America Before Columbus - Revision history

wikademia>Wikademia at 08:07, 7 June 2009

2009-06-07T08:07:45Z

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	==Early Americans==		==Early Americans==
	American history does not begin with Columbus's 1492 arrival in America. In actuality, America was settled long before the first European set shore on the continent. The beginning of civilization in America occurred during the last ice age, some 10 to 20 thousand years ago. At that time, huge ice sheets occuppied northern lands and consequently sea levels was much lower creating a land bridge between Asia and North America called the Bering land bridge. A gap in two large ice sheets would create a connection from lands near present day Alaska, though Alberta and into the continental United States.		American history does not begin with Columbus's 1492 arrival in America. In actuality, America was settled long before the first European set shore on the continent. The beginning of civilization in America occurred during the last ice age, some 10 to 20 thousand years ago. At that time, huge ice sheets occuppied northern lands and consequently sea levels was much lower creating a land bridge between Asia and North America called the Bering land bridge. A gap in two large ice sheets would create a connection from lands near present day Alaska, though Alberta and into the continental United States.
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	[[Image:clovis man.gif\|right]]Nomadic Asians following herds of wild game traveled into the continental [[Wikipedia:United States\|United States]]. A characteristic arrow point was found and first described near the present day town of Clovis, NM. Specialized tools and common burial practices have also been described in many sites found throughout North America and into South America.		[[Image:clovis man.gif\|right]]Nomadic Asians following herds of wild game traveled into the continental [[Wikipedia:United States\|United States]]. A characteristic arrow point was found and first described near the present day town of Clovis, NM. Specialized tools and common burial practices have also been described in many sites found throughout North America and into South America.

wikademia>Wikademia: Text replace - 'w:' to 'Wikipedia:'

2009-04-11T18:12:27Z

Text replace - 'w:' to 'Wikipedia:'

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:12, 11 April 2009
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	American history does not begin with Columbus's 1492 arrival in America. In actuality, America was settled long before the first European set shore on the continent. The beginning of civilization in America occurred during the last ice age, some 10 to 20 thousand years ago. At that time, huge ice sheets occuppied northern lands and consequently sea levels was much lower creating a land bridge between Asia and North America called the Bering land bridge. A gap in two large ice sheets would create a connection from lands near present day Alaska, though Alberta and into the continental United States.		American history does not begin with Columbus's 1492 arrival in America. In actuality, America was settled long before the first European set shore on the continent. The beginning of civilization in America occurred during the last ice age, some 10 to 20 thousand years ago. At that time, huge ice sheets occuppied northern lands and consequently sea levels was much lower creating a land bridge between Asia and North America called the Bering land bridge. A gap in two large ice sheets would create a connection from lands near present day Alaska, though Alberta and into the continental United States.

	[[Image:clovis man.gif\|right]]Nomadic Asians following herds of wild game traveled into the continental [[w:United States\|United States]]. A characteristic arrow point was found and first described near the present day town of Clovis, NM. Specialized tools and common burial practices have also been described in many sites found throughout North America and into South America.		[[Image:clovis man.gif\|right]]Nomadic Asians following herds of wild game traveled into the continental [[Wikipedia:United States\|United States]]. A characteristic arrow point was found and first described near the present day town of Clovis, NM. Specialized tools and common burial practices have also been described in many sites found throughout North America and into South America.

	Clovis man could be considered one of Americans earliest civilizations. It is not clear whether the Clovis people were one unified tribe or whether there were many tribes related by common technology and belief. Their nomadic trek across 2000 rugged miles in one of the great feats of pre-historical man. The Clovis culture disappears dramatically from the archaeological record 12,900 years ago. There is widespread speculation about what caused their disappearance. Theories range from the extinction of the mammoth to sudden environmental changes caused by a comet impacting or earth or the break of a massive freshwater lake, Lake Agassiz.		Clovis man could be considered one of Americans earliest civilizations. It is not clear whether the Clovis people were one unified tribe or whether there were many tribes related by common technology and belief. Their nomadic trek across 2000 rugged miles in one of the great feats of pre-historical man. The Clovis culture disappears dramatically from the archaeological record 12,900 years ago. There is widespread speculation about what caused their disappearance. Theories range from the extinction of the mammoth to sudden environmental changes caused by a comet impacting or earth or the break of a massive freshwater lake, Lake Agassiz.

wikademia>Wikademia: moved Introduction to US History/United We Stand:The History of the United States of America/America Before Columbus to America Before Columbus

2009-04-10T19:36:35Z

moved Introduction to US History/United We Stand:The History of the United States of America/America Before Columbus to America Before Columbus

← Older revision	Revision as of 19:36, 10 April 2009
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wikademia>Wikademia: 47 revisions

2009-04-10T19:36:18Z

47 revisions

← Older revision	Revision as of 19:36, 10 April 2009
(No difference)

wikademia>Dark Obsidian: Quick-adding category "Introduction to US History" (redirect Introduction to US History resolved) (using HotCat)

2009-02-04T18:19:52Z

Quick-adding category "Introduction to US History" (redirect Introduction to US History resolved) (using HotCat)

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	On the other hand, Europeans brought superior technology and invasive plants and animals. The horse was re-introduced to america (as original paleo-american populations of wild horse from the bering land bridge was extinct) and quickly adapted to free range on the sprawling great plains. Tribes of Nomadic Native Americans were quick to see the horse's value as an increase in there mobility; allowing them to better adapt to changing conditions and as a valuable asset in inter-tribal warfare.		On the other hand, Europeans brought superior technology and invasive plants and animals. The horse was re-introduced to america (as original paleo-american populations of wild horse from the bering land bridge was extinct) and quickly adapted to free range on the sprawling great plains. Tribes of Nomadic Native Americans were quick to see the horse's value as an increase in there mobility; allowing them to better adapt to changing conditions and as a valuable asset in inter-tribal warfare.
			[[Category:Introduction to US History]]

208.15.226.2 at 12:17, 23 October 2008

2008-10-23T12:17:18Z

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	Native Americans in the Eastern Continental United States developed and share mound-building cultures early in North American History. Groups of native americans would become more stratified as time went on and develop into tribes. These tribes participated in long networks of trade and cultural exchanges. The importance of trade routes developed urban cities of great importance.		Native Americans in the Eastern Continental United States developed and share mound-building cultures early in North American History. Groups of native americans would become more stratified as time went on and develop into tribes. These tribes participated in long networks of trade and cultural exchanges. The importance of trade routes developed urban cities of great importance.

			==Contact with European Culture ==
			European contact brought immediate changes in many tribes of North America. One of the most significant changes to all indian tribes was the introduction of viral diseases and epidemics. Smallpox was probably the single biggest scourge to hit North America. Infected contagious indians spread the plague far inland almost immediately after early encounters with european settlers. Historians estimate that over 80% of all native americans died from diseases soon after first contact. The effects traumatized many powerful and important cultures. Urban areas were particularly vulnerable and native american culture adapted by becoming more isolated, less unified, and with a renewed round of intribal warfare as tribes seized the opportunity to gain resources once owned by rivals.

			On the other hand, Europeans brought superior technology and invasive plants and animals. The horse was re-introduced to america (as original paleo-american populations of wild horse from the bering land bridge was extinct) and quickly adapted to free range on the sprawling great plains. Tribes of Nomadic Native Americans were quick to see the horse's value as an increase in there mobility; allowing them to better adapt to changing conditions and as a valuable asset in inter-tribal warfare.

wikademia>Jolie at 16:41, 22 October 2008

2008-10-22T16:41:57Z

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	The Meso-American Empires were undoubtably the most powerful and unified civilizations in the new world. Writings were common in the meso-America and allowed these cultures to spread in power and influence far more then their counterparts in North America. Each of these civilizations built impressive urban areas and had a complex culture. They were as 'civilized' as the spanish whom conquered them in the 15 and 16th century.		The Meso-American Empires were undoubtably the most powerful and unified civilizations in the new world. Writings were common in the meso-America and allowed these cultures to spread in power and influence far more then their counterparts in North America. Each of these civilizations built impressive urban areas and had a complex culture. They were as 'civilized' as the spanish whom conquered them in the 15 and 16th century.


	==Early Empires of the Southwest==		==Early Empires of the Southwest==

wikademia>Jolie: /* Early Empires of Mesoamerica */

2008-10-22T16:41:06Z

Early Empires of Mesoamerica

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	At its height of power in the late 15th century, Incan civilization had conquered a vast patchwork of languages, people and culture from present-day Ecuador the whole length of South America to present-day Argentina.[[Image:Peru_Machu_Picchu_Sunrise.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Machu Picchu, the "Lost city of the Incas".]]Cuzco the capital city, was said by the spanish to be "as fine as any city in Spain". Perhaps the most impressive city of the Incan was not its capital, cuzco, but the city Machu Picchu.		At its height of power in the late 15th century, Incan civilization had conquered a vast patchwork of languages, people and culture from present-day Ecuador the whole length of South America to present-day Argentina.[[Image:Peru_Machu_Picchu_Sunrise.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Machu Picchu, the "Lost city of the Incas".]]Cuzco the capital city, was said by the spanish to be "as fine as any city in Spain". Perhaps the most impressive city of the Incan was not its capital, cuzco, but the city Machu Picchu.
	This mountain retreat is built high in the andes and is sometimes call the "Lost city of the Incas." It was intended as a mountain retreat for the leaders of Incan empire and shows great artistry- the abundant dry stone walls entirely built without motar and the blocks cut so carefully that one can't insert a knife-blade between the massive blocks.		This mountain retreat is built high in the andes and is sometimes call the "Lost city of the Incas." It was intended as a mountain retreat for the leaders of Incan empire and shows great artistry- the abundant dry stone walls entirely built without motar and the blocks cut so carefully that one can't insert a knife-blade between the massive blocks.

	The spanish discovered the Incan during a civil war of succession and enjoyed great military superiority over the slow seige warfare that the Incan had employed against its enemies. Fueled by greed in having the opportunity to plunder another rich civilization, they conquered the incan emporer and had him put to death. The incan empire fell quickly 1533. A small resistance force fled to the mountains waging a guerilla war of resistance for another 39 years.		The spanish discovered the Incan during a civil war of succession and enjoyed great military superiority over the slow seige warfare that the Incan had employed against its enemies. Fueled by greed in having the opportunity to plunder another rich civilization, they conquered the incan emporer and had him put to death. The incan empire fell quickly 1533. A small resistance force fled to the mountains waging a guerilla war of resistance for another 39 years.

wikademia>Jolie: /* Early Empires of Mesoamerica */

2008-10-22T16:40:31Z

Early Empires of Mesoamerica

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:40, 22 October 2008
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	The Inca civilization was ruled from by a powerful emporer. The 9th emporer of the Inca, Pachacuti undertook a ambitious campagne of conquest. The success of Pachacuti was brilliant military command (he is sometimes referred as the "Napolean of the Andes") and a brilliant political campagne of integration. Leaders of regions that he wanted to conquer were bribed with luxury goods and enticed by promises of privilege and importance. The Incans also become had a prestigious educational system that extolled the benefits of Incan civilization. Much of the expansion throughout south american was peaceful.		The Inca civilization was ruled from by a powerful emporer. The 9th emporer of the Inca, Pachacuti undertook a ambitious campagne of conquest. The success of Pachacuti was brilliant military command (he is sometimes referred as the "Napolean of the Andes") and a brilliant political campagne of integration. Leaders of regions that he wanted to conquer were bribed with luxury goods and enticed by promises of privilege and importance. The Incans also become had a prestigious educational system that extolled the benefits of Incan civilization. Much of the expansion throughout south american was peaceful.

	At its height of power in the late 15th century, Incan civilization had conquered a vast patchwork of languages, people and culture from present-day Ecuador the whole length of South America to present-day Argentina.[[Image:Peru_Machu_Picchu_Sunrise.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Machu Picchu, the "Lost city of the Incas".]] Cuzco the capital city, was said by the spanish to be "as fine as any city in Spain". Perhaps the most impressive city of the Incan was not its capital, cuzco, but the city Machu Picchu.		At its height of power in the late 15th century, Incan civilization had conquered a vast patchwork of languages, people and culture from present-day Ecuador the whole length of South America to present-day Argentina.[[Image:Peru_Machu_Picchu_Sunrise.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Machu Picchu, the "Lost city of the Incas".]]Cuzco the capital city, was said by the spanish to be "as fine as any city in Spain". Perhaps the most impressive city of the Incan was not its capital, cuzco, but the city Machu Picchu.
	This mountain retreat is built high in the andes and is sometimes call the "Lost city of the Incas." It was intended as a mountain retreat for the leaders of Incan empire and shows great artistry- the abundant dry stone walls entirely built without motar and the blocks cut so carefully that one can't insert a knife-blade between the massive blocks.		This mountain retreat is built high in the andes and is sometimes call the "Lost city of the Incas." It was intended as a mountain retreat for the leaders of Incan empire and shows great artistry- the abundant dry stone walls entirely built without motar and the blocks cut so carefully that one can't insert a knife-blade between the massive blocks.

wikademia>Jolie: /* Early Empires of Mesoamerica */

2008-10-22T16:40:08Z

Early Empires of Mesoamerica

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:40, 22 October 2008
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	The Inca civilization was ruled from by a powerful emporer. The 9th emporer of the Inca, Pachacuti undertook a ambitious campagne of conquest. The success of Pachacuti was brilliant military command (he is sometimes referred as the "Napolean of the Andes") and a brilliant political campagne of integration. Leaders of regions that he wanted to conquer were bribed with luxury goods and enticed by promises of privilege and importance. The Incans also become had a prestigious educational system that extolled the benefits of Incan civilization. Much of the expansion throughout south american was peaceful.		The Inca civilization was ruled from by a powerful emporer. The 9th emporer of the Inca, Pachacuti undertook a ambitious campagne of conquest. The success of Pachacuti was brilliant military command (he is sometimes referred as the "Napolean of the Andes") and a brilliant political campagne of integration. Leaders of regions that he wanted to conquer were bribed with luxury goods and enticed by promises of privilege and importance. The Incans also become had a prestigious educational system that extolled the benefits of Incan civilization. Much of the expansion throughout south american was peaceful.

	At its height of power in the late 15th century, Incan civilization had conquered a vast patchwork of languages, people and culture from present-day Ecuador the whole length of South America to present-day Argentina. [[Image:Peru_Machu_Picchu_Sunrise.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Machu Picchu, the "Lost city of the Incas".]] Cuzco the capital city, was said by the spanish to be "as fine as any city in Spain". Perhaps the most impressive city of the Incan was not its capital, cuzco, but the city Machu Picchu.		At its height of power in the late 15th century, Incan civilization had conquered a vast patchwork of languages, people and culture from present-day Ecuador the whole length of South America to present-day Argentina.[[Image:Peru_Machu_Picchu_Sunrise.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Machu Picchu, the "Lost city of the Incas".]] Cuzco the capital city, was said by the spanish to be "as fine as any city in Spain". Perhaps the most impressive city of the Incan was not its capital, cuzco, but the city Machu Picchu.
	This mountain retreat is built high in the andes and is sometimes call the "Lost city of the Incas." It was intended as a mountain retreat for the leaders of Incan empire and shows great artistry- the abundant dry stone walls entirely built without motar and the blocks cut so carefully that one can't insert a knife-blade between the massive blocks.		This mountain retreat is built high in the andes and is sometimes call the "Lost city of the Incas." It was intended as a mountain retreat for the leaders of Incan empire and shows great artistry- the abundant dry stone walls entirely built without motar and the blocks cut so carefully that one can't insert a knife-blade between the massive blocks.