An introduction to the endocrine system - Revision history

wikademia>Wikademia: 6 revisions

2009-04-08T16:04:56Z

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wikademia>Donek at 21:10, 25 June 2008

2008-06-25T21:10:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:10, 25 June 2008
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	The major endocrine glands are the pituitary (anterior and posterior lobes), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal (cortex and medulla), pancreas and gonads. They play important roles in many homeostatic mechanisms, often working together in sequence. A number of glands which signal each other in sequence is usually referred to as an axis, for example the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.		The major endocrine glands are the pituitary (anterior and posterior lobes), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal (cortex and medulla), pancreas and gonads. They play important roles in many homeostatic mechanisms, often working together in sequence. A number of glands which signal each other in sequence is usually referred to as an axis, for example the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
	There are also a number of other organs which secrete hormones. The heart, for example, secretes atrial-natiuretic peptide (ANP) which is involved in the regulation of blood pressure.		There are also a number of other organs which secrete hormones. The heart, for example, secretes atrial-natiuretic peptide (ANP) which is involved in the regulation of blood pressure.

			[[Category:Endocrinology\|*]]

wikademia>Doublethink at 20:39, 3 January 2008

2008-01-03T20:39:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:39, 3 January 2008
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	~~= An introduction to the endocrine system =~~
	The endocrine system is a control system that mediates many processes within the body. This is brought about by the secretion of chemical messengers by the endocrine organs. These chemical messengers are known as hormones.		The endocrine system is a control system that mediates many processes within the body. This is brought about by the secretion of chemical messengers by the endocrine organs. These chemical messengers are known as hormones.

wikademia>Doublethink: /* The endocrine organs */

2008-01-03T20:21:50Z

The endocrine organs

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:21, 3 January 2008
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	[[Image:Illu endocrine system.png\|left\|thumb\|227px\|Major endocrine glands. (Male left, female on the right.) 1. Pineal gland 2. Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland 4. Thymus 5. Adrenal gland 6. Pancreas 7. Ovary 8. Testes]]		[[Image:Illu endocrine system.png\|left\|thumb\|227px\|Major endocrine glands. (Male left, female on the right.) 1. Pineal gland 2. Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland 4. Thymus 5. Adrenal gland 6. Pancreas 7. Ovary 8. Testes]]
	==The endocrine organs==		==The endocrine organs==
	The major endocrine glands are the pituitary (anterior and posterior lobes), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal (cortex and medulla), pancreas and gonads.. They play important roles in many homeostatic mechanisms, often working together in sequence. A number of glands which signal each other in sequence is usually referred to as an axis, for example the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.		The major endocrine glands are the pituitary (anterior and posterior lobes), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal (cortex and medulla), pancreas and gonads. They play important roles in many homeostatic mechanisms, often working together in sequence. A number of glands which signal each other in sequence is usually referred to as an axis, for example the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
	There are also a number of other organs which secrete hormones. The heart, for example, secretes atrial-natiuretic peptide (ANP) which is involved in the regulation of blood pressure.		There are also a number of other organs which secrete hormones. The heart, for example, secretes atrial-natiuretic peptide (ANP) which is involved in the regulation of blood pressure.

wikademia>Doublethink: /* The endocrine organs */

2008-01-03T20:21:31Z

The endocrine organs

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:21, 3 January 2008
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	[[Image:Illu endocrine system.png\|left\|thumb\|227px\|Major endocrine glands. (Male left, female on the right.) 1. Pineal gland 2. Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland 4. Thymus 5. Adrenal gland 6. Pancreas 7. Ovary 8. Testes]]		[[Image:Illu endocrine system.png\|left\|thumb\|227px\|Major endocrine glands. (Male left, female on the right.) 1. Pineal gland 2. Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland 4. Thymus 5. Adrenal gland 6. Pancreas 7. Ovary 8. Testes]]
	==The endocrine organs==		==The endocrine organs==
	The major endocrine glands are ~~shown in~~ the ~~diagram~~. They play important roles in many homeostatic mechanisms, often working together in sequence. A number of glands which signal each other in sequence is usually referred to as an axis, for example the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.		The major endocrine glands are the pituitary (anterior and posterior lobes), thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal (cortex and medulla), pancreas and gonads.. They play important roles in many homeostatic mechanisms, often working together in sequence. A number of glands which signal each other in sequence is usually referred to as an axis, for example the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
	There are also a number of other organs which secrete hormones. The heart, for example, secretes atrial-natiuretic peptide (ANP) which is involved in the regulation of blood pressure.		There are also a number of other organs which secrete hormones. The heart, for example, secretes atrial-natiuretic peptide (ANP) which is involved in the regulation of blood pressure.

wikademia>Doublethink: Added images and text

2008-01-03T19:29:36Z

Added images and text

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:29, 3 January 2008
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	The endocrine system is a control system that mediates many processes within the body. This is brought about by the secretion of chemical messengers by the endocrine organs. These chemical messengers are known as hormones.		The endocrine system is a control system that mediates many processes within the body. This is brought about by the secretion of chemical messengers by the endocrine organs. These chemical messengers are known as hormones.

			[[Image:Growth_hormone.png\|thumb\|right\|218px\|Growth hormone is an example of a protein hormone. It is composed of 191 amino acids]]
	==Types of hormone==		==Types of hormone==
	Hormones are small molecules secreted into the blood by the endocrine organs. They can be broadly grouped into three categories:		Hormones are small molecules secreted into the blood by the endocrine organs. They can be broadly grouped into three categories:
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	* Lipid hormones, which can be divided into two main subgroups; steroid hormones and eicosanoid hormones. Testosterone and cortisol are steroid hormones. Prostaglandins are examples of eicosanoid hormones.		* Lipid hormones, which can be divided into two main subgroups; steroid hormones and eicosanoid hormones. Testosterone and cortisol are steroid hormones. Prostaglandins are examples of eicosanoid hormones.
	* Protein and peptide hormones, composed of a single chain of amino acids. Examples of small peptide hormones are thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and vasopressin. Insulin and growth hormone (GH) are protein hormones.		* Protein and peptide hormones, composed of a single chain of amino acids. Examples of small peptide hormones are thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and vasopressin. Insulin and growth hormone (GH) are protein hormones.


	==Types of signalling==		==Types of signalling==
	The typical mode of cell signalling in the endocrine system is endocrine signalling. However, there are also other modes, which are important in the body; paracrine and autocrine.		The typical mode of cell signalling in the endocrine system is endocrine signalling. However, there are also other modes, which are important in the body; paracrine and autocrine.

			[[Image:Cell signalling.png\|thumb\|right\|350px\|Different types of cell signalling found in the human body.]]
	===Endocrine signalling===		===Endocrine signalling===
	Endocrine signals have their target organs or cells at a distant location in the body. Examples of endocrine glands are the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Typical features of endocrine glands are their ductless nature, their vascularity and the presence of intracellular vacuoles or granules storing their hormones.		Endocrine signals have their target organs or cells at a distant location in the body. Examples of endocrine glands are the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Typical features of endocrine glands are their ductless nature, their vascularity and the presence of intracellular vacuoles or granules storing their hormones.
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	Autocrine signals act on the secreting cell.		Autocrine signals act on the secreting cell.

			[[Image:Illu endocrine system.png\|left\|thumb\|227px\|Major endocrine glands. (Male left, female on the right.) 1. Pineal gland 2. Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland 4. Thymus 5. Adrenal gland 6. Pancreas 7. Ovary 8. Testes]]
	==The endocrine organs==		==The endocrine organs==
	A number of glands which signal each other in sequence is usually referred to as an axis, for example the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.		The major endocrine glands are shown in the diagram. They play important roles in many homeostatic mechanisms, often working together in sequence. A number of glands which signal each other in sequence is usually referred to as an axis, for example the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
			There are also a number of other organs which secrete hormones. The heart, for example, secretes atrial-natiuretic peptide (ANP) which is involved in the regulation of blood pressure.

wikademia>Doublethink: Page created

2007-12-13T13:17:46Z

Page created

New page

= An introduction to the endocrine system =
The endocrine system is a control system that mediates many processes within the body. This is brought about by the secretion of chemical messengers by the endocrine organs. These chemical messengers are known as hormones.

==Types of hormone==
Hormones are small molecules secreted into the blood by the endocrine organs. They can be broadly grouped into three categories:
* Tyrosine derived hormones, such as the catecholamines and thyroid hormones.
* Lipid hormones, which can be divided into two main subgroups; steroid hormones and eicosanoid hormones. Testosterone and cortisol are steroid hormones. Prostaglandins are examples of eicosanoid hormones.
* Protein and peptide hormones, composed of a single chain of amino acids. Examples of small peptide hormones are thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and vasopressin. Insulin and growth hormone (GH) are protein hormones.

==Types of signalling==
The typical mode of cell signalling in the endocrine system is endocrine signalling. However, there are also other modes, which are important in the body; paracrine and autocrine.

===Endocrine signalling===
Endocrine signals have their target organs or cells at a distant location in the body. Examples of endocrine glands are the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Typical features of endocrine glands are their ductless nature, their vascularity and the presence of intracellular vacuoles or granules storing their hormones.

===Paracrine signalling===
Paracrine signals target nearby cells. Examples are nitric oxide and chemicals which promote inflammation.

=== Autocrine signalling===
Autocrine signals act on the secreting cell.

==The endocrine organs==
A number of glands which signal each other in sequence is usually referred to as an axis, for example the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.