View source for Spanish/Family & Celebrations

==Chapter 10 (Family & Celebrations)==
===Family members===
*'''abuelos''' - grandparents
*'''abuelo''' - grandfather
*'''abuela''' - grandmother
*'''esposo''' - husband
*'''esposa''' - wife
*'''hermanos''' - siblings, brothers
*'''hermano''' - brother
*'''hermana''' - sister
*'''hermanastro''' - stepbrother
*'''hermanastra''' - stepsister
*'''hijos''' - children, sons
*'''hijo''' - son
*'''hija''' - daughter
*'''padres''' - parents
*'''padre (papá)''' - father
*'''madre (mamá)''' - mother
*'''padrastro''' - stepfather
*'''madrastra''' - stepmother
*'''primos''' - cousins
*'''primo''' - male cousin
*'''prima''' - female cousin
*'''tíos''' - uncles & aunts, uncles
*'''tío''' - uncle
*'''tía''' - aunts

'''Note''': Spanish-speaking use ''papá'' and ''mamá'' when calling their own parents.
Spanish-speakers also use the suffixes ''-ito'' or ''ita'' to show affection, for example almost all Spanish-speakers call their grandparents, abuel''ito'' and abuel''ita'' to  show affection.

===To talk about one's age===
*'''¿Cuántos años tiene(n)...?''' - How old is/are...?
*'''Tiene(n)...años.''' - He/She is/They are...(years old)
*'''mayor''' - older
*'''menor''' - younger

===To talk about people===
*'''persona''' - person

===To talk about pets===
*'''gato''' - cat
*'''perro''' - dog

===To talk about what someone enjoys===
*'''(a + person) le gusta(n)''' - he/she likes
*'''(a + person) le encanta(n)''' - he/she loves

'''Note''': The ''a'' placed before the person's name is called the ''personal a'' and is used to respect that person when talking.

===Verbs to describe parties===
*'''abrir''' - to open
*'''celebrar''' - to celebrate
*'''decorar''' - to decorate
*'''decoraciones''' - decorations
*'''hacer un video''' - to videotape
*'''video''' - video
*'''preparar''' - to prepare
*'''romper''' - to break
*'''sacar fotos''' - to take pictures
*'''foto''' - photo

===Items at a party===
*'''cámara''' - camera
*'''cumpleaños''' - birthday
*'''¡Feliz cumpleaños!''' - Happy birthday!
*'''dulces''' - candy
*'''flor''' - flower
*'''globo''' - balloon
*'''luz''' - light
*'''papel picado''' - cut-paper decorations
*'''pastel''' - cake
*'''piñata''' - piñata
*'''regalo''' - gift, present

===Other words===
*'''que''' - who, that
*'''sólo''' - only

===Tener (to have)===
In Spanish, the word ''tener'' means ''to have''. Like ''ir'' and ''jugar'' it conjugates irregularly, and like ''jugar'', its stem changes when conjugated except in the ''nosotros(as)'' and ''vosotros(as)'' forms, ''e'' becomes ''ie''. ''Tener'' is also unique because the ''yo'' conjugation is irregular from all the others.

*'''tengo''' - I have
*'''tienes''' - you have (singular)
*'''tiene''' - he/she has
*'''tenemos''' - we have
*'''tenéis''' - you have (plural)
*'''tienen''' - they have

'''Note''': Did you remember that usted (Ud.) and ustedes (Uds.) use the 3rd person conjugation form?

===Possessive adjectives===
Possessive adjectives talk about the ownership of something. They are similar to other adjectives in Spanish that must agree with number and gender.

*'''mi(s)''' - my
*'''tu(s)''' - your
*'''su(s)''' - your (formal), his, her, its
*'''nuestro(s), -a(s)''' - our
*'''vuestro(s), -a(s)''' - your (plural)
*'''su(s)''' - your (plural/formal), their

===Vocabulario adicional===
*'''bisabuelo''' - great-grandfather
*'''bisabuela''' - great-grandmother
*'''nieto''' - grandson
*'''nieta''' - granddaughter
*'''sobrino''' - nephew
*'''sobrina''' - niece
*'''conejillo de Indias''' - guinea pig
*'''conejo''' - rabbit
*'''gerbo''' - gerbil
*'''hámster''' - hamster
*'''húron''' - ferret
*'''loro''' - parrot
*'''pez''' - fish
*'''serpiente''' - snake
*'''tortuga''' - turtle
*'''hijo(a) único(a)''' - only child

'''Note''': Use ''pez'' to refer to a ''pet'' fish and ''pescado'' to refer to other fish.

===Cultural Insight (Papel picado)===
Papel picado is the Mexican art of papercutting into elaborate designs. The designs are commonly cut from tissue paper using a guide and small chisels, creating as many as forty banners at a time. Common themes includes birds, floral designs, and skeletons. They are commonly displayed for Easter, Christmas, and the Day of the Dead, as well as during weddings, quinceañeras and christenings. Papel picado can also be made by folding the tissue paper and using small, sharp scissors. 

===Country Focus (Costa Rica)===
[[Image:Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg|150px|right]]
[[Image:LocationCostaRica.png|noframe|150px|right]]
'''Costa Rica''' (Spanish: Costa Rica) is a republic in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the east-southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, and the Caribbean Sea to the east. Costa Rica was the first country in the world to constitutionally abolish its army. Among Latin American countries, Costa Rica ranks 4th in terms of the 2007 Human Development Index, and 48th worldwide. Costa Rica is ranked 5th in the world in terms of the 2008 Environmental Performance Index, up from the 15th place in 2006. In 2007 the government of Costa Rica stated that they want to be the first country to become carbon neutral by 2021. Costa Rica is home to a rich variety of plants and animals. While the country has only about 0.1% of the world's landmass, it contains 5% of the world's biodiversity.

[[Image:Cataract on the Rio Savegre.jpg|150px|thumb|left|Costa Rica is well known for its preserved rainforests.]]

Costa Rica boasts a varied history. Costa Rica was the point where the Mesoamerican and South American native cultures met. The northwest of the country, the Nicoya peninsula, was the southernmost point of Nahuatl cultural influence when the Spanish conquerors (conquistadores) came in the sixteenth century. The center and southern portions of the country had Chibcha influences.

'''Factbox''':

-Official Languages: Spanish

-Other Languages: English, Native American languages, English Creole languages

-Capital: San José

-Government: Democracy

[[Image:DirkvdM orosi valley bird.jpg|150px|thumb|Costa Rica's economy relies on its coffee production.]]

-Area: 51,100 sq km (19,730 sq mi) (129th)

-Population: 4,468,000 (118th)

-Religion: Christianity (Catholic 76.3%, Protestant 14.4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.3%) 92.4%, Non-religious 3.2%, Buddhism 2.34%, other (Judaism, Islam, Animism, Bahá'i, Hindu) 2.06%

-Human Development: 0.846 (48th, HIGH)

-Independence: September 15, 1821

-Currency: Costa Rican colón

{{sp1}}