View source for Kharijite Rebellions (684–693)

{{infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Kharijite Rebellions (684–693)
| date              = 684–692 AD
| location          = Modern day [[Arabia]]
| result            = Umayyad victory
| combatant1        = [[Umayyad Caliphate]]
| combatant2        = {{tree list/start}}
*[[Kharijites]]
**[[Najdat]]
**[[Azariqa]]
{{tree list/end}}
| commander1        = [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan]]<br>[[Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf]]<br>[[Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra]]<br>[[Sufyan ibn al-Abrad al-Kalbi|Sufyan ibn al-Abrad]]
| commander2        = [[Najda ibn Amir al-Hanafi]]{{Assassinated}}<br>[[Nafi ibn al-Azraq]]{{KIA}}<br>[[Shabib ibn Yazid al-Shaybani]]{{KIA}}
| casualties1       = Unknown
| casualties2       = Unknown
}}

The '''Kharijite Rebellions (684–693)''' were a series of uprisings that emerged during the [[Second Fitna]] in opposition to Umayyad rule. Led by [[Najda ibn Amir al-Hanafi]], the [[Najdat]] faction established control over the region of [[al-Yamama]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Timani |first=Hussam S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8 |title=Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-9701-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref>__TOC__
== The Rebellion ==
By the late 680s the Kharijites had expanded into [[Yemen (region)|Yemen]], consolidating power over much of [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], and threatening the [[Hejaz]] with raids.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Muhammad Rasyidi |last2=Kusnadi |first2=Asep |last3=Baharuddin |first3=Baharuddin |date=2025-12-30 |title=Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era |url=https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149 |journal=International Journal of Social and Political Sciences |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.69812/ijsps.v2i3.149 |issn=3089-5936|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Internal fragmentations had split and weakened the group, as it would lead to the killing of Najda, passing the groups leadership to Abu Fudayk, who continued resistance until their defeat by the Umayyads.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Timani |first=Hussam S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F2F92guvrgAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&ots=eLa0k_f1_x&sig=5i7vAMSLW-Yqka26tzMY92VlwZ8 |title=Modern Intellectual Readings of the Kharijites |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-9701-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crone |first=Patricia |date=1998 |title=A Statement by the Najdiyya Khārijites on the Dispensability of the Imamate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1595697 |journal=Studia Islamica |issue=88 |pages=55–76 |doi=10.2307/1595697 |issn=0585-5292|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The defeat had removed the group's political ability, and the group declined and subsequently lost all its members.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Umayyad world |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-69141-1 |editor-last=Marsham |editor-first=Andrew |series=Routledge worlds |location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmad |first=Muhammad Rasyidi |last2=Kusnadi |first2=Asep |last3=Baharuddin |first3=Baharuddin |date=2025-12-30 |title=Theological Exclusivism of the Khawarij: A Threat to Islamic Moderation in the Modern Era |url=https://journal.austrodemika.org/index.php/ijsps/article/view/149 |journal=International Journal of Social and Political Sciences |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.69812/ijsps.v2i3.149 |issn=3089-5936|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category: Battles involving the Umayyad Caliphate]]
[[Category:Kharijites]]
[[Category:Umayyad Caliphate]]