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Created page with ' '''Dentistry''' has an impact on the '''environment''' and there are moves towards "eco-friendly dentistry". Eco-friendly dentistry uses a [[s…'

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'''[[Dentistry]]''' has an impact on the '''[[environment (biophysical)|environment]]''' and there are moves towards "eco-friendly dentistry". Eco-friendly dentistry uses a [[sustainable]] approach to encourage dentists to implement new strategies to try and reduce the energy being consumed and the large amount of waste being produced by the industry.

==Dentistry==
Dentistry is defined as the “evaluation, diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment (nonsurgical, surgical or related procedures) of diseases, disorders and/or conditions of the [[oral cavity]], maxillofacial area and/or the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body" <ref name="americandental">American Dental Association. Dentistry definitions. Retrieved from http://www.ada.org/prof/ed/specialties/definitions.asp</ref>. People who practice dentistry are known as dentists. They practice in according to the ethics of the profession and to the law <ref name="americandental"/>. Other people that work in the oral health industry include dental hygienists, dental assistants, and dental technicians. Dentistry, among other fields in the medical industry contributes to climate change and increasing the pollution of our environment <ref name="adamse">Adams, E. (2007). [http://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-73/issue-7/581.pdf Eco-friendly dentistry: Not a matter of choice]. Canadian Dental Association, 73(7), 581-584. Retrieved January 18, 2009, from Academic Search Elite</ref>

==Medical waste==
===Landfill and incineration===
The industrial world produces large amounts of waste each year and the medical industry plays a crucial role in producing and adding to the amount hauled off to landfills. The waste is dropped off at landfill sites and it begins its destructive path. The landfill begins to destroy the material, rather than conserve it <ref name="platt">Platt, B., Ciplet, D., Bailey, K.M., & Lombardi, E. (2008). Stop trashing the climate. Institute for Local Self Reliance. Received January 16, 2009, from http://www.stoptrashingtheclimate.org/stoptrashingtheclimate_exsum_lowres.pdf.</ref>. Raw and new materials are being exploited because of the increase in expelling of waste at landfills and incinerators. More than two-thirds of the material used in the United States is dumped into landfills each year, despite the encouragement of recycling it <ref name="platt"/>. Many environmental and health issues stand testament to the need to reduce waste deposited in landfills each year. Many pollution problems are a result of existing landfills <ref name="atiyat">Atiyat, N. & Mosa, M. (2002). Environmental impact assessment for domestic solid waste landfill project. Environmental Research Center: Royal Scientific Society. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from Academic Search Elite.</ref>. Contamination of the [[groundwater]] and [[aquifers]] by leakage produced by the decaying matter and the [[off gassing]] of methane gas from the decaying organic waste are the leading causes of environmental harm from landfills. Hazardous waste that is deposited from hospitals and medical clinics can seep into the ground and infectious diseases can spread rapidly. [[Incinerators]] are commonly used to dispose of this type of hazardous waste. The by-products of incinerators such as carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide ([[green house gases]]) can cause harm to humans and the environment and further global warming <ref name="atiyat"/>. Incinerators produce ash; from burning the waste and can be a source of environmental contamination <ref name="berg">Berg, L.R., & Hager, M.C. (2007). Visualizing environmental science. New Jersey: John Wiley, & Sons.</ref>.

===Green house gases and climate change===
Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have increased significantly since the 1960s <ref name="cunningham">Cunningham, W.P, & Cunningham, M. A. (2008). Environmental science: Aglobal concern (8th ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill.</ref>. The leading cause of [[anthropogenic]] climate change is the emission of carbon dioxide, as it is the most abundant green house gas in the environment<ref name="cunningham"/>. The burning of forests and grasslands for urbanization and other human related activities release 30 billion tons of carbon dioxide each year <ref name="cunningham"/>. Methane is a green house gas; most commonly released in landfills and can absorb 23 times as much infrared radiation as carbon dioxide; warming the Earth’s surface.

==Eco-friendly dentistry==
According to a 2007 article by the [[Canadian Dental Association]], "Eco-friendly dentistry" attempts to reduce the industry's detrimental impact on the environment and promote environmental awareness and sustainability to patients.<ref name="adamse"/>. It is an approach of dentistry that encourages sustainable practices by reducing resource consumption and waste. Eco-friendly dentistry also tries to increase the health of patients by reducing chemical use in the clinics and using [[low volatile]] <ref name="adamse"/>. Patients are encouraged to take part in sustainability in many ways such as decreasing water consumption while brushing their teeth. A sustainable practice takes the cooperation of the dentist and the patient. Eco-friendly dentist offices take into consideration patient volume, consumption of dental resources, electricity, energy, chemical and water usage, and waste and try to implement environmentally friendly alternatives <ref name="adamse"/>.

The Eco-Dentistry Association, and educational and membership association for green dental professionals, (www.ecodentistry.org) has developed a model for eco-friendly dentistry that is environmentally conscious and wellness-based, helping dentists to protect the environment while integrating dental practices that advance preventive dentistry and serving the needs of green dentistry consumers.

The EDA defines green dentistry as:
-reducing waste and pollution
-saving energy, water and money
-incorporating high-tech
-wellness-based

The EDA offers standards and best practices for green dental offices including infection control procedures.

===The four R’s===
four R’s is a strategy implemented by dental professionals to help make an easier transition to a more sustainable practice.

Rethink- Every decision is made with a certain mindset, and redeveloping a mindset is a strategy for change. Environmentalism and sustainability are both considered states of the mind.<ref name="pockrass">Pockrass, F., & Pockrass, I. (2008). [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1ANQ/is_8_22/ai_n30933655/ The four “Rs” of eco friendly dentistry.] American Dental Hygienists Association, 22(8), 18-21. Retrieved January 15, 2009, from Academic Search Elite.</ref> Rethinking the way that dentist offices are run is the initial step in trying to change the modern practice. Implementing simple changes like things you can add or change, and decrease energy and water consumption are the initial strategies to consider <ref name="pockrass"/>.

Reduce- In order to decrease the pressure on the Earth’s resources, people must decrease or reduce their consumption of them. For example to prevent [[deforestation]] of forests, and slow down global warming we must reduce our consumption of paper and production of waste respectively.

Reuse- This strategy encourages the prolonged use of item; to prevent the item from contributing to waste being put in landfills. Finding a new purpose for an item extends its life and decreases contributions to landfills. By reusing items, we take the pressure off of natural resources by decreasing the demand for [[Resource extraction|extraction]]. By reusing products, it also reduces the amount of energy needed to produce new products.

Recycle- Much of the waste that is found in landfills can be reprocessed and recycled into a new product. To reduce the waste of useful products, reduce the waste of raw materials and energy needed to extract the materials, reduce water pollution and air pollution from landfills and incinerators respectively, recycling products is a viable way to reduce overall contamination of the environment <ref name="berg"/>. It is a crucial component of the management of waste hierarchy.

==Innovations and eco-friendly dental products==
There have been many technologies designed to enhance the sustainability of dental practices. Simple rethink, reduce, reuse, and recycle steps are the initial ones to implement in the clinic before applying more advanced technologies. Reducing the amount of disposable [[autoclave]]wraps and disposable bibs can be done by using a sterilization program. Clinics can use reusable cotton towels instead of disposable plastic or paper bibs <ref name="farahai">Farahani, A. (2007). Eco-friendly dentistry: The environmentally responsible dental practice. Canadian Dentistry Association. Retrieved January 18, 2009, from http://www.cda-adc.ca/_flash/farahani_powerpoint.swf. .</ref>
. The clinic can use the neighbourhood recycling program to reduce the amount of recyclable items being disposed in landfills. To reduce the water consumption of the clinic they can use a dry dental [[vacuum pump]] that saves over 42 gallons of potable water per year instead of wet pumps <ref name="farahai"/>. One time use plastic syringes can be replaced by stainless steel syringes that can be sterilized and reused multiple times. There are many low cost, eco friendly and simple options that dentists can implement in their clinics:<ref name="adamse"/>
*use energy star washing machines and dryers
*use fluorescent lighting
*use low volatile paints
*use digital radiology instead of film based x-rays.
All of these options are easy to access and are economically and financially viable. Simple steps can be taken to reduce the environmental contamination produced by a dental practice.

== See also ==
* [[Green-collar worker]]
* [[Dental equipment]]
* [[Recycling]]
* [[Greenhouse gases]]

==Further reading==
*Endreszl, Lara. (26 September 2009) "[http://www.healthnews.com/dental-health/the-rise-eco-dentistry-3714.html The Rise of Eco-Dentistry]" healthnews.com
*Bhamra, Bob (18 January 2011) "[http://www.jivadental.co.uk/the-environment.php JiVADENTAL is the first and only CarbonNeutral® dental practice in the UK and the world ]" jivadental.co.uk

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Dentistry]]
[[Category:Environment by sector]]

Dentistry and the environment - Revision history

wikademia>Eme: Created page with ' '''Dentistry''' has an impact on the '''environment''' and there are moves towards "eco-friendly dentistry". Eco-friendly dentistry uses a [[s…'