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{{Short description|Australian political ideology}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}{{Use Australian English|date=February 2026}}
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'''Hansonism''' is the political ideology of [[Pauline Hanson]], the leader of [[Pauline Hanson's One Nation|One Nation]], and those who follow her. It was established in 1996 in the leadup to the [[1996 Australian federal election|1996 federal election]], after Hanson was expelled from the [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]] for her controversial positions regarding [[Aboriginal Australians]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-07-10 |title=The resurgence of Pauline Hanson's One Nation |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-10/timeline-rise-of-pauline-hanson-one-nation/7583230 |access-date=2026-02-08 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref> The term has been used since 1998<ref name="cis">{{cite journal |last1=Kukathas |first1=Chandran |last2=Maley |first2=William |title=The Last Refuge Hard and Soft Hansonism in Contemporary Australian Politics |journal=CIS Issue Analysis |date=1998 |issue=4 |url=https://www.cis.org.au/app/uploads/2015/07/ia4.pdf |accessdate=12 June 2020 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231011553/https://www.cis.org.au/app/uploads/2015/07/ia4.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> and was included in the ''[[The Australian National Dictionary|Australian National Dictionary]]'' in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Astle |first1=David |title=The Australian National Dictionary updated after 28 years |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/the-australian-national-dictionary-updated-after-28-years-20160829-gr3ms8.html |accessdate=1 June 2020 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=29 August 2016 |language=en |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819174400/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/the-australian-national-dictionary-updated-after-28-years-20160829-gr3ms8.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Ideology ==
Hansonism has been described as a form of [[right-wing populism]]. A common theme within Hansonism is the idea that the "[[multiculturalism|multiculturalist]] [[elite]]" are manipulating "hardworking Australians" into supporting certain policies, such as [[Indigenous land rights in Australia|Indigenous land rights]] and [[welcome to country]] ceremonies.<ref name="oxford">{{Cite book|last1=Fleming|first1=Andy|url=http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780190274559-e-32|title=The Radical Right in Australia|last2=Mondon|first2=Aurelien|date=2018-02-05|publisher=Oxford University Press|editor-last=Rydgren|editor-first=Jens|volume=1|language=en|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.013.32|isbn=978-0-19-027455-9|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524041257/https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780190274559-e-32|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-07-27/pauline-hanson-walkout-acknowledgement-of-country/101275080|title=Politicians react to Pauline Hanson's walkout during Acknowledgement of Country|publisher=ABC Australia|date=2022-07-27|access-date=2022-07-27|archive-date=10 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810183412/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-07-27/pauline-hanson-walkout-acknowledgement-of-country/101275080|url-status=live}}</ref> Hansonism believes that such rights for minority groups, such as for [[Indigenous Australians]], are forms of [[reverse racism]] and are anti-equality.<ref name="oxford" /> On political spectrum, Hansonism is associated with [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] to [[Far-right politics|far-right]] politics.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Australian far-right senator censured over 'inflammatory' Muslim commentss|work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/australian-far-right-senator-censured-over-inflammatory-muslim-comments-2026-03-02/|access-date=31 March 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fenton-Smith |first1=Ben |title=The (re)birth of far-right populism in Australia: The appeal of Pauline Hanson's persuasive definitions |journal=Griffith University |date=2020 |pages=339–365|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-55038-7_13}}</ref>

Another key feature of Hansonism is support of [[economic nationalism]] and opposition to [[economic rationalism]].<ref name="moore">{{cite book |last1=Mooreq |first1=Tod |editor1-last=Grant |editor1-first=Bligh |editor2-last=Moore |editor2-first=Tod |editor3-last=Lynch |editor3-first=Tony |title=The rise of right-populism: Pauline Hanson's One nation and Australian politics |date=2019 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-13-2669-1 |chapter=Once as Tragedy and Again as Farce: Hansonism, Backlashers, and Economic Nationalism After 20 Years}}</ref> Hanson has supported the re-introduction of tariffs, establishing government-run banks, renewing [[Manufacturing in Australia|local manufacturing]], and is critical of [[multinational corporations]].<ref name="moore" />

In 1998, Kukathas and Maley identified two strands of Hansonism: Soft Hansonism, and Hard Hansonism.<ref name="cis" /> Hard Hansonism refers to the policies directly supported by Hanson, such as anti-Asian sentiment, an attachment to the [[White Australia Policy]], [[criticism of multiculturalism]], and the [[populism|populist]] view that these policies are associated with "the people".<ref name="cis" /> Soft Hansonism is associated with Hansonist policies that take a milder form or are promoted by non-One Nation members, such as staunch [[Asylum in Australia|opposition to asylum seekers]], with the views of [[Graeme Campbell (politician)|Graeme Campbell]] being cited as an example of the latter type.<ref name="cis" />

Hanson has blamed the abolition of the White Australia policy between the 1960s into the early 70s by the governments of [[Holt government|Holt]], [[Gorton government|Gorton]], [[McMahon government|McMahon]] and [[Whitlam government|Whitlam]] for what she views as the negative consequences of immigration.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tillett |first1=Andrew |title=Hanson blames end of White Australia policy for ‘immigration problem’ |url=https://www.afr.com/politics/federal/hanson-says-she-is-friends-with-abbott-now-20260717-p60g1p |access-date=17 July 2026 |work=Australian Financial Review |date=16 July 2026 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hanson blames migration issues on end of White Australia policy |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-07-17/pauline-hanson-tommy-robinson-podcast/106926030 |access-date=17 July 2026 |work=ABC News |date=16 July 2026 |language=en-AU}}</ref> In 2018, Hanson called for immigration numbers to be capped at 75,000 a year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/politics/senator-pauline-hanson-has-indicated-she-will-support-the-governments-income-tax-cuts-if-they-make-reductions-to-australias-immigration-intake/video/66551777236aa9baa4b175d956c942fb|title=Annual immigration intake should be capped at 75,000: Hanson|author=|date=10 May 2018|work=Sky News Australia|access-date=22 November 2025|archive-date=2 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251202083723/https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/politics/senator-pauline-hanson-has-indicated-she-will-support-the-governments-income-tax-cuts-if-they-make-reductions-to-australias-immigration-intake/video/66551777236aa9baa4b175d956c942fb?nk=c515d948632cd08068175ab6271910f0-1764664643|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2025, Hanson called for immigration to be cut to 130,000 a year.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.skynews.com.au/opinion/chris-kenny/bring-immigration-down-to-130000-a-year-pauline-hanson/video/46d332822e27689286375f37dee5b377|title=Bring immigration down to 130,000 a year': Pauline Hanson|author=|date=19 November 2025|work=Sky News Australia|access-date=22 November 2025|archive-date=2 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251202083331/https://www.skynews.com.au/opinion/chris-kenny/bring-immigration-down-to-130000-a-year-pauline-hanson/video/46d332822e27689286375f37dee5b377?nk=7688cdba126f507bd3dcdf0c3f5c9234-1764664411|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/pauline-hanson-addresses-immigration-rally-in-melbourne/809e4f84-688a-4406-a014-e09050b6456f|title=Hanson addresses immigration rally in Melbourne|date=30 November 2025|work=Nine News|access-date=2 December 2025|archive-date=2 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251202082930/https://www.9news.com.au/national/pauline-hanson-addresses-immigration-rally-in-melbourne/809e4f84-688a-4406-a014-e09050b6456f|url-status=live}}</ref>

Hanson has also been known to make [[Islamophobic trope|Anti-Muslim rhetoric]] ranging from [[Pauline Hanson burqa incidents|wearing a burqa]] onto the floor of the [[Australian Senate]] in a move to rally support for a national ban of the religious attire, supporting a ban on Muslim Immigration <ref>{{Cite web|title='Put a ban on it': Pauline Hanson calls for Muslim faith to be banned|work=SBS News |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/put-a-ban-on-it-pauline-hanson-calls-for-muslim-faith-to-be-banned|access-date=26 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131112839/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/put-a-ban-on-it-pauline-hanson-calls-for-muslim-faith-to-be-banned|url-status=live}}</ref> and saying there are "no good Muslims".<ref>{{Cite web|title='Totally un-Australian': Pauline Hanson under fire for 'wrong and cruel' comments about Muslims|work=Nine News |url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/pauline-hanson-anti-muslim-comments-matt-canavan-criticism/dbe7ba18-29e0-470f-8529-4fa7ac71bcd7|access-date=8 March 2026|language=en|archive-date=18 February 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260218020645/https://www.9news.com.au/national/pauline-hanson-anti-muslim-comments-matt-canavan-criticism/dbe7ba18-29e0-470f-8529-4fa7ac71bcd7|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
Academic Tod Moore interprets Hansonism as a reaction against the rise of [[neoliberalism]] and [[globalism]], inspired by both fear and anger, and that it has been adopted by [[blue-collar]] and [[middle class]] Australians due to the acceptance of neoliberalism by the [[Australian Labor Party]]. However, Moore critiqued Hansonism as contradictory as the policies would ultimately lead to policies he believes as harmful to those groups, such as "smaller government, fewer public amenities, more [[financial deregulation]], weaker [[trade unions|unions]], and greater [[wealth inequality]]".<ref name="moore" />

[[Milton Osborne]], in 1999, noted that research found that Hanson's initial supporters did not find Asian immigration a major reason for their support, but instead they were most concerned about economic deregulation and unemployment. Osborne also argues that her support of substantial tax cuts undermined support for Hansonism, leading to her initially leaving [[Parliament of Australia|parliament]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Osborne |first1=Milton |title=AUSTRALIA'S ELECTION YEAR: Hansonism and the Asian Financial Crisis |journal=Southeast Asian Affairs |date=1999 |pages=52–64|doi=10.1355/SEAA99D |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of ideologies named after people]]
* [[Far-right politics in Australia]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.gwb.com.au/onenation/truth/conclus.html 1998 website run by One Nation on Hansonism]

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