https://ideawaza.com/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=About_mountaineeringAbout mountaineering - Revision history2026-09-30T10:40:40ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.46.0https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=About_mountaineering&diff=69280&oldid=prevwikademia>Eme at 04:46, 3 November 20102010-11-03T04:46:14Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Summitting Island Peak.jpg|thumb|right|Climber taking the final few steps onto the 20,305 ft. (6,189 m) summit of [[Imja Tse]] (Island Peak) in [[Nepal]], 2004.]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:Summitting Island Peak.jpg|thumb|right|Climber taking the final few steps onto the 20,305 ft. (6,189 m) summit of [[Imja Tse]] (Island Peak) in [[Nepal]], 2004.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:Frères Bisson - 1862 - La crevasse (Départ).jpg|thumb|right|An open [[crevasse]].]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Mountaineering''' or '''mountain climbing''' is the [[sport]], [[hobby]] or [[profession]] of [[hiking]], [[skiing]], and [[climbing]] [[mountain]]s. In Europe it is also referred to as '''alpinism''', while in the Americas the latter term refers to a particular style of mountain climbing, that involves a mixture of ice climbing, rock climbing, and mixed climbing where climbers carry all their loads with them at all times. The American usage of the term alpinism contrasts with '''expedition''' style climbing (as commonly undertaken in the Himalayan region) where climbers use porters, cooks, etc. to carry their loads and cook meals. While mountaineering began as attempts to reach the highest point of unclimbed mountains, it has branched into specialisations that address different aspects of the mountain and consists of three areas: rock-craft, snow-craft and skiing, depending on whether the route chosen is over [[rock (geology)|rock]], [[snow]] or [[ice]]. All require experience, athletic ability, and technical knowledge to maintain safety.<ref name="freedom">{{cite book | edition = 7 | editor = Cox, Steven M. and Kris Fulsaas, ed. | title = [[Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills]] | publisher = The Mountaineers | isbn = 0898868289| location = Seattle | year = 2003-09}}</ref> </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Mountaineering''' or '''mountain climbing''' is the [[sport]], [[hobby]] or [[profession]] of [[hiking]], [[skiing]], and [[climbing]] [[mountain]]s. In Europe it is also referred to as '''alpinism''', while in the Americas the latter term refers to a particular style of mountain climbing, that involves a mixture of ice climbing, rock climbing, and mixed climbing where climbers carry all their loads with them at all times. The American usage of the term alpinism contrasts with '''expedition''' style climbing (as commonly undertaken in the Himalayan region) where climbers use porters, cooks, etc. to carry their loads and cook meals. While mountaineering began as attempts to reach the highest point of unclimbed mountains, it has branched into specialisations that address different aspects of the mountain and consists of three areas: rock-craft, snow-craft and skiing, depending on whether the route chosen is over [[rock (geology)|rock]], [[snow]] or [[ice]]. All require experience, athletic ability, and technical knowledge to maintain safety.<ref name="freedom">{{cite book | edition = 7 | editor = Cox, Steven M. and Kris Fulsaas, ed. | title = [[Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills]] | publisher = The Mountaineers | isbn = 0898868289| location = Seattle | year = 2003-09}}</ref> </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Technique==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Technique==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Image:Alpinistes Aiguille du Midi 02.JPG|thumb|right|Climbers descending the ridge of Aiguille du Midi (France).]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Snow====</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Snow====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Compacted snow conditions allow mountaineers to progress on foot. Frequently [[crampons]] are required to travel efficiently over snow and ice. [[Crampons]] have 8-14 spikes and are attached to a mountaineer's boots. They are used on hard snow (neve) and ice to provide additional traction and allow very steep ascents and descents. Varieties range from lightweight aluminium models intended for walking on snow covered glaciers, to aggressive steel models intended for vertical and overhanging ice and rock. [[Snowshoes]] can be used to walk through deep snow. [[Skis]] can be used everywhere snowshoes can and also in steeper, more alpine landscapes, although it takes considerable practice to develop strong skills for difficult terrain. Combining the techniques of alpine skiing and mountaineering to ascend and descend a mountain is a form of the sport by itself, called [[Ski Mountaineering]]. Ascending and descending a snow slope safely requires the use of an [[ice axe]] and many different footwork techniques that have been developed over the past century, mainly in Europe. The progression of footwork from the lowest angle slopes to the steepest terrain is first to splay the feet to a rising traverse, to kicking steps, to front pointing the crampons. The progression of ice axe technique from the lowest angle slopes to the steepest terrain is to use the ice axe first as a walking stick, then a stake, then to use the front pick as a dagger below the shoulders or above, and finally to swing the pick into the slope over the head. These various techniques may involve questions of differing ice-axe design depending on terrain, and even whether a mountaineer uses one or two ice axes. Anchors for the rope in snow are sometimes unreliable, and include snow stakes, called pickets, [[Glossary_of_climbing_terms#D|deadman]] devices called flukes which are fashioned from aluminium, or devised from buried objects that might include an ice axe, skis, rocks or other objects. [[Bollards]], which are simply carved out of consolidated snow or ice, also sometimes serve as anchors.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Compacted snow conditions allow mountaineers to progress on foot. Frequently [[crampons]] are required to travel efficiently over snow and ice. [[Crampons]] have 8-14 spikes and are attached to a mountaineer's boots. They are used on hard snow (neve) and ice to provide additional traction and allow very steep ascents and descents. Varieties range from lightweight aluminium models intended for walking on snow covered glaciers, to aggressive steel models intended for vertical and overhanging ice and rock. [[Snowshoes]] can be used to walk through deep snow. [[Skis]] can be used everywhere snowshoes can and also in steeper, more alpine landscapes, although it takes considerable practice to develop strong skills for difficult terrain. Combining the techniques of alpine skiing and mountaineering to ascend and descend a mountain is a form of the sport by itself, called [[Ski Mountaineering]]. Ascending and descending a snow slope safely requires the use of an [[ice axe]] and many different footwork techniques that have been developed over the past century, mainly in Europe. The progression of footwork from the lowest angle slopes to the steepest terrain is first to splay the feet to a rising traverse, to kicking steps, to front pointing the crampons. The progression of ice axe technique from the lowest angle slopes to the steepest terrain is to use the ice axe first as a walking stick, then a stake, then to use the front pick as a dagger below the shoulders or above, and finally to swing the pick into the slope over the head. These various techniques may involve questions of differing ice-axe design depending on terrain, and even whether a mountaineer uses one or two ice axes. Anchors for the rope in snow are sometimes unreliable, and include snow stakes, called pickets, [[Glossary_of_climbing_terms#D|deadman]] devices called flukes which are fashioned from aluminium, or devised from buried objects that might include an ice axe, skis, rocks or other objects. [[Bollards]], which are simply carved out of consolidated snow or ice, also sometimes serve as anchors.</div></td></tr>
</table>wikademia>Emehttps://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=About_mountaineering&diff=69279&oldid=prevwikademia>Eme: /* See also */2010-11-03T04:45:17Z<p><span class="autocomment">See also</span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 04:45, 3 November 2010</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==See also==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Div col}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[List of climbers]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[List of climbers]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Ski mountaineering]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Ski mountaineering]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Mountain film]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Mountain film]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Golden age of alpinism]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[[Golden age of alpinism]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
</table>wikademia>Emehttps://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=About_mountaineering&diff=69278&oldid=prevwikademia>Eme: Created page with 'Climber taking the final few steps onto the 20,305 ft. (6,189 m) summit of [[Imja Tse (Island Peak) in Nepal, 2004.]] [[Image:…'2010-08-11T04:52:40Z<p>Created page with '<a href="/wiki/File:Summitting_Island_Peak.jpg" title="File:Summitting Island Peak.jpg">thumb|right|Climber taking the final few steps onto the 20,305 ft. (6,189 m) summit of [[Imja Tse</a> (Island Peak) in <a href="/index.php?title=Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a>, 2004.]] [[Image:…'</p>
<a href="https://ideawaza.com/index.php?title=About_mountaineering&diff=69278">Show changes</a>wikademia>Eme