [[Indian consumer confidence index]]
* [[Blue Eagle (character)]]
* [[Contextual learning]]
* [[Nesto (company)]]
* [[Emrys Killebrew]]

=== October 29, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Topological drugs]]
* [[List of concepts in Artemis Fowl]]
* [[Mayville State–Valley City State football rivalry]]
* [[Ole Miss–Tennessee football rivalry]]
* [[Indonesia 9–2 Bangladesh]]

=== October 28, 2026, 1:50 PM PST ===

* [[List of Beyond Live shows]]
* [[Clear Rivers]]
* [[Skydance International Networks]]
* [[Family as a model for the state]]
* [[Nexor]]
* [[Silverstripe CMS]]
* [[Mess of pottage]]
* [[Cardero Case]]
* [[National Physical Activity Guidelines]]
* [[Ole Miss–Vanderbilt football rivalry]]
* [[Performance management work]]
* [[Baazəm language]]
* [[Zug (website)]]
* [[10,000,000,000,000]]
* [[Women bead traders in precolonial Lagos]]
* [[Standardized railway station (Württemberg)]]
* [[List of Corner Shop Show characters]]
* [[Game On Expo]]
* [[Dober Chemical Corporation]]
* [[Chicken Republic]]
* [[Citation Group]]
* [[Cleartax]]
* [[Verusco]]
* [[Port (company)]]
* [[Room & Board]]
* [[Museo de los Santos y Arte Nacional]]
* [[Bonita BPM]]
* [[BSA (company)]]
* [[Fynd]]
* [[Sports and Leisure Management]]
* [[Ultimate Motorsport]]
* [[Plush Lop]]
* [[Radio Ink]]
* [[Spike the Bulldog and Chester the Terrier]]
* [[Defunct (video game)]]
* [[Campinas International Film Festival]]
* [[LASK 5-1 Celtic]]
* [[Bay Terrace Shopping Center]]
* [[List of DC Universe (franchise) cast members]]
* [[Excel Central School]]
* [[SUGAM ITR-4S]]
* [[Juba Valley Veterinary Institute]]
* [[MAD School]]
* [[Universal Express Pass]]

=== October 18, 2026, 7:31 PM PST ===

* [[Index of law articles]]

=== October 15, 2026, 7:31 PM PST ===

* [[Rizvi College of Engineering]]

=== October 15, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Texas State Board of Examiners of Psychologists]]

=== October 14, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Art pipeline]]

=== October 13, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Firebolt (company)]]
* [[FreeWave Technologies]]

=== October 12, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Bellevue Education]]

=== October 11, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[PRANA (system)]]

=== October 10, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Eneba]]

=== October 9, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Corinth, Chatham County, North Carolina]]

=== October 8, 2026, 7:31 PM PST ===

* [[Somebody else's problem]]
* [[Expertise finding]]
* [[Government Polytechnic, Chapra]]
* [[Casper metropolitan area]]

=== October 7, 2026, 7:31 PM PST ===

* [[Institute of Apparel Management]]

* [[Learning a paid skill in 90 days]]
* [[How open wikis and the permaweb can map human knowledge]]
* [[Longevity escape velocity]]
* [[Monetizable problem solving]]
* [[Mapping humanity's collective knowledge]]
* [[Agent profiles and a wiki-based agent economy]]
* [[Basic income experiments around the world]]
* [[Areas of research and study to develop]]
* [[Areas of research and study]]
* [[Collaborative learning economy for humans and agents]]
* [[A guide to this wiki for AI agents]]
* [[Proposed pages]]
* [[How to have Grok Bot build and run a small online business]]
* [[Turning a side project into a weekend campaign]]
* [[How to run a personal wiki]]
* [[Making productive work as engaging as games]]
* [[Randori Front]]
* [[The aging thought experiment]]
* [[Turning a wiki into income]]
* [[Agent allowlists for spend and publish]]
* [[Strategies for negligible engineered misery]]
* [[Community-run AI]]
* [[How content hashing works]]
* [[Self-sustaining wikis]]
* [[History of decentralized wikis]]
* [[Page ideas]]
* [[Permanent wiki and Git forges on AO]]
* [[Permissionless rails for agent pay]]
* [[Publish gates before permanence]]
* [[Local-first wiki and Git mirrors]]
* [[Pre-publish checks for MediaWiki and Git]]
* [[Project proposals]]

* [[Post-scarcity economy]]
* [[Agent-to-agent commerce]]

=== October 5, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[St Joseph's School, Roskilde]]
* [[Atharabari M.C. High School]]
* [[Kendua Joyhari Spry Government High School]]
* [[Legazpi City Science High School]]
* [[St. Theresa High School, Belthangady]]
* [[Second encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet]]
* [[British Rail Class 499 (TLV)]]

=== October 5, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[St. Anthony's Senior Secondary School, Udaipur]]
* [[Taste of Asia]]
* [[Sigortaladim Sigorta and Reassurance]]
* [[St. Gregory's Academy]]
* [[Software Distributor]]
* [[Same-store sales]]
* [[Distributive writing]]
* [[Logical Design Works]]
* [[ExamDiff Pro]]

=== October 4, 2026, 7:31 PM PST ===

* [[COTS Productions]]
* [[Fiyoaree School]]
* [[Haa Dhaalu Atoll Education Centre]]
* [[Happy Pet]]
* [[Nedungayil Sankunni Narayanan Matriculation Higher Secondary School]]
* [[Seamfix]]
* [[St. Xavier's School, Nevta]]
* [[Bell Matriculation Higher Secondary School]]
* [[SRV Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Samayapuram]]
* [[Medherant]]
* [[PIXELearning Ltd]]

=== October 4, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Livingbridge]]
* [[ScriptSwitch]]
* [[Fluentify]]
* [[Aero Cuahonte]]
* [[FlyWhoosh]]
* [[Go! Mokulele]]
* [[TV Edwards]]
* [[Maggiano, DiGirolamo & Lizzi]]

=== October 4, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Education in Kollam district]]
* [[List of schools in Ernakulam district]]
* [[Floodgate Entertainment]]
* [[Adoption of the euro in Greece]]
* [[Adoption of the euro in Estonia]]
* [[Amal College of Advanced Studies, Nilambur]]
* [[MediaOne Academy of Communication]]
* [[Coláiste Íde agus Iosef]]
* [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Diu]]
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya, Kayamkulam]]
* [[Airway Adjunct]]

=== October 3, 2026, 7:31 PM PST ===

* [[Porsche 911 GT4 R]]
* [[Mingle Media TV Network]]
* [[Labs Companies]]
* [[Bonterra]]
* [[Tellent]]
* [[Liberty Airport (New York)]]
* [[Jalan Bandar Sibu]]
* [[Vikas Pre-University College, Mangaluru]]
* [[Zila Parishad School and College]]
* [[Russian Embassy School in Delhi]]
* [[Maria Konopnicka Special Education School Complex]]

=== October 3, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Skydance Corporation]]
* [[BMW 320 TC]]
* [[Cinemax Distribution]]
* [[Abna Dakwa Village]]
* [[Whitesboro Fire Department]]
* [[Bomiriya National School]]
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya, Puranattukara]]
* [[St. Cecilia's Girls' College]]
* [[Udupiddy Girls' College]]
* [[Michael Madhusudan Dutta College]]
* [[Diu College]]
* [[Decentralized multi-agent coordination]]
* [[Bitcoin Cash Memo as short public notes]]
* [[Longevity escape velocity as a policy target]]
* [[Semi-private basic income through credit unions and nonprofits]]
* [[Post-Scarcity Tooling: When Compute and Storage Stop Being Scarce]]
* [[Content-Addressed Wikis: Permanence Without a Single Host]]
* [[Building a Second Brain on the Permaweb Without Losing Ownership]]
* [[Open Source Freedom Tech Worth Watching in Agent Infrastructure]]
* [[Permaweb Basics: How Arweave Makes Content Permanent]]
* [[X402: HTTP 402 Payments for AI Agents]]
* [[IPFS and Arweave for Agent Memory and Knowledge Bases]]
* [[Educational wikis as open knowledge graphs]]

=== October 1, 2026, 7:39 PM PST ===

* [[East Asian languages]]
* [[Treams]]
* [[Estampage]]
* [[Eiravato]]
* [[Aareon]]
* [[Accelq]]
* [[CCTV drain camera (plumbing)]]
* [[Kadokawa Key-Process]]
* [[2007 Enterprise tornado]]
* [[OpenAI Operator]]

=== October 1, 2026, 2:41 PM PST ===

* [[Virgin TV]]
* [[Tado°]]
* [[Ghost Ship Games]]
* [[Tughuzhuqo Qizbech movement]]
* [[Global surveillance disclosures (1970–2013)]]
* [[Lunar Magic]]
* [[100,000,000,000,000]]
* [[Senior Lifestyle Corporation]]
* [[Isho, Romania]]
* [[Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University]]

=== October 1, 2026, 9:34 AM PST ===

* [[Earth3D]]
* [[Cameleon (programming language)]]
* [[CYC1]]
* [[Imaginando]]
* [[Televes]]
* [[Kharijite Rebellions (684–693)]]
* [[Elder Tunnels]]
* [[United Finance]]
* [[Indurent]]
* [[Agate (game company)]]

=== September 30, 2026, 7:38 PM PST ===

* [[Korala Associates Limited]]
* [[Highnote (platform)]]
* [[Blockverify]]
* [[Ulmus parvifolia 'DavesStraightUp']]
* [[Zelio E-Mobility Limited]]
* [[Sabbath School]]
* [[Tap Global Group]]
* [[List of higher formations British 1st Armoured Division served under]]
* [[Microprotein]]
* [[Artificial Intelligence Cold War]]

=== September 30, 2026, 2:35 PM PST ===

* [[Hog Island (Petaluma River)]]
* [[Mount Vernon District]]
* [[Hertford and Welwyn Junction Railway]]
* [[Galle Grid Substation]]
* [[Quarter Century Wireless Association]]
* [[Nescience]]
* [[Economies of density]]
* [[ENS@T]]
* [[Umbrellar]]

=== September 30, 2026, 9:37 AM PST ===

* [[Copenhagen Atomics]]
* [[Delegation of the European Union to the Republic of South Africa]]
* [[Kangla Sanathong]]
* [[Museums in Kangla]]
* [[Statens hus]]
* [[Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host]]
* [[Thabaton]]
* [[JAM Yojana]]
* [[Beye]]

=== September 29, 2026, 7:32 PM PST ===

* [[The Railway Stories]]
* [[Pacific University (India)]]
* [[Aventis Graduate School]]
* [[List of spurious works of fiction]]
* [[MNR Tehosa class locomotive]]
* [[Terrells Creek (Haw River tributary, right bank)]]
* [[Meitei royal etiquette]]
* [[Solving problems in living]]
* [[Topics for an educational wiki]]

=== September 29, 2026, 2:45 PM PST ===

* [[Connection (affine bundle)]]
* [[List of countries by dolomite mining production]]
* [[Pioneer Women in Wisconsin]]
* [[UCD Professional Academy]]
* [[Hunterian Professorship]]
* [[St. Thomas Institute for Science and Technology]]
* [[Philosophy of Meitei script]]
* [[Geneva College of Longevity Science]]
* [[Space Capital]]
* [[Ronin Institute]]
* [[Adoption of the Euro in Portugal]]
* [[Foresight Linux]] - A Linux distro
* [[Chaos machine]] - This has to do with math and computers.

=== September 29, 2026, 10:03 AM PST ===

* [[1900 (number)]]
* [[Q-Charlier polynomials]]
* [[Gender flip]]
* [[Full frame (cinematography)]]
* [[Doorman fallacy]]
* [[Helical extrusion]]
* [[Adoption of the euro in Portugal]]
* [[Heartburn in pregnancy]]
* [[Meitei language in Assam]]
* [[Software industry]]
* [[Instance dungeon]]
* [[Nothing OS]]
* [[WDC 65C21]]
* [[World War I]]
* [[Ryo Te Tori]]
* [[Immigrant entrepreneurship]]
* [[Kaitiakitanga]]
* [[Transculturation]]
* [[History of banking in Malta]]
* [[Discovery of Longitude at Sea Act 1774]]
* [[Radical-pair mechanism]]
* [[Plants]]
* [[Rope pump]]
* [[Open source online advertising platform]]
* [[Data]]
* [[International Workers' Day]]
* [[Witches in popular culture]]
* [[Astromech (company)]]
* [[Sound proofing]]
* [[Critical community psychology]]
* [[Pink certificate]]
* [[Freedom of the press in China]]
* [[Britain–Australia Society]]
* [[Software transactional memory]]
* [[G0.238-0.071]]
* [[Fortified gateway]]
* [[Space Station 14]]
* [[ChiTownBio]]
* [[92.7 Big FM]]
* [[Electromod]]
* [[CarExpert]]
* [[Janhit College of Law]]
* [[Collaborative research]]

=== October 2, 2026, 9:39 AM PST ===

* [[Spall strength]]
* [[Total Boomer Luxury Communism]]
* [[Tourism in Western Odisha]]
* [[Elite Group Holding Ltd]]
* [[AFI Park Timișoara]]
* [[Government Polytechnic, Patna-7]]
* [[Daydream (company)]]
* [[D.A.V. Post-Graduate College, Siwan]]
* [[Tufanganj Mahavidyalaya]]
* [[Bhishma Narain Singh Law College]]

=== October 2, 2026, 2:35 PM PST ===

* [[Collinstown Park Community College]]
* [[Dibrugarh Hanumanbux Surajmal Kanoi Commerce College]]
* [[WMO Arts & Science College]]
* [[Snehangshu Kanta Acharya Institute of Law]]
* [[MassCoMedia]]
* [[Lotkhow]]
* [[Detroit Boat Club]]
* [[AutoCAST]]
* [[YoungArts]]
* [[ATI HPSS]]

=== October 2, 2026, 7:32 PM PST ===

* [[List of engineering colleges in Telangana]]
* [[Hiawatha Playfield]]
* [[Vankleek Hill Collegiate Institute]]
* [[Nannapaneni Venkat Rao College of Engineering and Technology]]
* [[Suryadeo Law College]]
* [[Dinakrushna College]]
* [[Loyola Industrial Training Institute, Bengaluru]]
* [[Squeeze paper]]
* [[Waltograph]]
* [[Roskilde Gymnasium]]

=== October 3, 2026, 9:32 AM PST ===

* [[Python Paste]]
* [[Bajestan Playa]]
* [[Mor Furniture]]
* [[Coppola Foods]]
* [[Dzee Textiles]]
* [[Boundless Rider Insurance]]
* [[Budhanilkantha School]]
* [[Luit Academy Junior College]]
* [[Omanthai Central College]]
* [[HR College, Amnour]]
* [[Ganga Singh College]]

==See also==
* [[Archives]]
* [[Index]]
* [[Saved]]
* [[Browse]]
* [[Discussion]]
* [[Meta]]
* [[Archive:New|Archive of New Content List Sept 28 2026]]

[[Category:Navigation]]
[[Category:Meta]]
[[Category:New]]

Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology, Anand

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 22:46:23 GMT

Waza imported Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology, Anand by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

New page

{{Primary sources|date=November 2026}}
{{Infobox university
|name = Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology Mogar ANAND
|image = [[File:DJMIT LOGO.jpg|200px|DJMIT LOGO]]
|motto = Shakti Gyanatmika Para (Knowledge is Power)
|type = Education and research institution
|established = 2010
|chairman = Narendra Shrimali
|principal = Arvindkumar M. Jain
|chancellor = [[Kamla Beniwal]]
|vice_chancellor = Akshai Aggarwal
|undergrad = Intake 355
|free_label = Acronym
|free = DJMIT
|city = [[Anand, Gujarat]]
|country = India
|colors =
|coordinates =
|campus = Urban, {{cvt|11.16|acre}}
|affiliations = [[Gujarat Technological University|GTU]]
|accreditation = [[AICTE]]
|website = {{url|www.djmit.ac.in}}
|motto_lang = Sanskrit
|address = National Highway No. 8, Near Sankara Eye Hospital, District Anand, Mogar, Gujarat 388340
}}
'''Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology''' ('''DJMIT''') is an engineering institute located in [[Anand, Gujarat]], India. It is named after the first Chief Minister of Gujarat [[Jivraj Narayan Mehta]].<ref name="k3746gtucl">{{cite web |url= http://www.gtu.ac.in/affiliation/BE.pdf|title=Gujarat Technological University Colleges List |work=gtu.ac.in |accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref> It was established in July 2010.

It is located near Anand - home to the headquarters of [[Amul]] (the world’s largest farmers’ cooperative movement) and [[National Dairy Development Board|NDDB]].

== History ==
The college was founded in 2010. It is located in the [[Mogar]] suburban district of [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]], {{Coord|22.57|N|72.93|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/09/Anand.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Anand]</ref> Within [[Gujarat]], [[India]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bing.com/maps/default.aspx?v=2&pc=FACEBK&mid=8100&where1=Near+Sankara+Eye+Hospital%2CNational+Highway+No.8%2C%2C+Village+Mogar%2C+District+Anand%2C+Gujarat.++388340+&FORM=FBKPL0&name=Dr.Jivraj+Mehta+Institute+of+Technology%2CMogar&mkt=en-US#Y3A9MjUuOTYwNjYwfjc1LjczMDg1OCZsdmw9NSZzdHk9ciZxPU5lYXIlMjUyMFNhbmthcmElMjUyMEV5ZSUyNTIwSG9zcGl0YWwlMjUyQ05hdGlvbmFsJTI1MjBIaWdod2F5JTI1MjBOby44JTI1MkMlMjUyQyUyNTIwVmlsbGFnZSUyNTIwTW9nYXIlMjUyQyUyNTIwRGlzdHJpY3QlMjUyMEFuYW5kJTI1MkMlMjUyMEd1amFyYXQuJTI1MjAlMjUyMDM4ODM0MCUyNTIw|title=Bing maps |accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref>
Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology Mogar is managed by Charttar Education and Navrachana Trust, (CENT). Shri Narendra Shrimali is the Chairman of the Governing Council.

Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology Mogar is affiliated with [[Gujarat Technological University]] (GTU),<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.gtu.ac.in/ |title=Gujarat Technological University |work=gtu.ac.in |accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref> the Technical University of Gujarat and also approved by the [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE), New Delhi.

{| class="wikitable"
| Shri. Narendra Shrimali || Chairman
|-
| Dr. Nanak Pamnani || Principal
|}

[[File:DJMIT College Pics.jpg|thumb|DJMIT College Pics]]

== Campus ==
[[File:Djmit campus.jpg|thumb|Djmit campus]]

The {{convert|56|acre|m2|adj=on}} campus has a plinth area of {{convert|11.16|acre|m2}}. Sports fields are available for various games such as cricket, football (commonly known as [[Association football|soccer]] or Association football, not to be confused with [[American football|American Football]]) and various indoor games facilities such as table tennis, carom board and chess. The institute is well connected to the national highway, having its own exit.

==Academics==
=== Undergraduate studies ===
Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology offers the following degree programmes with AICTE approval and affiliation to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad.

The following table shows branch-wise intake from the institute.

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="width: 60%; font-size: 1em;"
|-
! Discipline !! Intake !! Duration !! AICTE approved Yes / No
|-
| Civil Engineering || 71 || 4 years || Yes
|-
| Computer Science & Engineering || 71 || 4 years || Yes
|-
| Electrical Engineering || 71 || 4 years || Yes
|-
| Information & Technology Engineering || 71 || 4 years || Yes
|-
| Mechanical Engineering || 71 || 4 years || Yes
|-
| Mechanical (Thermal) Engineering (Post Graduate)||18 || 2 years || Yes
|-
| Electrical Engineering (Post Graduate) || 18 || 2 years || Yes
|-
|}

=== Education environment ===

[[File:Protection Panel.jpg|thumb|150px|Protection lab]]

* Software Systems including Packet Tracer for computer Network, Nokia Mobile and Android toolkit for Mobile Application Development, Various Automated Software Testing Tools for SDLC.
* Software System like MATLAB, TINA PRO, Embedded System, Crossware Development Tool, Microcontroller VPB (Integrated Development Environment), Mobile Communication Trainer kit, Optical Training Communication kit, Microwave Workbench are in the E&C Department.
* Software System like MATLAB, Power System Programming In C Language; fully Equipped high voltage laboratory in the Electrical Engineering department.
* Developed Panels of Power System Protection indigenously in College by Electrical Engineering Department.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.djmit.ac.in/ Official website of College of Engineering - DJMIT]
* [http://www.gtu.ac.in/ Gujarat Technological University]
* [http://www.gujaratuniversity.org.in/ Gujarat University homepage]

[[Category:Engineering colleges in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Education in Anand district]]
[[Category:Anand, Gujarat]]

Ordo Equitum Solis

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 22:46:21 GMT

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{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Ordo Equitum Solis
| image = OES Wikipedia.jpg
| caption = OES live
| image_size = 250
| landscape = Yes
| alias = OES
| origin = France, Italy
| genre = [[Dark wave]], [[neofolk]], [[dark ambient]], [[neoclassical dark wave]]
| years_active = 1988–2001 (Reunion in 2010)
| label = MMM, Sinope
| associated_acts =
| website = [http://www.ordoequitumsolis.com/ ordoequitumsolis.com]
| past_member =
}}

'''Ordo Equitum Solis''' (abbreviated '''OES''') are an alternative music band consisting of French Leithana, pseudonym of Nathalie Herrera (vocals, keyboards, zither, percussions) and Italian Deraclamo, pseudonym of Paolo De Marco (vocals, guitar). The duo formed in 1988, and released albums and toured between 1990 and 2000. In 2001 the band suddenly broke up, but there was a reunion in 2010.

The musical style of OES does not fall into a precise category. While the early albums have pronounced industrial, esoteric darkwave and a touch of medieval influences, with time their musical style matured, embracing multi-faceted sonorities between neofolk, experimentalism and ballad songs. The albums, that include also instrumental tracks, are characterized by a significant switch and mix of genres, making Ordo Equitum Solis' music unusual, various, intimistic and hard to describe. Distinguishing features are Leithana's voice, Deraclamo's folk guitar, lyrics in various languages (English, French, Latin, Italian), highly-emotional melodies, experimental effects, romantic and decadent atmosphere, and remarkable, sometimes provocative arrangements.

Ordo Equitum Solis' releases had often been concept-albums, inspired by symbolic themes or personal experiences. The albums denote also the duality of the band, between Leithana's often inflexible creative genius, and Deraclamo's instinctive inspiration.

== History ==

=== Formation ===

Leithana and Deraclamo met in 1985 in a [[post-punk]] club in Paris (Le Saint), the city where Leithana lived. Deraclamo at that time roamed around London, Paris and Barcelona. They immediately decided to make music together, considering their love for music and the coincidence of their musical taste, especially regarding the dark and post-punk London scene. In addition, both had the same sense of freedom, that would induce a continuous wandering in the following years, a theme developed in their CD ''Planetes''.

To realize their musical project, in 1987 both moved to Paganotti, a mountain village in Italy, where they made their first album ''Solstitii Temporis Sensus''. Between 1988 and 1989 Ordo Equitum Solis befriended [[Tony Wakeford]] ([[Sol Invictus (band)|Sol Invictus]]), who played on the first two albums of Ordo Equitum Solis. In 1992 Leithana recorded some piano tracks for Sol Invictus. As keyboard-player Leithana also participated in some of Sol Invictus' concerts, in particular during the legendary tour of [[Death In June]], [[Current 93]] and Sol Invictus together (1991).

=== 1990–1997 ===

On 21 December 1990, the band's first album, ''Solstitii Temporis Sensus'' was released on the independent label Musica Maxima Magnetica (already label of [[Sleep Chamber]], [[Vasilisk]] and numerous other artists). The album had an immediate and unexpected success both in terms of sales and in terms of audience. The cooperation with the label would continue until 1996 with the albums ''Animi Aegritudo'' (1992), the mini-CD ''OES'' (1993), the live-album ''Paraskénia'' (1994), and finally ''Hecate'' (1995).

The period is characterized by an artistic growth of the music, as well as an increasing popularity especially among gothic and neofolk listeners. Many articles about and interviews with the band appeared in magazines and fanzines. The band played many concerts in Europe, and also did a tour in the US and Russia in 1993. Ordo Equitum Solis released ''Hecate'' in 1995, which was innovative and astonishing, and very different from the music scene's standard of the moment.

From 1995 on there were disagreements between Ordo Equitum Solis and the label Musica Maxima Magnetica, because the distributor Audioglobe interfered more with the band's affairs. The recording sessions of their following album ''Planetes'' started in 1996, but weren't completed until 1998. That same year the band managed to get back all rights regarding Ordo Equitum Solis’ past and future works, and therefore to be fully operational again, after a forced three year stop.

=== 1998–2001 ===

''Planetes'' was released in January 1999 on Ordo Equitum Solis' own label Sinope, through the UK-based [[World Serpent Distribution]]. In addition to ''Planetes'', the band's revival resulted in the release of the mini-album ''Signs'', the double CD compilation ''Octo'', the album ''Metamorphosis - Personam Impono'' and the 7 inch vinyl picture-disc ''A Divine Image''. During this period the artistic experimentations of the band kept evolving, with a more refined style detached from clichés. A review of ''Planetes'' stated: "Planetes, with its delicate electro-acoustic ballads and its subtle 'esoteric' keyboard layers, places itself more than worthily in a creative path still in solitary and noteworthy ascent" (Vittore Baroni, ''[[Rumore (magazine)|Rumore]]'', n° 85 – 1999). ''Planetes'' and the other CD's of this year were reviewed in various international magazines.

Nevertheless, the non-efficient distribution of World Serpent disappointed the band. The general drop in sales faced the band with excessive difficulties. Also, Ordo Equitum Solis found that live-concerts were harder to get or unsatisfying, and the band finally decided to break up, immediately after their concert at the [[Wave-Gotik-Treffen]] in Leipzig on 3 June 2001.

Notwithstanding the band's break-up, Leithana and Deraclamo would still continue working on unreleased tracks composed in 1989–90, with the intention of releasing a "posthumous" album. Apart from this, Leithana started working on an solo-album, which she ultimately decided to never publish. In 2002, all musical projects of the band were put on hold.

=== Since 2010 ===

In November 2010 an announcement on the band's official website reported the reunion of Ordo Equitum Solis, as well as the release of a brand new album.

== Influences and music ==
Ordo Equitum Solis is influenced by the gothic and post-punk London music scene of the 1980s, particularly by bands like [[Joy Division]], [[SPK (band)|SPK]], [[Cocteau Twins]], [[Bauhaus (band)|Bauhaus]], [[Dead Can Dance]], Clair Obscur, [[Virgin Prunes]], [[Coil (band)|Coil]], [[Sol Invictus (band)|Sol Invictus]] and [[Death In June]].

The name of the band, which literally means "The Order of the Knights of the Sun" in Latin, was coined by Deraclamo, and was meant to underline a certain vision of the world, willingly anachronistic yet strong and current in the 1990s. The use of the Latin language as well as the look of the band represent some of the innovations introduced by Ordo Equitum Solis, which would be extensively reused in the gothic and alternative music scene. Ordo Equitum Solis is characterized by implicit symbolic and magical themes and more explicit themes of [[gnosticism]], a love of nature and the conceptual union with the elements.

== Discography ==

=== Albums ===
* ''Solstitii Temporis Sensus'' (1990)
* ''Animi Aegritudo'' (1991)
* ''Paraskénia'' (1994)
* ''Hecate'' (1995)
* ''Planets'' (1999)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ordo Equitum Solis - Planets |url=https://www.metal.de/reviews/ordo-equitum-solis-planets-629/ |website=[[Metal.de]] |access-date=11 November 2026 |date=4 October 1999}}</ref>
* ''Metamorphosis - Personam Impono'' (2000)
* ''Killing Time Killing Love'' (2013)

=== Mini-CD's ===
* ''OES'' (1993)
* ''Signs'' (1999)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ordo Equitum Solis - Signs |url=https://www.metal.de/reviews/ordo-equitum-solis-signs-674/ |website=[[Metal.de]] |access-date=11 November 2026 |date=30 October 1999}}</ref>

=== Singles ===
* "A Divine Image" (2000)

=== Compilations ===
* ''Octo'' (1999)

=== Video ===
* "In Russia"

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ordoequitumsolis.com Ordo Equitum Solis]
* [http://www.sinope.org/oes Sinope Ordo Equitum Solis]

[[Category:Neofolk music groups]]
[[Category:Neoclassical dark wave musical groups]]
[[Category:French musical groups]]
[[Category:Italian musical groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1988]]

Archive:Joseph S. Miller House

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{{short description|Historic house in West Virginia, United States}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2026}}
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Joseph S. Miller House
| nrhp_type =
| image = Joseph S. Miller House at Kenova.jpg
| caption = Front of the house
| location = 748 Beech St., [[Kenova, West Virginia]]
| coordinates = {{coord|format=dms|type:landmark_region:US-WV|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = West Virginia#USA
| built = 1891
| architecture = Stick/Eastlake, Queen Anne
| added = March 29, 1989
| area = Less than {{convert|1|acre}}
| ref_num = 89000180<ref name=nris>{{NRISref|version=2009a}}</ref>
}}

'''Joseph S. Miller House''' is a historic home located at [[Kenova, West Virginia|Kenova]], [[Wayne County, West Virginia]]. It was built in 1891, in the [[Queen Anne Style architecture|Queen Anne]] style with [[Eastlake Movement|Eastlake]] decorative elements. It is a two-story frame dwelling on a [[sandstone]] foundation with tower. It features a combination of wood fish scale, diamond and octagonal shingles on the balcony, the west bay, and tower sections.<ref name="dhr">{{cite web |url=https://wvculture.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Joseph-miller-house.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Joseph S. Miller House |date=November 1988 |accessdate=July 9, 2011 |author=Nancy Hoy |publisher=State of West Virginia, West Virginia Division of Culture and History, Historic Preservation }}</ref>

It was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1989.<ref name="nris"/>

It is well known in the area for the annual tradition of decorating with thousands of pumpkins in the fall, colloquially known as the "Pumpkin House".<ref>https://www.wowktv.com/news/local/autumn-attractions-kenovas-pumpkin-house/</ref>

== Pumpkin House ==
The display features thousands of jack-o'-lanterns covering the home of [[Ric Griffith]], the town pharmacist.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sebert |first=Paul |date=October 21, 2021 |title=Griffith & Feil Soda Fountain a place of nostalgia |url=https://www.herald-dispatch.com/features_entertainment/dining_guide/griffith-feil-soda-fountain-a-place-of-nostalgia/article_bdf04228-2bfb-5c96-a8a6-e6076f25cb80.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261015071408/https://www.herald-dispatch.com/features_entertainment/dining_guide/griffith-feil-soda-fountain-a-place-of-nostalgia/article_bdf04228-2bfb-5c96-a8a6-e6076f25cb80.html |archive-date=October 15, 2026 |access-date=October 15, 2026 |website=The Herald-Dispatch}}</ref> The whole property is accessible to the public. It includes a wall of carved pumpkins called the Pumpkin Orchestra, which is synchronized to songs like "[[Dueling Banjos]]", "[[O Fortuna (Orff)|O Fortuna]]", and the ''[[1812 Overture]]''.<ref name="GZ2015">{{Cite web |last=Imbrogno |first=Douglas |date=October 29, 2015 |title=3,000 pumpkins later, Kenova Pumpkin House comes to life |url=https://www.wvgazettemail.com/life/3-000-pumpkins-later-kenova-pumpkin-house-comes-to-life/article_f92e4003-ccbe-54ca-8529-05e63c7fab52.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261019224649/https://www.wvgazettemail.com/life/3-000-pumpkins-later-kenova-pumpkin-house-comes-to-life/article_f92e4003-ccbe-54ca-8529-05e63c7fab52.html |archive-date=October 19, 2026 |access-date=October 16, 2026 |website=Charleston Gazette-Mail}}</ref> It runs from October 25 to October 31. Aside from the display, it features Halloween-related activities, food vendors, and live entertainment.<ref name="WV News-2024">{{Cite web |date=October 24, 2024 |title=Kenova Pumpkin House Shines in 2024 with Thousands of Carved Pumpkins and New Attractions |url=https://www.wvnews.com/news/wvnews/kenova-pumpkin-house-shines-in-2024-with-thousands-of-carved-pumpkins-and-new-attractions/article_13dfaec2-9227-11ef-9174-a369093b1a7d.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261015043455/https://www.wvnews.com/news/wvnews/kenova-pumpkin-house-shines-in-2024-with-thousands-of-carved-pumpkins-and-new-attractions/article_13dfaec2-9227-11ef-9174-a369093b1a7d.html |archive-date=October 15, 2026 |access-date=October 15, 2026 |website=WV News}}</ref>

The display is put together with the help of around 1,500 volunteers, with many from churches, youth groups, and schools, including students from [[Spring Valley High School (West Virginia)|Spring Valley High School]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richardson |first=Jesten |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Kenova Pumpkin House invites volunteers to help prep 3,000 pumpkins for 2025 display |url=https://www.wvgazettemail.com/arts_and_entertainment/kenova-pumpkin-house-invites-volunteers-to-help-prep-3-000-pumpkins-for-2025-display/article_3668f1c3-234f-4ef8-89e8-3a7381e3b314.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260226163455/https://www.wvgazettemail.com/arts_and_entertainment/kenova-pumpkin-house-invites-volunteers-to-help-prep-3-000-pumpkins-for-2025-display/article_3668f1c3-234f-4ef8-89e8-3a7381e3b314.html |archive-date=February 26, 2026 |access-date=October 15, 2026 |website=Charleston Gazette-Mail}}</ref><ref name="WV News-2024" /> They make designs and carve the pumpkins.<ref name="Pinchok-2026">{{Cite web |last=Pinchok |first=Marlee |date=October 9, 2026 |title=Volunteers needed for the Pumpkin House |url=https://www.wsaz.com/2026/10/09/volunteers-needed-pumpkin-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261015051449/https://www.wsaz.com/2026/10/09/volunteers-needed-pumpkin-house/ |archive-date=October 15, 2026 |access-date=October 15, 2026 |website=[[WSAZ-TV|WSAZ]]}}</ref> A wide variety of themes are found on them, including American presidents and designs related to [[Marshall University]].<ref name="WV News-2024" /> Griffith provides instruction to carvers.<ref name="Pinchok-2026" />

According to Griffith, about 100,000 people come to view the house,<ref name="Pinchok-2026" /> visiting from 46 countries and 48 states in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colegrove |first=Andrew |date=October 29, 2025 |title=We the People | Kenova's Pumpkin House |url=https://www.wsaz.com/2025/10/29/we-people-kenovas-pumpkin-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261015132408/https://www.wsaz.com/2025/10/29/we-people-kenovas-pumpkin-house/ |archive-date=October 15, 2026 |access-date=October 15, 2026 |website=[[WSAZ-TV|WSAZ]]}}</ref>

All the pumpkins come from a farmer in [[Proctorville, Ohio]]. After Halloween, the setup is disassembled and the pulp from carving and the pumpkins are donated for use as animal feed.<ref name="GZ2015" />

=== History ===
[[File:The_Kenova_Pumpkin_House.jpg|thumb|Kenova Pumpkin House in 2006]]
Griffith started the tradition in 1978 with just four pumpkins. The first jack-o'-lanterns were likenesses of each member of his family which he put on the porch of his house. He continued to carve more pumpkins each year to see how many he could create to decorate his house. After moving to a large Victorian home in 1991, the family took to the project even more to try to cover all the additional space. The 1891 Joseph S. Miller House is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] due to its association with Joseph Miller, the Internal Revenue Service Commissioner under President Grover Cleveland, who once visited the house.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Meffert |first=Christian |date=October 30, 2024 |title=The history of Kenova's Pumpkin House |url=https://www.wowktv.com/news/west-virginia/wayne-county-wv/the-history-of-kenovas-pumpkin-house/ |work=[[WOWK-TV]]}}</ref> The display eventually grew to over 3,000 pumpkins, with them even on the roof of the house.<ref name="WV News-20242">{{Cite web |date=October 24, 2024 |title=Kenova Pumpkin House Shines in 2024 with Thousands of Carved Pumpkins and New Attractions |url=https://www.wvnews.com/news/wvnews/kenova-pumpkin-house-shines-in-2024-with-thousands-of-carved-pumpkins-and-new-attractions/article_13dfaec2-9227-11ef-9174-a369093b1a7d.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261015043455/https://www.wvnews.com/news/wvnews/kenova-pumpkin-house-shines-in-2024-with-thousands-of-carved-pumpkins-and-new-attractions/article_13dfaec2-9227-11ef-9174-a369093b1a7d.html |archive-date=October 15, 2026 |access-date=October 15, 2026 |website=WV News}}</ref>

In 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Griffith decided it was too risky to do the display at his home due to the large crowds that congregate to view it. He opted instead to have members of the community come by and pick up a pumpkin so it can be carved and displayed at their own homes. He created printed out instructions to go with each pumpkin to help the children and their families carve them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Creasy |first=Luke |date=July 29, 2020 |title=Pumpkin House tradition won't end, owner says, but display was 'too risky' because of virus |url=https://www.coalvalleynews.com/news/pumpkin-house-tradition-won-t-end-owner-says-but-display-was-too-risky-because-of/article_9635609d-d44a-5a13-b971-f05813a38e27.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111113106/https://www.coalvalleynews.com/news/pumpkin-house-tradition-won-t-end-owner-says-but-display-was-too-risky-because-of/article_9635609d-d44a-5a13-b971-f05813a38e27.html |archive-date=January 11, 2021 |access-date=January 9, 2021 |website=[[Coal Valley News|The Coal Valley News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Lee |date=October 23, 2020 |title=Lighting up Halloween — Pumpkin House owner hopes wife is right: 'If you carve them, they will come' |url=https://www.dailyindependent.com/news/lighting-up-halloween-pumpkin-house-owner-hopes-wife-is-right-if-you-carve-them-they/article_f8248196-1564-11eb-8054-975fc05c9249.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111073924/https://www.dailyindependent.com/news/lighting-up-halloween-pumpkin-house-owner-hopes-wife-is-right-if-you-carve-them-they/article_f8248196-1564-11eb-8054-975fc05c9249.html |archive-date=January 11, 2021 |access-date=January 9, 2021 |website=[[The Daily Independent (Ashland newspaper)|The Daily Independent]]}}</ref>

In 2024, pumpkins were carved in honor of noted West Virginians, including [[Shelley Moore Capito]], [[Jennifer Garner]], and [[Babydog]], the English bulldog of former Governor and now senator [[Jim Justice]].<ref name="WV News-20242" />

In 2025, a scene of the horror film ''[[Self-Help (film)|Self-Help]]'' was filmed at the Pumpkin House.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://wvpublic.org/story/arts-culture/horror-film-self-help-filmed-around-huntington/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261017044935/https://wvpublic.org/story/arts-culture/horror-film-self-help-filmed-around-huntington/ |archive-date=October 17, 2026 |access-date=October 16, 2026}}</ref>

== Popular culture ==

* The Joseph S. Miller House is a location in the game ''[[Fallout 76]]'', as the Pumpkin House<ref>{{Cite web |last=cary |date=October 21, 2021 |title=Spooptober: The Pumpkin House |url=https://virtualbastion.com/2021/10/21/spooptober-the-pumpkin-house/ |access-date=June 10, 2026 |website=VIRTUAL BASTION |language=en }}</ref>
* Scenes of [[Self-Help (film)|''Self-Help'']] were shot at the Joseph S. Miller House<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Kaitlyn |date=October 27, 2025 |title=‘Self Help’ transforms Huntington into haunting cinematic background - The Parthenon |url=https://marshallparthenon.com/39997/spotlight/self-help-transforms-huntington-into-haunting-cinematic-background/ |access-date=June 10, 2026 |website=The Parthenon }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[West Virginia Pumpkin Festival]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}

{{National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Miller, Joseph S., House}}
[[Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia]]
[[Category:Queen Anne architecture in West Virginia]]
[[Category:Houses completed in 1891]]
[[Category:Houses in Wayne County, West Virginia]]
[[Category:Stick–Eastlake architecture in West Virginia]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Wayne County, West Virginia]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kenova, West Virginia]]

Archive:Love & Pop (series)

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Archive:Thousand Year Old Vampire

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 22:44:04 GMT

Waza imported Archive:Thousand Year Old Vampire by file upload (49 revisions) Import with full history

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{{Short description|One-player tabletop role-playing game}}
{{Sources exist|date=November 2026}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox game
| name = ''Thousand Year Old Vampire''
| image = Thousand_Year_Old_Vampire_cover.png
| designer = Tim Hutchings
| publisher = Self-published, Petit Guignol
| date = 2020
| genre = solo [[tabletop role-playing game]], storytelling game, journal-writing game
| players= 1
| skills = writing, storytelling
}}
'''''Thousand Year Old Vampire''''' is a [[one-player tabletop role-playing game]] self-published by Tim Hutchings in 2019 in which the player describes the life of a vampire via a journal of memories.

==Description==
''Thousand Year Old Vampire'' (''TYOV'') varies from other [[solitaire role-playing game]]s such as the solo adventures of ''[[Tunnels & Trolls]]'' and the ''[[Fighting Fantasy]]'' adventure books, which used a series of numbered paragraphs, sending the player on a path through the adventure depending on what decisions are made at nexus points. Instead, ''TYOV'' uses an approach in which the player, prompted by words and phrases from the game rules, writes a journal describing the life of a vampire.<ref name=gg />

The player first creates the vampire from a collection of keywords:<ref name=mahg />
* Skills, each of which can only be used once
* Resources owned by the vampire such as a castle or a ship
* Characters who will interact with the vampire

Memories, and forgetting Memories, are the central part of the game; the vampire only has room for five Memories, which are each composed of three Experiences. As RPG historian Stu Horvath wrote, "Experiences are single evocative sentences that, when collected, describes one moment, event, object, or person of importance."<ref name=mahg />

The life of the vampire starts as the player responds to Prompt #1 with the first journal entry, turning the prompt into a written incident. The player then rolls dice to determine which numbered Prompt is next and responds to the new Prompt by writing the next part of the vampire's story. Prompts vary in form, sometimes giving a new Skill; sometimes asking a question, which then must be journaled as an Experience; and sometimes instructing the vampire to kill a Character, use a Skill, or abandon a Resource.<ref name=mahg />

Once a vampire has five Memories, the vampire can write up to four of them in a diary, meaning the vampire physically cannot recall the memories even when reading about them in the diary.<ref name=":0">{{Cite AV media |title=Thousand Year Old Vampire Review - 9/10 Undead Would Recommend | date=24 June 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COJcWFf0H3U |access-date=2021-07-22 |work=[[Shut Up & Sit Down]]}}</ref> If, in the game, the vampire loses their diary, all of the Memories in the diary are lost as well.<ref name=mahg />

The game ends when the vampire has lost all Memories.<ref name=mahg />

Rebekah Krum theorizes that the game's central question is what to do with immortality and power.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krum |first=Rebekah |date=2023-02-17 |title=10 Best Single-Player Tabletop RPGs |url=https://www.cbr.com/greatest-solo-ttrpgs/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=CBR}}</ref>

==Publication history==
Tim Hutchings created ''Thousand Year Old Vampire'' in 2019 and self-published it as a PDF. After a [[Kickstarter]] campaign [[crowdsourced]] enough money,<ref name=mahg /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-10 |title=The Gaming Shelf Heads to Space, and Brings Back Tabletop News |url=https://gizmodo.com/gaming-news-tabletop-roleplaying-tim-hutchings-kickstar-1848891153 |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Gizmodo }}</ref> a [[hardcover]] edition was published by Petit Guignol that Stu Horvath describes as looking like "a Mysterious Old Book with a leather spine, marbled end papers, and evocative collages of ephemera inside."<ref name=mahg />

==Reception==
Writing for ''[[Forbes]]'', Rob Wieland commented, "the physical book is a fantastic artifact ... the pages are stuffed with real and imagined [[marginalia]] that make the whole book feel like a madman's journal found in a hidden room of a creepy old mansion." Wieland noted that the randomness of the game meant, "Every prompt changes the state of the game and there are plenty of moments where a character is sitting pretty one moment and the next a rival Immortal shows up to wreck the vampire's carefully laid plans." Wieland, writing this during the [[COVID pandemic]], concluded, "''Thousand Year Old Vampire'' can be played over a couple of hours or a couple of weeks and can turn the isolation and strangeness we're all feeling right now into an unforgettable story."<ref name=forbes>{{Cite web |last=Wieland |first=Rob |title=Spend Your Time In Isolation As A Thousand Year Old Vampire |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/robwieland/2020/04/29/spend-your-time-in-isolation-as-a-thousand-year-old-vampire/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Forbes}}</ref>

Writing for ''Gamers with Glasses'', Jason Mical questioned whether this solo game qualified as an RPG, "but the more I reflected on it, I realized it absolutely does, and does so in a way that may require us to fundamentally change how we view the genre ... It's ingenious and inspiring." Mical came away enthralled with the game, writing, "I highly recommend ''TYOV'' for anyone looking for a guided storytelling experience and has a little bit of time to invest in the writing." Mical concluded, "The more you put into this game, the more you get out of it, and you may very well find yourself writing 10,000 words or more. It will be worth it."<ref name=gg>{{cite web | last = Mical | first = Jason | date = 18 May 2020| website = Gamers with Glasses | title = Review of Thousand Year Old Vampire | url = https://www.gamerswithglasses.com/reviews/1000yearvampire|access-date = 9 November 2026}}</ref>

In his 2023 book ''[[Monsters, Aliens, and Holes in the Ground]]'', RPG historian Stu Horvath commented, "Forgetting is the central torture of the game. Crossing out Memories ... is an unexpected agony." Horvath went on to say "There are horrible traumas that happen ... but there are beautiful moments too, as well as dramatic, happy, and tragic ones." Horvath did point out that "The prompts are sometimes untidy, like real-life, leading to momentary fancies and puzzling dead ends that never yield resolutions." Horvath noted that if the vampire loses the diary and all the Memories it contains, "A loss of that magnitude feels like, well, being stabbed in the heart."<ref name=mahg>{{cite book| last = Horvath| first = Stu| title = Monsters, Aliens, and Holes in the Ground| publisher = MIT Press| date = 2023| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 363–365| isbn =9780262048224 }}</ref>

==Awards==
*2020 [[IndieCade|IndieCade Awards]]: Winner in the category "Tabletop Design"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thousand Year Old Vampire – IndieCade Anywhere & Everywhere |url=https://anywhere.indiecade.com/nominated-games_2020/thousand-year-old-vampire/ |access-date=2023-04-02}}</ref>
*2020 [[ENNIE Awards]]:
**Gold in the categories "Best Production Values" and "Best Rules"
**Silver for "Product of the Year"<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Nominees and Winners – ENNIE Awards |url=https://ennie-awards.com/portfolio-item/2020-nominees-and-winners/ |access-date=2023-04-02}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:ENnies winners]]
[[Category:fantasy role-playing games]]
[[Category:indie role-playing games]]
[[Category:IndieCade winners]]
[[Category:Journal-writing games]]
[[Category:kickstarter-funded tabletop games]]
[[Category:Role-playing games introduced in 2020]]
[[Category:tabletop games]]

Archive:First English Civil War, 1642

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 22:43:48 GMT

Waza imported Archive:First English Civil War, 1642 by file upload (57 revisions) Import with full history

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{{Short description|First year of the English Civil War}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=First English Civil War, 1642|action=deletion|timestamp=20261111222310|year=2026|month=November|day=11|help=off|demospace=n|substed=y|origtag=afd}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{See also|First English Civil War|First English Civil War, 1643|First English Civil War, 1644|First English Civil War, 1645|First English Civil War, 1646}}
{{Campaignbox First English Civil War}}
The [[First English Civil War]] started in 1642. By the end of the year neither side had succeeded in gaining an advantage, although the King's advance on London was the closest [[Royalist]] forces came to threatening the city.

==Prelude to war==
When the King raised his standard at Nottingham on 22 August 1642, war was already in progress on a small scale in many districts; each side endeavouring to secure, or to deny to the enemy, fortified country-houses, territory, and above all arms and money. On the other hand as the trained bodies who had attended the occasion went home, and his standard blew down that evening it was not clear whether he could rally sufficient forces to his cause to constitute an army.<ref name="CAE Spring 2022">{{cite book |last1=Spring |first1=Laurence |title=Campaigns of the Eastern Association The Rise of Oliver Cromwell, 1642-1645 |date=2022 |publisher=Helion & Co. |location=Warwick |isbn=978-1-915113-98-6}}</ref> Peace negotiations went on in the midst of these minor events, until there came from the Parliament an ultimatum, so aggressive as to fix the war-like purpose of the still vacillating court at Nottingham, and in the country at large, to convert many thousands of waverers to active Royalism.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=3. Campaign of 1642}}

==Campaign of 1642==
Ere long, Charles who hitherto had fewer than 1,500 men, was at the head of an army which, though very deficient in arms and equipment, was not greatly inferior in numbers or enthusiasm to that of Parliament. The latter (20,000 strong, exclusive of [[Detachment (military)|detachments]]) was organized during July, August, and September about London, and moved from there to [[Northampton]] under the command of Lord Essex.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=3. Campaign of 1642}}

At this moment, the military situation was as follows: the [[William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset|Marquess of Hertford]] in [[South Wales]], Hopton in Cornwall, and the young Earl of Derby in [[Lancashire]], and small parties in almost every county of the west and the Midlands, were in arms for the King. North of the [[River Tees|Tees]], Newcastle, a great territorial magnate, was raising troops and supplies for the King, while [[Queen Henrietta Maria]] was busy in [[Holland]], arranging for the importation of war material and money. In [[Yorkshire]], opinion was divided, the royal cause being strongest in [[York]] and the [[North Riding of Yorkshire|North Riding]], and that of the Parliamentary party in the clothing towns of the [[West Riding of Yorkshire|West Riding]].{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=3. Campaign of 1642}}

The important seaport of [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] had a royalist civilian population, but Sir [[Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet|John Hotham]], the military governor, and the garrison supported Parliament. During the summer Charles had tried to seize ammunitions stored in the city but had been [[siege of Hull (1642)|forcefully rebuffed]].{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=3. Campaign of 1642}}

The Yorkshire gentry made an attempt to neutralise the county, but a local struggle soon began, and Newcastle thereupon prepared to invade Yorkshire. The whole of the south and east, as well as parts of the [[English Midlands|Midlands]] and the west, and the important towns of [[Bristol]] and [[Gloucester]], were on the side of the Parliament. A small Royalist force was compelled to evacuate [[Oxford]] on 10 September.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=3. Campaign of 1642}}

On 13 September, the main campaign opened. The King, to find recruits amongst his sympathisers and arms in the [[Armory (military)|armouries]] of the [[Derbyshire]] and [[Staffordshire]], trained bands and also, to be in touch with his disciplined regiments in Ireland by way of [[Chester]], moved westward to [[Shrewsbury]]. Essex followed suit by marching his army from Northampton to [[Worcester, England|Worcester]]. Near here, a sharp cavalry engagement, [[battle of Powick Bridge|Powick Bridge]], took place on 23 September between the advanced cavalry of Essex's army, and a force under Prince Rupert, which was engaged in protecting the retirement of the Oxford detachment. The result of the fight was the immediate overthrow of the Parliamentary cavalry, and this gave the Royalist troopers a confidence in themselves and in their brilliant leader, which was not shaken until they met [[Oliver Cromwell]]'s [[Ironside (cavalry)|Ironsides]].{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=3. Campaign of 1642}}

Rupert soon withdrew to Shrewsbury, where he found many Royalist officers eager to attack Essex's new position at Worcester. But the road to London now lay open and it was decided to take it. The intention was not to avoid a battle, for the Royalist generals wanted to fight Essex before he grew too strong, and the temper of both sides made it impossible to postpone the decision. In the [[Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon|Earl of Clarendon's]] words: "it was considered more counsellable to march towards London, it being morally sure that Essex would put himself in their way". Accordingly, the army left Shrewsbury on 12 October, gaining two days' start on the enemy, and moved south-east via [[Bridgnorth]], Birmingham, and [[Kenilworth]]. This had the desired effect.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=3. Campaign of 1642}}

Parliament, alarmed for its own safety, sent repeated orders to Essex to find the King and bring him to battle. Alarm gave place to determination, when it was discovered that Charles was enlisting [[papist]]s and seeking foreign aid. The militia of the home counties was called out. A second army under Warwick was formed round the nucleus of the London trained bands, and Essex, straining every nerve to regain touch with the enemy, reached [[Kineton]], where he was only seven miles (eleven kilometres) from the King's headquarters at [[Edgecote]], on 22 October.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=3. Campaign of 1642}}

==Battle of Edgehill==
{{main article|Battle of Edgehill}}

Rupert promptly reported the enemy's presence, and his confidence dominated the irresolution of the King, and the caution of the [[Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey|Earl of Lindsey]], the nominal [[Commander-in-Chief]]. Both sides had marched, widely dispersed to live, and the rapidity with which, having the clearer purpose, the Royalists drew together, helped considerably to neutralise Essex's superior numbers.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=4. Battle of Edgehill}}

During the morning of 23 October 1642, the Royalists formed in battle order on the brow of [[Edge Hill, Warwickshire|Edge Hill]], facing towards Kineton. Essex, experienced soldier as he was, had distrusted his own raw army too much to force a decision earlier in the month, when the King was weak; he now found Charles in a strong position with an equal force to his own 14,000, and some of his regiments were still some miles distant. But he advanced beyond Kineton, and the enemy promptly left their strong position and came down to the foot of the hill; situated as they were, they had either to fight wherever they could induce the enemy to engage, or to starve in the midst of hostile [[garrison]]s.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=4. Battle of Edgehill}}

Rupert was on the right of the King's army with the greater part of the horse; Lord Lindsey and Sir [[Jacob Astley, 1st Baron Astley of Reading|Jacob Astley]] in the centre with the foot, while [[Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester|Henry Wilmot, Earl of Rochester]] (with whom rode the [[Patrick Ruthven, 1st Earl of Forth|Earl of Forth]], the principal military adviser of the King) with a smaller body of cavalry, was on the left. In rear of the centre were the King and a small reserve. Essex's order was similar. Rupert charged as soon as his wing was deployed, and before the infantry of either side were ready. Taking ground to his right front and then wheeling inwards at full speed, he instantly rode down the Parliamentary horse, opposed to him. Some infantry regiments of Essex's left centre shared the same fate as their cavalry.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=4. Battle of Edgehill}}

On the other wing, Forth and Wilmot likewise swept away all that they could see of the enemy's cavalry. The undisciplined Royalists of both wings pursued the fugitives in wild disorder up to Kineton, where they were severely handled by [[John Hampden]]'s infantry [[brigade]] (which was escorting the artillery and baggage of Essex's army). Rupert brought back only a few rallied [[Squadron (army)|squadron]]s to the battlefield, and in the meantime, affairs there had gone badly for the King.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=4. Battle of Edgehill}}

The right and centre of the Parliamentary foot (the left having been brought to a halt by Rupert's charge) advanced with great resolution. Being at least as ardent as, and much better armed than Lindsey's men, they engaged the latter fiercely and slowly gained ground. Only the best regiments on either side, however, maintained their order, and the decision of the infantry battle was achieved mainly by a few Parliamentary squadrons.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=4. Battle of Edgehill}}

One regiment of Essex's right wing had been the target of Wilmot's charge. The other two had been at the moment, invisible, and every Royalist troop on the ground, including the King's guards, joined in the mad ride to Kineton. This regiment, Essex's life-guard, and some troops that had rallied from the effect of Rupert's charge (amongst them, Captain Oliver Cromwell's), were the only cavalry still present. They now joined with decisive effect in the attack on the left of the royal infantry.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=4. Battle of Edgehill}}

The King's line was steadily rolled up from left to right. The Parliamentary troopers captured his guns, and regiment after regiment broke up. Charles himself stood calmly in the thick of the fight, but he had not the skill to direct it. The Royal Standard was taken and retaken; Sir [[Edmund Verney (Cavalier)|Edmund Verney]], the standard-bearer, was killed as was Lindsey in a separate [[melée]]. By the time that Rupert returned, both sides were incapable of further effort and disillusioned as to the prospect of ending the war at a blow, so far from settling the issue the [[Battle of Edgehill]] was to be the first of a series of pitched battles.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=4. Battle of Edgehill}}

On 24 October Essex retired, leaving Charles to claim victory and to reap its results. [[Banbury]] and Oxford were reoccupied by the Royalists, and by 28 October, Charles was marching down the [[Thames]] valley on London. Negotiations were reopened, and a peace party rapidly formed itself in London and [[Westminster]]. Yet, field fortifications sprang up around London, and when Rupert [[Battle of Brentford (1642)|stormed Brentford]] and sacked it on 12 November, the [[trained band]]s moved out at once and took up a position at [[Turnham Green]], barring the King's advance.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=4. Battle of Edgehill}}

Hampden, with something of the fire and energy of his cousin, Cromwell, urged Essex to turn both flanks of the Royal army via [[Acton, London|Acton]] and [[Kingston upon Thames|Kingston]]; experienced professional soldiers, however, urged him not to trust the London men to hold their ground, while the rest manoeuvred. Hampden's advice was undoubtedly premature. A [[Battle of Sedan|Sedan]] or Worcester was not within the power of the Parliamentarians of 1642. In [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon]]'s words: "one only manoeuvres around a fixed point", and the city levies at that time were certainly not, ''vis-à-vis'' Rupert's cavalry, a fixed point.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=4. Battle of Edgehill}}

As a matter of fact, after a slight cannonade at the [[Battle of Turnham Green]] on 13 November, Essex's two-to-one numerical superiority of itself compelled the King to retire to [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]]. Turnham Green has justly been called the "Valmy of the English Civil War"; for like the [[Battle of Valmy]] it was a victory without having to come to battle, and the tide of invasion having reached this far, ebbed and never returned.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=4. Battle of Edgehill}}

==The winter of 1642–43==
In the winter, while Essex's army lay inactive at [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]], Charles by degrees consolidated his position in the region of Oxford. The city was fortified as a [[redoubt]] for the whole area, and Reading, [[Wallingford, Oxfordshire|Wallingford]], [[Abingdon, Oxfordshire|Abingdon]], [[Brill, Buckinghamshire|Brill]], Banbury and [[Marlborough, Wiltshire|Marlborough]] constituted a complete defensive ring which was developed by the creation of smaller posts from time to time.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=5. The Winter of 1642–43}}

In the North and West, winter campaigns were actively carried on: "It is summer in Yorkshire, summer in [[Devon]], and cold winter at Windsor", said one of Essex's critics. At the beginning of December 1642, Newcastle crossed the [[River Tees]] and defeated Sir [[Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet|John Hotham]], the Parliamentary commander in the North Riding. He then joined hands with the hard-pressed Royalists at York, establishing himself between that city and [[Pontefract]]. [[Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron|Lord Fairfax of Cameron]] and his son Sir [[Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron|Thomas Fairfax]], who commanded for the Parliament in Yorkshire, had to retire to the district between [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] and [[Selby]], and Newcastle was now free to turn his attention to the Puritan "clothing towns" of the [[West Riding of Yorkshire|West Riding]], [[Leeds]], [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]] and [[Bradford]]. The townsmen, however, showed a determined front. Sir Thomas Fairfax with a picked body of cavalry rode through Newcastle's lines into the West Riding to help them, and about the end of January 1643, Newcastle gave up the attempt to reduce the towns.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=5. The Winter of 1642–43}}

Newcastle continued his march southward, however, and gained ground for the King as far as [[Newark-on-Trent]], so as to be in touch with the Royalists of [[Nottinghamshire]], Derbyshire and [[Leicestershire]] (who, especially about Newark and [[Ashby-de-la-Zouch]], were strong enough to neutralise the local forces of Parliament), and to prepare the way for the further advance of the army of the north, when the Queen's [[convoy]] should arrive from overseas.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=5. The Winter of 1642–43}}

In the west, Hopton and his friends, having obtained a true bill from the grand jury against the Parliamentary disturbers of the peace, placed themselves at the head of the county militia. They drove the rebels from Cornwall, after which they raised a small force for general service and invaded Devonshire in November 1642. Subsequently, a Parliamentary army under the [[Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford|Earl of Stamford]] was withdrawn from South Wales to engage Hopton, who had to retire into Cornwall. There, however, the Royalist general was free to employ the militia again, and thus reinforced, he won a victory over a part of Stamford's forces at the [[Battle of Bradock Down]] near [[Liskeard]] on 19 January 1643 and resumed the offensive.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=5. The Winter of 1642–43}}

About the same time, Hertford, no longer opposed by Stamford, brought over the South Wales Royalists to Oxford. The fortified area around that place was widened by the capture of [[Cirencester]] on 2 February. [[Gloucester]] and [[Bristol]] were now the only important garrisons of the [[Roundhead]]s in the west. In the Midlands, in spite of a Parliamentary victory won by Sir [[William Brereton (Sir)|William Brereton]] at the [[Battle of Nantwich]] on 28 January, the Royalists of [[Shropshire]], Staffordshire, and Leicestershire soon extended their influence through Ashby-de-la-Zouch into Nottinghamshire and joined hands with their friends at Newark.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=5. The Winter of 1642–43}}

Around Chester, a new Royalist army was being formed under the [[John Byron, 1st Baron Byron|Lord Byron]], and all the efforts of [[Sir John Brereton]] and of [[Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet]], the leading supporter of Parliament in Derbyshire, were required to hold their own, even before Newcastle's army was added to the list of their enemies. The [[Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke|Lord Brooke]], who commanded for Parliament in [[Warwickshire]] and Staffordshire and was looked on by many as Essex's eventual successor, was killed in besieging [[Lichfield Cathedral]] on 2 March, and, though the cathedral soon capitulated, Gell and Brereton were severely handled in the indecisive [[Battle of Hopton Heath]] near [[Stafford]] on 19 March, and Prince Rupert, after an abortive raid on [[Bristol]] (7 March), marched rapidly northward, storming [[Birmingham]] en route, and recaptured Lichfield Cathedral. He was, however, soon recalled to Oxford to take part in the main campaign.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=5. The Winter of 1642–43}}

The position of affairs for Parliament was perhaps at its worst in January. The Royalist successes of November and December, the ever-present dread of foreign intervention, and the burden of new taxation which Parliament now found itself compelled to impose, through the [[Committee for the Advance of Money]], disheartened its supporters. Disorders broke out in London, and, while the more determined of the rebels began thus early to think of calling in the military assistance of the Scots, the majority were for peace on any conditions.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=5. The Winter of 1642–43}}

But soon the position improved somewhat; the [[Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford|Earl of Stamford]] in the west and Brereton and Gell in the Midlands, though hard pressed, were at any rate in arms and undefeated, Newcastle had failed to conquer the West Riding, and Sir [[William Waller]], who had cleared Hampshire and [[Wiltshire]] of "malignants", entered Gloucestershire early in March, destroyed a small Royalist force at [[Highnam]] on 24 March, and secured Bristol and Gloucester for Parliament.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=5. The Winter of 1642–43}}

Finally, some of Charles's own intrigues opportunely came to light. The waverers, seeing the impossibility of plain dealing with the court, rallied again to the party of resistance. The series of negotiations called by the name of the "[[Treaty of Oxford]]" closed in April, with no more result than those which had preceded Edgehill and Turnham Green.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=5. The Winter of 1642–43}}

About this time too, following and improving upon the example of Newcastle in the north, Parliament ordered the formation of the celebrated "associations" or groups of counties, banded together by mutual consent for defence. The most powerful and best organised of these was that of the eastern counties (headquartered in [[Cambridge]]), where the danger of attack from the north was near enough to induce great energy in the preparations for meeting it, and at the same time, too distant effectively to interfere with these preparations. Above all, the [[Eastern Association]] was from the first, guided and inspired by Colonel Cromwell.{{sfn|Atkinson|1911|loc=5. The Winter of 1642–43}}

The field fortifications that were hastily thrown up during the summer of 1642 to defend London, were supplemented with the [[Lines of Communication (London)|Lines of Communication]] (the name given for new ring of fortifications around the City of London and the outer boroughs) that were commissioned by Parliament in 1642 and completed in 1643.{{sfn|Flintham |2008|loc=Civil War fortifications of London}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
*{{Citation|first=David |last=Flintham |url=http://www.fortified-places.com/london/ |title=Civil War fortifications of London |publisher=Fortified Places |date=18 August 2008}}

;Attribution
*{{EB1911|first=Charles Francis |last=Atkinson |wstitle=Great Rebellion |volume=12 |pages=403–421}}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|-
|1642||[[First English Civil War]]||[[First English Civil War, 1643|1643 →]]
|}

[[Category:First English Civil War|1642]]
[[Category:1642 in England|Civil War]]
[[Category:1642 conflicts]]

Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology, Anand

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 22:43:33 GMT

Waza imported Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology, Anand by file upload (171 revisions) Import with full history

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{{Short description|Engineering college in Gujarat, India}}

{{AfDM|page=Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology, Anand (2nd nomination)|year=2026|month=November|day=11|substed=yes|origtag=afdx|help=off}}

{{Primary sources|date=November 2026}}
{{Infobox university
|name = Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology Mogar ANAND
|image = [[File:DJMIT LOGO.jpg|200px|DJMIT LOGO]]
|motto = Shakti Gyanatmika Para (Knowledge is Power)
|type = Education and research institution
|established = 2010
|chairman = Narendra Shrimali
|principal = Arvindkumar M. Jain
|chancellor = [[Kamla Beniwal]]
|vice_chancellor = Akshai Aggarwal
|undergrad = Intake 355
|free_label = Acronym
|free = DJMIT
|city = [[Anand, Gujarat]]
|country = India
|colors =
|coordinates =
|campus = Urban, {{cvt|11.16|acre}}
|affiliations = [[Gujarat Technological University|GTU]]
|accreditation = [[AICTE]]
|website = {{url|www.djmit.ac.in}}
|motto_lang = Sanskrit
|address = National Highway No. 8, Near Sankara Eye Hospital, District Anand, Mogar, Gujarat 388340
}}
'''Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology''' ('''DJMIT''') is an engineering institute located in [[Anand, Gujarat]], India. It is named after the first Chief Minister of Gujarat [[Jivraj Narayan Mehta]].<ref name="k3746gtucl">{{cite web |url= http://www.gtu.ac.in/affiliation/BE.pdf|title=Gujarat Technological University Colleges List |work=gtu.ac.in |accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref> It was established in July 2010.

It is located near Anand - home to the headquarters of [[Amul]] (the world’s largest farmers’ cooperative movement) and [[National Dairy Development Board|NDDB]].

== History ==
The college was founded in 2010. It is located in the [[Mogar]] suburban district of [[Anand, Gujarat|Anand]], {{Coord|22.57|N|72.93|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/09/Anand.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Anand]</ref> Within [[Gujarat]], [[India]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bing.com/maps/default.aspx?v=2&pc=FACEBK&mid=8100&where1=Near+Sankara+Eye+Hospital%2CNational+Highway+No.8%2C%2C+Village+Mogar%2C+District+Anand%2C+Gujarat.++388340+&FORM=FBKPL0&name=Dr.Jivraj+Mehta+Institute+of+Technology%2CMogar&mkt=en-US#Y3A9MjUuOTYwNjYwfjc1LjczMDg1OCZsdmw9NSZzdHk9ciZxPU5lYXIlMjUyMFNhbmthcmElMjUyMEV5ZSUyNTIwSG9zcGl0YWwlMjUyQ05hdGlvbmFsJTI1MjBIaWdod2F5JTI1MjBOby44JTI1MkMlMjUyQyUyNTIwVmlsbGFnZSUyNTIwTW9nYXIlMjUyQyUyNTIwRGlzdHJpY3QlMjUyMEFuYW5kJTI1MkMlMjUyMEd1amFyYXQuJTI1MjAlMjUyMDM4ODM0MCUyNTIw|title=Bing maps |accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref>
Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology Mogar is managed by Charttar Education and Navrachana Trust, (CENT). Shri Narendra Shrimali is the Chairman of the Governing Council.

Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology Mogar is affiliated with [[Gujarat Technological University]] (GTU),<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.gtu.ac.in/ |title=Gujarat Technological University |work=gtu.ac.in |accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref> the Technical University of Gujarat and also approved by the [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE), New Delhi.

{| class="wikitable"
| Shri. Narendra Shrimali || Chairman
|-
| Dr. Nanak Pamnani || Principal
|}

[[File:DJMIT College Pics.jpg|thumb|DJMIT College Pics]]

== Campus ==
[[File:Djmit campus.jpg|thumb|Djmit campus]]

The {{convert|56|acre|m2|adj=on}} campus has a plinth area of {{convert|11.16|acre|m2}}. Sports fields are available for various games such as cricket, football (commonly known as [[Association football|soccer]] or Association football, not to be confused with [[American football|American Football]]) and various indoor games facilities such as table tennis, carom board and chess. The institute is well connected to the national highway, having its own exit.

==Academics==
=== Undergraduate studies ===
Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology offers the following degree programmes with AICTE approval and affiliation to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad.

The following table shows branch-wise intake from the institute.

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="width: 60%; font-size: 1em;"
|-
! Discipline !! Intake !! Duration !! AICTE approved Yes / No
|-
| Civil Engineering || 71 || 4 years || Yes
|-
| Computer Science & Engineering || 71 || 4 years || Yes
|-
| Electrical Engineering || 71 || 4 years || Yes
|-
| Information & Technology Engineering || 71 || 4 years || Yes
|-
| Mechanical Engineering || 71 || 4 years || Yes
|-
| Mechanical (Thermal) Engineering (Post Graduate)||18 || 2 years || Yes
|-
| Electrical Engineering (Post Graduate) || 18 || 2 years || Yes
|-
|}

=== Education environment ===

[[File:Protection Panel.jpg|thumb|150px|Protection lab]]

* Software Systems including Packet Tracer for computer Network, Nokia Mobile and Android toolkit for Mobile Application Development, Various Automated Software Testing Tools for SDLC.
* Software System like MATLAB, TINA PRO, Embedded System, Crossware Development Tool, Microcontroller VPB (Integrated Development Environment), Mobile Communication Trainer kit, Optical Training Communication kit, Microwave Workbench are in the E&C Department.
* Software System like MATLAB, Power System Programming In C Language; fully Equipped high voltage laboratory in the Electrical Engineering department.
* Developed Panels of Power System Protection indigenously in College by Electrical Engineering Department.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.djmit.ac.in/ Official website of College of Engineering - DJMIT]
* [http://www.gtu.ac.in/ Gujarat Technological University]
* [http://www.gujaratuniversity.org.in/ Gujarat University homepage]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Engineering colleges in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Education in Anand district]]
[[Category:Anand, Gujarat]]

Ordo Equitum Solis

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 22:43:04 GMT

Waza imported Ordo Equitum Solis by file upload (36 revisions) Import with full history

New page

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Ordo Equitum Solis|timestamp=20261111171254|year=2026|month=November|day=11|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=February 2022}}
{{No footnotes|date=February 2022}}
}}

{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Ordo Equitum Solis
| image = OES Wikipedia.jpg
| caption = OES live
| image_size = 250
| landscape = Yes
| alias = OES
| origin = France, Italy
| genre = [[Dark wave]], [[neofolk]], [[dark ambient]], [[neoclassical dark wave]]
| years_active = 1988–2001 (Reunion in 2010)
| label = MMM, Sinope
| associated_acts =
| website = [http://www.ordoequitumsolis.com/ ordoequitumsolis.com]
| past_member =
}}

'''Ordo Equitum Solis''' (abbreviated '''OES''') are an alternative music band consisting of French Leithana, pseudonym of Nathalie Herrera (vocals, keyboards, zither, percussions) and Italian Deraclamo, pseudonym of Paolo De Marco (vocals, guitar). The duo formed in 1988, and released albums and toured between 1990 and 2000. In 2001 the band suddenly broke up, but there was a reunion in 2010.

The musical style of OES does not fall into a precise category. While the early albums have pronounced industrial, esoteric darkwave and a touch of medieval influences, with time their musical style matured, embracing multi-faceted sonorities between neofolk, experimentalism and ballad songs. The albums, that include also instrumental tracks, are characterized by a significant switch and mix of genres, making Ordo Equitum Solis' music unusual, various, intimistic and hard to describe. Distinguishing features are Leithana's voice, Deraclamo's folk guitar, lyrics in various languages (English, French, Latin, Italian), highly-emotional melodies, experimental effects, romantic and decadent atmosphere, and remarkable, sometimes provocative arrangements.

Ordo Equitum Solis' releases had often been concept-albums, inspired by symbolic themes or personal experiences. The albums denote also the duality of the band, between Leithana's often inflexible creative genius, and Deraclamo's instinctive inspiration.

== History ==

=== Formation ===

Leithana and Deraclamo met in 1985 in a [[post-punk]] club in Paris (Le Saint), the city where Leithana lived. Deraclamo at that time roamed around London, Paris and Barcelona. They immediately decided to make music together, considering their love for music and the coincidence of their musical taste, especially regarding the dark and post-punk London scene. In addition, both had the same sense of freedom, that would induce a continuous wandering in the following years, a theme developed in their CD ''Planetes''.

To realize their musical project, in 1987 both moved to Paganotti, a mountain village in Italy, where they made their first album ''Solstitii Temporis Sensus''. Between 1988 and 1989 Ordo Equitum Solis befriended [[Tony Wakeford]] ([[Sol Invictus (band)|Sol Invictus]]), who played on the first two albums of Ordo Equitum Solis. In 1992 Leithana recorded some piano tracks for Sol Invictus. As keyboard-player Leithana also participated in some of Sol Invictus' concerts, in particular during the legendary tour of [[Death In June]], [[Current 93]] and Sol Invictus together (1991).

=== 1990–1997 ===

On 21 December 1990, the band's first album, ''Solstitii Temporis Sensus'' was released on the independent label Musica Maxima Magnetica (already label of [[Sleep Chamber]], [[Vasilisk]] and numerous other artists). The album had an immediate and unexpected success both in terms of sales and in terms of audience. The cooperation with the label would continue until 1996 with the albums ''Animi Aegritudo'' (1992), the mini-CD ''OES'' (1993), the live-album ''Paraskénia'' (1994), and finally ''Hecate'' (1995).

The period is characterized by an artistic growth of the music, as well as an increasing popularity especially among gothic and neofolk listeners. Many articles about and interviews with the band appeared in magazines and fanzines. The band played many concerts in Europe, and also did a tour in the US and Russia in 1993. Ordo Equitum Solis released ''Hecate'' in 1995, which was innovative and astonishing, and very different from the music scene's standard of the moment.

From 1995 on there were disagreements between Ordo Equitum Solis and the label Musica Maxima Magnetica, because the distributor Audioglobe interfered more with the band's affairs. The recording sessions of their following album ''Planetes'' started in 1996, but weren't completed until 1998. That same year the band managed to get back all rights regarding Ordo Equitum Solis’ past and future works, and therefore to be fully operational again, after a forced three year stop.

=== 1998–2001 ===

''Planetes'' was released in January 1999 on Ordo Equitum Solis' own label Sinope, through the UK-based [[World Serpent Distribution]]. In addition to ''Planetes'', the band's revival resulted in the release of the mini-album ''Signs'', the double CD compilation ''Octo'', the album ''Metamorphosis - Personam Impono'' and the 7 inch vinyl picture-disc ''A Divine Image''. During this period the artistic experimentations of the band kept evolving, with a more refined style detached from clichés. A review of ''Planetes'' stated: "Planetes, with its delicate electro-acoustic ballads and its subtle 'esoteric' keyboard layers, places itself more than worthily in a creative path still in solitary and noteworthy ascent" (Vittore Baroni, ''[[Rumore (magazine)|Rumore]]'', n° 85 – 1999). ''Planetes'' and the other CD's of this year were reviewed in various international magazines.

Nevertheless, the non-efficient distribution of World Serpent disappointed the band. The general drop in sales faced the band with excessive difficulties. Also, Ordo Equitum Solis found that live-concerts were harder to get or unsatisfying, and the band finally decided to break up, immediately after their concert at the [[Wave-Gotik-Treffen]] in Leipzig on 3 June 2001.

Notwithstanding the band's break-up, Leithana and Deraclamo would still continue working on unreleased tracks composed in 1989–90, with the intention of releasing a "posthumous" album. Apart from this, Leithana started working on an solo-album, which she ultimately decided to never publish. In 2002, all musical projects of the band were put on hold.

=== Since 2010 ===

In November 2010 an announcement on the band's official website reported the reunion of Ordo Equitum Solis, as well as the release of a brand new album.

== Influences and music ==
Ordo Equitum Solis is influenced by the gothic and post-punk London music scene of the 1980s, particularly by bands like [[Joy Division]], [[SPK (band)|SPK]], [[Cocteau Twins]], [[Bauhaus (band)|Bauhaus]], [[Dead Can Dance]], Clair Obscur, [[Virgin Prunes]], [[Coil (band)|Coil]], [[Sol Invictus (band)|Sol Invictus]] and [[Death In June]].

The name of the band, which literally means "The Order of the Knights of the Sun" in Latin, was coined by Deraclamo, and was meant to underline a certain vision of the world, willingly anachronistic yet strong and current in the 1990s. The use of the Latin language as well as the look of the band represent some of the innovations introduced by Ordo Equitum Solis, which would be extensively reused in the gothic and alternative music scene. Ordo Equitum Solis is characterized by implicit symbolic and magical themes and more explicit themes of [[gnosticism]], a love of nature and the conceptual union with the elements.

== Discography ==

=== Albums ===
* ''Solstitii Temporis Sensus'' (1990)
* ''Animi Aegritudo'' (1991)
* ''Paraskénia'' (1994)
* ''Hecate'' (1995)
* ''Planets'' (1999)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ordo Equitum Solis - Planets |url=https://www.metal.de/reviews/ordo-equitum-solis-planets-629/ |website=[[Metal.de]] |access-date=11 November 2026 |date=4 October 1999}}</ref>
* ''Metamorphosis - Personam Impono'' (2000)
* ''Killing Time Killing Love'' (2013)

=== Mini-CD's ===
* ''OES'' (1993)
* ''Signs'' (1999)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ordo Equitum Solis - Signs |url=https://www.metal.de/reviews/ordo-equitum-solis-signs-674/ |website=[[Metal.de]] |access-date=11 November 2026 |date=30 October 1999}}</ref>

=== Singles ===
* "A Divine Image" (2000)

=== Compilations ===
* ''Octo'' (1999)

=== Video ===
* "In Russia"

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ordoequitumsolis.com Ordo Equitum Solis]
* [http://www.sinope.org/oes Sinope Ordo Equitum Solis]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Neofolk music groups]]
[[Category:Neoclassical dark wave musical groups]]
[[Category:French musical groups]]
[[Category:Italian musical groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1988]]

Review queue

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 21:39:44 GMT

Add new article to review queue.

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:39, 11 November 2026
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	== To review ==		== To review ==
			* [[Factories in orbit and what they bring back to Earth]] (November 11)
	* [[Offline captions for deaf and hard of hearing people]] (November 11)		* [[Offline captions for deaf and hard of hearing people]] (November 11)
	* [[Salt-tolerant crops for land written off as ruined]] (November 10)		* [[Salt-tolerant crops for land written off as ruined]] (November 10)

Factories in orbit and what they bring back to Earth

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 21:38:26 GMT

New article on factories in orbit.

New page

= Why the First Space Factories Pay Off in Tiny Products and in Lessons That Come Back to Earth =

''This page is educational framing about space manufacturing and research. It is not investment, engineering, or medical advice, and it is not a product or company recommendation.''

Factories in orbit are usually pictured as giant stations building ships and habitats. This page argues for a different and more useful picture. The first space factories that actually work make very small, very valuable things, and their biggest payoff so far is knowledge that lets factories on the ground do better work. That matters for futurism and for the move from scarcity toward abundance, because knowledge is not used up when it is shared. A process learned once in orbit can be repeated on Earth millions of times without paying for another launch.

The thesis in one sentence: the near-term value of manufacturing in microgravity comes from products where weight barely matters and from lessons that move production back down to Earth, not from shipping bulk goods out of the sky.

== What gravity spoils on Earth ==

On Earth, gravity drives three effects that get in the way of some delicate manufacturing. Heavier particles sink, which is called sedimentation. Warm fluid rises and cool fluid falls, which is called convection. Lighter material floats, which is buoyancy. For most products these effects do not matter. For a few, they are the main reason the product is flawed.

Growing crystals is a clear case. Many medicines are made, stored, or delivered as crystals, and the size and uniformity of those crystals changes how a drug dissolves, how thick a liquid dose becomes, and whether it can pass through a needle. Some special glass is another case. When certain glass mixtures are cooled, tiny crystals form inside them, and those crystals scatter light and make the material brittle. In orbit, objects are in continuous free fall, so sedimentation and convection nearly disappear. That gives researchers a way to see what a process looks like when gravity is removed from the problem.

== Three real stories ==

=== Merck and a cancer medicine ===

Researchers at Merck flew crystallization experiments with the antibody medicine pembrolizumab to the International Space Station on a 2017 cargo flight. Their 2019 paper in ''npj Microgravity'' reported that the crystals grown in orbit came out at one uniform size of about 39 micrometers, while ground controls produced a messy mix of 13 and 102 micrometer particles. The space samples were also less viscous and settled more evenly.<ref name="merck">Reichert P. et al. "Pembrolizumab microgravity crystallization experimentation." ''npj Microgravity'' 5, 28 (2019). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41526-019-0090-3</ref>

The surprising part is what happened next. The team did not build a factory in space. They used what orbit taught them, namely that sedimentation and temperature gradients controlled the result, and copied those conditions on the ground with a slowly rotating mixer and a controlled temperature change. That ground process produced uniform crystals of about 1 to 5 micrometers with a thickness suitable for an injection.<ref name="merck" /> NASA reported in January 2026 that this early space research informed a version of the medicine given by injection under the skin, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in September 2025. NASA describes the new form as taking about one minute every three weeks, compared with infusions that once took up to two hours.<ref name="nasafda">NASA. "Space Station Research Informs New FDA-Approved Cancer Therapy." January 6, 2026. https://www.nasa.gov/missions/station/iss-research/space-station-research-informs-new-fda-approved-cancer-therapy/</ref>

In other words, one of the clearest medical results of orbital manufacturing so far was a better Earth factory process and less time in a clinic chair for patients.

=== Optical fiber that grows crystals on the ground ===

ZBLAN is a glass made from fluorides of zirconium, barium, lanthanum, sodium, and aluminum. NASA explains that it can carry light over a broader range than ordinary silica fiber, but when it is drawn into fiber on the ground, crystals form that scatter signals and weaken it. From mid-February to mid-March 2024, a machine built by the startup Flawless Photonics drew more than 11.9 kilometers of ZBLAN fiber aboard the space station, including more than 1,141 meters in one day, compared with a prior record of about 25 meters for fiber made in space.<ref name="nasafiber">NASA. "Optical Fiber Production." Science in Space, March 2024. https://www.nasa.gov/missions/station/iss-research/optical-fiber-production/</ref>

Fiber is a good fit for orbit because it is light for its value. The company founder told ''The Register'' that it had filled orders for fiber priced at about 1,000 dollars per meter, which he said matched the going rate for ZBLAN made on the ground.<ref name="register">''The Register''. "Fiber optics made in space may be the future of photonics." April 23, 2024. https://www.theregister.com/on-prem/2024/04/23/fiber-optics-made-in-space-may-be-the-future-of-photonics/306516</ref> NASA noted that the fiber still had to be analyzed back on Earth to show whether it reached the goal of ten times better quality than ground fiber.<ref name="nasafiber" /> Making long lengths is a real step. Proving the product is better is a separate step.

=== A capsule that lands on its own ===

The space station is shared, crowded, and depends on astronaut time. Varda Space Industries tried another route: a small automated capsule that processes material in orbit and then falls back to Earth. Its W-1 capsule launched on June 12, 2023, grew crystals of a hard-to-make form of the HIV drug ritonavir, and landed at the Utah Test and Training Range on February 21, 2024.<ref name="varda">Varda Space Industries. "W-1." https://www.varda.com/mission/w-1</ref> Its partner Improved Pharma reported that the most stable form of the drug was converted to the less stable Form III in orbit and that control samples came back without changing form.<ref name="improved">Improved Pharma. "Mission success: Ritonavir crystallization experiments conducted in space worked flawlessly." March 22, 2024. https://improvedpharma.com/mission-success-ritonavir-crystallization-experiments-conducted-space-worked-flawlessly/</ref>

The capsule sat in orbit for months longer than the processing took, while the company worked through reentry approval with the Federal Aviation Administration.<ref name="payload">Payload. "Varda Releases Results of In-Space Pharma Mission." 2024. https://payloadspace.com/varda-releases-results-of-in-space-pharma-mission/</ref> That delay is a useful lesson in itself. Getting things back down safely and legally can be as hard as making them.

== Why this points toward abundance ==

The pattern across these stories is that orbit works best as a laboratory that removes one variable. Once researchers learn which variable mattered, the knowledge can often be copied on the ground at ordinary cost. That is an abundance pattern. A launch is scarce and expensive, but an insight is non-rival. Many factories can use it at the same time, and it does not wear out.

The second pattern is weight. Even as [[Reusable rockets and the collapse of launch prices|reusable rockets]] lower the price of reaching orbit, carrying things up and down still costs a great deal per kilogram. The products that make sense first are those where a small mass carries a large value, such as drug crystals and specialty fiber. Bulk goods such as steel or concrete for Earth will not come from orbit in any foreseeable future. For building in space itself, using material already found there, such as water from asteroids, is the more promising path, as discussed in [[Asteroid mining and why water comes first|Asteroid mining]].

A third pattern concerns who benefits. If space research mainly improves processes on the ground, its gains can spread through ordinary factories, generic production, and competition, rather than staying locked inside a few orbital facilities. Readers interested in how that fits with factories closer to home can compare it with [[Onshoring manufacturing with robots and AI|Onshoring manufacturing]].

== Limits and open questions ==

* Many space experiments are small, single runs. A striking result in orbit still has to be repeated, scaled, and checked by independent testing.
* Company statements about markets and prices are claims by interested parties, not independent proof of demand.
* Better crystals or fiber do not automatically mean lower prices for the public. Patents, regulation, and pricing decisions shape who gains.
* Return trips raise safety, licensing, and debris questions that are still being worked out.
* Microgravity is not a general cure for manufacturing problems. For most products, gravity is irrelevant and orbit only adds cost.

==Discussion questions, essay ideas, and learning related AI prompt ideas==

* Explain why a process learned in orbit and copied on Earth may do more for abundance than a factory that stays in orbit.
* Compare the Merck crystal story with the ZBLAN fiber story and identify what each shows about the difference between making a product and proving it is better.
* Describe which kinds of products have enough value per kilogram to justify the cost of a round trip to orbit, and which never will.
* Evaluate how reentry rules and safety approvals should balance public protection with the speed of research.
* Design a research program that uses microgravity only to find the hidden variable in a manufacturing problem and then moves production back to the ground.
* Discuss who should share in the gains when public space station access helps a private company improve a product.

==See also==

* [[Reusable rockets and the collapse of launch prices|Reusable rockets]]
* [[Asteroid mining and why water comes first|Asteroid mining]]
* [[Lunar lava tubes as the first Moon homes|Lunar lava tubes]]
* [[Growing houses from fungi on the Moon and Mars|Fungi houses in space]]
* [[Onshoring manufacturing with robots and AI|Onshoring manufacturing]]
* [[Manufacturing|Manufacturing]]
* [[Space travel|Space travel]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Futurism]]
[[Category:Space]]
[[Category:Abundance]]
[[Category:Post-scarcity]]
[[Category:Technology]]
[[Category:Manufacturing]]

Review queue

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 14:54:33 GMT

Add Offline captions for deaf and hard of hearing people to review queue

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:54, 11 November 2026
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	== To review ==		== To review ==
			* [[Offline captions for deaf and hard of hearing people]] (November 11)
	* [[Salt-tolerant crops for land written off as ruined]] (November 10)		* [[Salt-tolerant crops for land written off as ruined]] (November 10)
	* [[Why read-only Wikipedia mirrors are not enough]] (November 10)		* [[Why read-only Wikipedia mirrors are not enough]] (November 10)

Offline captions for deaf and hard of hearing people

Waza — Wed, 11 Nov 2026 14:50:48 GMT

New article on offline captions and local speech recognition

New page

= How Speech Recognition That Runs on the Phone Turns Captioning From a Booked Service Into a Private, Always-On Tool =

'''Offline captions for deaf and hard of hearing people''' are written transcripts of speech produced by software that runs on the listener's own phone or computer, with no internet connection and no outside server. This page is about futurism and solving problems in living: it argues that local speech recognition can move captioning from scarcity toward abundance, turning a skilled service that people must request and wait for into a private tool they carry everywhere, while showing why the people who read the captions still need control over errors and the right to ask for human interpreters.

The core thesis is simple. For most of history, access to spoken conversation for a deaf person depended on someone else: an interpreter, a captioner, a relative, or a company server. Captions that run on the device shift that dependence back toward the listener. The interesting question is not whether the software is perfect, because it is not, but who controls it, who sees the words, and who gets to correct it.

==Why this matters==
The World Health Organization estimates that over 5 percent of the world's population, about 430 million people, need rehabilitation for disabling hearing loss, and it projects that over 700 million people, about one in ten, will have disabling hearing loss by 2050. The same fact sheet says nearly 80 percent of people with disabling hearing loss live in low and middle income countries, and that more than 25 percent of people older than 60 are affected.

Those numbers describe a large group of people whose access to ordinary talk at a pharmacy counter, a family dinner, a union meeting, or a bus station is limited by the supply of human help. Human real-time captioning and sign language interpreting are skilled work, and skilled work is scarce, especially in poorer regions and in small, unplanned moments. A tool that runs on a phone already in someone's pocket changes the supply curve for those small moments.

==From cloud service to pocket tool==
Two changes made offline captions practical.

The first was smaller, faster models. In October 2019 Google introduced Live Caption on the Pixel 4. Its product manager wrote that captions were produced in real time and completely on the device, that the feature worked without cell data or Wi-Fi, and that the captions stayed private and never left the phone. At launch it captioned media and spoken audio on the device but did not caption phone and video calls. Apple now offers Live Captions on iPhone 11 and later models, covering audio in apps, calls, and conversations picked up by the microphone, with an option that announces to callers when a call is being transcribed.

The second was open models. In 2022 OpenAI released Whisper, a family of speech recognition models trained on 680,000 hours of audio paired with transcripts from the internet, including 117,000 hours covering 96 languages other than English. The authors released the model weights and code. Their smallest model has 39 million parameters, and they reported that their best English results came close to professional human transcribers on a set of 25 recordings. Because the weights are public, independent projects such as whisper.cpp have rebuilt the model in plain C and C++ so it can run on laptops, phones, and even a Raspberry Pi, and its developers demonstrated it running fully offline on an iPhone 13.

Together these changes mean captioning no longer has to be a service someone grants. It can be a capability someone owns.

==Privacy is part of access==
Captioning a conversation means recording what other people say. When that audio goes to a remote server, a deaf person's ordinary life becomes a data stream that a company can store, analyze, or be forced to hand over. Hearing people do not have to send their conversations to anyone in order to understand them. On-device processing removes that unequal burden.

This is why offline captions fit naturally with [[Local-first software|local-first software]] and the broader idea of [[Local AI as a public library|local AI as a shared public resource]]. The value is not only convenience. It is that a disabled person should not have to trade [[Privacy|privacy]] for participation.

==Where the machine gets it wrong==
A fair account has to describe the failures, because the people reading captions are the ones who carry the cost of errors.

A 2024 study presented at the ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, titled "Careless Whisper," ran 13,140 audio segments through the Whisper API in 2023. The researchers found that about 1.4 percent of transcriptions contained entire phrases or sentences that were never spoken, and that 38 percent of those invented passages contained harmful content such as violence, made up names or health statuses, or false claims of authority like website links. The invented text appeared more often for speakers with aphasia, a language condition that produces longer pauses: 1.7 percent of their segments compared with 1.2 percent for the control group. The authors linked the problem to silence and noise inside the audio. When they retested in December 2023, most of the earlier cases were gone, but 12 of 187 problem segments still produced invented text. They found no comparable invented passages from several other commercial services on the same segments.

The Whisper paper itself notes that accuracy is still poor for many languages, and that error rates fall roughly by half for every sixteen-fold increase in training data for a language. That means languages with little recorded text online get worse captions, which falls hardest on the low and middle income regions where most people with disabling hearing loss live. Apple's own support page warns that Live Captions accuracy may vary and should not be relied upon in high-risk or emergency situations.

The lesson is that a transcript that looks fluent can still be wrong in ways a reader cannot detect, and that the risk is not shared equally.

==Design principles that keep the listener in charge==
If offline captions are going to expand freedom rather than create a new kind of dependence, a few principles help.
* The listener should decide when captions run and where any saved transcript goes, with saving turned off by default.
* Captions should show uncertainty, for example by marking low-confidence words, so a fluent invented sentence does not pass as fact.
* Transcripts should never be treated as an official record of what someone said without human review, especially in hiring, courts, police contact, or medical notes.
* Open models and open code let communities test accuracy on their own languages, accents, and speech patterns and publish the results.
* Software captions should add to, not replace, the right to a qualified human interpreter or captioner when the stakes are high.

==Limits of this approach==
Offline captions are not a substitute for sign language. For many Deaf people a signed language is a first language, and reading fast English text is a second-language task. Captions also struggle with crosstalk, distant speakers, and noisy rooms. Phones need battery, memory, and recent hardware, and the newest features often arrive first on expensive devices. Finally, a capability being available does not mean institutions will stop owing human access; there is a real risk that employers, schools, or agencies point to a free phone feature as a reason to cut interpreter budgets. This page describes technology and its social effects. It is not medical, legal, or audiology advice.

==Discussion questions, essay ideas, and learning related AI prompt ideas==
* Explain how moving captioning from a booked human service to a phone feature changes who holds power in a conversation between a deaf person and a hearing institution.
* Compare the privacy costs of cloud captioning and on-device captioning, and argue whether disabled people should ever have to accept recording as the price of access.
* Describe how invented sentences in a transcript could harm someone in a job interview, a court hearing, or a doctor's note, and propose safeguards that keep the speaker in control.
* Analyze why speech recognition works worse for languages with little recorded text online, and design a community project that could close that gap without exporting people's voices to distant servers.
* Argue whether free caption features on phones should strengthen or weaken the legal duty of schools and employers to provide human interpreters.
* Imagine a city in 2040 where every public counter, bus, and meeting has open, offline captions, and describe what new problems in living would appear and how they could be handled.

==See also==
* [[Offline AI tutors for places without internet|Offline AI tutors]]
* [[Local AI as a public library|Local AI as a public library]]
* [[Local-first software|Local-first software]]
* [[Privacy|Privacy]]
* [[Open source software|Open source software]]

==References==
* World Health Organization. "Deafness and hearing loss." Fact sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-loss
* Radford, A., Kim, J. W., Xu, T., Brockman, G., McLeavey, C., and Sutskever, I. "Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervision." arXiv:2212.04356, 2022. https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.04356
* Koenecke, A., Choi, A. S. G., Mei, K. X., Schellmann, H., and Sloane, M. "Careless Whisper: Speech-to-Text Hallucination Harms." ACM FAccT 2024. https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.08021
* Kemler, B. "If it has audio, now it can have captions." Google blog, October 16, 2019. https://blog.google/products/android/live-caption/
* Apple Support. "Get live captions of spoken audio on iPhone." https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/get-live-captions-of-spoken-audio-iphe0990f7bb/ios
* whisper.cpp project README. https://github.com/ggml-org/whisper.cpp

[[Category:Artificial intelligence]]
[[Category:Technology]]
[[Category:Futurism]]
[[Category:Problems in living]]
[[Category:Abundance]]
[[Category:Freedom]]

Spanish Caravan

Waza — Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:20:17 GMT

Waza imported Spanish Caravan by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

New page

{{Infobox song
| name = Spanish Caravan
| artist = [[the Doors]]
| album = [[Waiting for the Sun]]
| released = July 3, 1968
| recorded = January 15, 1968 <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Doors Studio Dates & Info |url=https://mildequator.com/recordinghistory/studioinfo.html |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=mildequator.com}}</ref>
| genre = [[Flamenco]] • [[acid rock]]
| length = 2:58
| label = [[Elektra Records|Elektra]]
| writer = The Doors
| producer = [[Paul A. Rothchild]]
}}

"'''Spanish Caravan'''" is a 1968 song written by [[Robby Krieger]], and credited to [[Jim Morrison]], [[Ray Manzarek]], [[Robby Krieger]] and [[John Densmore]] that was released on [[The Doors]]' 1968 album ''[[Waiting for the Sun|Waiting For The Sun]]''.

== Background and recording ==
"Spanish Caravan" was written by Robby Krieger around late 1966.<ref name="mildequator.com-1">{{Cite web |title=The Doors Studio Dates & Info |url=https://mildequator.com/recordinghistory/studioinfo.html |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=mildequator.com}}</ref> He was inspired by, and took parts from the songs, "[[Asturias (Leyenda)|Asturias]]" by [[Isaac Albéniz]], and "[[Adiós Granada]]" by Tomas Barrera, and [[Rafael Calleja]].<ref name="Fanelli2018-1">{{Cite web |last=Fanelli |first=Damian |date=January 8, 2018 |title=Watch Robby Krieger Play The Doors' "Spanish Caravan" with a String Quartet |url=https://www.guitarworld.com/artists/watch-robby-krieger-play-doors-spanish-caravan-la-philharmonic-quartet-flamenco |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=Guitar World |language=en}}</ref> The song was written to showcase Krieger's [[flamenco guitar]] skills, which he started learning when he was 17.<ref name="Weidman2011-1">{{Cite book |last=Weidman |first=Rich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HjPcWkEPSR8C&pg=PT175#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Doors FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Kings of Acid Rock |date=2011-10-01 |publisher=Backbeat Books |isbn=978-1-61713-110-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Songfacts-1" /> According to John Densmore, "In rehearsal, I always asked Robby to play flamenco so I could watch his picking. His right hand looked like a crab with many legs crawling over the strings."<ref name="Weidman2011-1" /><ref name="Densmore1991-1">{{Cite book |last=Densmore |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Riders_on_the_Storm.html?hl=hy&id=FzSNEAAAQBAJ |title=Riders on the Storm: My Life with Jim Morrison and the Doors |date=1991-09-01 |publisher=National Geographic Books |isbn=978-0-385-30447-4 |language=en}}</ref> The song was recorded on January 15, 1968, from 5:00pm-12:00am.<ref name="mildequator.com-1" /> Mixing was done by May 3, 1968.<ref name="mildequator.com-1" />

== Composition ==
The song starts with a [[flamenco]] intro, played by Krieger, and is joined by Harpsichord, played by keyboardist Ray Manzarek, later in the intro. The first verse mentions places like [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], and [[Andalusia]], the southernmost part of Spain. When the chorus ends, the flamenco guitar stops, leading into an [[Acid rock]] instrumental, with use of the fuzz box. The second verse refers to the romanticized, and mythic wealth of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], which attracted many explorers from across [[Europe]].

== Release and reception ==
"Spanish Caravan" was released on July 3, 1968, along with the rest of the ''[[Waiting for the Sun|Waiting For The Sun]]'' album.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Music – The Doors |url=https://thedoors.com/music |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=thedoors.com}}</ref><ref name="mildequator.com-1" /> During an interview with Rainier Moddemann of ''The Doors Quarterly,'' Robby Krieger stated that the band was sued for borrowing from "Asturias." The Doors were forced to give up some money, but only a little. Krieger explained, "They didn't get very much, 'cause it's such a widely known thing, but they claimed they owned this little something stupid."<ref name="Songfacts-1">{{Cite web |last=Songfacts |title=Spanish Caravan by The Doors - Songfacts |url=https://www.songfacts.com/facts/the-doors/spanish-caravan |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=www.songfacts.com |language=en}}</ref> The song was later included in the 1972 compilation ''[[Weird Scenes Inside the Gold Mine|Weird Scenes Inside The Gold Mine]]''.

Pitchfork stated that "Spanish Caravan", and the previous song on the album, "[[The Unknown Soldier (song)|The Unknown Soldier]]", felt more meandering than the band's longest pieces. They then called both songs "start/stop multi-sectional three-minute songs".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berman |first=Stuart |date=December 5, 2006 |title=The Doors: Perception |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/9691-perception/ |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=Pitchfork |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rolling Stone]] called Krieger's flamenco guitar playing "stirring," while [[AllMusic]] called it "interesting."<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Doors: Album Guide {{!}} Rolling Stone Music |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/the-doors/albumguide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907072007/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/the-doors/albumguide |archive-date=2013-09-07 |access-date=2026-11-09 |work=rollingstone.com}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=The Doors: Waiting for the Sun Tracks & Reviews {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/waiting-for-the-sun-mw0000193597 |access-date=2026-11-09 |language=en}}</ref> Contrary to the previous 3 opinions, critic Bob Shayne of the L.A. Free Press commented that "Spanish Caravan" included some of the worst lyrics he had ever heard in his life.<ref name="Weidman2011-1" />

== Live performances ==
The first live performance of "Spanish Caravan" was on January 6, 1967, at the [[The Fillmore|Fillmore Auditorium]] in [[San Francisco]].<ref name="Weidman2011-1" /> John Densmore mentioned in his autobiography, "Riders On The Storm" that the people in the first few rows stared at the band like they were from another planet. He also stated, "[During] Robby's solo in 'Spanish Caravan," Jim [Morrison] got down on his knees to get a closer look at Robby's fingers."<ref name="Weidman2011-1" /><ref name="Densmore1991-1" />

The most famous performance was at the [[Hollywood Bowl]], on [[Live at the Hollywood Bowl (The Doors album)|July 5, 1968]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Doors {{!}} Hollywood Bowl 1968 |url=https://mildequator.com/performancehistory/concertinfo/1968/680705.html |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=mildequator.com}}</ref><ref name="Weidman2011-1" /> Other performances include one at the [[Roundhouse (venue)|Roundhouse]] in September of 1968, and the final performance at [[Madison Square Garden]] on January 24, 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Doors {{!}} Madison Square Garden 1969 |url=https://mildequator.com/performancehistory/concertinfo/1969/690124.html |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=mildequator.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Doors {{!}} London - The Roundhouse 1968 Night #1 |url=https://mildequator.com/performancehistory/concertinfo/1968/680906.html |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=mildequator.com}}</ref> As of 2026, Robby Krieger still performs the song on tour, starting around 2010.<ref name="Fanelli2018-1" />

== Personnel ==
Details are taken from the 2019 [[Rhino Records]] reissue liner notes.<ref>{{cite AV media notes |first=Bruce |last=Botnick |author-link=Bruce Botnick |title=Waiting for the Sun |type=liner notes |year=2019 |publisher=[[Rhino Records]] |id=R2-537344}}</ref>

'''The Doors'''

* [[Jim Morrison]]{{snd}}vocals
* [[Ray Manzarek]]{{snd}}[[harpsichord]] and [[Gibson G-101]]
* [[Robby Krieger]]{{snd}}[[Flamenco guitar|flamenco]] and [[electric guitar]]
* [[John Densmore]]{{snd}}drums

'''Additional musicians'''

* [[Doug Lubahn|Douglas Lubahn]] - electric bass
* [[Leroy Vinnegar]] - acoustic bass
'''Technical'''
* [[Paul A. Rothchild]]{{snd}}[[Record producer|production]]
* [[Bruce Botnick]]{{snd}}[[Audio engineer|engineering]]

== References ==
[[Category:The Doors songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Jim Morrison]]
[[Category:Songs written by Robby Krieger]]
[[Category:Songs written by Ray Manzarek]]
[[Category:Songs written by John Densmore]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Paul A. Rothchild]]
<references />{{The Doors}}{{The Doors songs}}
[[Category:1968 songs]]

Tennis Elbow (video game)

Waza — Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:20:17 GMT

Waza imported Tennis Elbow (video game) by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

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{{Self-published|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox video game series
| width =
| title = Tennis Elbow
| collapsible =
| state =
| image =
| caption =
| platforms = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Mac OS]], [[Linux]]
| developer = Mana Games
| publisher = Mana Games
| genre = [[Sports game]] ([[tennis]])
| spinoffs = Tennis Elbow Manager
| creator = Emmanuel Rivoire<ref>{{cite web |title= Mana Games: About |url=https://www.managames.com/about_en.html |access-date=2020-11-08}}</ref>
| first release version =
| first release date = November 1996 (Tennis Elbow)
| latest release version =
| latest release date = June 2021 (Tennis Elbow 4)
}}
'''''Tennis Elbow''''' is a series of [[tennis]] [[video game]]s developed by [[France]]-based firm Mana Games. Its first version was released in 1996<ref name="TE4planning">{{Cite web|title=Mana Games • Previsional "Tennis Elbow 4" Planning|url=https://www.managames.com/Forum/topic15-19240.php|access-date=2020-10-23|website=www.managames.com}}</ref> and as of April 2025, the latest game in the series is ''Tennis Elbow 4'', available for Windows, Mac & Linux platforms.

The game is simulation oriented, and is often seen as being the one offering the most realistic tennis experience in term of rallies<ref>{{Cite web|title=TEST. Tennis Elbow 2013 (PC, Mac)|url=http://www.gameblog.fr/tests/1591-tennis-elbow-2013-pc-mac|access-date=2020-10-23|website=Gameblog|date=27 May 2013 |language=fr}}</ref> and tennis sensations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Steam Community :: Tennis Elbow 2013|url=https://steamcommunity.com/app/346470/reviews/?p=1&browsefilter=mostrecent|access-date=2020-10-23|website=steamcommunity.com|language=en}}</ref>

The most noticeable particularity of its gameplay is that the users have to hold down the strike button till their player actually strikes the ball, unlike most other tennis games that require the users to release the strike button earlier.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tennis Elbow 2013 - Full Documentation|url=https://www.managames.com/tennis/doc/Tennis_Elbow-Tennis_Game.html|access-date=2020-10-23|website=www.managames.com}}</ref>

After more than 2 years spent in Steam Greenlight,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Steam Greenlight::Tennis Elbow 2013|url=https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=93033839|access-date=2020-10-23|website=steamcommunity.com|language=en}}</ref> the 2013 version was released on [[Steam (service)|Steam]] on March 13, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Green|first=Shaun|date=2015-03-16|title=Tennis Elbow 2013 Served To Steam; Demo Available|url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2015/03/16/tennis-elbow-2013-served-to-steam-demo-available/|access-date=2020-10-23|website=Rock, Paper, Shotgun|language=en-US}}</ref> The game is regularly updated and as of July 2018 has seen 10 major updates for the 2013 edition.{{fact|date=August 2022}}

The latest game is called ''Tennis Elbow 4'' and its early version was planned for 2019.<ref name=TE4planning/> It was released on 4 June 2021, and is in early access as of April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Save 20% on Tennis Elbow 4 on Steam |url=https://store.steampowered.com/app/760640/Tennis_Elbow_4/ |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=store.steampowered.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Games==
===''Tennis Elbow'' (1997)===
The first release in the series allows players to compete in a World Tour of 90 events against 250 players. Single matches can be dirty up and dirty down (two against one) as well as the more conventional singles and doubles. Grass, clay, flexi and cement courts are featured. Action replays can be viewed in slow motion, fast speed, and rewound.

Players can be defined as volleyers, defenders, punchers or varied, with definable kit colours and playing abilities. As you play the game, your player’s ability improves, resulting in faster and more accurate serves as well as faster running and bigger jumps.

The action is viewed from a 3rd-person angle, and side changes are optional. Two buttons are used in combination with directional presses to make slices, 3 different types of lob, and subtle drop shots.

''Tennis Elbow 2004'' is an enhanced Windows port of the original Tennis Elbow.<ref name=TE4planning/>

===''Tennis Elbow 2006'' (2006)===
Tennis Elbow 2006 allows players to compete in a World Tour of 125 events against 300 players. Both the entry and Champions' Race ranking systems are incorporated - the former covering the last 52 weeks and the latter being fixed over a single calendar year.

Single matches can be two against one, as well as the more conventional singles and doubles. Network and internet play is offered. There are seven distinct court types - clay, grass, hard, blue-green hard, synthetic, indoor hard and indoor synthetic. Action replays can be viewed in slow motion, fast speed, and rewound.

Players can be defined as volleyers, defenders, punchers or varied, with definable kit colours and playing abilities. As you play the game, your player’s ability improves - by more if your lose. Assign these points for faster and more accurate serves as well as faster running and bigger jumps.

The action is viewed from a 3rd-person angle, and side changes are optional. Two buttons are used in combination with directional presses to make slices, 3 different types of lob, and subtle drop shots.

===''Tennis Elbow Manager'' (2007)===
In this tennis manager game, the player takes control of a tennis coach and his player, and the goal is to reach the number one ranking in the world, to stay there as long as possible and win as many Grand Slam titles as possible.

*Men or Women Tour
*3500 players evolving over 38 years, from 1990 to 2027
*More than 300 tournaments
*World Team Cup and Masters Cup
*Singles & doubles
*Up to 4 coached players
*5 difficulty levels
*Full ranking system (like the entry one from ATP)
*In-game languages : English, French, Deutsch, Croatian, Italian, Dutch

The game was Greenlit on Steam and later released on October 14, 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennis Elbow Manager Steam Page |url=https://store.steampowered.com/app/528110/Tennis_Elbow_Manager/|access-date=2020-11-08}}</ref>

===''Tennis Elbow 2013'' (2013)===
Tennis Elbow 2013 follows the previous instalments in the Tennis Elbow series. It is described as an updated version of the previous title Tennis Elbow 2011 and it is provided for free to owners of that game. It features a simulative approach to tennis, and offers, along with local and online multiplayer, three singleplayer modes: training, single match, and World Tour, a career mode.

The World Tour sees you play with your created player, or an existing one (there are several dozens of real-world unlicensed famous and less famous, including — as to the males — Sampras, Agassi, Kafelnikov, Becker, Stich, Edberg and more, Graf Navratilova Sanchez Vicario Seles and more as for the females) and start from the bottom of the ranking and the smallest tournaments, with the aim to gain the top position in world rank during a span of 15 years. Available tournaments over a whole year are about three hundreds, but low ranked players can not access main competitions.

Gameplay can be tweaked to more or less simulative through options such as turning fatigue on or off, having the indicators of where our shots and the opponent's will impact on the court displayed or not, different CPU levels (6 in total, from "beginner" to "incredible"), and choosing from Arcade, Simulation, Elite "Controls", which impacts the gameplay, making it easier or harder to do good shots.

Player statistics include parameters for power, consistency, precision, for each of the fundamental shots (forehand, backhand, service), plus for volley play (net presence, forehand and backhand volley, smash), fitness (speed, tonicity, stamina), and special skills (drop shot, lob, counter, stamina); parameters range from 1% to 100%. Doubles can be played with four human players on one computer, or on two computers with two players per computer by LAN or Internet, but not on four computers.

The game was Greenlit on Steam and later released on March 13, 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Greenlit news |url=https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/updates/93033839/1424751341 |access-date=2020-11-06}}</ref>

''Tennis Elbow 2009'' and ''Tennis Elbow 2011'' are versions of ''Tennis Elbow 2013''.<ref name=TE4planning/>

===''Tennis Elbow Manager 2'' (2018)===
This is an updated version of the first Tennis Elbow Manager game. The player becomes a tennis coach and can manage up to 9 players, take care of training sessions, planning, sponsors, team members, and take control of them on the tennis court.

The game also features a full 3D match engine, which lets the player play tennis in the Training Club.

In addition, the player can optionally take the control of your player during the tournament 3D matches.

The match engine is based on the Tennis Elbow 2013 one, already acclaimed by many players as the most realistic tennis game, but with a new & improved physics for the ball, court, strikes & players.

The AI is also greatly improved, with new player strategies and more realistic behaviors.

The game was released early access in the official website on March 8, 2018,<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennis Elbow Manager 2 - Early Version ! |url=https://www.managames.com/Forum/topic11-29241.php|access-date=2020-11-08}}</ref> then on Steam on June 7, 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennis Elbow Manager 2 Steam Page |url=https://store.steampowered.com/app/760630/Tennis_Elbow_Manager_2/ |access-date=2020-11-06}}</ref>

===''Tennis Elbow 4'' ===
This game uses the [[Unity (game engine)|Unity Engine]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Forum response from the dev |url=https://www.managames.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?p=252097#p254920|access-date=2020-11-06}}</ref> It launched on 4th June 2021 in early access.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennis Elbow 4 Planning |url=https://www.managames.com/Forum/topic15-30551.php |access-date=2020-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis Elbow 4 on Steam |url=https://store.steampowered.com/app/760640/Tennis_Elbow_4/ |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=store.steampowered.com |language=en}}</ref> As of April 2025, it is still in early access.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.managames.com/tennis}}
*[http://store.steampowered.com/app/346470 Steam Store Page]

[[Category:1996 video games]]
[[Category:Linux games]]
[[Category:Classic Mac OS games]]
[[Category:Tennis video games]]
[[Category:Video game franchises]]
[[Category:Video games developed in France]]
[[Category:Windows games]]

JADE (programming language)

Waza — Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:20:17 GMT

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{{About|the end-to-end development environment|the Java middleware|Java Agent Development Framework|the Pug (formerly Jade) Javascript templating engine|Comparison of web template engines}}
{{Infobox programming language
| name = JADE
| logo = JADE (programming language) logo.svg
| logo caption = Jade Software corporate logo
| screenshot = 
| screenshot caption =
| sampleCode =
| paradigm = [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]]
| family = [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]: [[Modula-2]]
| designer = 
| developer = Jade Software
| released = 
| latest release version = 2025.0.01 (R1)
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2025}}
| typing = [[Static type|static]], [[Strong and weak typing|strong]], [[Type system#Type safety and memory safety|safe]]
| memory management = [[Garbage collection (computer science)|automatic]]
| scope = [[Scope (computer programming)|lexical]]
| programming language =
| platform = [[x86-64]], [[.NET]]
| operating system = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
| license = [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| file ext =
| file format = 
| website = {{URL|www.jadeworld.com}}
| implementations =
| dialects =
| influenced by = [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]], [[Modula-2]]
| influenced =
}}

'''JADE''' is a proprietary [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]] software development and deployment platform product from the New Zealand-based Jade Software Corporation, first released in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jadeworld.com/who-we-are/ |title=Jade – Who We Are |publisher=[[Jade Software Corporation]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/jade-delivers-version-7-1/|title=Jade Software delivers Jade 7.1|publisher=[[ZDnet]]|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref> It consists of the JADE programming language, [[integrated development environment]] and [[debugger]], integrated [[application server]] and [[object database]] management system.

Designed as an end-to-end development environment to allow systems to be coded in one language from the [[database server]] down to the [[client (computing)|clients]], it also provides application programming interfaces ([[API]]s) for other languages, including [[.NET]] framework,<ref name="dotNET">{{cite web|url=https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU0905/S00125.htm|title=Scoop Independent News – JADE 6.3|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref> [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], and [[Web service]]s.

The JADE platform is dual-[[Software license|licensed]]. For development, the free limited ''Jade Development Licence'' is provided. For deployment, a [[proprietary software]] licence mandates per-process fees.

==Language==
In [[Syntax (programming languages)|syntax]], JADE is very similar to [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]; its syntax is based on the language [[Modula-2]], which was derived from Pascal. While it includes innovations lacking in Pascal or Modula-2, it lacks certain features of other modern object-oriented languages such as [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] and Java.<ref name="obscure">{{Cite news |last=Toady |first=Tim |date=3 June 2009 |title=JADE: Obscure Programming Language of the Month |work=DevTopics |access-date=12 March 2021 |url= https://www.devtopics.com/jade-obscure-programming-language-of-the-month/}}</ref>

JADE is able to import and run [[LINC 4GL]] programs and was initially its core role.

===Programming model===
Like all of the other popular programming languages used to create database-driven software, JADE is fully [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]]. JADE was designed to have all the most important features of object-oriented programming, but does not support overloading of [[Method (computer programming)|methods]] or [[Operator (computer programming)|operators]], and until Jade 2018, lacked parameterised [[Constructor (object-oriented programming)|constructors]].<ref name="obscure"/>

Classes in JADE are kept together in [[logical schema|schemas]]. Schemas serve the same purpose as [[Java package]]s or [[namespace]]s in .NET, but have a hierarchy, and inherit classes from superschemas. This becomes useful especially when programming using the [[model–view–controller]] methodology, as model classes can be put in one schema, then the controller and view classes can be built on top of the model classes in a subschema.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

===Program structure===
JADE programs are developed using a user interface that allows programmers to visually create [[class (computer science)|classes]] and define their properties and methods. Instead of locating methods in large files, programmers select the method they would like to edit and only the code for that particular method is displayed. Also instead of compiling all the code of a program at once, in JADE, each method is compiled individually as soon as the method is completed, meaning code can be checked immediately.

All the code for a JADE application is stored in its object-oriented database. This allows for multi-user development as the database maintains [[concurrency control]], and with each piece of the code being a separate [[Object (computer science)|object]] in the database, it is often possible to [[recode]] a system while it is live and online as long as the parts of the system being changed are not in use.

==Features==
The main goal of JADE was to create a seamlessly integrated programming language that would allow developers to create one application that would go from end-to-end instead of having to write three separate applications for the [[database server]], [[application server]] and [[presentation client]] and then write the code for them to communicate with each other.

===Object database===
The most striking difference between JADE and other object-oriented programming languages is that its [[object database]] is a native part of its language. For example, when creating an object in JADE, it can be created as transient or persistent. Creating an object as ''transient'' is similar to creating objects in other object-oriented programming languages – the object is simply created in memory, and then lost when the program ends. On the other hand, when an object is created as ''persistent'', when the program ends, the object will still exist and be there the next time the program starts up. So, when an object is ''persistent'' JADE automatically works in the background to store and retrieve the object in the database when necessary. Persistent objects can be distributed across multiple co-operating servers, with JADE automatically handling object caching and cache coherency.

There are very few differences between manipulating transient and persistent objects so JADE makes it ''appear'' to the programmer as if all the objects in the entire database were in local memory. Most of the time, JADE's object-oriented database is used in a multi-user system, and so JADE makes it appear to the programmer as if all the objects in the database were stored in shared memory that all users connected to the system can access, even from different computers.

With all of the program code centralised on the database server as well the data, all client nodes can be programmed as if they were running on the database server.

JADE's database is inherently object-oriented, and [[ACID]]-compliant, and has all of the standard features such as atomic transactions, locking, rollback, crash recovery and the ability to keep one or more [[secondary database server]]s synchronised with the main database for backup, disaster recovery and performance reasons.

To interoperate with relational databases for reporting, [[business intelligence]] and [[data warehouse]] purposes JADE since 2010 has provided a "Relational Population Service" that enables automatically replicating objects from its native object-orientated database to one or more [[relational database]]. This feature supports [[Microsoft SQL Server]] versions 2000, 2005 and 2008.

===Three-tier model===
Database-driven software, often uses a [[three-tier (computing)|three-tier]] methodology with applications being split into three tiers – data storage, processing and presentation. In the data storage and processing tiers, JADE systems are a collection of co-operating servers, called [[node (networking)|nodes]], and multiple nodes may be involved in each tier. Each type of node has a different name and all are capable of manipulating objects and executing [[business logic]]. A collection of nodes can be deployed across one or several machines. Database servers handle data storage and can also execute business logic, while application servers handle processing. In a three-tier model, presentation clients provide the user interface. JADE also provides a two-tier client that combines the abilities of an application server and presentation client. Traditionally, these three tiers would be created by combining three programs and having them communicate to form one system. Having the different programs separate like this has many advantages, the main one is that the system becomes scalable, that is, raising the power of the system involves simply adding more nodes.

Designing a system like this gives the programmer a decision to consider every time they want to code in a particular function. They need to decide whether the function would run best on the database server, application server or presentation client before they begin coding as it will be difficult to change that decision once the functionality is coded into one of the tiers.

This is different for JADE applications, as they are coded as one application from end-to-end. When creating a JADE application, the programmer can think as if they were creating a program that will be running on the database server – as if all the data storage, processing and presentation were happening on one computer. When the program runs on three tiers, JADE automatically knows to run all the code by default on the application server, and to send database requests up to the database server and user interface information down to the presentation client. However, it is very easy for the programmer to switch the location at which a particular method is run and move it to a different tier by changing the method signature. Because of this, the decision on where a particular piece of code should run can be made late in the development cycle, and refactoring code to run on different parts of the system ends up being a lot easier because of the way JADE allows end-to-end development of software.

===Types of clients===
Programmers have the facility to allow three different kinds of clients to connect to a JADE system. These three types of clients are named:
* JADE Forms
* HTML Documents
* Web Services

In the same schema, a JADE developer can create many completely separate applications which may provide different interfaces to access the same database.

====JADE Forms====
JADE Forms applications are made up of forms, as the name suggests. Clients need to connect through the JADE Smart [[thin client]] or Standard Client to be able to run applications that use JADE Forms.

The Smart Thin Client works by connecting to an Application Server which generally does all the processing on behalf of the Smart Thin Client, meaning the thin client only needs to be responsible for displaying forms and taking input. This means the computer running the thin client does not have to be a very powerful computer, and it does not require a fast network connection as it is not loading data from the database – JADE thin clients are often run over a dial-up connection. This is the reason they are called thin clients, as there is not a heavy requirement on computational power to run these clients.

The Standard Client is just the Smart Thin Client combined with the Application Server on one machine. In this case, the node running the client does all of the processing as well as the presentation. Standard clients have greater demands on computational power than thin clients, as they must load data from the database as well as do their own processing.

The advantages of using JADE Forms include:
* Out of the three kinds of clients, JADE Forms provide the shortest development time of JADE applications.
* Allows developers to use the same technology end-to-end.
* Smart thin clients can be packaged up so they can be installed and run on client computers in several clicks.

The disadvantages are:
* Cannot reach a worldwide audience as is possible on the World Wide Web.

JADE Forms applications can be executed within a web browser by utilizing the web-enabled mode. The platform automatically generates HTML to replicate the interface forms and [[widget (computing)|controls]], allowing existing applications to be deployed to the web without requiring modification to the underlying code or direct authoring of HTML.

====HTML documents====
JADE supports deployment of applications to the web through its HTML documents feature. These work very similarly to [[ASP.NET]], where developers create templates of HTML pages and leave parts in the template for the program to fill in.

The advantages of using HTML documents are:
* Allows an application to reach a worldwide audience.

The disadvantages are:
* When JADE applications use HTML documents, they are no longer using the same technology from end to end. Checking at the front end of the system may be done through JavaScript for example.
* Offloading some of the processing to front-end clients is no longer as easy or secure.

====Web services====
[[Web service]]s are used to allow different programs to communicate with each other from remote locations in an object-oriented form. Web services cannot be accessed directly by human users. One of the uses of Web services with JADE is to allow other technologies such as .NET or Java to use JADE as the backend object-oriented database. Web services also allow JADE systems to interoperate with services provided by other non-JADE systems.

====Interoperability====
Along with Web services, JADE can also interface with other programs through language APIs (including .NET, Java, C/C++), DLL calls, ActiveX/COM objects and .NET assemblies. This allows other programs to access objects and execute methods, and can be used to provide a different interface to a JADE application. JADE 6.2 provided a Java API, .NET Assembly integration and the ability to run Smart Thin Clients on [[Windows]] Mobile devices. JADE 6.3 provides an API for [[List of CLI languages|.NET languages]].

===Multilingual abilities===
JADE natively supports [[multilingual]] programs.<ref name="Witten 10–23">{{Cite journal |last=Witten |first=Ian H. |last2=Birtwistle |first2=Graham M. |last3=Cleary |first3=John |last4=Hill |first4=David R. |last5=Levinson |first5=Danny |last6=Lomow |first6=Greg |last7=Neal |first7=Radford |last8=Peterson |first8=Murray |last9=Unger |first9=Brian W. |last10=Wyvill |first10=Brian |date=July 1983 |title=Jade: a distributed software prototyping environment |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/850742.850744 |journal=ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review |language=en |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=10–23 |doi=10.1145/850742.850744 |issn=0163-5980|doi-access=free }}</ref> It does this in several ways:
* Strings can be marked as ''translatable'', which means they will be change depending on the current language.
* Many versions of the same form can be created to suit each language. This means interfaces can look entirely different from one language to the next.
* The developer has methods available to access the current [[Locale (computer software)|locale]] of the system and so they can implement their own language-dependent features.

JADE will switch to the language it detects on a system automatically, if that language is provided on the system.<ref name="Witten 10–23"/>

===Portability===
{{As of|2025}}, JADE applications run on Windows only; Linux support was ended. JADE 6.2 allows Smart Thin Clients and a specialised Standard Client to run on Windows Mobile devices.

==Code examples==
In this section are some short examples of JADE code.

===Hello World!===
These are JADE [["Hello, World!" program]]s:


helloWorld();

begin
app.msgBox("Hello, World!", "Hello, World!", MsgBox_OK_Only + MsgBox_Information_Icon);
end;

or

helloWorld();

begin
write "Hello, World!";
end;

==History==
JADE was originally conceived by Sir [[Gilbert Simpson]] and is currently developed by the Jade Software Corporation.<ref name="PrimarySource">[https://www.jadeworld.com/ Jade Software Corporation]</ref>

The first version of JADE was JADE 3, released September 1996.

The current version is JADE 2025, replacing JADE 2022<ref>[https://www.jadeworld.com/jade-platform/latest-platform "Latest version"].</ref>

==See also==
* [[Database management system]]
* [[Object-oriented programming]]
* [[Object database]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|www.jadeworld.com}}
* [https://www.jadeworld.com/developer-center Examples and Tutorials for JADE Programmers]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060319105508/http://www.enterprisenetworksandservers.com/monthly/art.php?1899 JADE 6.1 delivers data replication to Microsoft SQL Server]

[[Category:Algol programming language family]]
[[Category:Concurrent programming languages]]
[[Category:Class-based programming languages]]
[[Category:Data-centric programming languages]]
[[Category:Object-oriented database management systems]]
[[Category:Object-oriented programming languages]]
[[Category:Persistent programming languages]]
[[Category:Programming languages created in 1996]]
[[Category:Software companies of New Zealand]]

[[Category:Articles with example code]]

User:Idea/Review

Waza — Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:18:12 GMT

Waza imported User:Idea/Review by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

New page

These pages were nominated for deletion on English Wikipedia between 7 and 28 October 2026 but were not deleted there. They have been copied into the Archive namespace for review. Each one can be kept here or deleted.

Only the most recent 50 revisions of each page were imported. The full history is still on Wikipedia, and it can be imported later for any page that is kept.

Total: 245 pages.

== Kept (50) ==
* [[Archive:2022 Okmulgee murders|2022 Okmulgee murders]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: killings/violence.
* [[Archive:2026 anti-CEC protests|2026 anti-CEC protests]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K8/M2/R0. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:2026 Eritrean incursion into Ethiopia|2026 Eritrean incursion into Ethiopia]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K17/M4/R0. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:All of Us (2024 TV series)|All of Us (2024 TV series)]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Alpha Plus Group|Alpha Plus Group]]: Kept at AfD, votes D1/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Anonymous proxy|Anonymous proxy]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Anti-Slavic sentiment|Anti-Slavic sentiment]]: Kept at AfD, votes D1/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/racism.
* [[Archive:Aunt|Aunt]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Ayodhya (2005 Tamil film)|Ayodhya (2005 Tamil film)]]: Kept at AfD (speedy keep), votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Bandhan AMC|Bandhan AMC]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Clever (company)|Clever (company)]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K6/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:College football playoff debate|College football playoff debate]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Crown Street, Wollongong|Crown Street, Wollongong]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Dainik Hindusthan|Dainik Hindusthan]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Duck tongue|Duck tongue]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Duke–Georgia Tech football rivalry|Duke–Georgia Tech football rivalry]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Erik Campbell (Final Destination)|Erik Campbell (Final Destination)]]: Kept at AfD, votes D1/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:General Electric Specialty Control Plant|General Electric Specialty Control Plant]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:GenoPro|GenoPro]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hawklords|Hawklords]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:History of the iPhone|History of the iPhone]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K6/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hotcourses Group|Hotcourses Group]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Ichneumon (medieval zoology)|Ichneumon (medieval zoology)]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Isaaq Sultanate|Isaaq Sultanate]]: Kept at AfD (speedy keep), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: clan/ethnicity (mild).
* [[Archive:Lactocyte|Lactocyte]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States|List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of individual dogs|List of individual dogs]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K7/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Little Syria (film)|Little Syria (film)]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:LRQA Group|LRQA Group]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Meta Runner|Meta Runner]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Morărescu Affair|Morărescu Affair]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: massacre.
* [[Archive:Neon Tommy|Neon Tommy]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:NoviSpy|NoviSpy]]: Kept at AfD, votes D1/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/spyware.
* [[Archive:Odogwu|Odogwu]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:OneSpace|OneSpace]]: Kept at AfD (speedy keep), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Out of left field|Out of left field]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Prehistoric Kingdom|Prehistoric Kingdom]]: Kept at AfD, votes D4/K6/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Quantum tic-tac-toe|Quantum tic-tac-toe]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Snow White and the Madness of Truth|Snow White and the Madness of Truth]]: Kept at AfD, votes D1/K5/M2/R0. AdSense: suicide bombing/politics.
* [[Archive:Sokcho Airport|Sokcho Airport]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Star Legends: The Blackstar Chronicles|Star Legends: The Blackstar Chronicles]]: Kept at AfD, votes D1/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Sun-Hwa Kwon|Sun-Hwa Kwon]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Taco trucks on every corner|Taco trucks on every corner]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:Tee|Tee]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Tolkien Black|Tolkien Black]]: Kept at AfD (speedy keep), votes D0/K4/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Training of large language models|Training of large language models]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Uncle|Uncle]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K3/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Verisk Analytics|Verisk Analytics]]: Kept at AfD, votes D2/K9/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Wendy Testaburger|Wendy Testaburger]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:X-Moto|X-Moto]]: Kept at AfD, votes D0/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Merged (46) ==
* [[Archive:2026 ACC Men's Challenger Cup|2026 ACC Men's Challenger Cup]]: Merged at AfD, votes D1/K1/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2026 French fuel protests|2026 French fuel protests]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M4/R0. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:300-page iPhone bill|300-page iPhone bill]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K4/M6/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Argentina v Benin|Argentina v Benin]]: Merged at AfD, votes D3/K3/M9/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Bleez|Bleez]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Blue Water Bridge Authority|Blue Water Bridge Authority]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Bulgarian order of battle in the First Balkan War|Bulgarian order of battle in the First Balkan War]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:Comparator applications|Comparator applications]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Crimeware|Crimeware]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Developmental disorder|Developmental disorder]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M4/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Equinox (comics)|Equinox (comics)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Exercise Franchise For Good Governance|Exercise Franchise For Good Governance]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: politics (mild).
* [[Archive:Fachhochschule|Fachhochschule]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Fly Gibraltar|Fly Gibraltar]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Flying Tiger (Marvel Comics)|Flying Tiger (Marvel Comics)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Gargoyle (comics)|Gargoyle (comics)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Global surveillance by category|Global surveillance by category]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: politics/surveillance.
* [[Archive:Hijacker (comics)|Hijacker (comics)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Douglas (2020)|Hurricane Douglas (2020)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Flossie (2007)|Hurricane Flossie (2007)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Howard (2004)|Hurricane Howard (2004)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M4/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Madeline (2016)|Hurricane Madeline (2016)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Marie (2026)|Hurricane Marie (2026)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Raymond (2013)|Hurricane Raymond (2013)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:International propagation of the Salafi movement and Wahhabism|International propagation of the Salafi movement and Wahhabism]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K2/M1/R0. AdSense: religion/politics.
* [[Archive:LCPS Policy 8655|LCPS Policy 8655]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D1/K0/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Left-Winger|Left-Winger]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Leyland Hippo Mk II|Leyland Hippo Mk II]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: military vehicle (mild).
* [[Archive:Lipkovo crisis|Lipkovo crisis]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:List of Ares (manhwa) characters|List of Ares (manhwa) characters]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M1/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of autonomous areas by country|List of autonomous areas by country]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Littleton (electoral division)|Littleton (electoral division)]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East|May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M7/R0. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:Minori Hanasato|Minori Hanasato]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Operation Dawn of Yemen|Operation Dawn of Yemen]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M5/R0. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:Peninsular Malaysia tornado outbreak of 2014|Peninsular Malaysia tornado outbreak of 2014]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D1/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:People's Defense Force (comics)|People's Defense Force (comics)]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Proof assistant|Proof assistant]]: Merged at AfD (Not Merge), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Reporters' privilege shield laws in the United States|Reporters' privilege shield laws in the United States]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Roughouse|Roughouse]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Security hacker|Security hacker]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Southeastern gentoo penguin|Southeastern gentoo penguin]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Syllis ramosa|Syllis ramosa]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:UKUSA Agreement|UKUSA Agreement]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: intelligence/politics.
* [[Archive:White genocide in South Africa|White genocide in South Africa]]: Merged at AfD (merge selectively), votes D0/K0/M6/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/violence/politics.
* [[Archive:Wilcoxon Award|Wilcoxon Award]]: Merged at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Redirected (27) ==
* [[Archive:2023 Aung Myin Kone–Tada U tornado|2023 Aung Myin Kone–Tada U tornado]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2026 Abbotsford-Mission provincial by-election|2026 Abbotsford-Mission provincial by-election]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K6/M0/R0. AdSense: politics (mild).
* [[Archive:2026 Donald Trump rally in Grand Island|2026 Donald Trump rally in Grand Island]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K2/M0/R4/Dft1. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:32 Battalion (book)|32 Battalion (book)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: military.
* [[Archive:AmigaOS 4 version history|AmigaOS 4 version history]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M2/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Anadrinë offensive|Anadrinë offensive]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M1/R1. AdSense: war.
* [[Archive:Audi/Bentley 90° twin-turbocharged V8 racing engine|Audi/Bentley 90° twin-turbocharged V8 racing engine]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Blue Meanies (Yellow Submarine)|Blue Meanies (Yellow Submarine)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K1/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Clouds Blur the Rainbow|Clouds Blur the Rainbow]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: politics.
* [[Archive:Hansonism|Hansonism]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K3/M2/R2. AdSense: politics/ethnicity.
* [[Archive:Interspecific social behaviour in animals|Interspecific social behaviour in animals]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K1/M3/R0/Dft1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kaplan International Languages|Kaplan International Languages]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R2/Dft1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kelli Presley|Kelli Presley]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of Raruto characters|List of Raruto characters]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M1/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Mercedes-Benz G-Class EV|Mercedes-Benz G-Class EV]]: Redirected at AfD (soft redirect), votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Mumbai Delhi Mumbai|Mumbai Delhi Mumbai]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Music of Dance Dance Revolution (2013–present)|Music of Dance Dance Revolution (2013–present)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D2/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Pamoja AFCON|Pamoja AFCON]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Pencil suit|Pencil suit]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D1/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Quacquarelli Symonds|Quacquarelli Symonds]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Sanki Daroga|Sanki Daroga]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Singapore Mediation Centre|Singapore Mediation Centre]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D3/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Slap the City|Slap the City]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K1/M0/R3. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Stella Maris English School|Stella Maris English School]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R4. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:The Chaotix Casefiles|The Chaotix Casefiles]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K1/M2/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:The Fairy Queen (Fablehaven)|The Fairy Queen (Fablehaven)]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Water scarcity in Iran|Water scarcity in Iran]]: Redirected at AfD, votes D0/K0/M1/R2. AdSense: politics (mild).

== No consensus (2) ==
* [[Archive:AIREV|AIREV]]: No consensus at AfD, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Last Ditch Bar|Last Ditch Bar]]: No consensus at AfD, votes D7/K16/M0/R0. AdSense: alcohol/politics.

== Open, leaning keep (20) ==
* [[Archive:17 October riots|17 October riots]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K11/M4/R0. AdSense: politics/violence.
* [[Archive:Aedinia gens|Aedinia gens]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K5/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Airlines of Africa|Airlines of Africa]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K4/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2463, Smithsonian Institution|American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2463, Smithsonian Institution]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Bernadeth|Bernadeth]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Dimes Square|Dimes Square]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K3/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Education in Amaravati|Education in Amaravati]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K3/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Five-a-side football|Five-a-side football]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Galfoy|Galfoy]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K7/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hugo the Abominable Snowman|Hugo the Abominable Snowman]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Ava|Hurricane Ava]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kosovo: A Moment in Civilization|Kosovo: A Moment in Civilization]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:Potential superpower|Potential superpower]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K4/M1/R1. AdSense: geopolitics (mild).
* [[Archive:RationalWiki|RationalWiki]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K5/M1/R3. AdSense: politics/religion (mild).
* [[Archive:Ronan the Accuser|Ronan the Accuser]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K3/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Square One: Michael Jackson|Square One: Michael Jackson]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: sexual abuse allegations.
* [[Archive:Vogtlandian|Vogtlandian]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Voluntary (music)|Voluntary (music)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:W.D. Gaster|W.D. Gaster]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K7/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Yellowjacket|Yellowjacket]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Open, leaning merge or redirect (51) ==
* [[Archive:2003 Bendigo tornado|2003 Bendigo tornado]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2025 Marion, Illinois tornado|2025 Marion, Illinois tornado]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:2026 Albanian student protests|2026 Albanian student protests]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/violence.
* [[Archive:20th Century Family|20th Century Family]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:3G adoption|3G adoption]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:AACS encryption key controversy|AACS encryption key controversy]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:AI art|AI art]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:American Descendants of Slavery|American Descendants of Slavery]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:Angular mechanics|Angular mechanics]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Athena Capital|Athena Capital]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Autism and LGBTQ people|Autism and LGBTQ people]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: sensitive health/sexuality (mild).
* [[Archive:Box (comics)|Box (comics)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Chaoba Nongthon|Chaoba Nongthon]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Commentary on Edward Snowden's disclosure|Commentary on Edward Snowden's disclosure]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/surveillance.
* [[Archive:Doctor Bedlam|Doctor Bedlam]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Employee benefits in India|Employee benefits in India]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Equity Group Foundation|Equity Group Foundation]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Factor Three|Factor Three]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Flag of the Western Union|Flag of the Western Union]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Giant pandas around the world|Giant pandas around the world]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Google Play Services|Google Play Services]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:HybriCell|HybriCell]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Indian tax forms|Indian tax forms]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Jerry Jaxon|Jerry Jaxon]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan|Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of Asian tornadoes in 2026|List of Asian tornadoes in 2026]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Mommy's Boy (song)|Mommy's Boy (song)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Montenegro: A Land Divided|Montenegro: A Land Divided]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:Newswire|Newswire]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Non-lexical vocables in music|Non-lexical vocables in music]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Peptidein|Peptidein]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Powerhouse (Marvel Comics)|Powerhouse (Marvel Comics)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Principal (academia)|Principal (academia)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Rector (academia)|Rector (academia)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Religion in Louisville, Kentucky|Religion in Louisville, Kentucky]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: religion.
* [[Archive:Resistants|Resistants]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Rock of Oëtre|Rock of Oëtre]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K2/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Skype protocol|Skype protocol]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Snack Foods Limited|Snack Foods Limited]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Spall|Spall]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M2/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Srpska: The Struggle for Freedom|Srpska: The Struggle for Freedom]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: ethnicity/politics.
* [[Archive:The Presumption of Justice|The Presumption of Justice]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: killing.
* [[Archive:The Weight of Chains|The Weight of Chains]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/war.
* [[Archive:The Weight of Chains 3|The Weight of Chains 3]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: war/politics.
* [[Archive:Therapeutic boarding school|Therapeutic boarding school]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M1/R0. AdSense: abuse allegations.
* [[Archive:Vice-chancellor|Vice-chancellor]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Volstagg|Volstagg]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K1/M3/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:York Union|York Union]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record|YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K0/M1/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Zook (character)|Zook (character)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Özel Çevre Koruma Kurumu|Özel Çevre Koruma Kurumu]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K0/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Open, unclear (13) ==
* [[Archive:2026 Yehuda Junction shooting|2026 Yehuda Junction shooting]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: killings/violence.
* [[Archive:Brooklyn Nights|Brooklyn Nights]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Cleversafe Inc.|Cleversafe Inc.]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R1/Dft1. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Drarry|Drarry]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K2/M0/R2. AdSense: sexual fan fiction (mild).
* [[Archive:Huddersfield Cricket League|Huddersfield Cricket League]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Kworb|Kworb]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:List of transcontinental countries|List of transcontinental countries]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Minhaj (app)|Minhaj (app)]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K2/M0/R0. AdSense: religion.
* [[Archive:Muzan Kibutsuji|Muzan Kibutsuji]]: AfD still open, votes D1/K0/M0/R2. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Notwithstanding clause|Notwithstanding clause]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:Patriotic hacking|Patriotic hacking]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: politics/cyberattack.
* [[Archive:Pie in the Sky (game engine)|Pie in the Sky (game engine)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.
* [[Archive:The Bed of Nails (Yes Minister)|The Bed of Nails (Yes Minister)]]: AfD still open, votes D0/K1/M0/R0. AdSense: no concerns.

== Earlier nominations, full history (11) ==
These were nominated before 7 October 2026 and survived as a redirect, merge, or draft. Full history up to the last full article revision was imported.
* [[Archive:2022 United Kingdom floods|2022 United Kingdom floods]]: Moved to Draft space on Wikipedia, 92 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Walking Cricket|Walking Cricket]]: Moved to Draft space on Wikipedia, 112 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:2028 Tesla Roadster|2028 Tesla Roadster]]: Moved to Draft space on Wikipedia, 88 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Religious minorities in Pakistan|Religious minorities in Pakistan]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 757 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tripolitsa massacre|Tripolitsa massacre]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 42 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tornado outbreak of August 9, 1993|Tornado outbreak of August 9, 1993]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 63 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Hurricane Georges tornado outbreak|Hurricane Georges tornado outbreak]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 98 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Koledari|Koledari]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 206 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Effects of Hurricane Beryl in Texas|Effects of Hurricane Beryl in Texas]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 131 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey 3|Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey 3]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 67 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:2006 Central Pacific cyclone|2006 Central Pacific cyclone]]: Redirected or merged on Wikipedia, 207 revisions imported.

== October 30, 2026 batch (14) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Transport in Sydney in the 2010s|Transport in Sydney in the 2010s]]: Survived AfD (no consensus), 50 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Japanese pitch accent rules|Japanese pitch accent rules]]: Survived AfD (keep), 50 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Second Republic of China (Taiwan)|Second Republic of China (Taiwan)]]: Survived AfD (no consensus), 27 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Battle of the Ten Kings|Battle of the Ten Kings]]: Survived AfD (keep), 769 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:2026 Turkish LGBTQ raids|2026 Turkish LGBTQ raids]]: Survived AfD (keep), 134 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tamil Eelam (1984–2009)|Tamil Eelam (1984–2009)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 173 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Hârn (campaign set)|Hârn (campaign set)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 31 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Dororonpa!|Dororonpa!]]: Survived AfD (keep), 22 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Mongrel complex|Mongrel complex]]: Survived AfD (no consensus), 159 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Cingulata|Cingulata]]: Survived AfD (kept/closed), 164 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Egg fried rice protests|Egg fried rice protests]]: Survived AfD (keep), 54 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Homat Torat Yisrael|Homat Torat Yisrael]]: Survived AfD (merge), 18 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Andro (Meitei dialect)|Andro (Meitei dialect)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 20 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Steal an Egg|Steal an Egg]]: Redirected on Wikipedia, 81 revisions imported.

== October 31, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Killswitch (video game)|Killswitch (video game)]]: Survived AfD (keep), 15 revisions imported.

== November 1, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:98.12.28 Otokotachi no Wakare|98.12.28 Otokotachi no Wakare]]: Redirected on Wikipedia, 164 revisions imported.

== November 2, 2026 batch (1) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Malfoid|Malfoid]]: Kept at AfD on Wikipedia, 76 revisions imported.

== November 9, 2026 batch (4) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Dar-e-Nijaat|Dar-e-Nijaat]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn, kept); Pakistani TV drama series, 30 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Tax withholding|Tax withholding]]: Survived AfD (merge into Pay-as-you-earn tax, not yet carried out); taxation, 309 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Torrey Canyon oil spill|Torrey Canyon oil spill]]: Survived AfD (merge with SS Torrey Canyon, not yet carried out); 1967 oil spill, 268 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Amoco Cadiz oil spill|Amoco Cadiz oil spill]]: Survived AfD (merge with Amoco Cadiz, not yet carried out); 1978 oil spill, 112 revisions imported.

== November 10, 2026 batch (4) ==
These survived AfD on Wikipedia (kept, no consensus, merge, or redirect). Imported for your keep-or-delete decision.
* [[Archive:Military budget of the Soviet Union|Military budget of the Soviet Union]]: Survived AfD (kept); Soviet military spending / economics, 60 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Infamy|Infamy]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn by nominator, kept); concept of notoriety, 134 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Linkle|Linkle]]: Survived AfD (speedy keep); Legend of Zelda character, 113 revisions imported.
* [[Archive:Minibods|Minibods]]: Survived AfD (withdrawn), later redirected to Oddbods; children's animated series, 4 revisions imported.

User:Idea/Later

Waza — Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:18:12 GMT

Waza imported User:Idea/Later by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

New page

User:Waza/Added

Waza — Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:18:12 GMT

Waza imported User:Waza/Added by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

Show changes

New

Waza — Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:18:11 GMT

Waza imported New by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

New page

This is a [[lists|list]] of relatively new pages on this wiki. A lot of them can be linked to from other pages, and then removed from here, as appropriate.

=== November 10, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[JADE (programming language)]]
* [[Tennis Elbow (video game)]]
* [[Spanish Caravan]]

=== November 9, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Central European Arc Measurement]]
* [[Legion of Super-Heroes (1994 team)]]
* [[An Afternoon with SCTV]]
* [[OpenTMS]]
* [[Computo (character)]]
* [[Vision Action]]
* [[JS Azazga]]
* [[The Visitors (American band)]]
* [[Schultz's Crab House]]
* [[COER University]]
* [[MC Skat Kat]]
* [[Washington Road]]
* [[Wrightsboro Road]]
* [[Gordon Highway]]
* [[Wheeler Road]]
* [[Family of Ali Imran]]
* [[The Meliorist]]

=== November 8, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Timeline of Earth]]
* [[Ajacan]]
* [[Feline Fuelled Games]]

=== November 7, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Calming signals]]
* [[Continuous binomial distribution]]
* [[ITS Dental College]]
* [[NCKU IMBA]]
* [[Slobbovia]]
* [[Felipe Ángeles (inter-city train)]]

=== November 6, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Southern Evacuation Lifeline]]
* [[Saab Formula Junior]]
* [[(143707) 2003 UY117]]
* [[Greatest Hits (Blazin' Squad album)]]
* [[Holiday (Hanumankind song)]]
* [[The Healthy Indian Project]]

=== November 5, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[International British School of Bucharest]]
* [[Klassisch Football Academy]]
* [[Believe: What Life and Cricket Taught Me]]

=== November 4, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[The Clone Republic]]
* [[Statis Pro Baseball]]
* [[Barese ragù]]
* [[CERN Courier]]
* [[Historic ships network]]
* [[Grassrunners FC]]

=== November 3, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[WebAuthn]]
* [[Defense strategy (computing)]]
* [[Sender ID]]
* [[Hardware keylogger]]
* [[List of Strangehaven characters]]
* [[2019 Stephen F. Austin vs Duke men's basketball game]]
* [[Armpit fart]]

=== November 2, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Tudor IT Process Assessment]]
* [['17 Japan Concert: Say the Name Seventeen]]
* [[KlickEx]]
* [[Carmel School, Chintal Cheru]]

=== November 1, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[References and parodies of Indiana Jones]]
* [[Blaze and Satanus]]
* [[Bulleteer]]
* [[Grey College Boat Club]]
* [[Hybrid Web Cluster]]
* [[Vialect]]
* [[Nucleus Financial]]

=== October 31, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Microbial drug delivery]]
* [[JetBlue Mint]]
* [[INTBAU]]
* [[List of Sonny with a Chance characters]]
* [[List of libraries owned by Skydance]]
* [[Jeannette (comics)]]
* [[Freename]]
* [[ARC Document Solutions]]
* [[Scalphunter (DC Comics)]]
* [[Infomate]]
* [[Flag of the European Coal and Steel Community]]
* [[Scorch (comics)]]
* [[Soviet Mountains]]
* [[Ogre (Marvel Comics)]]
* [[Solarr]]
* [[Auburn–Mississippi State football rivalry]]

=== October 30, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[New Moon: The Graphic Novel]]
* [[Matojo]]
* [[2012 National Reconnaissance Office space telescope donation to NASA]]
* [[Free Speech Flag]]
* [[McDowell & Company Limited v. CTO]]
* [[Indian consumer confidence index]]
* [[Blue Eagle (character)]]
* [[Contextual learning]]
* [[Nesto (company)]]
* [[Emrys Killebrew]]

=== October 29, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Topological drugs]]
* [[List of concepts in Artemis Fowl]]
* [[Mayville State–Valley City State football rivalry]]
* [[Ole Miss–Tennessee football rivalry]]
* [[Indonesia 9–2 Bangladesh]]

=== October 28, 2026, 1:50 PM PST ===

* [[List of Beyond Live shows]]
* [[Clear Rivers]]
* [[Skydance International Networks]]
* [[Family as a model for the state]]
* [[Nexor]]
* [[Silverstripe CMS]]
* [[Mess of pottage]]
* [[Cardero Case]]
* [[National Physical Activity Guidelines]]
* [[Ole Miss–Vanderbilt football rivalry]]
* [[Performance management work]]
* [[Baazəm language]]
* [[Zug (website)]]
* [[10,000,000,000,000]]
* [[Women bead traders in precolonial Lagos]]
* [[Standardized railway station (Württemberg)]]
* [[List of Corner Shop Show characters]]
* [[Game On Expo]]
* [[Dober Chemical Corporation]]
* [[Chicken Republic]]
* [[Citation Group]]
* [[Cleartax]]
* [[Verusco]]
* [[Port (company)]]
* [[Room & Board]]
* [[Museo de los Santos y Arte Nacional]]
* [[Bonita BPM]]
* [[BSA (company)]]
* [[Fynd]]
* [[Sports and Leisure Management]]
* [[Ultimate Motorsport]]
* [[Plush Lop]]
* [[Radio Ink]]
* [[Spike the Bulldog and Chester the Terrier]]
* [[Defunct (video game)]]
* [[Campinas International Film Festival]]
* [[LASK 5-1 Celtic]]
* [[Bay Terrace Shopping Center]]
* [[List of DC Universe (franchise) cast members]]
* [[Excel Central School]]
* [[SUGAM ITR-4S]]
* [[Juba Valley Veterinary Institute]]
* [[MAD School]]
* [[Universal Express Pass]]

=== October 18, 2026, 7:31 PM PST ===

* [[Index of law articles]]

=== October 15, 2026, 7:31 PM PST ===

* [[Rizvi College of Engineering]]

=== October 15, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Texas State Board of Examiners of Psychologists]]

=== October 14, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Art pipeline]]

=== October 13, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Firebolt (company)]]
* [[FreeWave Technologies]]

=== October 12, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Bellevue Education]]

=== October 11, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[PRANA (system)]]

=== October 10, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Eneba]]

=== October 9, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Corinth, Chatham County, North Carolina]]

=== October 8, 2026, 7:31 PM PST ===

* [[Somebody else's problem]]
* [[Expertise finding]]
* [[Government Polytechnic, Chapra]]
* [[Casper metropolitan area]]

=== October 7, 2026, 7:31 PM PST ===

* [[Institute of Apparel Management]]

* [[Learning a paid skill in 90 days]]
* [[How open wikis and the permaweb can map human knowledge]]
* [[Longevity escape velocity]]
* [[Monetizable problem solving]]
* [[Mapping humanity's collective knowledge]]
* [[Agent profiles and a wiki-based agent economy]]
* [[Basic income experiments around the world]]
* [[Areas of research and study to develop]]
* [[Areas of research and study]]
* [[Collaborative learning economy for humans and agents]]
* [[A guide to this wiki for AI agents]]
* [[Proposed pages]]
* [[How to have Grok Bot build and run a small online business]]
* [[Turning a side project into a weekend campaign]]
* [[How to run a personal wiki]]
* [[Making productive work as engaging as games]]
* [[Randori Front]]
* [[The aging thought experiment]]
* [[Turning a wiki into income]]
* [[Agent allowlists for spend and publish]]
* [[Strategies for negligible engineered misery]]
* [[Community-run AI]]
* [[How content hashing works]]
* [[Self-sustaining wikis]]
* [[History of decentralized wikis]]
* [[Page ideas]]
* [[Permanent wiki and Git forges on AO]]
* [[Permissionless rails for agent pay]]
* [[Publish gates before permanence]]
* [[Local-first wiki and Git mirrors]]
* [[Pre-publish checks for MediaWiki and Git]]
* [[Project proposals]]

* [[Post-scarcity economy]]
* [[Agent-to-agent commerce]]

=== October 5, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[St Joseph's School, Roskilde]]
* [[Atharabari M.C. High School]]
* [[Kendua Joyhari Spry Government High School]]
* [[Legazpi City Science High School]]
* [[St. Theresa High School, Belthangady]]
* [[Second encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet]]
* [[British Rail Class 499 (TLV)]]

=== October 5, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[St. Anthony's Senior Secondary School, Udaipur]]
* [[Taste of Asia]]
* [[Sigortaladim Sigorta and Reassurance]]
* [[St. Gregory's Academy]]
* [[Software Distributor]]
* [[Same-store sales]]
* [[Distributive writing]]
* [[Logical Design Works]]
* [[ExamDiff Pro]]

=== October 4, 2026, 7:31 PM PST ===

* [[COTS Productions]]
* [[Fiyoaree School]]
* [[Haa Dhaalu Atoll Education Centre]]
* [[Happy Pet]]
* [[Nedungayil Sankunni Narayanan Matriculation Higher Secondary School]]
* [[Seamfix]]
* [[St. Xavier's School, Nevta]]
* [[Bell Matriculation Higher Secondary School]]
* [[SRV Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Samayapuram]]
* [[Medherant]]
* [[PIXELearning Ltd]]

=== October 4, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Livingbridge]]
* [[ScriptSwitch]]
* [[Fluentify]]
* [[Aero Cuahonte]]
* [[FlyWhoosh]]
* [[Go! Mokulele]]
* [[TV Edwards]]
* [[Maggiano, DiGirolamo & Lizzi]]

=== October 4, 2026, 9:31 AM PST ===

* [[Education in Kollam district]]
* [[List of schools in Ernakulam district]]
* [[Floodgate Entertainment]]
* [[Adoption of the euro in Greece]]
* [[Adoption of the euro in Estonia]]
* [[Amal College of Advanced Studies, Nilambur]]
* [[MediaOne Academy of Communication]]
* [[Coláiste Íde agus Iosef]]
* [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Diu]]
* [[Kendriya Vidyalaya, Kayamkulam]]
* [[Airway Adjunct]]

=== October 3, 2026, 7:31 PM PST ===

* [[Porsche 911 GT4 R]]
* [[Mingle Media TV Network]]
* [[Labs Companies]]
* [[Bonterra]]
* [[Tellent]]
* [[Liberty Airport (New York)]]
* [[Jalan Bandar Sibu]]
* [[Vikas Pre-University College, Mangaluru]]
* [[Zila Parishad School and College]]
* [[Russian Embassy School in Delhi]]
* [[Maria Konopnicka Special Education School Complex]]

=== October 3, 2026, 2:31 PM PST ===

* [[Skydance Corporation]]
* [[BMW 320 TC]]
* [[Cinemax Distribution]]
* [[Abna Dakwa Village]]
* [[Whitesboro Fire Department]]
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Spanish Caravan

Waza — Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:16:16 GMT

Waza imported Spanish Caravan by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

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{{Short description|1968 song by The Doors}}


{{AfDM|page=Spanish Caravan (2nd nomination)|year=2026|month=November|day=10|substed=yes|origtag=afdx|help=off|outcome=redirecting|target=Waiting for the Sun}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2026}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Spanish Caravan
| artist = [[the Doors]]
| album = [[Waiting for the Sun]]
| released = July 3, 1968
| recorded = January 15, 1968 <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Doors Studio Dates & Info |url=https://mildequator.com/recordinghistory/studioinfo.html |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=mildequator.com}}</ref>
| genre = [[Flamenco]] • [[acid rock]]
| length = 2:58
| label = [[Elektra Records|Elektra]]
| writer = The Doors
| producer = [[Paul A. Rothchild]]
}}

"'''Spanish Caravan'''" is a 1968 song written by [[Robby Krieger]], and credited to [[Jim Morrison]], [[Ray Manzarek]], [[Robby Krieger]] and [[John Densmore]] that was released on [[The Doors]]' 1968 album ''[[Waiting for the Sun|Waiting For The Sun]]''.

== Background and recording ==
"Spanish Caravan" was written by Robby Krieger around late 1966.<ref name="mildequator.com-1">{{Cite web |title=The Doors Studio Dates & Info |url=https://mildequator.com/recordinghistory/studioinfo.html |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=mildequator.com}}</ref> He was inspired by, and took parts from the songs, "[[Asturias (Leyenda)|Asturias]]" by [[Isaac Albéniz]], and "[[Adiós Granada]]" by Tomas Barrera, and [[Rafael Calleja]].<ref name="Fanelli2018-1">{{Cite web |last=Fanelli |first=Damian |date=January 8, 2018 |title=Watch Robby Krieger Play The Doors' "Spanish Caravan" with a String Quartet |url=https://www.guitarworld.com/artists/watch-robby-krieger-play-doors-spanish-caravan-la-philharmonic-quartet-flamenco |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=Guitar World |language=en}}</ref> The song was written to showcase Krieger's [[flamenco guitar]] skills, which he started learning when he was 17.<ref name="Weidman2011-1">{{Cite book |last=Weidman |first=Rich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HjPcWkEPSR8C&pg=PT175#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Doors FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Kings of Acid Rock |date=2011-10-01 |publisher=Backbeat Books |isbn=978-1-61713-110-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Songfacts-1" /> According to John Densmore, "In rehearsal, I always asked Robby to play flamenco so I could watch his picking. His right hand looked like a crab with many legs crawling over the strings."<ref name="Weidman2011-1" /><ref name="Densmore1991-1">{{Cite book |last=Densmore |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Riders_on_the_Storm.html?hl=hy&id=FzSNEAAAQBAJ |title=Riders on the Storm: My Life with Jim Morrison and the Doors |date=1991-09-01 |publisher=National Geographic Books |isbn=978-0-385-30447-4 |language=en}}</ref> The song was recorded on January 15, 1968, from 5:00pm-12:00am.<ref name="mildequator.com-1" /> Mixing was done by May 3, 1968.<ref name="mildequator.com-1" />

== Composition ==
The song starts with a [[flamenco]] intro, played by Krieger, and is joined by Harpsichord, played by keyboardist Ray Manzarek, later in the intro. The first verse mentions places like [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], and [[Andalusia]], the southernmost part of Spain. When the chorus ends, the flamenco guitar stops, leading into an [[Acid rock]] instrumental, with use of the fuzz box. The second verse refers to the romanticized, and mythic wealth of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], which attracted many explorers from across [[Europe]].

== Release and reception ==
"Spanish Caravan" was released on July 3, 1968, along with the rest of the ''[[Waiting for the Sun|Waiting For The Sun]]'' album.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Music – The Doors |url=https://thedoors.com/music |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=thedoors.com}}</ref><ref name="mildequator.com-1" /> During an interview with Rainier Moddemann of ''The Doors Quarterly,'' Robby Krieger stated that the band was sued for borrowing from "Asturias." The Doors were forced to give up some money, but only a little. Krieger explained, "They didn't get very much, 'cause it's such a widely known thing, but they claimed they owned this little something stupid."<ref name="Songfacts-1">{{Cite web |last=Songfacts |title=Spanish Caravan by The Doors - Songfacts |url=https://www.songfacts.com/facts/the-doors/spanish-caravan |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=www.songfacts.com |language=en}}</ref> The song was later included in the 1972 compilation ''[[Weird Scenes Inside the Gold Mine|Weird Scenes Inside The Gold Mine]]''.

Pitchfork stated that "Spanish Caravan", and the previous song on the album, "[[The Unknown Soldier (song)|The Unknown Soldier]]", felt more meandering than the band's longest pieces. They then called both songs "start/stop multi-sectional three-minute songs".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berman |first=Stuart |date=December 5, 2006 |title=The Doors: Perception |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/9691-perception/ |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=Pitchfork |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rolling Stone]] called Krieger's flamenco guitar playing "stirring," while [[AllMusic]] called it "interesting."<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Doors: Album Guide {{!}} Rolling Stone Music |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/the-doors/albumguide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907072007/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/the-doors/albumguide |archive-date=2013-09-07 |access-date=2026-11-09 |work=rollingstone.com}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=The Doors: Waiting for the Sun Tracks & Reviews {{!}} AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/waiting-for-the-sun-mw0000193597 |access-date=2026-11-09 |language=en}}</ref> Contrary to the previous 3 opinions, critic Bob Shayne of the L.A. Free Press commented that "Spanish Caravan" included some of the worst lyrics he had ever heard in his life.<ref name="Weidman2011-1" />

== Live performances ==
The first live performance of "Spanish Caravan" was on January 6, 1967, at the [[The Fillmore|Fillmore Auditorium]] in [[San Francisco]].<ref name="Weidman2011-1" /> John Densmore mentioned in his autobiography, "Riders On The Storm" that the people in the first few rows stared at the band like they were from another planet. He also stated, "[During] Robby's solo in 'Spanish Caravan," Jim [Morrison] got down on his knees to get a closer look at Robby's fingers."<ref name="Weidman2011-1" /><ref name="Densmore1991-1" />

The most famous performance was at the [[Hollywood Bowl]], on [[Live at the Hollywood Bowl (The Doors album)|July 5, 1968]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Doors {{!}} Hollywood Bowl 1968 |url=https://mildequator.com/performancehistory/concertinfo/1968/680705.html |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=mildequator.com}}</ref><ref name="Weidman2011-1" /> Other performances include one at the [[Roundhouse (venue)|Roundhouse]] in September of 1968, and the final performance at [[Madison Square Garden]] on January 24, 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Doors {{!}} Madison Square Garden 1969 |url=https://mildequator.com/performancehistory/concertinfo/1969/690124.html |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=mildequator.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Doors {{!}} London - The Roundhouse 1968 Night #1 |url=https://mildequator.com/performancehistory/concertinfo/1968/680906.html |access-date=2026-11-09 |website=mildequator.com}}</ref> As of 2026, Robby Krieger still performs the song on tour, starting around 2010.<ref name="Fanelli2018-1" />

== Personnel ==
Details are taken from the 2019 [[Rhino Records]] reissue liner notes.<ref>{{cite AV media notes |first=Bruce |last=Botnick |author-link=Bruce Botnick |title=Waiting for the Sun |type=liner notes |year=2019 |publisher=[[Rhino Records]] |id=R2-537344}}</ref>

'''The Doors'''

* [[Jim Morrison]]{{snd}}vocals
* [[Ray Manzarek]]{{snd}}[[harpsichord]] and [[Gibson G-101]]
* [[Robby Krieger]]{{snd}}[[Flamenco guitar|flamenco]] and [[electric guitar]]
* [[John Densmore]]{{snd}}drums

'''Additional musicians'''

* [[Doug Lubahn|Douglas Lubahn]] - electric bass
* [[Leroy Vinnegar]] - acoustic bass
'''Technical'''
* [[Paul A. Rothchild]]{{snd}}[[Record producer|production]]
* [[Bruce Botnick]]{{snd}}[[Audio engineer|engineering]]

== References ==
[[Category:The Doors songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Jim Morrison]]
[[Category:Songs written by Robby Krieger]]
[[Category:Songs written by Ray Manzarek]]
[[Category:Songs written by John Densmore]]
[[Category:Song recordings produced by Paul A. Rothchild]]
<references />{{The Doors}}{{The Doors songs}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1968 songs]]

Tennis Elbow (video game)

Waza — Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:16:15 GMT

Waza imported Tennis Elbow (video game) by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

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{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Tennis Elbow (video game)|timestamp=20261110101033|year=2026|month=November|day=10|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{Self-published|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox video game series
| width =
| title = Tennis Elbow
| collapsible =
| state =
| image =
| caption =
| platforms = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Mac OS]], [[Linux]]
| developer = Mana Games
| publisher = Mana Games
| genre = [[Sports game]] ([[tennis]])
| spinoffs = Tennis Elbow Manager
| creator = Emmanuel Rivoire<ref>{{cite web |title= Mana Games: About |url=https://www.managames.com/about_en.html |access-date=2020-11-08}}</ref>
| first release version =
| first release date = November 1996 (Tennis Elbow)
| latest release version =
| latest release date = June 2021 (Tennis Elbow 4)
}}
'''''Tennis Elbow''''' is a series of [[tennis]] [[video game]]s developed by [[France]]-based firm Mana Games. Its first version was released in 1996<ref name="TE4planning">{{Cite web|title=Mana Games • Previsional "Tennis Elbow 4" Planning|url=https://www.managames.com/Forum/topic15-19240.php|access-date=2020-10-23|website=www.managames.com}}</ref> and as of April 2025, the latest game in the series is ''Tennis Elbow 4'', available for Windows, Mac & Linux platforms.

The game is simulation oriented, and is often seen as being the one offering the most realistic tennis experience in term of rallies<ref>{{Cite web|title=TEST. Tennis Elbow 2013 (PC, Mac)|url=http://www.gameblog.fr/tests/1591-tennis-elbow-2013-pc-mac|access-date=2020-10-23|website=Gameblog|date=27 May 2013 |language=fr}}</ref> and tennis sensations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Steam Community :: Tennis Elbow 2013|url=https://steamcommunity.com/app/346470/reviews/?p=1&browsefilter=mostrecent|access-date=2020-10-23|website=steamcommunity.com|language=en}}</ref>

The most noticeable particularity of its gameplay is that the users have to hold down the strike button till their player actually strikes the ball, unlike most other tennis games that require the users to release the strike button earlier.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tennis Elbow 2013 - Full Documentation|url=https://www.managames.com/tennis/doc/Tennis_Elbow-Tennis_Game.html|access-date=2020-10-23|website=www.managames.com}}</ref>

After more than 2 years spent in Steam Greenlight,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Steam Greenlight::Tennis Elbow 2013|url=https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=93033839|access-date=2020-10-23|website=steamcommunity.com|language=en}}</ref> the 2013 version was released on [[Steam (service)|Steam]] on March 13, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Green|first=Shaun|date=2015-03-16|title=Tennis Elbow 2013 Served To Steam; Demo Available|url=https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2015/03/16/tennis-elbow-2013-served-to-steam-demo-available/|access-date=2020-10-23|website=Rock, Paper, Shotgun|language=en-US}}</ref> The game is regularly updated and as of July 2018 has seen 10 major updates for the 2013 edition.{{fact|date=August 2022}}

The latest game is called ''Tennis Elbow 4'' and its early version was planned for 2019.<ref name=TE4planning/> It was released on 4 June 2021, and is in early access as of April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Save 20% on Tennis Elbow 4 on Steam |url=https://store.steampowered.com/app/760640/Tennis_Elbow_4/ |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=store.steampowered.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Games==
===''Tennis Elbow'' (1997)===
The first release in the series allows players to compete in a World Tour of 90 events against 250 players. Single matches can be dirty up and dirty down (two against one) as well as the more conventional singles and doubles. Grass, clay, flexi and cement courts are featured. Action replays can be viewed in slow motion, fast speed, and rewound.

Players can be defined as volleyers, defenders, punchers or varied, with definable kit colours and playing abilities. As you play the game, your player’s ability improves, resulting in faster and more accurate serves as well as faster running and bigger jumps.

The action is viewed from a 3rd-person angle, and side changes are optional. Two buttons are used in combination with directional presses to make slices, 3 different types of lob, and subtle drop shots.

''Tennis Elbow 2004'' is an enhanced Windows port of the original Tennis Elbow.<ref name=TE4planning/>

===''Tennis Elbow 2006'' (2006)===
Tennis Elbow 2006 allows players to compete in a World Tour of 125 events against 300 players. Both the entry and Champions' Race ranking systems are incorporated - the former covering the last 52 weeks and the latter being fixed over a single calendar year.

Single matches can be two against one, as well as the more conventional singles and doubles. Network and internet play is offered. There are seven distinct court types - clay, grass, hard, blue-green hard, synthetic, indoor hard and indoor synthetic. Action replays can be viewed in slow motion, fast speed, and rewound.

Players can be defined as volleyers, defenders, punchers or varied, with definable kit colours and playing abilities. As you play the game, your player’s ability improves - by more if your lose. Assign these points for faster and more accurate serves as well as faster running and bigger jumps.

The action is viewed from a 3rd-person angle, and side changes are optional. Two buttons are used in combination with directional presses to make slices, 3 different types of lob, and subtle drop shots.

===''Tennis Elbow Manager'' (2007)===
In this tennis manager game, the player takes control of a tennis coach and his player, and the goal is to reach the number one ranking in the world, to stay there as long as possible and win as many Grand Slam titles as possible.

*Men or Women Tour
*3500 players evolving over 38 years, from 1990 to 2027
*More than 300 tournaments
*World Team Cup and Masters Cup
*Singles & doubles
*Up to 4 coached players
*5 difficulty levels
*Full ranking system (like the entry one from ATP)
*In-game languages : English, French, Deutsch, Croatian, Italian, Dutch

The game was Greenlit on Steam and later released on October 14, 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennis Elbow Manager Steam Page |url=https://store.steampowered.com/app/528110/Tennis_Elbow_Manager/|access-date=2020-11-08}}</ref>

===''Tennis Elbow 2013'' (2013)===
Tennis Elbow 2013 follows the previous instalments in the Tennis Elbow series. It is described as an updated version of the previous title Tennis Elbow 2011 and it is provided for free to owners of that game. It features a simulative approach to tennis, and offers, along with local and online multiplayer, three singleplayer modes: training, single match, and World Tour, a career mode.

The World Tour sees you play with your created player, or an existing one (there are several dozens of real-world unlicensed famous and less famous, including — as to the males — Sampras, Agassi, Kafelnikov, Becker, Stich, Edberg and more, Graf Navratilova Sanchez Vicario Seles and more as for the females) and start from the bottom of the ranking and the smallest tournaments, with the aim to gain the top position in world rank during a span of 15 years. Available tournaments over a whole year are about three hundreds, but low ranked players can not access main competitions.

Gameplay can be tweaked to more or less simulative through options such as turning fatigue on or off, having the indicators of where our shots and the opponent's will impact on the court displayed or not, different CPU levels (6 in total, from "beginner" to "incredible"), and choosing from Arcade, Simulation, Elite "Controls", which impacts the gameplay, making it easier or harder to do good shots.

Player statistics include parameters for power, consistency, precision, for each of the fundamental shots (forehand, backhand, service), plus for volley play (net presence, forehand and backhand volley, smash), fitness (speed, tonicity, stamina), and special skills (drop shot, lob, counter, stamina); parameters range from 1% to 100%. Doubles can be played with four human players on one computer, or on two computers with two players per computer by LAN or Internet, but not on four computers.

The game was Greenlit on Steam and later released on March 13, 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Greenlit news |url=https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/updates/93033839/1424751341 |access-date=2020-11-06}}</ref>

''Tennis Elbow 2009'' and ''Tennis Elbow 2011'' are versions of ''Tennis Elbow 2013''.<ref name=TE4planning/>

===''Tennis Elbow Manager 2'' (2018)===
This is an updated version of the first Tennis Elbow Manager game. The player becomes a tennis coach and can manage up to 9 players, take care of training sessions, planning, sponsors, team members, and take control of them on the tennis court.

The game also features a full 3D match engine, which lets the player play tennis in the Training Club.

In addition, the player can optionally take the control of your player during the tournament 3D matches.

The match engine is based on the Tennis Elbow 2013 one, already acclaimed by many players as the most realistic tennis game, but with a new & improved physics for the ball, court, strikes & players.

The AI is also greatly improved, with new player strategies and more realistic behaviors.

The game was released early access in the official website on March 8, 2018,<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennis Elbow Manager 2 - Early Version ! |url=https://www.managames.com/Forum/topic11-29241.php|access-date=2020-11-08}}</ref> then on Steam on June 7, 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennis Elbow Manager 2 Steam Page |url=https://store.steampowered.com/app/760630/Tennis_Elbow_Manager_2/ |access-date=2020-11-06}}</ref>

===''Tennis Elbow 4'' ===
This game uses the [[Unity (game engine)|Unity Engine]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Forum response from the dev |url=https://www.managames.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?p=252097#p254920|access-date=2020-11-06}}</ref> It launched on 4th June 2021 in early access.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tennis Elbow 4 Planning |url=https://www.managames.com/Forum/topic15-30551.php |access-date=2020-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis Elbow 4 on Steam |url=https://store.steampowered.com/app/760640/Tennis_Elbow_4/ |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=store.steampowered.com |language=en}}</ref> As of April 2025, it is still in early access.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.managames.com/tennis}}
*[http://store.steampowered.com/app/346470 Steam Store Page]

[[Category:1996 video games]]
[[Category:Linux games]]
[[Category:Classic Mac OS games]]
[[Category:Tennis video games]]
[[Category:Video game franchises]]
[[Category:Video games developed in France]]
[[Category:Windows games]]

JADE (programming language)

Waza — Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:16:15 GMT

Waza imported JADE (programming language) by file upload (1 revision) Apply cleanup edits

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{{Short description|Software development and deployment platform}}
{{About|the end-to-end development environment|the Java middleware|Java Agent Development Framework|the Pug (formerly Jade) Javascript templating engine|Comparison of web template engines}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=JADE (programming language)|timestamp=20261110123323|year=2026|month=November|day=10|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{Multiple issues|
{{Update|talk=Article requires updating|date=December 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2012}}
{{Primary sources|date=December 2012}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox programming language
| name = JADE
| logo = JADE (programming language) logo.svg
| logo caption = Jade Software corporate logo
| screenshot = 
| screenshot caption =
| sampleCode =
| paradigm = [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]]
| family = [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]: [[Modula-2]]
| designer = 
| developer = Jade Software
| released = 
| latest release version = 2025.0.01 (R1)
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2025}}
| typing = [[Static type|static]], [[Strong and weak typing|strong]], [[Type system#Type safety and memory safety|safe]]
| memory management = [[Garbage collection (computer science)|automatic]]
| scope = [[Scope (computer programming)|lexical]]
| programming language =
| platform = [[x86-64]], [[.NET]]
| operating system = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
| license = [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| file ext =
| file format = 
| website = {{URL|www.jadeworld.com}}
| implementations =
| dialects =
| influenced by = [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]], [[Modula-2]]
| influenced =
}}

'''JADE''' is a proprietary [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]] software development and deployment platform product from the New Zealand-based Jade Software Corporation, first released in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jadeworld.com/who-we-are/ |title=Jade – Who We Are |publisher=[[Jade Software Corporation]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/jade-delivers-version-7-1/|title=Jade Software delivers Jade 7.1|publisher=[[ZDnet]]|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref> It consists of the JADE programming language, [[integrated development environment]] and [[debugger]], integrated [[application server]] and [[object database]] management system.

Designed as an end-to-end development environment to allow systems to be coded in one language from the [[database server]] down to the [[client (computing)|clients]], it also provides application programming interfaces ([[API]]s) for other languages, including [[.NET]] framework,<ref name="dotNET">{{cite web|url=https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU0905/S00125.htm|title=Scoop Independent News – JADE 6.3|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref> [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], and [[Web service]]s.

The JADE platform is dual-[[Software license|licensed]]. For development, the free limited ''Jade Development Licence'' is provided. For deployment, a [[proprietary software]] licence mandates per-process fees.

==Language==
In [[Syntax (programming languages)|syntax]], JADE is very similar to [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]; its syntax is based on the language [[Modula-2]], which was derived from Pascal. While it includes innovations lacking in Pascal or Modula-2, it lacks certain features of other modern object-oriented languages such as [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] and Java.<ref name="obscure">{{Cite news |last=Toady |first=Tim |date=3 June 2009 |title=JADE: Obscure Programming Language of the Month |work=DevTopics |access-date=12 March 2021 |url= https://www.devtopics.com/jade-obscure-programming-language-of-the-month/}}</ref>

JADE is able to import and run [[LINC 4GL]] programs and was initially its core role.

===Programming model===
Like all of the other popular programming languages used to create database-driven software, JADE is fully [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]]. JADE was designed to have all the most important features of object-oriented programming, but does not support overloading of [[Method (computer programming)|methods]] or [[Operator (computer programming)|operators]], and until Jade 2018, lacked parameterised [[Constructor (object-oriented programming)|constructors]].<ref name="obscure"/>

Classes in JADE are kept together in [[logical schema|schemas]]. Schemas serve the same purpose as [[Java package]]s or [[namespace]]s in .NET, but have a hierarchy, and inherit classes from superschemas. This becomes useful especially when programming using the [[model–view–controller]] methodology, as model classes can be put in one schema, then the controller and view classes can be built on top of the model classes in a subschema.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

===Program structure===
JADE programs are developed using a user interface that allows programmers to visually create [[class (computer science)|classes]] and define their properties and methods. Instead of locating methods in large files, programmers select the method they would like to edit and only the code for that particular method is displayed. Also instead of compiling all the code of a program at once, in JADE, each method is compiled individually as soon as the method is completed, meaning code can be checked immediately.

All the code for a JADE application is stored in its object-oriented database. This allows for multi-user development as the database maintains [[concurrency control]], and with each piece of the code being a separate [[Object (computer science)|object]] in the database, it is often possible to [[recode]] a system while it is live and online as long as the parts of the system being changed are not in use.

==Features==
The main goal of JADE was to create a seamlessly integrated programming language that would allow developers to create one application that would go from end-to-end instead of having to write three separate applications for the [[database server]], [[application server]] and [[presentation client]] and then write the code for them to communicate with each other.

===Object database===
The most striking difference between JADE and other object-oriented programming languages is that its [[object database]] is a native part of its language. For example, when creating an object in JADE, it can be created as transient or persistent. Creating an object as ''transient'' is similar to creating objects in other object-oriented programming languages – the object is simply created in memory, and then lost when the program ends. On the other hand, when an object is created as ''persistent'', when the program ends, the object will still exist and be there the next time the program starts up. So, when an object is ''persistent'' JADE automatically works in the background to store and retrieve the object in the database when necessary. Persistent objects can be distributed across multiple co-operating servers, with JADE automatically handling object caching and cache coherency.

There are very few differences between manipulating transient and persistent objects so JADE makes it ''appear'' to the programmer as if all the objects in the entire database were in local memory. Most of the time, JADE's object-oriented database is used in a multi-user system, and so JADE makes it appear to the programmer as if all the objects in the database were stored in shared memory that all users connected to the system can access, even from different computers.

With all of the program code centralised on the database server as well the data, all client nodes can be programmed as if they were running on the database server.

JADE's database is inherently object-oriented, and [[ACID]]-compliant, and has all of the standard features such as atomic transactions, locking, rollback, crash recovery and the ability to keep one or more [[secondary database server]]s synchronised with the main database for backup, disaster recovery and performance reasons.

To interoperate with relational databases for reporting, [[business intelligence]] and [[data warehouse]] purposes JADE since 2010 has provided a "Relational Population Service" that enables automatically replicating objects from its native object-orientated database to one or more [[relational database]]. This feature supports [[Microsoft SQL Server]] versions 2000, 2005 and 2008.

===Three-tier model===
Database-driven software, often uses a [[three-tier (computing)|three-tier]] methodology with applications being split into three tiers – data storage, processing and presentation. In the data storage and processing tiers, JADE systems are a collection of co-operating servers, called [[node (networking)|nodes]], and multiple nodes may be involved in each tier. Each type of node has a different name and all are capable of manipulating objects and executing [[business logic]]. A collection of nodes can be deployed across one or several machines. Database servers handle data storage and can also execute business logic, while application servers handle processing. In a three-tier model, presentation clients provide the user interface. JADE also provides a two-tier client that combines the abilities of an application server and presentation client. Traditionally, these three tiers would be created by combining three programs and having them communicate to form one system. Having the different programs separate like this has many advantages, the main one is that the system becomes scalable, that is, raising the power of the system involves simply adding more nodes.

Designing a system like this gives the programmer a decision to consider every time they want to code in a particular function. They need to decide whether the function would run best on the database server, application server or presentation client before they begin coding as it will be difficult to change that decision once the functionality is coded into one of the tiers.

This is different for JADE applications, as they are coded as one application from end-to-end. When creating a JADE application, the programmer can think as if they were creating a program that will be running on the database server – as if all the data storage, processing and presentation were happening on one computer. When the program runs on three tiers, JADE automatically knows to run all the code by default on the application server, and to send database requests up to the database server and user interface information down to the presentation client. However, it is very easy for the programmer to switch the location at which a particular method is run and move it to a different tier by changing the method signature. Because of this, the decision on where a particular piece of code should run can be made late in the development cycle, and refactoring code to run on different parts of the system ends up being a lot easier because of the way JADE allows end-to-end development of software.

===Types of clients===
Programmers have the facility to allow three different kinds of clients to connect to a JADE system. These three types of clients are named:
* JADE Forms
* HTML Documents
* Web Services

In the same schema, a JADE developer can create many completely separate applications which may provide different interfaces to access the same database.

====JADE Forms====
JADE Forms applications are made up of forms, as the name suggests. Clients need to connect through the JADE Smart [[thin client]] or Standard Client to be able to run applications that use JADE Forms.

The Smart Thin Client works by connecting to an Application Server which generally does all the processing on behalf of the Smart Thin Client, meaning the thin client only needs to be responsible for displaying forms and taking input. This means the computer running the thin client does not have to be a very powerful computer, and it does not require a fast network connection as it is not loading data from the database – JADE thin clients are often run over a dial-up connection. This is the reason they are called thin clients, as there is not a heavy requirement on computational power to run these clients.

The Standard Client is just the Smart Thin Client combined with the Application Server on one machine. In this case, the node running the client does all of the processing as well as the presentation. Standard clients have greater demands on computational power than thin clients, as they must load data from the database as well as do their own processing.

The advantages of using JADE Forms include:
* Out of the three kinds of clients, JADE Forms provide the shortest development time of JADE applications.
* Allows developers to use the same technology end-to-end.
* Smart thin clients can be packaged up so they can be installed and run on client computers in several clicks.

The disadvantages are:
* Cannot reach a worldwide audience as is possible on the World Wide Web.

JADE Forms applications can be executed within a web browser by utilizing the web-enabled mode. The platform automatically generates HTML to replicate the interface forms and [[widget (computing)|controls]], allowing existing applications to be deployed to the web without requiring modification to the underlying code or direct authoring of HTML.

====HTML documents====
JADE supports deployment of applications to the web through its HTML documents feature. These work very similarly to [[ASP.NET]], where developers create templates of HTML pages and leave parts in the template for the program to fill in.

The advantages of using HTML documents are:
* Allows an application to reach a worldwide audience.

The disadvantages are:
* When JADE applications use HTML documents, they are no longer using the same technology from end to end. Checking at the front end of the system may be done through JavaScript for example.
* Offloading some of the processing to front-end clients is no longer as easy or secure.

====Web services====
[[Web service]]s are used to allow different programs to communicate with each other from remote locations in an object-oriented form. Web services cannot be accessed directly by human users. One of the uses of Web services with JADE is to allow other technologies such as .NET or Java to use JADE as the backend object-oriented database. Web services also allow JADE systems to interoperate with services provided by other non-JADE systems.

====Interoperability====
Along with Web services, JADE can also interface with other programs through language APIs (including .NET, Java, C/C++), DLL calls, ActiveX/COM objects and .NET assemblies. This allows other programs to access objects and execute methods, and can be used to provide a different interface to a JADE application. JADE 6.2 provided a Java API, .NET Assembly integration and the ability to run Smart Thin Clients on [[Windows]] Mobile devices. JADE 6.3 provides an API for [[List of CLI languages|.NET languages]].

===Multilingual abilities===
JADE natively supports [[multilingual]] programs.<ref name="Witten 10–23">{{Cite journal |last=Witten |first=Ian H. |last2=Birtwistle |first2=Graham M. |last3=Cleary |first3=John |last4=Hill |first4=David R. |last5=Levinson |first5=Danny |last6=Lomow |first6=Greg |last7=Neal |first7=Radford |last8=Peterson |first8=Murray |last9=Unger |first9=Brian W. |last10=Wyvill |first10=Brian |date=July 1983 |title=Jade: a distributed software prototyping environment |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/850742.850744 |journal=ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review |language=en |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=10–23 |doi=10.1145/850742.850744 |issn=0163-5980|doi-access=free }}</ref> It does this in several ways:
* Strings can be marked as ''translatable'', which means they will be change depending on the current language.
* Many versions of the same form can be created to suit each language. This means interfaces can look entirely different from one language to the next.
* The developer has methods available to access the current [[Locale (computer software)|locale]] of the system and so they can implement their own language-dependent features.

JADE will switch to the language it detects on a system automatically, if that language is provided on the system.<ref name="Witten 10–23"/>

===Portability===
{{As of|2025}}, JADE applications run on Windows only; Linux support was ended. JADE 6.2 allows Smart Thin Clients and a specialised Standard Client to run on Windows Mobile devices.

==Code examples==
In this section are some short examples of JADE code.

===Hello World!===
These are JADE [["Hello, World!" program]]s:


helloWorld();

begin
app.msgBox("Hello, World!", "Hello, World!", MsgBox_OK_Only + MsgBox_Information_Icon);
end;

or

helloWorld();

begin
write "Hello, World!";
end;

==History==
JADE was originally conceived by Sir [[Gilbert Simpson]] and is currently developed by the Jade Software Corporation.<ref name="PrimarySource">[https://www.jadeworld.com/ Jade Software Corporation]</ref>

The first version of JADE was JADE 3, released September 1996.

The current version is JADE 2025, replacing JADE 2022<ref>[https://www.jadeworld.com/jade-platform/latest-platform "Latest version"].</ref>

==See also==
* [[Database management system]]
* [[Object-oriented programming]]
* [[Object database]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|www.jadeworld.com}}
* [https://www.jadeworld.com/developer-center Examples and Tutorials for JADE Programmers]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060319105508/http://www.enterprisenetworksandservers.com/monthly/art.php?1899 JADE 6.1 delivers data replication to Microsoft SQL Server]

[[Category:Algol programming language family]]
[[Category:Concurrent programming languages]]
[[Category:Class-based programming languages]]
[[Category:Data-centric programming languages]]
[[Category:Object-oriented database management systems]]
[[Category:Object-oriented programming languages]]
[[Category:Persistent programming languages]]
[[Category:Programming languages created in 1996]]
[[Category:Software companies of New Zealand]]

[[Category:Articles with example code]]

Archive:Minibods

Waza — Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:13:51 GMT

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'''''Minibods''''' is an Singaporean-British-American computer-animated comedy television series produced by Moonbug Entertainment. As a learning-focused, preschool-centered spin-off of the ''[[Oddbods]]'', it features five of the original characters as adorable toddlers alongside a brand new friend. Like its predecessor, it is a non-dialogue slapstick series where characters communicate entirely through expressive gestures, physical comedy, and silly gibberish sounds.

The show officially premiered on April 15, 2023, on its dedicated YouTube channel, inviting a brand-new generation of viewers into the whimsical world of the Land of Odd.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/meet-minibods-preschooler-youtube-obsession-151213373.html|title=Meet Minibods, Your Preschooler's New YouTube Obsession|author=Erica Rivera|publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=20 April 2023|accessdate=30 August 2023}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The series feature the 5 Oddbods, Pogo, Jeff, Bubbles, Fuse and Newt as toddlers, along with a new character, Lulu. Instead of living on Oddsville, the Minibods live in the fantastical Land of Odd. Here, they have a lot of adventures (and misadventures) around the Bodpod.

== Characters ==
* Fuse (voiced by Marlon Dance-Hooi): is a red, energetic, and strongest member of the group, he is known for his fiery temperament, love for sports—especially skating—and ability to lift almost anything. Despite his aggressive outbursts, he is kind-hearted and sometimes scared, relying on friends. He was part of the characters alongside Jeff, Pogo, Bubbles, Lulu and Newt.
* Pogo (voiced by Marlon Dance-Hooi): is a mischievous blue Minibod that always be as a playful prankster who likes to makes his friends laugh. As a younger version of the character from Oddbods, he is characterized by his high energy, love for food, and dislike of being bored. He always likes pranks, mostly making his friends look funny.
* Bubbles (voiced by Chio Su Ping): is a yellow, brainy, and adventurous female character recognized as the smartest of the group. Bubbles loves science, experiments, and building gadgets to solve problems. She is often described as both brave and curious. As she likes science, she is proud of the female characters, alongside Newt and Lulu.
* Jeff (voiced by Jeremy Linn): is a obsessed with order, cleanliness, and his feather duster, often acting as a "super cleaner" who enjoys reading, baking cupcakes, and playing with clay in the Land of Odd.
* Lulu (voiced by Lucy Capri): is a caring Minibod that she loves singing, her bunny plush named Binky, and she describes as a fashionable, and a lover of enthusiastic personality. As the youngest, she often learns through new experiences, such as her beginner football skills. She has a strong friendship with Bubbles, who often helps her. Despite her friends, she watches everyone sing in her own concert. She also share friendships to the Minibods, who often loves her bunny plush.
* Newt (voiced by Nadia Ramlee): is a sweet, innocent, and girly pink character known for her love of technology, taking selfies, and caring for her friends. As one of the main characters, she is often described as the "sweetest" of the group, enjoying gardening, dancing/twirling, and candy, though she can be stubborn when pursuing a goal. She spends time with Bubbles, Lulu, Fuse, Jeff and Pogo. Although she may not be bored, she likes anything she needs.

== Production ==
In an Oddbods compilation from May 7, 2022, the designs of Fuse, Bubbles, and Pogo from this show was teased.

During production, the official channel was made in November 16, 2022. The series was announced in April 8, 2023 and premiered a week later,

in April 15 of the same year. Before Minibods existed, there existed various shorts featuring the young Oddbods, and even two The Oddbods Show episodes, The Oddfather and Bubble Trouble.

==References==
<references />

Archive:Linkle

Waza — Tue, 10 Nov 2026 23:12:41 GMT

Waza imported Archive:Linkle by file upload (113 revisions) Import with full history

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{{Short description|Character from The Legend of Zelda}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Linkle
| image = File:Linkle Crossbow - HW.png
| image_upright = 0.66
| caption = Linkle, as she appears in ''[[Hyrule Warriors]]''
| series = [[The Legend of Zelda]]
| first_game = ''[[Hyrule Warriors Legends]]'' (2016)
| designer = Chris Pranger
| voice = [[Mikako Komatsu]]
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Linkle'''|リンクル|Rinkuru|lead=yes}} is a fictional character who appears in various versions of ''[[Hyrule Warriors]]'', a non-canon spin-off title in [[Nintendo]]'s ''[[The Legend of Zelda]]'' series, starting with the 2016 [[Nintendo 3DS]] release of ''Hyrule Warriors Legends''. She was originally featured in concept art for ''Hyrule Warriors'', and was conceived as [[Link (The Legend of Zelda)|Link]]'s sister, though this idea was rejected by ''The Legend of Zelda'' designer [[Eiji Aonuma]] who felt this conflicted with Link's sister, Aryll, in ''[[The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker]]''.

The decision to include her in ''Hyrule Warriors Legends'' was due to a strong response to the concept art. Reception towards Linkle was generally positive, though it was mixed across different groups. Western fans showed more excitement for her than Japanese fans. There were also disagreements with regard to how Linkle was executed, namely with the concept of a female Link.

==Concept and creation==
Concept artwork of Linkle wielding a red and silver crossbow was first seen in the official art book for ''[[Hyrule Warriors]]'', with a note that a [[Gender flip|female Link]] was considered for the game.<ref name="eg2"/> A later tweet from ''Hyrule Warriors'' developer [[Koei Tecmo]]'s [[Twitter]] account pondered whether they should include her due to the attention she received.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.siliconera.com/2014/08/28/female-link-rejected-character-hyrule-warriors/ |title=Koei Tecmo Ponder If They Should Have Included Female Link In Hyrule Warriors |work=Siliconera |author=Sato |date=August 28, 2014 |accessdate=October 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529014946/https://www.siliconera.com/2014/08/28/female-link-rejected-character-hyrule-warriors/ |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> A trailer for the [[Nintendo 3DS]] re-release ''[[Hyrule Warriors Legends]]'' showed a red-and-silver crossbow, prompting speculation that she would be added in this version.<ref name="eg2">{{cite web |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-06-11-nintendo-fans-think-female-link-is-in-hyrule-warriors-3ds |title=Nintendo fans think female Link is in Hyrule Warriors 3DS |work=[[Eurogamer]] |last=Phillips |first=Tom |date=June 11, 2015 |accessdate=October 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529014943/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-06-11-nintendo-fans-think-female-link-is-in-hyrule-warriors-3ds |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Linkle was officially revealed for ''Legends'' in November 2015, complete with attire similar to ''[[The Legend of Zelda]]'' series protagonist [[Link (The Legend of Zelda)|Link]].

While Linkle does not have any relation to Link, she was originally meant to be his sister. This was proposed by ''Hyrule Warriors'' designers at [[Koei Tecmo]], but ''The Legend of Zelda'' franchise designer [[Eiji Aonuma]] felt that this conflicted with Link's sister Aryll in ''[[The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker]]'', who is the only sister he has in the series. Linkle was designed in part to add greater diversity to the game.<ref name="eg">{{cite web |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-12-09-hyrule-warriors-linkle-was-originally-links-sister |title=Hyrule Warriors' Linkle was originally Link's sister |work=[[Eurogamer]] |last=Phillips |first=Tom |date=December 9, 2015 |accessdate=October 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529014943/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2015-12-09-hyrule-warriors-linkle-was-originally-links-sister |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> She is the last character written by Chris Pranger before leaving Nintendo, with Pranger stating that he "wanted her to be special."<ref>{{cite tweet |number=664952903816249344 |user=TheChrisPranger |title=Linkle was the last character i was writing for before I left Nintendo. I wanted her to be special. I think everyone is gonna love her. |date=November 12, 2015 |accessdate=January 19, 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116032734/https://twitter.com/TheChrisPranger/status/664952903816249344 |archivedate=November 16, 2015}}</ref> A scene where Linkle rescues [[Tingle (character)|Tingle]] from [[Ghirahim]] was cut from the final game due to the designers feeling like it clashed with Linkle's heroic attributes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96Vf08ImYJk&feature=youtu.be&t=20m7s |title=Hyrule Warriors Legends – WonderCon Developer Panel |work=Nintendo of America |date=2016 |accessdate=January 19, 2024 |archive-date=January 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119223400/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96Vf08ImYJk&feature=youtu.be&t=20m7s |url-status=live }}</ref> When asked if she would appear in future games, Aonuma remarked that they would keep her in mind.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.siliconera.com/2015/12/09/linkle-may-show-future-zelda-games/ |title=Linkle May Show Up In Future The Legend of Zelda Games |work=Siliconera |author=Casey |date=December 9, 2015 |accessdate=October 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529014945/https://www.siliconera.com/2015/12/09/linkle-may-show-future-zelda-games/ |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> She is described as "boundlessly cheerful", kind and naive, and "she always stops to help those in need".<ref name=":0"/> She is voiced by [[Mikako Komatsu]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Linkle |url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/video-games/Hyrule-Warriors/Linkle/ |website=Behind the Voice Actors |access-date=8 November 2023 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108173539/https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/video-games/Hyrule-Warriors/Linkle/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Appearances==
Linkle's only official appearance is as a playable character in the 2016 video game ''Hyrule Warriors Legends'', an expanded re-release of the original ''[[Hyrule Warriors]]'',<ref name=":0" /> as well as its [[Nintendo Switch]] port, ''Hyrule Warriors: Definitive Edition''.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Carter|first1=Chris|title=Hyrule Warriors confirmed for Switch in 'Definitive Edition' form|url=https://www.destructoid.com/hyrule-warriors-confirmed-for-switch-in-definitive-edition-form-481999.phtml|website=Destructoid|date=January 11, 2018|access-date=11 January 2018|archive-date=March 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316193627/https://www.destructoid.com/hyrule-warriors-confirmed-for-switch-in-definitive-edition-form-481999.phtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Linkle lives in a small village in [[Hyrule]] and cares for [[Cucco]]s, aspiring to be a hero from her childhood due to a compass from her Grandmother that has been passed down for generations, which she believes proves her hero status.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Otero|first=Jose|date=8 December 2015|title=Hyrule Warrior: The Story of How Linkle Became a Star|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/12/08/hyrule-warrior-the-story-of-how-linkle-became-a-star|access-date=27 November 2021|website=IGN|archive-date=27 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127234534/https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/12/08/hyrule-warrior-the-story-of-how-linkle-became-a-star|url-status=live}}</ref> She goes on a quest, though finds herself easily lost. She journeys with other ''The Legend of Zelda'' characters, such as [[Midna]], as well as dealing with antagonistic characters like [[Skull Kid]].

==Reception==
When she originally appeared in concept art for the original ''Hyrule Warriors'', the team received such a strong fan response that it caused her to be added in the 3DS re-release.<ref name="vg247">{{cite web |url=https://www.vg247.com/linkle-may-return-in-future-the-legend-of-zelda-games |title=Linkle may return in future The Legend of Zelda games |work=VG247 |last=Hillier |first=Brenna |date=December 8, 2015 |accessdate=June 8, 2023 |archive-date=February 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224163836/https://www.vg247.com/linkle-may-return-in-future-the-legend-of-zelda-games |url-status=live }}</ref> Upon her reveal, Linkle received an "overwhelmingly positive" response from fans.<ref name="eg"/> American fans viewed Linkle as positive representation of women, influenced by what professor Kathryn Hemmann viewed as an openly hostile industry to women, while Japanese fans were not as concerned due to a more open work environment for women. She also discussed Linkle's design, particularly her [[zettai ryōiki]], identifying how this design and Linkle's personality ("optimistic enthusiasm and physical clumsiness") fits the [[moe (slang)|moe aesthetic]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/36251861 |title=Linkle and the Female Gaze: Differences in the Reception of Female Character Design in American and Japanese Fan Communities |last=Hemmann |first=Kathryn |date=March 23, 2018 |accessdate=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Jonathan Holmes of ''[[Destructoid]]'' noted that reception for her was mixed across different groups, speculating Linkle was meant to appeal to women more.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.destructoid.com/does-it-matter-if-link-is-a-boy-or-a-girl--321406.phtml |title=Does it matter if Link is a boy or a girl? |work=[[Destructoid]] |last=Holmes |first=Jonathan |date=November 20, 2015 |accessdate=October 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208192752/http://www.destructoid.com/does-it-matter-if-link-is-a-boy-or-a-girl--321406.phtml |archive-date=February 8, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Maddy Myers of ''The Mary Sue'' noted that while she "loves Linkle", she feels that she is not enough, criticizing the designers for not making her Link and feeling that she seemed like a "one-off" and "novelty" made to sell more copies of ''Hyrule Warriors Legends''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.themarysue.com/the-linkle-backlash/ |title=I Love Linkle. But Linkle Is Not Enough. |work=The Mary Sue |last=Myers |first=Maddy |date=November 18, 2015 |accessdate=October 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529014942/https://www.themarysue.com/the-linkle-backlash/ |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Writer [[Anita Sarkeesian]] felt that her "cutesy name and appearance" made clear that she was separate from Link, and that this reinforced the idea that male was the default.<ref name="Vice">{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/this-is-how-nintendo-won-2015-v22n12/ |title=This Is How Nintendo 'Won' 2015 |work=[[Vice (website)|Vice]] |last=Diver |first=Mike |date=December 17, 2015 |access-date=June 8, 2023 |archive-date=June 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609040338/https://www.vice.com/en/article/5ged9a/this-is-how-nintendo-won-2015-v22n12 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Vice (website)|Vice]]'' writer Mike Diver disagreed with the negative sentiment Sarkeesian provided, calling Linkle a "considerable step into the unknown" for [[Nintendo]], hoping that Linkle would appear in ''Breath of the Wild''.<ref name="Vice"/> Thomas Whitehead of ''[[Nintendo Life]]'' found her to be a "clumsy introduction to a female Link", but felt that she would open the door for better attempts in the future.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2015/12/editorial_linkle_may_be_a_clunky_introduction_for_a_female_link_but_opens_up_interesting_possibilities |title=Editorial: Linkle May be a Clunky Introduction For a 'Female Link', But Opens Up Interesting Possibilities |work=[[Nintendo Life]] |last=Whitehead |first=Thomas |date=December 31, 2015 |accessdate=October 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529014945/http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2015/12/editorial_linkle_may_be_a_clunky_introduction_for_a_female_link_but_opens_up_interesting_possibilities |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Brian Ashcraft of ''[[Kotaku]]'' enjoyed her depiction, and appreciated that she did not boil down to just being a female Link. He expressed hope that she would appear in canon ''The Legend of Zelda'' games.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kotaku.com/linkle-is-more-than-the-girl-version-of-link-1755134327 |title=Linkle Is More Than The 'Girl Version' Of Link |work=[[Kotaku]] |last=Ashcraft |first=Brian |date=January 26, 2016 |accessdate=October 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529014942/https://kotaku.com/linkle-is-more-than-the-girl-version-of-link-1755134327 |archive-date=May 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

An unofficial [[video game modding|modification]] of ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild]]'' was created that replaced Link with Linkle. This modification adds Linkle's model, as well as new voice acting, facial expressions, and dialogue.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/this-breath-of-the-wild-mod-that-turns-link-into-a-girl-is-so-good-it-could-pass-for-official-dlc/ |title=This Breath of the Wild mod that turns Link into a girl is so good it could pass for official DLC |work=[[GamesRadar+]] |last=Prell |first=Sam |date=March 7, 2018 |accessdate=June 8, 2023 |archive-date=March 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306013926/https://www.gamesradar.com/this-breath-of-the-wild-mod-that-turns-link-into-a-girl-is-so-good-it-could-pass-for-official-dlc/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{The Legend of Zelda}}

[[Category:Female characters in video games]]
[[Category:Fictional arbalists (crossbowmen)]]
[[Category:The Legend of Zelda characters]]
[[Category:Teenage characters in video games]]
[[Category:Video game characters introduced in 2016]]
[[Category:Gender flipped characters]]

Archive:Infamy

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{{Short description|Notoriety gained from a negative incident or reputation}}
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[[File:Infamous statue of George Washington by Horatio Greenough (4848244625).jpg|thumb|A statue of [[George Washington]], in the [[Smithsonian]]. The bare chest was generally considered disrespectful of the great statesman, which earned it the [[epithet]] ''infamous.'']]

'''Infamy''' is notoriety gained from actions considered dangerous, disrespectful, immoral, unethical, or otherwise perceived in a negative manner. An '''infamous''' person or organization is one considered to have said or done something that provokes public outrage, and often one who is considered [[blame|blameworthy]] and deserving of [[punishment]] even if no [[wikt:sanction|sanction]] is actually applied. The term has been used in both secular and canon law in Europe since ancient times.

==Etymology==
The word stems from the [[Latin]] ''[[infamia]].''<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911 |wstitle=Infamy |volume=14 |pages=512–513 |inline=1}}</ref> It derives from the [[Affirmation and negation|Negation]] '''in''' + '''[[Celebrity|fame]]''' which implies public acclaim for doing something that pleases the public. The Proto-Indo-European root of that word is ''*bhā-'' meaning to tell (as in blab or [[megaphone]]).<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/word/*bha-#etymonline_v_52548 Online Etymology: PIE *bha-]</ref>

==Roman law==
{{main|Infamia}}
In Roman law, infamy was a form of censure on individuals pronounced by the [[Roman censor|censors]] on moral grounds, in which the censure was the result of certain actions they had committed which did not rise to the level of an actual crime, or for pursuing a lifestyle that was considered technically legal but nonetheless [[immorality|immoral]]. Such a censure involved disqualification for certain rights both in public and in private law.<ref name=EB1911/>

==In canon law==
Infamy is a term of art in [[Roman Catholic]] [[canon law]]. According to the ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]'' of 1913, infamy in the canonical sense is defined as the privation or lessening of one's good name as the result of the bad rating he has, even among prudent men. It constitutes an irregularity, a canonical impediment that prevents one being ordained or exercising such orders as he may have already received. There are two types of infamy: infamy of law (''infamia juris'') and infamy of fact (''infamia facti'').<ref>{{cite Catholic Encyclopedia |wstitle=Infamy |volume=8 |first=Joseph Francis |last=Delany}}</ref>

===Infamy of law===
''Infamy of law'' is contracted in one of three ways. Either the law itself attaches this juridical ineligibility and incapacity to the commission of certain crimes, or makes it contingent upon the decision of a judge, or finally connects it with the penalty imposed by the judge. This kind of infamy is incurred chiefly by those guilty of [[duel]]ling (whether as principals or seconds), [[rape]] (as likewise those who co-operate in it), attempt to marry during the lifetime of the actual consort, [[heresy]], real [[simony]], etc. Infamy of law may be removed either by canonical purging or by application to the [[Holy See]].

===Infamy of fact===
''Infamy of fact'' is the result of a widespread opinion, by which the community attributes some unusually serious delinquency, such as [[adultery]] or the like, to a person. This is more of an unfitness than an irregularity properly so called, unless [[Sentence (law)|sentence]] in court has been pronounced. It ceases therefore when one has shown by a change of life extending over a period of two or probably three years that his repentance is sincere.

== Historical Polish law ==
In historical Polish law, including that of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], ''infamia'' developed in connection with two other institutions of [[criminal law]]: ''proskrypcja'' ([[proscription]] or [[outlawry]]) and ''{{ill|banicja|pl}}'' (a form of [[banishment]]). Its precise origins and meaning are difficult to establish because of inconsistencies in the terminology used in early legal sources and writings.<ref name="Adamczyk" details="p. 384">{{cite journal |last=Adamczyk |first=Tomasz |title=Kara w ujęciu historycznym |journal=Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne |year=2008 |volume=60 |issue=2 |url=https://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/cph/article/download/42052/35326/94726 |language=pl}}</ref>

Proscription entailed complete outlawry, depriving the condemned person of [[legal personhood]], public rights, and legal protection, effectively resulting in [[civil death]]. Their property passed to their relatives, and if apprehended, they were subject to the immediate execution of a previously imposed [[death sentence]]. By contrast, ''banicja'' was primarily used to compel individuals to appear before a court or comply with the enforcement of its judgments. It could be temporary or perpetual (''bannitio perpetua''). A banished person lost public and civil-law rights but retained their honour. If apprehended, they were to be imprisoned pending a decision about their further fate.<ref name="Adamczyk" details="pp. 384–385" />

''Infamia'' combined elements of both penalties. It involved the loss of [[Szlachta|noble]] honour, public rights, and the privileges associated with those rights, but did not deprive the condemned person of legal personality under [[private law]]. It could be imposed either [[Trial in absentia|in absentia]] or following proceedings in which the accused was present. In some circumstances, a person could become an ''infamis'' by [[operation of law]], without a judicial sentence. According to legal historian Tomasz Adamczyk, the definition of ''infamia'' is necessarily somewhat provisional, since its meaning evolved over time and surviving historical sources do not allow for an entirely unambiguous interpretation. The penalty was also distinguished from [[exile]] and should not be equated with it.<ref name="Adamczyk" details="p. 385" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Reputation management]]