Archive:Mundum - Revision history

Waza: remove deletion notice

2026-10-02T02:48:58Z

remove deletion notice

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	~~{{Short description\|Oral tradition of the Kirat Rai people}}~~
	~~<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the discussion has been closed. -->~~
	~~{{Article for deletion/dated\|page=Mundum\|timestamp=20260917221104\|year=2026\|month=September\|day=17\|substed=yes\|help=off\|outcome=redirecting\|target=Mundhum}}~~
	~~<!-- Once discussion is closed, please place on talk page: {{Old AfD multi\|page=Mundum\|date=17 September 2026\|result='''keep'''}} -->~~
	~~<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point -->~~
	{{Infobox religious text		{{Infobox religious text
	\| religion = [[Indigenous religion]]<br>[[Kiratism]]		\| religion = [[Indigenous religion]]<br>[[Kiratism]]

Waza: Waza moved page Mundum to Archive:Mundum without leaving a redirect

2026-10-02T02:47:35Z

Waza moved page Mundum to Archive:Mundum without leaving a redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 02:47, 2 October 2026
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Waza: 27 revisions imported: Import with full history

2026-10-02T02:47:32Z

27 revisions imported: Import with full history

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wikipedia>Nirvana869976: Nominated for redirecting; see :Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mundum.

2026-09-17T22:11:04Z

Nominated for redirecting; see Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mundum.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:11, 17 September 2026
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	{{Short description\|Oral tradition of the Kirat Rai people}}		{{Short description\|Oral tradition of the Kirat Rai people}}
			<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the discussion has been closed. -->
			{{Article for deletion/dated\|page=Mundum\|timestamp=20260917221104\|year=2026\|month=September\|day=17\|substed=yes\|help=off\|outcome=redirecting\|target=Mundhum}}
			<!-- Once discussion is closed, please place on talk page: {{Old AfD multi\|page=Mundum\|date=17 September 2026\|result='''keep'''}} -->
			<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point -->
	{{Infobox religious text		{{Infobox religious text
	\| religion = [[Indigenous religion]]<br>[[Kiratism]]		\| religion = [[Indigenous religion]]<br>[[Kiratism]]

wikipedia>GhostInTheMachine: /* Research and Documentation */ Heading — MOS:SECTIONCAPS

2026-09-15T19:20:48Z

Research and Documentation: Heading — MOS:SECTIONCAPS

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:20, 15 September 2026
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	Mundum explains the relationship between [[ancestral spirits]], humans, and the [[natural world]]. It guides ceremonies for birth, marriage, healing, agriculture, festivals, and funerals, emphasizing harmony with nature and the spirit world. As the foundation of Kirat Rai religion and culture, Mundum safeguards indigenous identity, language, history, beliefs, and traditional knowledge across generations.<ref>Rai,Tara Mani (2026). Mundum: A Proto-Kirati Lexical Reconstruction</ref> <ref>Tara Mani Rai (2026). "Mundum, Mundumlore, and Mundumlogy: Toward a Trend Conspectus."Kirat Pragya.</ref> <ref>Rai,Ichchha Purna (2011). A Study of Mundum on the Basis of Rai Cultures</ref>		Mundum explains the relationship between [[ancestral spirits]], humans, and the [[natural world]]. It guides ceremonies for birth, marriage, healing, agriculture, festivals, and funerals, emphasizing harmony with nature and the spirit world. As the foundation of Kirat Rai religion and culture, Mundum safeguards indigenous identity, language, history, beliefs, and traditional knowledge across generations.<ref>Rai,Tara Mani (2026). Mundum: A Proto-Kirati Lexical Reconstruction</ref> <ref>Tara Mani Rai (2026). "Mundum, Mundumlore, and Mundumlogy: Toward a Trend Conspectus."Kirat Pragya.</ref> <ref>Rai,Ichchha Purna (2011). A Study of Mundum on the Basis of Rai Cultures</ref>

	== Research and ~~Documentation~~==		== Research and documentation==
	Anthropological and linguistic research by Martin Gaenszle, N. J. Allen, Balthasar Bickel, Ichchha Purna Rai, Charlotte Hardman, Novel Kishore Rai, Vishnu Singh Rai, and other scholars demonstrates that Mundum is not merely a religious text but a comprehensive system of indigenous knowledge that guides social life, ritual practice, and cultural identity. Different Rai communities preserve related traditions under names such as Mundum, Mundhum, Muddum, Mindum, Ridum, Diumla, Dumla, Mukdum, and other local terms, reflecting linguistic diversity while sharing a common Kirati worldview.<ref>Marco Nicoletti – Riddum: The Voices of the Ancestors: Ethnographic and Archaeological Overview of a Kirat Rai Culture of Eastern Nepal</ref> <ref>Nanumati Rai – Kirat Rai Sampang Mundum (2067 BS).Jaya Prasad Mukarung – Kirat Rai Bantawa Ridum Mundhum (2058 BS).		Anthropological and linguistic research by Martin Gaenszle, N. J. Allen, Balthasar Bickel, Ichchha Purna Rai, Charlotte Hardman, Novel Kishore Rai, Vishnu Singh Rai and other scholars demonstrates that Mundum is not merely a religious text but a comprehensive system of indigenous knowledge that guides social life, ritual practice and cultural identity. Different Rai communities preserve related traditions under names such as Mundum, Mundhum, Muddum, Mindum, Ridum, Diumla, Dumla, Mukdum and other local terms, reflecting linguistic diversity while sharing a common Kirati worldview.<ref>Marco Nicoletti – Riddum: The Voices of the Ancestors: Ethnographic and Archaeological Overview of a Kirat Rai Culture of Eastern Nepal</ref><ref>Nanumati Rai – Kirat Rai Sampang Mundum (2067 BS).Jaya Prasad Mukarung – Kirat Rai Bantawa Ridum Mundhum (2058 BS).
	Tara Mani Rai (Ed.) – Koyee Ridum Hadum (2011).</ref>		Tara Mani Rai (Ed.) – Koyee Ridum Hadum (2011).</ref>

	Major documentation initiatives, particularly the Chintang and Puma Documentation Project (CPDP) and the DOBES (Documentation of Endangered Languages) programme, have recorded hundreds of hours of ritual recitations, myths, oral histories, songs, and ceremonial performances using audio, video, linguistic, and ethnographic methods. These archives have become invaluable resources for preserving endangered Kirati languages and documenting Rai cultural heritage. Today, Mundum is recognized by researchers as an important source for anthropology, linguistics, folklore, religious studies, and Himalayan indigenous knowledge, while remaining the living spiritual and cultural foundation of many Kirat Rai communities.<ref>मुन्दुम शब्दको व्याख्या (Mundum and its Terminologies) (2025)</ref> <ref>Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text (2017)</ref> <ref>Tara Mani Rai – Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text.</ref> <ref>Hom Prasad Yamphu Rai – Mindum: Account of Yamphu Origin and Identity (M.Phil., Tribhuvan University)</ref>		Major documentation initiatives, particularly the Chintang and Puma Documentation Project (CPDP) and the DOBES (Documentation of Endangered Languages) programme, have recorded hundreds of hours of ritual recitations, myths, oral histories, songs and ceremonial performances using audio, video, linguistic and ethnographic methods. These archives have become invaluable resources for preserving endangered Kirati languages and documenting Rai cultural heritage. Today, Mundum is recognized by researchers as an important source for anthropology, linguistics, folklore, religious studies and Himalayan indigenous knowledge, while remaining the living spiritual and cultural foundation of many Kirat Rai communities.<ref>मुन्दुम शब्दको व्याख्या (Mundum and its Terminologies) (2025)</ref><ref>Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text (2017)</ref><ref>Tara Mani Rai – Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text.</ref><ref>Hom Prasad Yamphu Rai – Mindum: Account of Yamphu Origin and Identity (M.Phil., Tribhuvan University)</ref>

	== Mundum in various Rai languages ==		== Mundum in various Rai languages ==

wikipedia>GhostInTheMachine: /* Mundum in Various Rai languages */ Heading — MOS:SECTIONCAPS — mend table

2026-09-15T19:19:22Z

Mundum in Various Rai languages: Heading — MOS:SECTIONCAPS — mend table

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:19, 15 September 2026
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	Major documentation initiatives, particularly the Chintang and Puma Documentation Project (CPDP) and the DOBES (Documentation of Endangered Languages) programme, have recorded hundreds of hours of ritual recitations, myths, oral histories, songs, and ceremonial performances using audio, video, linguistic, and ethnographic methods. These archives have become invaluable resources for preserving endangered Kirati languages and documenting Rai cultural heritage. Today, Mundum is recognized by researchers as an important source for anthropology, linguistics, folklore, religious studies, and Himalayan indigenous knowledge, while remaining the living spiritual and cultural foundation of many Kirat Rai communities.<ref>मुन्दुम शब्दको व्याख्या (Mundum and its Terminologies) (2025)</ref> <ref>Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text (2017)</ref> <ref>Tara Mani Rai – Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text.</ref> <ref>Hom Prasad Yamphu Rai – Mindum: Account of Yamphu Origin and Identity (M.Phil., Tribhuvan University)</ref>		Major documentation initiatives, particularly the Chintang and Puma Documentation Project (CPDP) and the DOBES (Documentation of Endangered Languages) programme, have recorded hundreds of hours of ritual recitations, myths, oral histories, songs, and ceremonial performances using audio, video, linguistic, and ethnographic methods. These archives have become invaluable resources for preserving endangered Kirati languages and documenting Rai cultural heritage. Today, Mundum is recognized by researchers as an important source for anthropology, linguistics, folklore, religious studies, and Himalayan indigenous knowledge, while remaining the living spiritual and cultural foundation of many Kirat Rai communities.<ref>मुन्दुम शब्दको व्याख्या (Mundum and its Terminologies) (2025)</ref> <ref>Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text (2017)</ref> <ref>Tara Mani Rai – Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text.</ref> <ref>Hom Prasad Yamphu Rai – Mindum: Account of Yamphu Origin and Identity (M.Phil., Tribhuvan University)</ref>

	== Mundum in ~~Various~~ Rai languages ==		== Mundum in various Rai languages ==

	'''Different Names used Of Mundum in Kirati Rai Linguistic Group'''<ref>Ichchha Purna Rai (2007). An Outline of the Chintang Mundum/Ritual Language (M.A. Dissertation).</ref> <ref>Mundum: A Proto-Kirati Lexical Reconstruction (2026) </ref>
	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"
			\|+ Different Names used Of Mundum in Kirati Rai Linguistic Group<ref>Ichchha Purna Rai (2007). An Outline of the Chintang Mundum/Ritual Language (M.A. Dissertation).</ref> <ref>Mundum: A Proto-Kirati Lexical Reconstruction (2026) </ref>

	!Linguistic Group		!Linguistic Group
	!Name used		!Name used
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	\|-		\|-
	\|Puma		\|Puma
	\|Mundum/Muddum/Mudddum \|-		\|Mundum/Muddum/Mudddum
			\|-
	\|Kulung		\|Kulung
	\|Ridum		\|Ridum
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	\|Mundum/Mundhum		\|Mundum/Mundhum
	\|-		\|-
	\|Athphariya/Belhare		\|Athphariya/Belhare
	\|Mundum/Muḍḍum		\|Mundum/Muḍḍum
	\|-		\|-

wikipedia>Rai504089: /* Research and Documentation */

2026-09-15T18:39:59Z

Research and Documentation

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:39, 15 September 2026
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	Major documentation initiatives, particularly the Chintang and Puma Documentation Project (CPDP) and the DOBES (Documentation of Endangered Languages) programme, have recorded hundreds of hours of ritual recitations, myths, oral histories, songs, and ceremonial performances using audio, video, linguistic, and ethnographic methods. These archives have become invaluable resources for preserving endangered Kirati languages and documenting Rai cultural heritage. Today, Mundum is recognized by researchers as an important source for anthropology, linguistics, folklore, religious studies, and Himalayan indigenous knowledge, while remaining the living spiritual and cultural foundation of many Kirat Rai communities.<ref>मुन्दुम शब्दको व्याख्या (Mundum and its Terminologies) (2025)</ref> <ref>Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text (2017)</ref> <ref>Tara Mani Rai – Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text.</ref> <ref>Hom Prasad Yamphu Rai – Mindum: Account of Yamphu Origin and Identity (M.Phil., Tribhuvan University)</ref>		Major documentation initiatives, particularly the Chintang and Puma Documentation Project (CPDP) and the DOBES (Documentation of Endangered Languages) programme, have recorded hundreds of hours of ritual recitations, myths, oral histories, songs, and ceremonial performances using audio, video, linguistic, and ethnographic methods. These archives have become invaluable resources for preserving endangered Kirati languages and documenting Rai cultural heritage. Today, Mundum is recognized by researchers as an important source for anthropology, linguistics, folklore, religious studies, and Himalayan indigenous knowledge, while remaining the living spiritual and cultural foundation of many Kirat Rai communities.<ref>मुन्दुम शब्दको व्याख्या (Mundum and its Terminologies) (2025)</ref> <ref>Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text (2017)</ref> <ref>Tara Mani Rai – Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text.</ref> <ref>Hom Prasad Yamphu Rai – Mindum: Account of Yamphu Origin and Identity (M.Phil., Tribhuvan University)</ref>

	'''Different Names used Of Mundum in Kirati Rai Linguistic Group'''<ref> Ichchha Purna Rai (2007). An Outline of the Chintang Mundum/Ritual Language (M.A. Dissertation).</ref> <ref>Mundum: A Proto-Kirati Lexical Reconstruction (2026)</ref>

	== Mundum in Various Rai languages ==		== Mundum in Various Rai languages ==

wikipedia>Rai504089: Article

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Article

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 Major documentation initiatives, particularly the Chintang and Puma Documentation Project (CPDP) and the DOBES (Documentation of Endangered Languages) programme, have recorded hundreds of hours of ritual recitations, myths, oral histories, songs, and ceremonial performances using audio, video, linguistic, and ethnographic methods. These archives have become invaluable resources for preserving endangered Kirati languages and documenting Rai cultural heritage. Today, Mundum is recognized by researchers as an important source for anthropology, linguistics, folklore, religious studies, and Himalayan indigenous knowledge, while remaining the living spiritual and cultural foundation of many Kirat Rai communities.<ref>मुन्दुम शब्दको व्याख्या (Mundum and its Terminologies) (2025)</ref> <ref>Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text (2017)</ref> <ref>Tara Mani Rai – Problems in Translation: Evidence from the Mundum Ritual Text.</ref> <ref>Hom Prasad Yamphu Rai – Mindum: Account of Yamphu Origin and Identity (M.Phil., Tribhuvan University)</ref>
 '''Different Names used Of Mundum in Kirati Rai Linguistic Group'''<ref> Ichchha Purna Rai (2007). An Outline of the Chintang Mundum/Ritual Language (M.A. Dissertation).</ref> <ref>Mundum: A Proto-Kirati Lexical Reconstruction (2026)</ref>
 == References ==

wikipedia>Rai504089: /* Research and Documentation */ Imp

2026-09-15T13:23:12Z

Research and Documentation: Imp

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:23, 15 September 2026
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	Mundum explains the relationship between [[ancestral spirits]], humans, and the [[natural world]]. It guides ceremonies for birth, marriage, healing, agriculture, festivals, and funerals, emphasizing harmony with nature and the spirit world. As the foundation of Kirat Rai religion and culture, Mundum safeguards indigenous identity, language, history, beliefs, and traditional knowledge across generations.<ref>Rai,Tara Mani (2026). Mundum: A Proto-Kirati Lexical Reconstruction</ref> <ref>Tara Mani Rai (2026). "Mundum, Mundumlore, and Mundumlogy: Toward a Trend Conspectus."Kirat Pragya.</ref> <ref>Rai,Ichchha Purna (2011). A Study of Mundum on the Basis of Rai Cultures</ref>		Mundum explains the relationship between [[ancestral spirits]], humans, and the [[natural world]]. It guides ceremonies for birth, marriage, healing, agriculture, festivals, and funerals, emphasizing harmony with nature and the spirit world. As the foundation of Kirat Rai religion and culture, Mundum safeguards indigenous identity, language, history, beliefs, and traditional knowledge across generations.<ref>Rai,Tara Mani (2026). Mundum: A Proto-Kirati Lexical Reconstruction</ref> <ref>Tara Mani Rai (2026). "Mundum, Mundumlore, and Mundumlogy: Toward a Trend Conspectus."Kirat Pragya.</ref> <ref>Rai,Ichchha Purna (2011). A Study of Mundum on the Basis of Rai Cultures</ref>

	== ~~Mundum in Various Rai languages~~ ==		== Research and Documentation==
	Anthropological and linguistic research by Martin Gaenszle, N. J. Allen, Balthasar Bickel, Ichchha Purna Rai, Charlotte Hardman, Novel Kishore Rai, Vishnu Singh Rai, and other scholars demonstrates that Mundum is not merely a religious text but a comprehensive system of indigenous knowledge that guides social life, ritual practice, and cultural identity. Different Rai communities preserve related traditions under names such as Mundum, Mundhum, Muddum, Mindum, Ridum, Diumla, Dumla, Mukdum, and other local terms, reflecting linguistic diversity while sharing a common Kirati worldview.<ref>Marco Nicoletti – Riddum: The Voices of the Ancestors: Ethnographic and Archaeological Overview of a Kirat Rai Culture of Eastern Nepal</ref> <ref>Nanumati Rai – Kirat Rai Sampang Mundum (2067 BS).Jaya Prasad Mukarung – Kirat Rai Bantawa Ridum Mundhum (2058 BS).		Anthropological and linguistic research by Martin Gaenszle, N. J. Allen, Balthasar Bickel, Ichchha Purna Rai, Charlotte Hardman, Novel Kishore Rai, Vishnu Singh Rai, and other scholars demonstrates that Mundum is not merely a religious text but a comprehensive system of indigenous knowledge that guides social life, ritual practice, and cultural identity. Different Rai communities preserve related traditions under names such as Mundum, Mundhum, Muddum, Mindum, Ridum, Diumla, Dumla, Mukdum, and other local terms, reflecting linguistic diversity while sharing a common Kirati worldview.<ref>Marco Nicoletti – Riddum: The Voices of the Ancestors: Ethnographic and Archaeological Overview of a Kirat Rai Culture of Eastern Nepal</ref> <ref>Nanumati Rai – Kirat Rai Sampang Mundum (2067 BS).Jaya Prasad Mukarung – Kirat Rai Bantawa Ridum Mundhum (2058 BS).
	Tara Mani Rai (Ed.) – Koyee Ridum Hadum (2011).</ref>		Tara Mani Rai (Ed.) – Koyee Ridum Hadum (2011).</ref>

wikipedia>Rai504089: /* Mundum in Various Rai languages */

2026-09-15T09:30:59Z

Mundum in Various Rai languages

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:30, 15 September 2026
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	'''Different Names used Of Mundum in Kirati Rai Linguistic Group'''<ref> Ichchha Purna Rai (2007). An Outline of the Chintang Mundum/Ritual Language (M.A. Dissertation).</ref> <ref>Mundum: A Proto-Kirati Lexical Reconstruction (2026)</ref>		'''Different Names used Of Mundum in Kirati Rai Linguistic Group'''<ref> Ichchha Purna Rai (2007). An Outline of the Chintang Mundum/Ritual Language (M.A. Dissertation).</ref> <ref>Mundum: A Proto-Kirati Lexical Reconstruction (2026)</ref>
	~~{\|class="wikitable sortable"~~
	~~!Linguistic Group~~
	~~!Name used~~
	\|-
	~~\|Chamling~~
	~~\|Mundum,Muddum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Wambule~~
	~~\|Muktum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Yamphu~~
	~~\|Mundum/Pellam~~
	\|-
	~~\|Lohorung~~
	~~\|Pellam/Mundum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Sampang~~
	~~\|Muddum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Thulung~~
	~~\|Dyumla/Ridum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Mewahang~~
	~~\|Muddum/Muddhum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Khaling~~
	~~\|Tamra~~
	\|-
	~~\|Bantawa~~
	~~\|Mundum,Muddhum,Muddum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Dumi~~
	~~\|Muddum,Ridum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Kulung~~
	~~\|Ridum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Bayung~~
	~~\|Tumlo~~
	\|-
	~~\|Puma~~
	~~\|Muddum/Mundum \|- \|}~~

	== References ==		== References ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:30, 15 September 2026
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	'''Different Names used Of Mundum in Kirati Rai Linguistic Group'''<ref> Ichchha Purna Rai (2007). An Outline of the Chintang Mundum/Ritual Language (M.A. Dissertation).</ref> <ref>Mundum: A Proto-Kirati Lexical Reconstruction (2026)</ref>		'''Different Names used Of Mundum in Kirati Rai Linguistic Group'''<ref> Ichchha Purna Rai (2007). An Outline of the Chintang Mundum/Ritual Language (M.A. Dissertation).</ref> <ref>Mundum: A Proto-Kirati Lexical Reconstruction (2026)</ref>
	~~{\|class="wikitable sortable"~~
	~~!Linguistic Group~~
	~~!Name used~~
	\|-
	~~\|Chamling~~
	~~\|Mundum,Muddum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Wambule~~
	~~\|Muktum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Yamphu~~
	~~\|Mundum/Pellam~~
	\|-
	~~\|Lohorung~~
	~~\|Pellam/Mundum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Sampang~~
	~~\|Muddum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Thulung~~
	~~\|Dyumla/Ridum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Mewahang~~
	~~\|Muddum/Muddhum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Khaling~~
	~~\|Tamra~~
	\|-
	~~\|Bantawa~~
	~~\|Mundum,Muddhum,Muddum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Dumi~~
	~~\|Muddum,Ridum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Kulung~~
	~~\|Ridum~~
	\|-
	~~\|Bayung~~
	~~\|Tumlo~~
	\|-
	~~\|Puma~~
	~~\|Muddum/Mundum \|- \|}~~

	== References ==		== References ==