wikademia>Wikademia: moved Russula sanguinaria to Archive:Russula sanguinaria

2009-03-29T08:50:31Z

moved Russula sanguinaria to Archive:Russula sanguinaria

← Older revision	Revision as of 08:50, 29 March 2009
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wikademia>Wikademia at 17:27, 23 March 2009

2009-03-23T17:27:58Z

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	'''''Russula sanguinaria''''', commonly known as the '''bloody brittlegill''', is a strikingly coloured [[mushroom]], a member of the ''[[Russula]]'' genus, which has the common name of '''Brittlegills'''. It is bright blood-red, inedible, and grows in association with [[coniferous]] trees. It was previously widely known as ''Russula sanguinea''.		'''''Russula sanguinaria''''', commonly known as the '''bloody brittlegill''', is a strikingly coloured [[mushroom]], a member of the ''[[Russula]]'' genus, which has the common name of '''Brittlegills'''. It is bright blood-red, inedible, and grows in association with [[coniferous]] trees. It was previously widely known as ''Russula sanguinea''.

wikademia>Wikademia at 04:49, 23 March 2009

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 {{mycomorphbox
 | name = Russula sanguinaria
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 [[Category:Russula|sanguinaria]]
 [[Category:Inedible mushrooms]]

wikademia>Wikademia: 1 revision

2009-03-19T05:23:00Z

1 revision

← Older revision	Revision as of 05:23, 19 March 2009
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wikademia>Casliber: cat

2008-09-07T13:56:32Z

cat

New page

{{Taxobox
| color = lightblue
| name = ''Russula sanguinaria''
| status = secure
| image = Russ.sang.jpg
| image_width=250px
| regnum = [[Fungus|Fungi]]
| divisio = [[Basidiomycota]]
| classis = [[Agaricomycetes]]
| ordo = [[Russulales]]
| familia = [[Russulaceae]]
| genus = '''''[[Russula]]'''''
| species = '''''R. sanguinaria'''''
| binomial = ''Russula sanguinaria''
| binomial_authority = '''(Schumach.)''' '''Rauschert.'''
| synonyms= '''''R. sanguinea''''' '''Bull.''' '''[[Elias Magnus Fries|Fr.]]'''
}}
{{mycomorphbox
| name = Russula sanguinaria
| whichGills = adnate
| whichGills2= decurrent
| capShape = convex
|capShape2=depressed
| hymeniumType=gills
| stipeCharacter= bare
| sporePrintColor=cream
| howEdible=inedible}}

'''''Russula sanguinaria''''', commonly known as the '''bloody brittlegill''', is a strikingly coloured [[mushroom]], a member of the ''[[Russula]]'' genus, which has the common name of '''Brittlegills'''. It is bright blood-red, inedible, and grows in association with [[coniferous]] trees. It was previously widely known as ''Russula sanguinea''.

==Taxonomy==
The bloody brittlegill was first described as ''Agaricus sanguinarius'' by [[Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher]] in 1803, and redescribed under its current binomial name by mycologist Stephan Rauschert in 1989. ''Agaricus sanguinea'' was described by [[Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard|Bulliard]] and renamed ''Russula sanguinea'' by [[Elias Magnus Fries]].

Both the [[Species|specific epithets]] ''sanguinaria'' and ''sanguinea'' are derived from the [[Latin]] word ''sanguis'' "blood", a reference to this mushroom’s colour.<ref name=Nilper>{{cite book | author = Nilson S & Persson O | year = 1977 | title = Fungi of Northern Europe 2: Gill-Fungi | publisher = Penguin|isbn=0-14-063006-6|pages=p. 118}}</ref> It is unclear whether this European species is the same as the American species ''Russula rosacea''.<ref name=arora86>{{cite book |last=[[David Arora|Arora]] |first=David |year=1986|title=Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi |edition=2nd ed. |location=Berkeley |publisher=Ten Speed Press |isbn=0-89815-169-4| pages=p. 653}}</ref>

==Description==
The robust [[pileus (mycology) |cap]] grows up to 10 [[centimetre|cm]] (4 [[inch|in]]) in diameter. At first it is convex, but later flattens, and sometimes becomes saucer-shaped when mature. It is bright blood-red, or rose coloured at first, fading slightly with age, and often having paler areas. The cap skin peels at the margin only. The [[stipe (mycology) |stem]] is firmly robust, occasionally white, but more commonly flushed with the cap colour. It is streaked vertically, and tends to turn greyish pink with age. The cream to pale ochre [[Lamella (mycology)|gills]] are adnate to slightly decurrent, narrow and forking. The spore print is also cream to pale ochre. The flesh is white, somewhat hot and peppery, and sometimes bitter on the tongue, <ref name=Phillips06>{{cite book | author = Roger Phillips | year = 2006 | title = Mushrooms | publisher = Pan MacMillan | isbn = 0-330-44237-6|pages=p. 17}}</ref> with a faint fruity smell.<ref name=Nilper/>

===Similar species===
*'''''Russula helodes''''' is macroscopically identical, but tends to favour [[sphagnum]] moss in coniferous forests, and is much rarer.
*'''''[[Russula emetica]]''''' '''(Schaeff.) Pers.''' grows in the same habitat, and has a bright red cap. However it almost never has a coloured stipe, and is very crumbly and fragile.
Most of the other common bright red '''''Russula''''' species grow with [[deciduous]] trees.

==Distribution and habitat==
'''''Russula sanguinaria''''' appears in summer and autumn. It is widespread in the northern temperate zones, and is [[mycorrhizal]] with softwood trees, often ''[[Pinus]]'' (pine) in coniferous woodland, on sandy soils.<ref name=T.Laessoe>{{cite book | author = Thomas Laessoe | year = 1998 | title = Mushrooms (flexi bound) | Publisher = Dorling Kindersley | isbn = 0-7513-1070-0}}</ref>

==Edibility==
This mushroom is inedible; has a 'peppery' taste, and is sometimes quite bitter. Many similar-tasting Russulas are poisonous when eaten raw. The symptoms are mainly gastrointestinal in nature: [[diarrhoea]], vomiting and [[colic]]ky abdominal cramps. The active agent has not been identified but is thought to consist of [[sesquiterpene]]s, which have been isolated from ''[[Russula sardonia]]'',<ref>Andina D. ''et al.'' (1980) "Sesquiterpenes from Russula sardonia," ''Phytochemistry'' '''19''', 93-97</ref> and the related genus ''[[Lactarius]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Benjamin| first= Denis R. |title=Mushrooms: poisons and panaceas — a handbook for naturalists, mycologists and physicians|pages=p. 369|publisher=WH Freeman and Company| location=New York |year=1995| isbn=0-7167-2600-9}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Fungi of Europe]]
[[Category:Russula|sanguinaria]]
[[Category:Inedible mushrooms]]

[[de:Bluttäubling]]
[[it:Russula sanguinea]]
[[pms:Russula sanguinea]]
[[fi:Verihapero]]

Archive:Russula sanguinaria - Revision history

wikademia>Wikademia: moved Russula sanguinaria to Archive:Russula sanguinaria

wikademia>Wikademia at 17:27, 23 March 2009

wikademia>Wikademia at 04:49, 23 March 2009

wikademia>Wikademia: 1 revision

wikademia>Casliber: cat